@happyvertical/smrt-core 0.40.69 → 0.41.0

package/dist/schema/generator.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"generator.js","names":[],"sources":["../../src/schema/generator.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Schema generator for SMRT objects\n * Converts AST field definitions to database schema definitions\n */\n\nimport { createHash } from 'node:crypto';\nimport type {\n  FieldDefinition,\n  FieldMeta,\n  ManifestColumnDefinition,\n  ManifestIndexDefinition,\n  ManifestSchema,\n  SmartObjectDefinition,\n  SmartObjectManifest,\n} from '../scanner/types.js';\nimport { classnameToTablename } from '../utils/naming.js';\nimport { getDDLStrategy } from './ddl/index.js';\nimport type { DatabaseEngine } from './ddl/types.js';\nimport {\n  formatDefaultValue as formatDefaultValueShared,\n  quoteIdentifier,\n  quoteStringLiteral,\n} from './sql-identifiers.js';\nimport type {\n  ColumnDefinition,\n  ForeignKeyDefinition,\n  IndexDefinition,\n  SchemaDefinition,\n  SQLDataType,\n  TriggerDefinition,\n} from './types.js';\n\n/**\n * Structural shape of a field as read from either the build-time manifest\n * (`FieldDefinition`) or the runtime ObjectRegistry (`getAllFields()` returns\n * `Map<string, any>` upstream). The schema generator consumes both through a\n * single set of property reads, so this interface captures every field key the\n * generator touches without coupling to either source's exact type.\n *\n * `_meta` carries the structured field-helper metadata (`FieldMeta`); a few\n * legacy fields (`indexed`, `idType`, `__tenancy`) may also appear at the top\n * level depending on the source, so they are declared here too.\n */\ninterface RegistryField {\n  type?: FieldDefinition['type'];\n  related?: string;\n  required?: boolean;\n  default?: unknown;\n  description?: string;\n  transient?: boolean;\n  indexed?: boolean;\n  idType?: 'uuid' | 'text';\n  __tenancy?: FieldMeta['__tenancy'];\n  _meta?: FieldMeta;\n}\n\ntype SchemaGeneratorConfig = {\n  conflictColumns?: string[];\n  idType?: 'uuid' | 'text';\n  registry?: {\n    getConfig?(className: string): { idType?: 'uuid' | 'text' };\n    getDescendants(baseClassName: string): string[];\n    getAllFields(className: string): Promise<Map<string, RegistryField>>;\n    getSTIBase?(className: string): string | null;\n  };\n};\n\nexport class SchemaGenerator {\n  /**\n   * Generate schema definition from SMRT object definition\n   */\n  generateSchema(objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition): SchemaDefinition {\n    const tableName = this.getTableName(objectDef);\n    const columns = this.generateColumns(\n      objectDef.fields,\n      objectDef.decoratorConfig,\n    );\n    const indexes = this.generateIndexes(objectDef, columns);\n    const triggers = this.generateTriggers(objectDef, tableName);\n    const foreignKeys = this.extractForeignKeys(columns);\n    const dependencies = this.extractDependencies(objectDef, foreignKeys);\n    const version = this.generateVersion(objectDef);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      triggers,\n      foreignKeys,\n      dependencies,\n      version,\n      packageName: this.extractPackageName(objectDef.filePath),\n      baseClass: objectDef.extends,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert field type to SQL data type\n   */\n  private mapFieldTypeToSQL(fieldType: FieldDefinition['type']): SQLDataType {\n    switch (fieldType) {\n      case 'text':\n        return 'TEXT';\n      case 'integer':\n        return 'INTEGER';\n      case 'decimal':\n        return 'REAL';\n      case 'boolean':\n        return 'BOOLEAN';\n      case 'datetime':\n        return 'TIMESTAMP';\n      case 'json':\n        return 'JSON';\n      case 'foreignKey':\n        return 'UUID'; // Foreign keys default to UUID, then same-package refs can be reconciled to target idType\n      case 'crossPackageRef':\n        return 'UUID'; // Cross-package refs are UUID ids with no DDL FK constraint\n      default:\n        return 'TEXT'; // Default fallback\n    }\n  }\n\n  private getIdColumnType(config?: { idType?: 'uuid' | 'text' }): SQLDataType {\n    return config?.idType === 'text' ? 'TEXT' : 'UUID';\n  }\n\n  private getRelationshipColumnType(field: RegistryField): SQLDataType {\n    if (field?._meta?.sqlType) {\n      return String(field._meta.sqlType).toUpperCase() as SQLDataType;\n    }\n\n    if (\n      field?.type === 'crossPackageRef' &&\n      (field._meta?.idType === 'text' || field.idType === 'text')\n    ) {\n      return 'TEXT';\n    }\n\n    return this.mapFieldTypeToSQL(field?.type || 'text');\n  }\n\n  private getReferenceKind(\n    field: RegistryField,\n  ): ColumnDefinition['referenceKind'] | undefined {\n    if (\n      field?.__tenancy?.isTenantIdField ||\n      field?._meta?.__tenancy?.isTenantIdField\n    ) {\n      return 'tenantId';\n    }\n\n    if (field?.type === 'foreignKey') {\n      return 'foreignKey';\n    }\n\n    if (field?.type === 'crossPackageRef') {\n      return 'crossPackageRef';\n    }\n\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  private shouldEmitDefault(\n    field: RegistryField,\n    defaultValue: unknown,\n  ): boolean {\n    return !(\n      this.getReferenceKind(field) === 'tenantId' &&\n      this.getRelationshipColumnType(field) === 'UUID' &&\n      defaultValue === ''\n    );\n  }\n\n  private getRegistryTargetIdColumnType(\n    relatedName: string | undefined,\n    registry: SchemaGeneratorConfig['registry'] | undefined,\n  ): SQLDataType | undefined {\n    if (!relatedName || !registry?.getConfig) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n\n    const targetName = relatedName.split('.')[0];\n    const targetNames = [targetName];\n    const stiBase = registry.getSTIBase?.(targetName);\n    if (stiBase && !targetNames.includes(stiBase)) {\n      targetNames.push(stiBase);\n    }\n\n    for (const name of targetNames) {\n      const idType = registry.getConfig(name)?.idType;\n      if (idType === 'text') {\n        return 'TEXT';\n      }\n      if (idType === 'uuid') {\n        return 'UUID';\n      }\n    }\n\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  private reconcileRegistryForeignKeyColumnTypes(\n    columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition>,\n    fields: Map<string, RegistryField>,\n    registry: SchemaGeneratorConfig['registry'] | undefined,\n  ): void {\n    if (!registry?.getConfig) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    for (const [fieldName, field] of fields.entries()) {\n      if (field.type !== 'foreignKey' || field._meta?.sqlType) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const targetIdType = this.getRegistryTargetIdColumnType(\n        field.related,\n        registry,\n      );\n      if (!targetIdType) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n      if (columns[columnName]) {\n        columns[columnName] = {\n          ...columns[columnName],\n          type: targetIdType,\n        };\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate column definitions\n   */\n  private generateColumns(\n    fields: Record<string, FieldDefinition>,\n    config?: { idType?: 'uuid' | 'text' },\n  ): Record<string, ColumnDefinition> {\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Always include base SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'Primary identifier',\n    };\n\n    columns.created_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n      description: 'Creation timestamp',\n    };\n\n    columns.updated_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n      description: 'Last update timestamp',\n    };\n\n    // Add fields from object definition\n    for (const [fieldName, fieldDef] of Object.entries(fields)) {\n      // Skip id fields as we handle them above\n      if (\n        fieldName === 'id' ||\n        fieldName === 'created_at' ||\n        fieldName === 'updated_at'\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip transient fields (non-persisted)\n      // NOTE: This filtering logic must match SmrtObject.toJSON()\n      // Changes to field filtering should be applied in BOTH places\n      if (fieldDef.transient || fieldDef._meta?.transient) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n      // oneToMany and manyToMany are relationship metadata, not actual database columns\n      // foreignKey DOES create a column (it stores the foreign key ID)\n      // NOTE: This must match the filtering in SmrtObject.toJSON()\n      if (fieldDef.type === 'oneToMany' || fieldDef.type === 'manyToMany') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column (STI only)\n      // In CTI mode, meta fields shouldn't be used, but skip them anyway for safety\n      if (fieldDef.type === 'meta') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const column: ColumnDefinition = {\n        type: this.getRelationshipColumnType(fieldDef),\n        referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(fieldDef),\n        // If _meta.nullable is true, the field can be null regardless of required\n        // This handles field helpers like text({ required: true, nullable: true })\n        notNull: fieldDef._meta?.nullable ? false : fieldDef.required || false,\n        unique: fieldDef._meta?.unique || false,\n        description: fieldDef.description,\n      };\n\n      // Handle default values\n      if (\n        fieldDef.default !== undefined &&\n        this.shouldEmitDefault(fieldDef, fieldDef.default)\n      ) {\n        column.defaultValue = fieldDef.default;\n      }\n      // Note: Removed automatic NOT NULL DEFAULT '' for TEXT columns\n      // This was forcing all TEXT fields to be NOT NULL regardless of required option\n      // If DuckDB ANY type inference is an issue, it should be handled at the adapter level\n      // or with an explicit field option, not by silently changing schema semantics\n\n      // Handle foreign keys\n      if (fieldDef.type === 'foreignKey' && fieldDef.related) {\n        const [table, columnName = 'id'] = fieldDef.related.split('.');\n        column.foreignKey = {\n          table,\n          column: columnName,\n          onDelete: 'CASCADE', // Default behavior\n          onUpdate: 'CASCADE',\n        };\n      }\n\n      // Handle unique constraints\n      if (fieldName === 'slug' || fieldName === 'email') {\n        column.unique = true;\n      }\n\n      columns[fieldName] = column;\n    }\n\n    return columns;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate index definitions\n   */\n  private generateIndexes(\n    objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition,\n    columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition>,\n  ): IndexDefinition[] {\n    const indexes: IndexDefinition[] = [];\n    const tableName = this.getTableName(objectDef);\n\n    // Create indexes for foreign keys\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef.foreignKey) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `idx_${tableName}_${columnName}`,\n          columns: [columnName],\n          description: `Index for foreign key ${columnName}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Create index for updated_at (common query pattern)\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `idx_${tableName}_updated_at`,\n      columns: ['updated_at'],\n      description: 'Index for timestamp queries',\n    });\n\n    // Create unique indexes\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef.unique && !columnDef.primaryKey) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `idx_${tableName}_${columnName}_unique`,\n          columns: [columnName],\n          unique: true,\n          description: `Unique index for ${columnName}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    return indexes;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate trigger definitions for automatic timestamp updates\n   */\n  private generateTriggers(\n    _objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): TriggerDefinition[] {\n    return [\n      {\n        name: `trg_${tableName}_updated_at`,\n        when: 'BEFORE',\n        event: 'UPDATE',\n        body: `UPDATE ${quoteIdentifier(tableName)} SET \"updated_at\" = current_timestamp WHERE \"id\" = NEW.\"id\";`,\n        description: 'Automatically update updated_at timestamp',\n      },\n    ];\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Extract foreign key definitions\n   */\n  private extractForeignKeys(\n    columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition>,\n  ): ForeignKeyDefinition[] {\n    const foreignKeys: ForeignKeyDefinition[] = [];\n\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef.foreignKey) {\n        foreignKeys.push({\n          column: columnName,\n          referencesTable: columnDef.foreignKey.table,\n          referencesColumn: columnDef.foreignKey.column,\n          onDelete: columnDef.foreignKey.onDelete,\n          onUpdate: columnDef.foreignKey.onUpdate,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    return foreignKeys;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Extract schema dependencies from foreign keys and inheritance\n   */\n  private extractDependencies(\n    objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition,\n    foreignKeys: ForeignKeyDefinition[],\n  ): string[] {\n    const dependencies = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Add dependencies from foreign keys\n    for (const fk of foreignKeys) {\n      dependencies.add(fk.referencesTable);\n    }\n\n    // Add dependencies from base class\n    if (\n      objectDef.extends &&\n      objectDef.extends !== 'SmrtObject' &&\n      objectDef.extends !== 'SmrtCollection'\n    ) {\n      dependencies.add(this.classNameToTableName(objectDef.extends));\n    }\n\n    return Array.from(dependencies);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate version hash for schema\n   */\n  private generateVersion(objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition): string {\n    const content = JSON.stringify({\n      className: objectDef.className,\n      fields: objectDef.fields,\n      extends: objectDef.extends,\n    });\n    return createHash('sha256').update(content).digest('hex').substring(0, 8);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get table name from object definition\n   */\n  private getTableName(objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition): string {\n    return this.classNameToTableName(objectDef.className);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert class name to table name (camelCase to snake_case, pluralized)\n   */\n  private classNameToTableName(className: string): string {\n    return classnameToTablename(className);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Extract package name from file path\n   */\n  private extractPackageName(filePath: string): string {\n    const match = filePath.match(/packages\\/([^/]+)/);\n    return match ? match[1] : 'unknown';\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate schema definition from ObjectRegistry fields (runtime)\n   *\n   * This method builds a SchemaDefinition from ObjectRegistry cached fields,\n   * enabling schema generation from decorated classes at runtime.\n   *\n   * @param className - Class name to look up in ObjectRegistry\n   * @param tableName - Table name (from SMRT_TABLE_NAME or derived)\n   * @param fields - Map of Field definitions from ObjectRegistry\n   * @returns Schema definition object\n   */\n  generateSchemaFromRegistry(\n    className: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    fields: Map<string, RegistryField>,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): SchemaDefinition {\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Check for custom primary key\n    let hasCustomPK = false;\n    for (const [_fieldName, field] of fields.entries()) {\n      if (field._meta?.primaryKey) {\n        hasCustomPK = true;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields if no custom primary key\n    if (!hasCustomPK) {\n      columns.id = {\n        type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n        primaryKey: true,\n        referenceKind: 'id',\n        notNull: true,\n        description: 'Primary identifier',\n      };\n\n      columns.slug = {\n        type: 'TEXT',\n        notNull: true,\n        description: 'URL-friendly identifier',\n      };\n\n      columns.context = {\n        type: 'TEXT',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: '',\n        description: 'Context for slug scoping',\n      };\n    }\n\n    // Track timestamp fields to avoid duplicates\n    let hasCreatedAt = false;\n    let hasUpdatedAt = false;\n    // Track regular (column-backed) fields that opted into a plain column index\n    // via `indexed: true`. FK, unique, and meta fields each go through their\n    // own dedicated index emission paths and are excluded from this set.\n    const indexedColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Add fields from ObjectRegistry\n    for (const [fieldName, field] of fields.entries()) {\n      // Skip transient fields (non-persisted)\n      if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const isDefaultSmrtColumn =\n        fieldName === 'id' || fieldName === 'slug' || fieldName === 'context';\n\n      // Default SMRT columns are added above when we use the standard primary\n      // key path. When a class declares a custom primary key, only explicitly\n      // declared id/slug/context fields should survive this loop.\n      if (\n        isDefaultSmrtColumn &&\n        (!hasCustomPK || field._meta?.__smrtSystemField === true)\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Track timestamp fields\n      if (fieldName === 'created_at' || fieldName === 'createdAt') {\n        if (hasCreatedAt) continue;\n        hasCreatedAt = true;\n        columns.created_at = {\n          type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n          notNull: true,\n          defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n          description: 'Creation timestamp',\n        };\n        continue;\n      }\n      if (fieldName === 'updated_at' || fieldName === 'updatedAt') {\n        if (hasUpdatedAt) continue;\n        hasUpdatedAt = true;\n        columns.updated_at = {\n          type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n          notNull: true,\n          defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n          description: 'Last update timestamp',\n        };\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n      // oneToMany and manyToMany are relationship metadata, not actual database columns\n      // foreignKey DOES create a column (it stores the foreign key ID)\n      if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column (STI only)\n      // In CTI mode, meta fields shouldn't be used, but skip them anyway for safety\n      if (field.type === 'meta') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n      const columnDef: ColumnDefinition = {\n        type: sqlType,\n        referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n        // If _meta.nullable is true, the field can be null regardless of required\n        notNull: field._meta?.nullable ? false : field._meta?.required || false,\n        primaryKey: field._meta?.primaryKey || false,\n        unique: field._meta?.unique || false,\n        description: field._meta?.description,\n      };\n\n      // Get default value\n      if (\n        field._meta?.default !== undefined &&\n        this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field._meta.default)\n      ) {\n        columnDef.defaultValue = field._meta.default;\n      }\n      // Note: Removed automatic NOT NULL DEFAULT '' for TEXT columns\n      // This was forcing all TEXT fields to be NOT NULL regardless of required option\n      // If DuckDB ANY type inference is an issue, it should be handled at the adapter level\n      // or with an explicit field option, not by silently changing schema semantics\n\n      // Handle foreign keys\n      if (field.type === 'foreignKey') {\n        // Type cast to access relationship-specific properties\n        const relatedName = field.related; // Top-level property\n        const onDeleteAction = field._meta?.onDelete;\n\n        if (relatedName) {\n          columnDef.foreignKey = {\n            table: this.classNameToTableName(relatedName),\n            column: 'id',\n            onDelete: onDeleteAction || 'CASCADE',\n            onUpdate: 'CASCADE',\n          };\n        }\n      }\n\n      // Track opt-in column indexes for regular (non-FK, non-unique) fields.\n      // FK columns already get auto-indexed below; unique columns produce\n      // their own unique index; meta fields go through the jsonPath path.\n      const isIndexed = field._meta?.indexed === true || field.indexed === true;\n      if (\n        isIndexed &&\n        !columnDef.foreignKey &&\n        !columnDef.unique &&\n        !columnDef.primaryKey\n      ) {\n        indexedColumns.add(this.toSnakeCase(fieldName));\n      }\n\n      columns[this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)] = columnDef;\n    }\n\n    // Ensure timestamp columns exist\n    if (!hasCreatedAt) {\n      columns.created_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Creation timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n    if (!hasUpdatedAt) {\n      columns.updated_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Last update timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n\n    this.reconcileRegistryForeignKeyColumnTypes(\n      columns,\n      fields,\n      config?.registry,\n    );\n\n    // Generate indexes\n    const indexes: IndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    if (!hasCustomPK) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_id_idx`,\n        columns: ['id'],\n        description: 'Primary key index',\n      });\n\n      const conflictColumns = config?.conflictColumns || ['slug', 'context'];\n      const conflictIndexName =\n        conflictColumns.length > 2\n          ? `${tableName}_${conflictColumns.slice(0, 2).join('_')}_idx`\n          : `${tableName}_${conflictColumns.join('_')}_idx`;\n\n      indexes.push({\n        name: conflictIndexName,\n        columns: conflictColumns,\n        unique: true,\n        description: `Unique conflict index for ${className}`,\n      });\n    } else {\n      // Find custom PK column and create index\n      for (const [colName, colDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n        if (colDef.primaryKey) {\n          indexes.push({\n            name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n            columns: [colName],\n            description: `Primary key index`,\n          });\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Create indexes for foreign keys\n    for (const [colName, colDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (colDef.foreignKey) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `idx_${tableName}_${colName}`,\n          columns: [colName],\n          description: `Foreign key index for ${colName}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Emit opt-in column indexes for regular fields tagged with `indexed: true`\n    for (const colName of indexedColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n        description: `Index for ${colName}`,\n      });\n    }\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: this.extractForeignKeys(columns),\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: createHash('sha256')\n        .update(JSON.stringify(columns))\n        .digest('hex')\n        .substring(0, 8),\n      packageName: 'runtime',\n      baseClass: 'SmrtObject',\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate STI (Single Table Inheritance) schema from ObjectRegistry fields\n   *\n   * Creates a shared table for an inheritance hierarchy with:\n   * - _meta_type: Discriminator column to identify class type\n   * - _meta_data: JSON column for flexible field storage\n   * - Union of all FK columns from descendants (all nullable)\n   * - Partial indexes for FK columns (filtered by _meta_type)\n   *\n   * @param baseClassName - Base class name for the STI hierarchy\n   * @param tableName - Shared table name (from base class)\n   * @param fields - Map of Field definitions from base class\n   * @returns Schema definition object for STI table\n   * @example\n   * ```typescript\n   * @smrt({ tableStrategy: 'sti' })\n   * class Event extends SmrtObject {\n   *   title: string = '';\n   * }\n   *\n   * @smrt()\n   * class Meeting extends Event {\n   *   roomId = foreignKey(Room);\n   * }\n   *\n   * // Generates single table 'events' with:\n   * // - title (from Event)\n   * // - room_id (from Meeting, nullable)\n   * // - _meta_type TEXT NOT NULL (discriminator)\n   * // - _meta_data JSON (flexible storage)\n   * ```\n   */\n  async generateSTISchemaFromRegistry(\n    baseClassName: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    _fields: Map<string, RegistryField>,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): Promise<SchemaDefinition> {\n    const ObjectRegistry =\n      config?.registry ?? (await import('../registry.js')).ObjectRegistry;\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'Primary identifier',\n    };\n\n    columns.slug = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'URL-friendly identifier',\n    };\n\n    columns.context = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      defaultValue: '',\n      description: 'Context for slug scoping',\n    };\n\n    // Add STI discriminator column\n    columns._meta_type = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'Class type discriminator for STI',\n    };\n\n    // Add meta column for flexible storage\n    columns._meta_data = {\n      type: 'JSON',\n      notNull: false,\n      description: 'Flexible JSON storage for meta() fields',\n    };\n\n    // Track timestamp fields to avoid duplicates\n    let hasCreatedAt = false;\n    let hasUpdatedAt = false;\n\n    // Get all descendants to aggregate fields\n    const descendants = ObjectRegistry.getDescendants(baseClassName);\n    const allClassNames = [baseClassName, ...descendants];\n\n    // Track FK columns by class for partial indexes\n    const fkColumnsByClass = new Map<string, Set<string>>();\n    // Track meta fields opted into JSON-path indexing (deduped across STI subtypes)\n    const indexedMetaFields = new Set<string>();\n    // Track regular-field columns opted into plain column indexing\n    const indexedStiColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Aggregate fields from base and all descendants\n    for (const className of allClassNames) {\n      const classFields: Map<string, RegistryField> =\n        await ObjectRegistry.getAllFields(className);\n      fkColumnsByClass.set(className, new Set());\n\n      for (const [fieldName, field] of classFields.entries()) {\n        // Skip transient fields\n        if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Capture indexed meta fields before the skip-meta branch below\n        if (\n          field.type === 'meta' &&\n          (field.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true)\n        ) {\n          indexedMetaFields.add(fieldName);\n        }\n\n        // Skip default fields already added\n        if (\n          fieldName === 'id' ||\n          fieldName === 'slug' ||\n          fieldName === 'context'\n        ) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Track timestamp fields\n        if (fieldName === 'created_at' || fieldName === 'createdAt') {\n          if (hasCreatedAt) continue;\n          hasCreatedAt = true;\n          columns.created_at = {\n            type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n            notNull: true,\n            defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n            description: 'Creation timestamp',\n          };\n          continue;\n        }\n        if (fieldName === 'updated_at' || fieldName === 'updatedAt') {\n          if (hasUpdatedAt) continue;\n          hasUpdatedAt = true;\n          columns.updated_at = {\n            type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n            notNull: true,\n            defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n            description: 'Last update timestamp',\n          };\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n        if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column\n        if (field.type === 'meta') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n\n        // Check if column already exists (inherited from parent)\n        if (columns[columnName]) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n        const columnDef: ColumnDefinition = {\n          type: sqlType,\n          referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n          // STI: All columns nullable (union of child fields)\n          notNull: false,\n          primaryKey: false,\n          unique: false,\n          description: field._meta?.description,\n        };\n\n        // Get default value (but not applied in STI - defaults handled by application)\n        if (\n          field._meta?.default !== undefined &&\n          this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field._meta.default)\n        ) {\n          columnDef.defaultValue = field._meta.default;\n        }\n\n        // Handle foreign keys\n        if (field.type === 'foreignKey') {\n          const relatedName = field.related; // Top-level property\n          const onDeleteAction = field._meta?.onDelete;\n\n          if (relatedName) {\n            columnDef.foreignKey = {\n              table: this.classNameToTableName(relatedName),\n              column: 'id',\n              onDelete: onDeleteAction || 'CASCADE',\n              onUpdate: 'CASCADE',\n            };\n\n            // Track FK column for this class (for partial indexes)\n            fkColumnsByClass.get(className)?.add(columnName);\n          }\n        }\n\n        // Track opt-in column indexes for regular STI columns\n        const isIndexed =\n          field._meta?.indexed === true || field.indexed === true;\n        if (isIndexed && !columnDef.foreignKey) {\n          indexedStiColumns.add(columnName);\n        }\n\n        columns[columnName] = columnDef;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Ensure timestamp columns exist\n    if (!hasCreatedAt) {\n      columns.created_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Creation timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n    if (!hasUpdatedAt) {\n      columns.updated_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Last update timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n\n    for (const className of allClassNames) {\n      const classFields = await ObjectRegistry.getAllFields(className);\n      this.reconcileRegistryForeignKeyColumnTypes(\n        columns,\n        classFields,\n        ObjectRegistry,\n      );\n    }\n\n    // Generate indexes\n    const indexes: IndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    // Primary key index\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_id_idx`,\n      columns: ['id'],\n      description: 'Primary key index',\n    });\n\n    // Unique index for slug, context, and type (STI variation).\n    // STI subclasses share a table, so the discriminator participates in\n    // identity — two subtypes can share the same (slug, context). PostgreSQL\n    // UPSERT requires the live schema to carry a matching unique index; the\n    // migration differ repairs older deployments where this index was created\n    // non-unique or never created at all (issue #1165).\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_slug_context_meta_type_idx`,\n      columns: ['slug', 'context', '_meta_type'],\n      unique: true,\n      description: 'Unique index for slug, context, and type',\n    });\n\n    // Index on type column (for polymorphic queries)\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_meta_type_idx`,\n      columns: ['_meta_type'],\n      description: 'Index for type discriminator queries',\n    });\n\n    // Partial indexes for FK columns (filtered by type)\n    for (const [className, fkColumns] of fkColumnsByClass.entries()) {\n      for (const fkColumn of fkColumns) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `idx_${tableName}_${fkColumn}_${className.toLowerCase()}`,\n          columns: [fkColumn],\n          where: `_meta_type = ${quoteStringLiteral(className)}`,\n          description: `Partial index for ${fkColumn} in ${className} rows`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // JSON-path indexes for @meta({ indexed: true }) fields\n    for (const fieldName of indexedMetaFields) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_meta_${this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)}_idx`,\n        columns: [],\n        jsonPath: { column: '_meta_data', path: fieldName },\n        description: `JSON-path index for @meta({ indexed: true }) field ${fieldName}`,\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Plain column indexes for regular STI columns opted in via `indexed: true`\n    for (const colName of indexedStiColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n        description: `Index for ${colName}`,\n      });\n    }\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: this.extractForeignKeys(columns),\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: createHash('sha256')\n        .update(JSON.stringify({ columns, baseClassName, descendants }))\n        .digest('hex')\n        .substring(0, 8),\n      packageName: 'runtime',\n      baseClass: 'SmrtObject',\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate STI schema from manifest data (build-time, no runtime registry)\n   *\n   * This method generates STI schema purely from manifest data, without depending\n   * on ObjectRegistry. This enables pre-generating schemas at build time for\n   * efficient external package consumption.\n   *\n   * @param baseClassName - Base class name for the STI hierarchy\n   * @param tableName - Shared table name (from base class)\n   * @param baseFields - Fields from the base class\n   * @param manifest - Full manifest containing all objects\n   * @returns ManifestSchema for storage in manifest.json\n   */\n  generateSTISchemaFromManifest(\n    baseClassName: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    _baseFields: Record<string, FieldDefinition>,\n    manifest: SmartObjectManifest,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): ManifestSchema {\n    const columns: Record<string, ManifestColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.slug = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.context = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: '',\n    };\n\n    // Add STI discriminator column\n    columns._meta_type = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    // Add meta column for flexible storage\n    columns._meta_data = {\n      type: 'JSON',\n      notNull: false,\n    };\n\n    // Timestamp fields\n    columns.created_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    columns.updated_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    // Find all descendants in manifest\n    const descendants = this.findDescendantsInManifest(baseClassName, manifest);\n    const allClassNames = [baseClassName, ...descendants];\n\n    // Track FK columns by class for partial indexes\n    const fkColumnsByClass = new Map<string, Set<string>>();\n    // Track meta fields opted into JSON-path indexing (deduped across STI subtypes)\n    const indexedMetaFields = new Set<string>();\n    // Track regular columns opted into plain column indexing\n    const indexedStiColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Aggregate fields from base and all descendants\n    for (const className of allClassNames) {\n      const objDef = manifest.objects[className];\n      if (!objDef) continue;\n\n      fkColumnsByClass.set(className, new Set());\n\n      for (const [fieldName, field] of Object.entries(objDef.fields)) {\n        // Skip transient fields\n        if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Capture indexed meta fields before the skip-meta branch below.\n        // `indexed` is normally carried in `_meta`, but tolerate a legacy\n        // top-level flag too — RegistryField models both placements.\n        const indexedField: RegistryField = field;\n        if (\n          field.type === 'meta' &&\n          (indexedField.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true)\n        ) {\n          indexedMetaFields.add(fieldName);\n        }\n\n        // Skip default fields already added\n        if (\n          fieldName === 'id' ||\n          fieldName === 'slug' ||\n          fieldName === 'context' ||\n          fieldName === 'created_at' ||\n          fieldName === 'createdAt' ||\n          fieldName === 'updated_at' ||\n          fieldName === 'updatedAt'\n        ) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n        if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column\n        if (field.type === 'meta') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n\n        // Check if column already exists (inherited from parent)\n        if (columns[columnName]) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n        const columnDef: ManifestColumnDefinition = {\n          type: sqlType,\n          referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n          // STI: All columns nullable (union of child fields)\n          notNull: false,\n        };\n\n        // Get default value\n        if (\n          field.default !== undefined &&\n          this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field.default)\n        ) {\n          columnDef.default = field.default;\n        }\n\n        // Track FK columns for this class (for partial indexes)\n        if (field.type === 'foreignKey') {\n          fkColumnsByClass.get(className)?.add(columnName);\n        }\n\n        // Track opt-in column indexes for regular STI columns\n        const isIndexed =\n          indexedField.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true;\n        if (isIndexed && field.type !== 'foreignKey') {\n          indexedStiColumns.add(columnName);\n        }\n\n        columns[columnName] = columnDef;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Generate indexes\n    const indexes: ManifestIndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    // Primary key index\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_id_idx`,\n      columns: ['id'],\n    });\n\n    // Unique index for slug, context, and type (STI variation) — see\n    // generateSTISchemaFromRegistry for the rationale.\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_slug_context_meta_type_idx`,\n      columns: ['slug', 'context', '_meta_type'],\n      unique: true,\n    });\n\n    // Index on type column (for polymorphic queries)\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_meta_type_idx`,\n      columns: ['_meta_type'],\n    });\n\n    // JSON-path indexes for @meta({ indexed: true }) fields\n    for (const fieldName of indexedMetaFields) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_meta_${this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)}_idx`,\n        columns: [],\n        jsonPath: { column: '_meta_data', path: fieldName },\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Plain column indexes for regular STI columns opted in via `indexed: true`\n    for (const colName of indexedStiColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Generate DDL\n    const schemaDefinition: SchemaDefinition = {\n      tableName,\n      columns: this.convertManifestColumnsToSchemaColumns(columns),\n      indexes: indexes.map((idx) => ({\n        name: idx.name,\n        columns: idx.columns,\n        unique: idx.unique,\n        where: idx.where,\n        jsonPath: idx.jsonPath,\n      })),\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: [],\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: '',\n      packageName: '',\n    };\n\n    const ddl = this.generateSQL(schemaDefinition);\n\n    // Generate version hash\n    const version = createHash('sha256')\n      .update(JSON.stringify({ columns, baseClassName, descendants }))\n      .digest('hex')\n      .substring(0, 8);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      ddl,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      version,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate CTI (Class Table Inheritance) schema from manifest data\n   *\n   * @param className - Class name\n   * @param tableName - Table name\n   * @param fields - Fields from the class\n   * @returns ManifestSchema for storage in manifest.json\n   */\n  generateCTISchemaFromManifest(\n    className: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    fields: Record<string, FieldDefinition>,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): ManifestSchema {\n    const columns: Record<string, ManifestColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Track regular columns opted into a plain index via `@field({ indexed: true })`.\n    // Mirrors the STI path (generateSTISchemaFromManifest) so CTI tables honor\n    // the documented `FieldOptions.indexed` flag too.\n    const indexedColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.slug = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.context = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: '',\n    };\n\n    // Timestamp fields\n    columns.created_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    columns.updated_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    // Add class fields\n    for (const [fieldName, field] of Object.entries(fields)) {\n      // Skip transient fields\n      if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip default fields already added\n      if (\n        fieldName === 'id' ||\n        fieldName === 'slug' ||\n        fieldName === 'context' ||\n        fieldName === 'created_at' ||\n        fieldName === 'createdAt' ||\n        fieldName === 'updated_at' ||\n        fieldName === 'updatedAt'\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n      if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip meta fields\n      if (field.type === 'meta') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n      const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n      const columnDef: ManifestColumnDefinition = {\n        type: sqlType,\n        referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n        notNull: field._meta?.nullable ? false : field.required || false,\n        unique: field._meta?.unique || false,\n      };\n\n      if (\n        field.default !== undefined &&\n        this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field.default)\n      ) {\n        columnDef.default = field.default;\n      }\n\n      // Opt-in plain column index. FK columns and unique columns get their own\n      // indexes, so skip those here.\n      const indexedField: RegistryField = field;\n      const isIndexed =\n        indexedField.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true;\n      if (isIndexed && field.type !== 'foreignKey' && !columnDef.unique) {\n        indexedColumns.add(columnName);\n      }\n\n      columns[columnName] = columnDef;\n    }\n\n    // Generate indexes\n    const indexes: ManifestIndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_id_idx`,\n      columns: ['id'],\n    });\n\n    // Use custom conflict columns if provided, otherwise default to slug+context\n    const conflictColumns = config?.conflictColumns || ['slug', 'context'];\n    const indexName =\n      conflictColumns.length > 2\n        ? `${tableName}_${conflictColumns.slice(0, 2).join('_')}_idx`\n        : `${tableName}_${conflictColumns.join('_')}_idx`;\n\n    indexes.push({\n      name: indexName,\n      columns: conflictColumns,\n      unique: true,\n    });\n\n    // Plain column indexes for regular columns opted in via `indexed: true`.\n    for (const colName of indexedColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Generate DDL\n    const schemaDefinition: SchemaDefinition = {\n      tableName,\n      columns: this.convertManifestColumnsToSchemaColumns(columns),\n      indexes: indexes.map((idx) => ({\n        name: idx.name,\n        columns: idx.columns,\n        unique: idx.unique,\n        where: idx.where,\n        jsonPath: idx.jsonPath,\n      })),\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: [],\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: '',\n      packageName: '',\n    };\n\n    const ddl = this.generateSQL(schemaDefinition);\n\n    // Generate version hash\n    const version = createHash('sha256')\n      .update(JSON.stringify({ columns, className }))\n      .digest('hex')\n      .substring(0, 8);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      ddl,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      version,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Find all descendants of a class in the manifest\n   *\n   * Note: Manifest keys are now qualified names (@pkg:ClassName) but `extends` field\n   * stores simple PascalCase class names. We need to handle both qualified and simple\n   * name lookups.\n   *\n   * Issue #713: Updated to handle qualified names in manifest keys\n   */\n  private findDescendantsInManifest(\n    baseClassName: string,\n    manifest: SmartObjectManifest,\n    visited: Set<string> = new Set(),\n  ): string[] {\n    const descendants: string[] = [];\n\n    // Prevent infinite recursion (e.g., class extends same-named class from another package)\n    if (visited.has(baseClassName)) return descendants;\n    visited.add(baseClassName);\n\n    // Extract the simple class name from qualified name if needed\n    // e.g., '@happyvertical/smrt-core:PolyEvent' -> 'PolyEvent'\n    const simpleBaseClassName = baseClassName.includes(':')\n      ? baseClassName.split(':').pop() || baseClassName\n      : baseClassName;\n    const baseClassLower = simpleBaseClassName.toLowerCase();\n\n    for (const [name, obj] of Object.entries(manifest.objects)) {\n      // Skip self-references (class extending same-named class from another package)\n      if (\n        obj.className.toLowerCase() === baseClassLower &&\n        obj.extends?.toLowerCase() === baseClassLower\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      // obj.extends is a simple class name (e.g., 'PolyEvent')\n      // Compare with the simple (non-qualified) version of the base class name\n      if (obj.extends?.toLowerCase() === baseClassLower) {\n        descendants.push(name);\n        // Recursively find descendants of this class\n        // Pass the qualified name (manifest key) for recursive lookup\n        descendants.push(\n          ...this.findDescendantsInManifest(name, manifest, visited),\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    return descendants;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert ManifestColumnDefinition to ColumnDefinition\n   */\n  private convertManifestColumnsToSchemaColumns(\n    manifestColumns: Record<string, ManifestColumnDefinition>,\n  ): Record<string, ColumnDefinition> {\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    for (const [name, col] of Object.entries(manifestColumns)) {\n      columns[name] = {\n        type: col.type as SQLDataType,\n        primaryKey: col.primaryKey,\n        referenceKind: col.referenceKind,\n        notNull: col.notNull,\n        unique: col.unique,\n        defaultValue: col.default,\n      };\n    }\n\n    return columns;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert camelCase to snake_case\n   */\n  private toSnakeCase(str: string): string {\n    return str\n      .replace(/([A-Z])/g, '_$1')\n      .toLowerCase()\n      .replace(/^_/, '');\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate SQL CREATE TABLE statement from schema definition\n   *\n   * This is the single source of truth for SQL generation, consolidating\n   * logic that was previously duplicated across multiple code paths.\n   *\n   * @param schema - Schema definition object\n   * @returns SQL CREATE TABLE statement with indexes\n   */\n  generateSQL(schema: SchemaDefinition, engine?: DatabaseEngine): string {\n    // NOTE: We no longer append indexes to DDL string here.\n    // The SDK expects ddl to contain ONLY the CREATE TABLE statement.\n    // Indexes are stored separately in schema.indexes as SQL strings\n    // and the SDK handles them via syncSchema() or dedicated index creation.\n    if (engine) {\n      return getDDLStrategy(engine).generateCreateTable(schema);\n    }\n\n    const { tableName, columns } = schema;\n    let sql = `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${quoteIdentifier(tableName)} (\\n`;\n\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      const parts = [`  ${quoteIdentifier(columnName)} ${columnDef.type}`];\n\n      if (columnDef.primaryKey) {\n        parts.push('PRIMARY KEY');\n      }\n\n      if (columnDef.notNull) {\n        parts.push('NOT NULL');\n      }\n\n      if (columnDef.unique && !columnDef.primaryKey) {\n        parts.push('UNIQUE');\n      }\n\n      if (columnDef.defaultValue !== undefined) {\n        parts.push(\n          `DEFAULT ${this.formatDefaultValue(\n            columnDef.defaultValue,\n            columnDef.type,\n          )}`,\n        );\n      }\n\n      sql += `${parts.join(' ')},\\n`;\n    }\n\n    return `${sql.slice(0, -2)}\\n);`;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Format default value for SQL\n   *\n   * SQLite doesn't support CAST expressions in DEFAULT values (only literal values are allowed).\n   * This method generates DEFAULT values that work with both SQLite and DuckDB.\n   *\n   * @param value - Default value\n   * @param type - Column SQL type\n   * @returns Formatted SQL default value expression\n   */\n  private formatDefaultValue(value: unknown, type: SQLDataType): string {\n    // Delegate to the shared, injection-safe formatter so all DDL paths\n    // converge on one set of rules (allowlisted keyword/function defaults\n    // instead of \"contains `(`\", type-driven quoting, no string-\"null\" fold).\n    // This path is engine-agnostic and never emits CAST expressions, so the\n    // output stays valid for SQLite and DuckDB. Non-string TIMESTAMP defaults\n    // fall back to lowercase `current_timestamp` to preserve prior output.\n    return formatDefaultValueShared(value, type, {\n      nonStringTimestampDefault: 'current_timestamp',\n    });\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"generator.js","names":[],"sources":["../../src/schema/generator.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Schema generator for SMRT objects\n * Converts AST field definitions to database schema definitions\n */\n\nimport { createHash } from 'node:crypto';\nimport type {\n  FieldDefinition,\n  FieldMeta,\n  ManifestColumnDefinition,\n  ManifestIndexDefinition,\n  ManifestSchema,\n  SmartObjectDefinition,\n  SmartObjectManifest,\n} from '../scanner/types.js';\nimport { classnameToTablename } from '../utils/naming.js';\nimport {\n  type ConflictTableStrategy,\n  conflictIndexName,\n  resolveConflictColumns,\n  resolveTenantColumn,\n  servesSlugLookup,\n} from './conflict-target.js';\nimport { getDDLStrategy } from './ddl/index.js';\nimport type { DatabaseEngine } from './ddl/types.js';\nimport {\n  assertIdentifierFits,\n  enforceIdentifierLimits,\n  shortenIdentifier,\n} from './index-utils.js';\nimport {\n  formatDefaultValue as formatDefaultValueShared,\n  quoteIdentifier,\n  quoteStringLiteral,\n} from './sql-identifiers.js';\nimport type {\n  ColumnDefinition,\n  DeclaredIndexDefinition,\n  ForeignKeyDefinition,\n  IndexDefinition,\n  SchemaDefinition,\n  SQLDataType,\n  TriggerDefinition,\n} from './types.js';\n\n/**\n * Structural shape of a field as read from either the build-time manifest\n * (`FieldDefinition`) or the runtime ObjectRegistry (`getAllFields()` returns\n * `Map<string, any>` upstream). The schema generator consumes both through a\n * single set of property reads, so this interface captures every field key the\n * generator touches without coupling to either source's exact type.\n *\n * `_meta` carries the structured field-helper metadata (`FieldMeta`); a few\n * legacy fields (`indexed`, `idType`, `__tenancy`) may also appear at the top\n * level depending on the source, so they are declared here too.\n */\ninterface RegistryField {\n  type?: FieldDefinition['type'];\n  related?: string;\n  required?: boolean;\n  default?: unknown;\n  description?: string;\n  transient?: boolean;\n  indexed?: boolean;\n  idType?: 'uuid' | 'text';\n  __tenancy?: FieldMeta['__tenancy'];\n  _meta?: FieldMeta;\n}\n\ntype SchemaGeneratorConfig = {\n  /**\n   * The table's resolved conflict target. Registry callers pass\n   * `ObjectRegistry.getConflictColumns()`; the manifest path passes the\n   * object's `decoratorConfig` after `ManifestGenerator.normalizeConflictColumns()`\n   * materialized the tenant-aware default (#2360). When absent, the generator\n   * derives the default itself from `tenantScoped` and the strategy.\n   */\n  conflictColumns?: string[];\n  /**\n   * The schema owner's `@smrt({ tenantScoped })` config as the manifest\n   * carries it — consulted only to derive the default conflict target when\n   * `conflictColumns` is absent.\n   */\n  tenantScoped?: boolean | { field?: string };\n  idType?: 'uuid' | 'text';\n  /**\n   * `@smrt({ indexes: [...] })` declarations (#2357).\n   *\n   * The manifest paths receive the whole `decoratorConfig`, so this arrives for\n   * free there. The runtime paths rebuild a narrow config bag by hand\n   * (`schema/utils.ts`, `testing/database.ts`) and must thread it explicitly —\n   * omitting it is what made the option unreachable at runtime.\n   */\n  indexes?: DeclaredIndexDefinition[];\n  registry?: {\n    getConfig?(className: string): { idType?: 'uuid' | 'text' };\n    getDescendants(baseClassName: string): string[];\n    getAllFields(className: string): Promise<Map<string, RegistryField>>;\n    getSTIBase?(className: string): string | null;\n  };\n};\n\nexport class SchemaGenerator {\n  /**\n   * Generate schema definition from SMRT object definition\n   */\n  generateSchema(objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition): SchemaDefinition {\n    const tableName = this.getTableName(objectDef);\n    const columns = this.generateColumns(\n      objectDef.fields,\n      objectDef.decoratorConfig,\n    );\n    const indexes = this.generateIndexes(objectDef, columns);\n    const triggers = this.generateTriggers(objectDef, tableName);\n    const foreignKeys = this.extractForeignKeys(columns);\n    const dependencies = this.extractDependencies(objectDef, foreignKeys);\n    const version = this.generateVersion(objectDef);\n\n    // The default list page orders by created_at (#2363) — after the declared\n    // indexes generateIndexes() appended, before the reference-column pass so\n    // the composite suppresses a standalone tenant index.\n    this.ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Polymorphic association owner lookup `(meta_type, meta_id)` (#2364,\n    // epic #2382 finding A3) — alongside the default-ordering composite,\n    // before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensurePolymorphicAssociationIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Reference columns (@foreignKey / @crossPackageRef / tenant_id) are\n    // always indexed (#2356, #2359).\n    this.ensureReferenceColumnIndexes(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Last: nothing may lengthen a name after this (#2374).\n    enforceIdentifierLimits(tableName, indexes);\n    for (const trigger of triggers) {\n      trigger.name = shortenIdentifier(trigger.name);\n    }\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      triggers,\n      foreignKeys,\n      dependencies,\n      version,\n      packageName: this.extractPackageName(objectDef.filePath),\n      baseClass: objectDef.extends,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert field type to SQL data type\n   */\n  private mapFieldTypeToSQL(fieldType: FieldDefinition['type']): SQLDataType {\n    switch (fieldType) {\n      case 'text':\n        return 'TEXT';\n      case 'integer':\n        return 'INTEGER';\n      case 'decimal':\n        return 'REAL';\n      case 'boolean':\n        return 'BOOLEAN';\n      case 'datetime':\n        return 'TIMESTAMP';\n      case 'json':\n        return 'JSON';\n      case 'foreignKey':\n        return 'UUID'; // Foreign keys default to UUID, then same-package refs can be reconciled to target idType\n      case 'crossPackageRef':\n        return 'UUID'; // Cross-package refs are UUID ids with no DDL FK constraint\n      default:\n        return 'TEXT'; // Default fallback\n    }\n  }\n\n  private getIdColumnType(config?: { idType?: 'uuid' | 'text' }): SQLDataType {\n    return config?.idType === 'text' ? 'TEXT' : 'UUID';\n  }\n\n  private getRelationshipColumnType(field: RegistryField): SQLDataType {\n    if (field?._meta?.sqlType) {\n      return String(field._meta.sqlType).toUpperCase() as SQLDataType;\n    }\n\n    if (\n      field?.type === 'crossPackageRef' &&\n      (field._meta?.idType === 'text' || field.idType === 'text')\n    ) {\n      return 'TEXT';\n    }\n\n    return this.mapFieldTypeToSQL(field?.type || 'text');\n  }\n\n  private getReferenceKind(\n    field: RegistryField,\n  ): ColumnDefinition['referenceKind'] | undefined {\n    if (\n      field?.__tenancy?.isTenantIdField ||\n      field?._meta?.__tenancy?.isTenantIdField\n    ) {\n      return 'tenantId';\n    }\n\n    if (field?.type === 'foreignKey') {\n      return 'foreignKey';\n    }\n\n    if (field?.type === 'crossPackageRef') {\n      return 'crossPackageRef';\n    }\n\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  private shouldEmitDefault(\n    field: RegistryField,\n    defaultValue: unknown,\n  ): boolean {\n    return !(\n      this.getReferenceKind(field) === 'tenantId' &&\n      this.getRelationshipColumnType(field) === 'UUID' &&\n      defaultValue === ''\n    );\n  }\n\n  private getRegistryTargetIdColumnType(\n    relatedName: string | undefined,\n    registry: SchemaGeneratorConfig['registry'] | undefined,\n  ): SQLDataType | undefined {\n    if (!relatedName || !registry?.getConfig) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n\n    const targetName = relatedName.split('.')[0];\n    const targetNames = [targetName];\n    const stiBase = registry.getSTIBase?.(targetName);\n    if (stiBase && !targetNames.includes(stiBase)) {\n      targetNames.push(stiBase);\n    }\n\n    for (const name of targetNames) {\n      const idType = registry.getConfig(name)?.idType;\n      if (idType === 'text') {\n        return 'TEXT';\n      }\n      if (idType === 'uuid') {\n        return 'UUID';\n      }\n    }\n\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  private reconcileRegistryForeignKeyColumnTypes(\n    columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition>,\n    fields: Map<string, RegistryField>,\n    registry: SchemaGeneratorConfig['registry'] | undefined,\n  ): void {\n    if (!registry?.getConfig) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    for (const [fieldName, field] of fields.entries()) {\n      if (field.type !== 'foreignKey' || field._meta?.sqlType) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const targetIdType = this.getRegistryTargetIdColumnType(\n        field.related,\n        registry,\n      );\n      if (!targetIdType) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n      if (columns[columnName]) {\n        columns[columnName] = {\n          ...columns[columnName],\n          type: targetIdType,\n        };\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate column definitions\n   */\n  private generateColumns(\n    fields: Record<string, FieldDefinition>,\n    config?: { idType?: 'uuid' | 'text' },\n  ): Record<string, ColumnDefinition> {\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Always include base SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'Primary identifier',\n    };\n\n    columns.created_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n      description: 'Creation timestamp',\n    };\n\n    columns.updated_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n      description: 'Last update timestamp',\n    };\n\n    // Add fields from object definition\n    for (const [fieldName, fieldDef] of Object.entries(fields)) {\n      // Skip id fields as we handle them above\n      if (\n        fieldName === 'id' ||\n        fieldName === 'created_at' ||\n        fieldName === 'updated_at'\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip transient fields (non-persisted)\n      // NOTE: This filtering logic must match SmrtObject.toJSON()\n      // Changes to field filtering should be applied in BOTH places\n      if (fieldDef.transient || fieldDef._meta?.transient) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n      // oneToMany and manyToMany are relationship metadata, not actual database columns\n      // foreignKey DOES create a column (it stores the foreign key ID)\n      // NOTE: This must match the filtering in SmrtObject.toJSON()\n      if (fieldDef.type === 'oneToMany' || fieldDef.type === 'manyToMany') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column (STI only)\n      // In CTI mode, meta fields shouldn't be used, but skip them anyway for safety\n      if (fieldDef.type === 'meta') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const column: ColumnDefinition = {\n        type: this.getRelationshipColumnType(fieldDef),\n        referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(fieldDef),\n        // If _meta.nullable is true, the field can be null regardless of required\n        // This handles field helpers like text({ required: true, nullable: true })\n        notNull: fieldDef._meta?.nullable ? false : fieldDef.required || false,\n        unique: fieldDef._meta?.unique || false,\n        description: fieldDef.description,\n      };\n\n      // Handle default values\n      if (\n        fieldDef.default !== undefined &&\n        this.shouldEmitDefault(fieldDef, fieldDef.default)\n      ) {\n        column.defaultValue = fieldDef.default;\n      }\n      // Note: Removed automatic NOT NULL DEFAULT '' for TEXT columns\n      // This was forcing all TEXT fields to be NOT NULL regardless of required option\n      // If DuckDB ANY type inference is an issue, it should be handled at the adapter level\n      // or with an explicit field option, not by silently changing schema semantics\n\n      // Handle foreign keys\n      if (fieldDef.type === 'foreignKey' && fieldDef.related) {\n        const [table, columnName = 'id'] = fieldDef.related.split('.');\n        column.foreignKey = {\n          table,\n          column: columnName,\n          onDelete: 'CASCADE', // Default behavior\n          onUpdate: 'CASCADE',\n        };\n      }\n\n      // Handle unique constraints\n      if (fieldName === 'slug' || fieldName === 'email') {\n        column.unique = true;\n      }\n\n      columns[fieldName] = column;\n    }\n\n    return columns;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Whether an existing index already leads with `leadingColumns`, in order.\n   *\n   * Only an UNQUALIFIED index (no partial `WHERE`, no JSON-path expression)\n   * counts. A partial index such as `... WHERE _meta_type = 'Article'` cannot\n   * serve a base-class polymorphic query, which carries no subtype predicate,\n   * so it must not suppress the standalone index (#2359, review of #2384).\n   *\n   * A B-tree serves any prefix of its column list, so an index over\n   * `(tenant_id, created_at, status)` covers both `(tenant_id)` equality\n   * lookups and `(tenant_id, created_at)` ordering — hence the prefix test\n   * rather than an exact match (#2363).\n   */\n  private hasUnqualifiedLeadingColumns(\n    indexes: ReadonlyArray<{\n      columns: string[];\n      where?: string;\n      jsonPath?: unknown;\n    }>,\n    leadingColumns: readonly string[],\n  ): boolean {\n    return indexes.some(\n      (index) =>\n        !index.where &&\n        !index.jsonPath &&\n        (index.columns?.length ?? 0) >= leadingColumns.length &&\n        leadingColumns.every((column, i) => index.columns[i] === column),\n    );\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Whether an existing index already serves equality lookups on `column`.\n   *\n   * Single-column shorthand for {@link hasUnqualifiedLeadingColumns}.\n   */\n  private hasUnqualifiedLeadingIndex(\n    indexes: ReadonlyArray<{\n      columns: string[];\n      where?: string;\n      jsonPath?: unknown;\n    }>,\n    column: string,\n  ): boolean {\n    return this.hasUnqualifiedLeadingColumns(indexes, [column]);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * The column list of the default list-ordering index for a table.\n   *\n   * Every generated list surface — REST, MCP, and the SvelteKit list route —\n   * pages with `ORDER BY created_at DESC, <pk> ASC` (`DEFAULT_LIST_ORDER_BY`,\n   * #2367). On a tenant-scoped table that page is always preceded by a\n   * `tenant_id = ?` equality filter from the tenancy interceptor, so the\n   * serving index leads with the tenant column and orders inside it.\n   *\n   * `created_at` is generator-owned on every path — a declared `createdAt`\n   * field is rewritten to the same `TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT\n   * current_timestamp` column — so it is never a primary key and never\n   * inline-UNIQUE. That is why only `indexes` needs checking for existing\n   * coverage: no constraint-backed index can already order this column.\n   *\n   * Returns `null` when the table has no `created_at` column (no path emits\n   * such a table today, but the helper stays total).\n   */\n  private getDefaultListOrderingColumns(\n    columns: Record<string, { referenceKind?: string } | undefined>,\n  ): string[] | null {\n    if (!columns.created_at) return null;\n\n    // The tenant column name is configurable (`@smrt({ tenantScoped: { field } })`),\n    // so find it by reference kind rather than by the `tenant_id` spelling.\n    const tenantColumn = Object.entries(columns).find(\n      ([, columnDef]) => columnDef?.referenceKind === 'tenantId',\n    )?.[0];\n\n    return tenantColumn ? [tenantColumn, 'created_at'] : ['created_at'];\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Ensure the table can serve its own default list page from an index.\n   *\n   * Generated REST/MCP/SvelteKit list routes all page with\n   * `ORDER BY created_at DESC, <pk> ASC LIMIT n` and no `created_at` index\n   * existed on any schema path (the dead AST path indexed `updated_at`\n   * instead), so every default list page was a sequential scan plus a top-N\n   * sort of the whole table — 21 ms against 0.1 ms with the right composite on\n   * the workload the assessment measured (#2363, finding A2).\n   *\n   * Emitted shape:\n   *\n   * - tenant-scoped table → `(<tenant column>, created_at)`. The tenancy\n   *   interceptor adds `tenant_id = ?` to every list, so the tenant column\n   *   leads and `created_at` orders within it.\n   * - otherwise → `(created_at)`.\n   *\n   * No `DESC` declaration: PostgreSQL scans a B-tree backwards just as\n   * cheaply, and `IndexDefinition` carries no per-column direction. The\n   * trailing primary-key tiebreak is left out deliberately — its direction is\n   * opposite to `created_at`'s, so no single-direction index can satisfy the\n   * whole key anyway; the leading columns turn a full sort into an index scan\n   * with an incremental sort over rows that share a timestamp.\n   *\n   * Call this AFTER {@link appendDeclaredIndexes} and BEFORE\n   * {@link ensureReferenceColumnIndexes}: a declared composite that already\n   * leads with the same columns suppresses this one, and this composite in\n   * turn suppresses the standalone tenant index that would otherwise be a\n   * redundant prefix of it.\n   */\n  private ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      where?: string;\n      jsonPath?: unknown;\n    }>,\n    columns: Record<string, { referenceKind?: string } | undefined>,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): void {\n    const orderingColumns = this.getDefaultListOrderingColumns(columns);\n    if (!orderingColumns) return;\n    if (this.hasUnqualifiedLeadingColumns(indexes, orderingColumns)) return;\n\n    const name = `${tableName}_${orderingColumns.join('_')}_idx`;\n    if (indexes.some((index) => index.name === name)) return;\n\n    // No `description`: ManifestIndexDefinition has no such field, and this\n    // helper feeds the manifest paths as well as the structured ones.\n    indexes.push({ name, columns: orderingColumns });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * The `(meta_type, meta_id)` owner-lookup columns for a polymorphic\n   * association table, or `null` when the table isn't one.\n   *\n   * `SmrtPolymorphicAssociation` contributes `metaType`/`metaId`/`role` (and\n   * `sortOrder`) to any concrete subclass's manifest — the scanner's\n   * `FRAMEWORK_ABSTRACT_BASE_NAMES` wiring merges the abstract base's fields\n   * directly into the subclass, because the base carries no `@smrt()`\n   * decorator of its own to declare an index on. Detected structurally, by\n   * the same three-column test `cascade.ts`'s `isPolymorphicAssociationClass`\n   * uses on registry field maps: requiring all three keeps an unrelated class\n   * that merely happens to carry a `metaType` column from being treated as an\n   * association table.\n   */\n  private getPolymorphicAssociationOwnerColumns(\n    columns: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): string[] | null {\n    if (\n      !Object.hasOwn(columns, 'meta_type') ||\n      !Object.hasOwn(columns, 'meta_id') ||\n      !Object.hasOwn(columns, 'role')\n    ) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return ['meta_type', 'meta_id'];\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Ensure a polymorphic association table indexes its owner lookup\n   * `(meta_type, meta_id)` (#2364, epic #2382 finding A3).\n   *\n   * A concrete association's `conflictColumns` lead with its own FK (e.g.\n   * `AssetAssociation`'s `asset_id, meta_type, meta_id, role`), so\n   * `meta_type`/`meta_id` sit in the *middle* of that unique index — a\n   * lookup like `AssetAssociationCollection.byLeft(metaType, metaId)`\n   * (\"what points at this target\") filters columns 2-3 of a 4-column index\n   * and cannot use it as a leading prefix. `metaId` is deliberately a bare\n   * string, never a typed `@foreignKey`/`@crossPackageRef` (there is no\n   * single target table), so {@link ensureReferenceColumnIndexes} never\n   * covers it either.\n   *\n   * Call this alongside {@link ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex}, before\n   * {@link ensureReferenceColumnIndexes}.\n   *\n   * Blast radius: this applies retroactively to every\n   * `SmrtPolymorphicAssociation` subclass across every package on the next\n   * `db:migrate`, not only the ones a given change touches — roll the wave\n   * out with `smrt db:migrate --postgres-safe` (#2362), same as any other\n   * bulk index addition.\n   */\n  private ensurePolymorphicAssociationIndex(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      where?: string;\n      jsonPath?: unknown;\n    }>,\n    columns: Record<string, unknown>,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): void {\n    const ownerColumns = this.getPolymorphicAssociationOwnerColumns(columns);\n    if (!ownerColumns) return;\n    if (this.hasUnqualifiedLeadingColumns(indexes, ownerColumns)) return;\n\n    const name = `${tableName}_${ownerColumns.join('_')}_idx`;\n    if (indexes.some((index) => index.name === name)) return;\n\n    // No `description`: ManifestIndexDefinition has no such field, and this\n    // helper feeds the manifest paths as well as the structured ones.\n    indexes.push({ name, columns: ownerColumns });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Append `@smrt({ indexes: [...] })` declarations to a generated index set\n   * (#2357).\n   *\n   * Shared by every schema path — build-time AST, runtime registry CTI/STI, and\n   * manifest CTI/STI — so one declaration behaves identically however the schema\n   * was derived. Call it *first*, ahead of\n   * {@link ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex} (#2363) and\n   * {@link ensureReferenceColumnIndexes}: a declared composite leading with a\n   * reference column (e.g. `tenant_id`), or with the default ordering columns,\n   * is exactly what those helpers' leads-with check is meant to defer to, and\n   * appending afterwards would leave the table with a redundant standalone\n   * index (#2384, #2359).\n   *\n   * Nothing is dropped quietly. A column that resolves to no column on the\n   * table, a malformed entry, and a name collision with a different index are\n   * all hard errors — a silently missing index is a production performance bug\n   * that surfaces only under load.\n   *\n   * @param indexes - Generated index set, appended in place\n   * @param declared - The object's `indexes` config, from any config source\n   * @param columns - Emitted columns, keyed by column name\n   * @param tableName - Table the indexes belong to (for error messages)\n   */\n  private appendDeclaredIndexes(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      where?: string;\n    }>,\n    declared: unknown,\n    columns: Record<string, unknown>,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): void {\n    if (declared === undefined || declared === null) return;\n    if (!Array.isArray(declared)) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `@smrt({ indexes }) on \"${tableName}\" must be an array of index declarations.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    for (const entry of declared) {\n      const spec = this.validateDeclaredIndex(entry, tableName);\n\n      const mappedColumns = spec.columns.map((column) =>\n        this.resolveDeclaredIndexColumn(column, columns),\n      );\n      // `Object.hasOwn`, not `in`: the column map is a plain object, so `in`\n      // also answers true for `toString`, `constructor` and every other\n      // `Object.prototype` key — a declaration naming one would sail past this\n      // check and emit an index on a column that does not exist.\n      const unknownColumns = mappedColumns.filter(\n        (column) => !Object.hasOwn(columns, column),\n      );\n      if (unknownColumns.length > 0) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `Declared index \"${spec.name}\" on \"${tableName}\" references unknown column(s): ` +\n            `${unknownColumns.join(', ')}. Declared index columns must name a field or ` +\n            `column on the object.`,\n        );\n      }\n\n      // No `description`: ManifestIndexDefinition has no such field, and this\n      // helper feeds the manifest paths as well as the structured ones.\n      const index = {\n        name: spec.name,\n        columns: mappedColumns,\n        ...(spec.unique === true ? { unique: true } : {}),\n        ...(spec.where !== undefined ? { where: spec.where } : {}),\n      };\n\n      const existing = indexes.find((other) => other.name === index.name);\n      if (existing) {\n        // An identical re-declaration is harmless (the same object can be\n        // generated through more than one path). A *different* index under a\n        // name already taken is not: one of the two would vanish.\n        if (this.sameIndexTarget(existing, index)) continue;\n        throw new Error(\n          `Declared index \"${index.name}\" on \"${tableName}\" collides with a different index ` +\n            `of the same name. Rename the declared index.`,\n        );\n      }\n\n      indexes.push(index);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /** Narrow one raw `indexes[]` entry, rejecting anything unusable. */\n  private validateDeclaredIndex(\n    entry: unknown,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): DeclaredIndexDefinition {\n    const spec = entry as Partial<DeclaredIndexDefinition> | null | undefined;\n    const describe = () => {\n      try {\n        return JSON.stringify(entry) ?? String(entry);\n      } catch {\n        return String(entry);\n      }\n    };\n\n    if (typeof spec !== 'object' || spec === null || Array.isArray(spec)) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Declared index on \"${tableName}\" must be an object: got ${describe()}.`,\n      );\n    }\n    if (typeof spec.name !== 'string' || spec.name.length === 0) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Declared index on \"${tableName}\" needs a non-empty \"name\": got ${describe()}.`,\n      );\n    }\n    // A declared name is the developer's, not the generator's: shortening it\n    // would silently rename what they wrote, so an over-long one is refused\n    // here — at manifest generation, which `smrt dev:knowledge-check` runs —\n    // rather than truncated by PostgreSQL at deploy time (#2374).\n    assertIdentifierFits(spec.name, 'Declared index', `table \"${tableName}\"`);\n    if (\n      !Array.isArray(spec.columns) ||\n      spec.columns.length === 0 ||\n      !spec.columns.every(\n        (column) => typeof column === 'string' && column.length > 0,\n      )\n    ) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Declared index \"${spec.name}\" on \"${tableName}\" needs a non-empty \"columns\" array of field or column names.`,\n      );\n    }\n    if (spec.unique !== undefined && typeof spec.unique !== 'boolean') {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Declared index \"${spec.name}\" on \"${tableName}\" has a non-boolean \"unique\": got ${describe()}.`,\n      );\n    }\n    // An empty predicate would render `CREATE INDEX ... WHERE ;`, and treating\n    // it as \"no predicate\" would silently widen a partial index to a full one.\n    if (\n      spec.where !== undefined &&\n      (typeof spec.where !== 'string' || spec.where.trim().length === 0)\n    ) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Declared index \"${spec.name}\" on \"${tableName}\" has an empty or non-string \"where\" predicate.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    return spec as DeclaredIndexDefinition;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Resolve a declared index column to an emitted column name.\n   *\n   * Declarations name SMRT fields, but only the runtime/manifest paths\n   * snake_case them into columns — the build-time AST path keys columns by the\n   * field name itself. Prefer an exact column hit, then the snake_case form, and\n   * otherwise return the input unchanged so the caller reports it as unknown.\n   */\n  private resolveDeclaredIndexColumn(\n    name: string,\n    columns: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): string {\n    // `Object.hasOwn` rather than `in` — see appendDeclaredIndexes: `in` would\n    // resolve `toString` to itself and let the caller's unknown-column check\n    // pass on a column that does not exist.\n    if (Object.hasOwn(columns, name)) return name;\n    const snakeCased = this.toSnakeCase(name);\n    return Object.hasOwn(columns, snakeCased) ? snakeCased : name;\n  }\n\n  /** Whether two index definitions describe the same database object. */\n  private sameIndexTarget(\n    a: { columns: string[]; unique?: boolean; where?: string },\n    b: { columns: string[]; unique?: boolean; where?: string },\n  ): boolean {\n    return (\n      a.columns.length === b.columns.length &&\n      a.columns.every((column, i) => column === b.columns[i]) &&\n      (a.unique ?? false) === (b.unique ?? false) &&\n      (a.where ?? null) === (b.where ?? null)\n    );\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Ensure every reference column — `@foreignKey`, `@crossPackageRef`, and the\n   * tenancy-injected `tenant_id` — has an index leading with it.\n   *\n   * These are the columns every relationship load, `include:` batch, reverse\n   * ownership lookup and tenant-scoped read filters on. Before #2359 only the\n   * registry (test) paths indexed foreign keys, the manifest (production)\n   * paths indexed none of them, and `tenant_id` was indexed nowhere (#2356):\n   * 196/231 `@foreignKey` and 91/92 `@crossPackageRef` columns shipped with no\n   * serving index. Every schema path now calls this helper so the four paths\n   * stay in step (see `schema-path-parity.test.ts`).\n   *\n   * \"Leading with it\" rather than \"always add\": a table that already has an\n   * unqualified index starting on the column (commonly the `conflictColumns`\n   * unique index, or an `indexed: true` opt-in) is already served, and a\n   * standalone duplicate would only cost writes. A *partial* index does not\n   * count — see {@link hasUnqualifiedLeadingIndex}.\n   *\n   * Reference columns are therefore always indexed; `indexed: true` on one of\n   * them is redundant and harmless.\n   *\n   * Call this LAST in every path, after every other index (conflict, opt-in,\n   * unique, the declared composites, the default list-ordering composite, and\n   * any future addition) has been appended, so the leads-with suppression sees\n   * the full set. In particular {@link ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex} runs\n   * first on a tenant-scoped table: its `(tenant_id, created_at)` composite\n   * serves the tenant equality filter too, so no standalone tenant index is\n   * added (#2363).\n   */\n  private ensureReferenceColumnIndexes(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      where?: string;\n      jsonPath?: unknown;\n    }>,\n    columns: Record<\n      string,\n      | { referenceKind?: string; primaryKey?: boolean; unique?: boolean }\n      | undefined\n    >,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): void {\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      const kind = columnDef?.referenceKind;\n      if (\n        kind !== 'foreignKey' &&\n        kind !== 'crossPackageRef' &&\n        kind !== 'tenantId'\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      // The primary key, and a column-level UNIQUE (rendered inline on CTI\n      // tables — PostgreSQL's implicit `_key` index), are already unique\n      // indexes on every engine.\n      if (columnDef?.primaryKey || columnDef?.unique) continue;\n      if (this.hasUnqualifiedLeadingIndex(indexes, columnName)) continue;\n\n      const name = `${tableName}_${columnName}_idx`;\n      if (indexes.some((index) => index.name === name)) continue;\n\n      // No `description`: ManifestIndexDefinition has no such field, and this\n      // helper feeds the manifest paths as well as the structured ones.\n      indexes.push({ name, columns: [columnName] });\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Whether `conflictColumns` names exactly the primary key column(s).\n   *\n   * `ON CONFLICT (id)` binds to the primary-key constraint on every engine, so\n   * a separate unique index over the same column set is a second B-tree over\n   * the same random UUIDs with nothing to add (#2359, finding A5).\n   */\n  private conflictColumnsArePrimaryKey(\n    conflictColumns: string[],\n    columns: Record<string, { primaryKey?: boolean } | undefined>,\n  ): boolean {\n    const primaryKeyColumns = Object.entries(columns)\n      .filter(([, columnDef]) => columnDef?.primaryKey === true)\n      .map(([name]) => name);\n    return (\n      primaryKeyColumns.length > 0 &&\n      primaryKeyColumns.length === conflictColumns.length &&\n      primaryKeyColumns.every((column) => conflictColumns.includes(column))\n    );\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * The table's tenant column as the generated columns describe it: the\n   * column carrying `referenceKind: 'tenantId'` (set from the field's\n   * `__tenancy.isTenantIdField` marker on every path).\n   */\n  private findTenantColumn(\n    columns: Record<string, { referenceKind?: string } | undefined>,\n  ): string | undefined {\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef?.referenceKind === 'tenantId') return columnName;\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Resolve the conflict target the unique conflict index must cover\n   * (#2360). `config.conflictColumns` wins when the caller resolved it —\n   * registry callers pass `ObjectRegistry.getConflictColumns()`, the manifest\n   * pipeline passes the normalized `decoratorConfig` — otherwise the strategy\n   * default, led by the tenant column when `config.tenantScoped` names a\n   * tenant field that exists as a column. Both roads apply the same rule as\n   * `ObjectRegistry.getConflictColumns()`, so schema and upsert agree by\n   * construction (`schema-path-parity.test.ts`).\n   */\n  private resolveConflictTarget(\n    strategy: ConflictTableStrategy,\n    columns: Record<string, { referenceKind?: string } | undefined>,\n    config: SchemaGeneratorConfig | undefined,\n  ): { conflictColumns: string[]; tenantColumn: string | undefined } {\n    const tenantColumn = this.findTenantColumn(columns);\n    if (config?.conflictColumns && config.conflictColumns.length > 0) {\n      return { conflictColumns: [...config.conflictColumns], tenantColumn };\n    }\n    const tenantScoped = config?.tenantScoped;\n    const configuredTenantColumn = tenantScoped\n      ? resolveTenantColumn(\n          typeof tenantScoped === 'object'\n            ? (tenantScoped.field ?? 'tenantId')\n            : 'tenantId',\n          (fieldName) => Boolean(columns[this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)]),\n          (fieldName) => this.toSnakeCase(fieldName),\n        )\n      : undefined;\n    return {\n      conflictColumns: resolveConflictColumns({\n        strategy,\n        tenantColumn: configuredTenantColumn,\n      }),\n      tenantColumn,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Keep `(slug, context)` lookups served when `conflictColumns` are custom.\n   *\n   * The default conflict index is `(slug, context)`, and `loadFromSlug()`,\n   * `getId()` and `getSavedId()` all filter on `slug`/`context` regardless of\n   * the configured conflict key. A class that declares custom conflict\n   * columns replaces that unique index and, before #2359, left those lookups\n   * with no index at all — 120 tables (finding A7).\n   *\n   * Emitting a plain `(slug, context)` index is the safer of the two fixes:\n   * routing the lookups through the conflict key would change which row a\n   * slug resolves to on every such class, whereas an extra non-unique index\n   * is purely additive. It is skipped when an unqualified index already\n   * serves the lookup — one leading with `slug` (e.g. custom conflict columns\n   * that still start with it), or the tenant-led default key\n   * `(tenant_id, slug, context)` of a tenant-scoped table (#2360): every slug\n   * lookup on such a table carries the tenant predicate (#2365) and is served\n   * by that prefix, so a second index would only cost writes.\n   */\n  private ensureSlugLookupIndex(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      where?: string;\n      jsonPath?: unknown;\n    }>,\n    columns: Record<string, { referenceKind?: string } | undefined>,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): void {\n    if (!columns.slug || !columns.context) return;\n    const tenantColumn = this.findTenantColumn(columns);\n    if (\n      indexes.some(\n        (index) =>\n          !index.where &&\n          !index.jsonPath &&\n          servesSlugLookup(index.columns ?? [], tenantColumn),\n      )\n    ) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const name = `${tableName}_slug_context_idx`;\n    if (indexes.some((index) => index.name === name)) return;\n\n    indexes.push({ name, columns: ['slug', 'context'] });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Emit the unique conflict index of an STI table from the resolved\n   * conflict target (#2360): the STI default `(slug, context, _meta_type)`,\n   * a custom `@smrt({ conflictColumns })` declared on the STI root, or the\n   * default led by the tenant column when the root is tenant-scoped. Shared\n   * by the registry and manifest STI paths so they cannot drift.\n   *\n   * No index is emitted when the target is the primary key itself\n   * (`ON CONFLICT (id)` binds to the PK constraint), matching the CTI paths.\n   */\n  private emitStiConflictIndex(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      description?: string;\n    }>,\n    columns: Record<\n      string,\n      { referenceKind?: string; primaryKey?: boolean } | undefined\n    >,\n    tableName: string,\n    config: SchemaGeneratorConfig | undefined,\n  ): void {\n    const { conflictColumns, tenantColumn } = this.resolveConflictTarget(\n      'sti',\n      columns,\n      config,\n    );\n    if (this.conflictColumnsArePrimaryKey(conflictColumns, columns)) return;\n    indexes.push({\n      name: conflictIndexName(tableName, conflictColumns, tenantColumn),\n      columns: conflictColumns,\n      unique: true,\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Emit unique indexes for `@field({ unique: true })` columns on an STI table.\n   *\n   * STI columns are the union of every class in the hierarchy, all nullable,\n   * so a column-level `UNIQUE` (what CTI renders inline) is not enough on its\n   * own: the migration differ cannot add a column constraint to an existing\n   * table, but it can add an index. Two shapes (#2359, finding A4):\n   *\n   * - declared on the STI **base** (and therefore inherited by every class in\n   *   the table): one full unique index, table-wide like CTI;\n   * - declared only on a **descendant**: one partial unique index per class\n   *   that carries the flag (the declaring class and, through inherited field\n   *   metadata, its own descendants), `WHERE _meta_type = '<qualified>'`, so\n   *   siblings that merely share the column name are not constrained.\n   *   Uniqueness is then enforced per concrete class, not across the subtree\n   *   — a documented limitation of the discriminator-partial shape. Engines\n   *   without partial indexes (DuckDB, JSON) skip this shape entirely rather\n   *   than widen it to a table-wide UNIQUE (see DuckDBStrategy.generateIndexes\n   *   and SchemaComparer.compareIndexes).\n   *\n   * @param declarers - column name → classes whose field metadata carries\n   *   `unique: true` for that column, in hierarchy order (base first).\n   */\n  private emitStiUniqueIndexes(\n    indexes: Array<{\n      name: string;\n      columns: string[];\n      unique?: boolean;\n      where?: string;\n    }>,\n    declarers: Map<string, Set<string>>,\n    baseClassName: string,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): void {\n    for (const [columnName, classNames] of declarers.entries()) {\n      if (classNames.has(baseClassName)) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `${tableName}_${columnName}_unique_idx`,\n          columns: [columnName],\n          unique: true,\n        });\n        continue;\n      }\n      for (const className of classNames) {\n        const simpleName = className.includes(':')\n          ? className.slice(className.lastIndexOf(':') + 1)\n          : className;\n        let name = `${tableName}_${columnName}_${this.toSnakeCase(simpleName)}_unique_idx`;\n        // Two classes of one hierarchy may share a simple name across\n        // packages (`@a:Event`, `@b:Event`); the merged index list dedupes by\n        // name, so disambiguate with a short digest of the qualified name.\n        if (indexes.some((index) => index.name === name)) {\n          const digest = createHash('sha256')\n            .update(className)\n            .digest('hex')\n            .slice(0, 6);\n          name = `${tableName}_${columnName}_${this.toSnakeCase(simpleName)}_${digest}_unique_idx`;\n        }\n        indexes.push({\n          name,\n          columns: [columnName],\n          unique: true,\n          where: `_meta_type = ${quoteStringLiteral(className)}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate index definitions\n   */\n  private generateIndexes(\n    objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition,\n    columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition>,\n  ): IndexDefinition[] {\n    const indexes: IndexDefinition[] = [];\n    const tableName = this.getTableName(objectDef);\n\n    // Create indexes for foreign keys\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef.foreignKey) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `idx_${tableName}_${columnName}`,\n          columns: [columnName],\n          description: `Index for foreign key ${columnName}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Create index for updated_at (common query pattern)\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `idx_${tableName}_updated_at`,\n      columns: ['updated_at'],\n      description: 'Index for timestamp queries',\n    });\n\n    // Create unique indexes\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef.unique && !columnDef.primaryKey) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: `idx_${tableName}_${columnName}_unique`,\n          columns: [columnName],\n          unique: true,\n          description: `Unique index for ${columnName}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Declared indexes (#2357), before ensureReferenceColumnIndexes below.\n    this.appendDeclaredIndexes(\n      indexes,\n      objectDef.decoratorConfig?.indexes,\n      columns,\n      tableName,\n    );\n\n    return indexes;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate trigger definitions for automatic timestamp updates\n   */\n  private generateTriggers(\n    _objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition,\n    tableName: string,\n  ): TriggerDefinition[] {\n    return [\n      {\n        name: `trg_${tableName}_updated_at`,\n        when: 'BEFORE',\n        event: 'UPDATE',\n        body: `UPDATE ${quoteIdentifier(tableName)} SET \"updated_at\" = current_timestamp WHERE \"id\" = NEW.\"id\";`,\n        description: 'Automatically update updated_at timestamp',\n      },\n    ];\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Extract foreign key definitions\n   */\n  private extractForeignKeys(\n    columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition>,\n  ): ForeignKeyDefinition[] {\n    const foreignKeys: ForeignKeyDefinition[] = [];\n\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      if (columnDef.foreignKey) {\n        foreignKeys.push({\n          column: columnName,\n          referencesTable: columnDef.foreignKey.table,\n          referencesColumn: columnDef.foreignKey.column,\n          onDelete: columnDef.foreignKey.onDelete,\n          onUpdate: columnDef.foreignKey.onUpdate,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    return foreignKeys;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Extract schema dependencies from foreign keys and inheritance\n   */\n  private extractDependencies(\n    objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition,\n    foreignKeys: ForeignKeyDefinition[],\n  ): string[] {\n    const dependencies = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Add dependencies from foreign keys\n    for (const fk of foreignKeys) {\n      dependencies.add(fk.referencesTable);\n    }\n\n    // Add dependencies from base class\n    if (\n      objectDef.extends &&\n      objectDef.extends !== 'SmrtObject' &&\n      objectDef.extends !== 'SmrtCollection'\n    ) {\n      dependencies.add(this.classNameToTableName(objectDef.extends));\n    }\n\n    return Array.from(dependencies);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate version hash for schema\n   */\n  private generateVersion(objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition): string {\n    const content = JSON.stringify({\n      className: objectDef.className,\n      fields: objectDef.fields,\n      extends: objectDef.extends,\n    });\n    return createHash('sha256').update(content).digest('hex').substring(0, 8);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get table name from object definition\n   */\n  private getTableName(objectDef: SmartObjectDefinition): string {\n    return this.classNameToTableName(objectDef.className);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert class name to table name (camelCase to snake_case, pluralized)\n   */\n  private classNameToTableName(className: string): string {\n    return classnameToTablename(className);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Extract package name from file path\n   */\n  private extractPackageName(filePath: string): string {\n    const match = filePath.match(/packages\\/([^/]+)/);\n    return match ? match[1] : 'unknown';\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate schema definition from ObjectRegistry fields (runtime)\n   *\n   * This method builds a SchemaDefinition from ObjectRegistry cached fields,\n   * enabling schema generation from decorated classes at runtime.\n   *\n   * @param className - Class name to look up in ObjectRegistry\n   * @param tableName - Table name (from SMRT_TABLE_NAME or derived)\n   * @param fields - Map of Field definitions from ObjectRegistry\n   * @returns Schema definition object\n   */\n  generateSchemaFromRegistry(\n    className: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    fields: Map<string, RegistryField>,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): SchemaDefinition {\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Check for custom primary key\n    let hasCustomPK = false;\n    for (const [_fieldName, field] of fields.entries()) {\n      if (field._meta?.primaryKey) {\n        hasCustomPK = true;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields if no custom primary key\n    if (!hasCustomPK) {\n      columns.id = {\n        type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n        primaryKey: true,\n        referenceKind: 'id',\n        notNull: true,\n        description: 'Primary identifier',\n      };\n\n      columns.slug = {\n        type: 'TEXT',\n        notNull: true,\n        description: 'URL-friendly identifier',\n      };\n\n      columns.context = {\n        type: 'TEXT',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: '',\n        description: 'Context for slug scoping',\n      };\n    }\n\n    // Track timestamp fields to avoid duplicates\n    let hasCreatedAt = false;\n    let hasUpdatedAt = false;\n    // Track regular (column-backed) fields that opted into a plain column index\n    // via `indexed: true`. FK, unique, and meta fields each go through their\n    // own dedicated index emission paths and are excluded from this set.\n    const indexedColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Add fields from ObjectRegistry\n    for (const [fieldName, field] of fields.entries()) {\n      // Skip transient fields (non-persisted)\n      if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const isDefaultSmrtColumn =\n        fieldName === 'id' || fieldName === 'slug' || fieldName === 'context';\n\n      // Default SMRT columns are added above when we use the standard primary\n      // key path. When a class declares a custom primary key, only explicitly\n      // declared id/slug/context fields should survive this loop.\n      if (\n        isDefaultSmrtColumn &&\n        (!hasCustomPK || field._meta?.__smrtSystemField === true)\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Track timestamp fields\n      if (fieldName === 'created_at' || fieldName === 'createdAt') {\n        if (hasCreatedAt) continue;\n        hasCreatedAt = true;\n        columns.created_at = {\n          type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n          notNull: true,\n          defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n          description: 'Creation timestamp',\n        };\n        continue;\n      }\n      if (fieldName === 'updated_at' || fieldName === 'updatedAt') {\n        if (hasUpdatedAt) continue;\n        hasUpdatedAt = true;\n        columns.updated_at = {\n          type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n          notNull: true,\n          defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n          description: 'Last update timestamp',\n        };\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n      // oneToMany and manyToMany are relationship metadata, not actual database columns\n      // foreignKey DOES create a column (it stores the foreign key ID)\n      if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column (STI only)\n      // In CTI mode, meta fields shouldn't be used, but skip them anyway for safety\n      if (field.type === 'meta') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n      const columnDef: ColumnDefinition = {\n        type: sqlType,\n        referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n        // If _meta.nullable is true, the field can be null regardless of required\n        notNull: field._meta?.nullable ? false : field._meta?.required || false,\n        primaryKey: field._meta?.primaryKey || false,\n        unique: field._meta?.unique || false,\n        description: field._meta?.description,\n      };\n\n      // Get default value\n      if (\n        field._meta?.default !== undefined &&\n        this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field._meta.default)\n      ) {\n        columnDef.defaultValue = field._meta.default;\n      }\n      // Note: Removed automatic NOT NULL DEFAULT '' for TEXT columns\n      // This was forcing all TEXT fields to be NOT NULL regardless of required option\n      // If DuckDB ANY type inference is an issue, it should be handled at the adapter level\n      // or with an explicit field option, not by silently changing schema semantics\n\n      // Handle foreign keys\n      if (field.type === 'foreignKey') {\n        // Type cast to access relationship-specific properties\n        const relatedName = field.related; // Top-level property\n        const onDeleteAction = field._meta?.onDelete;\n\n        if (relatedName) {\n          columnDef.foreignKey = {\n            table: this.classNameToTableName(relatedName),\n            column: 'id',\n            onDelete: onDeleteAction || 'CASCADE',\n            onUpdate: 'CASCADE',\n          };\n        }\n      }\n\n      // Track opt-in column indexes for regular (non-FK, non-unique) fields.\n      // FK columns already get auto-indexed below; unique columns produce\n      // their own unique index; meta fields go through the jsonPath path.\n      const isIndexed = field._meta?.indexed === true || field.indexed === true;\n      if (\n        isIndexed &&\n        !columnDef.foreignKey &&\n        !columnDef.unique &&\n        !columnDef.primaryKey\n      ) {\n        indexedColumns.add(this.toSnakeCase(fieldName));\n      }\n\n      columns[this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)] = columnDef;\n    }\n\n    // Ensure timestamp columns exist\n    if (!hasCreatedAt) {\n      columns.created_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Creation timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n    if (!hasUpdatedAt) {\n      columns.updated_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Last update timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n\n    this.reconcileRegistryForeignKeyColumnTypes(\n      columns,\n      fields,\n      config?.registry,\n    );\n\n    // Generate indexes. No `<table>_id_idx`: the primary key is already a\n    // unique index on every engine, and the second B-tree over the same\n    // random UUIDs cost writes on 238/238 tables for nothing (#2359, A5).\n    // The differ drops the legacy one from existing databases.\n    const indexes: IndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    if (!hasCustomPK) {\n      // Tenant-scoped tables key on `(tenant_id, slug, context)` under the\n      // stable `<table>_slug_context_idx` name (#2360).\n      const { conflictColumns, tenantColumn } = this.resolveConflictTarget(\n        'cti',\n        columns,\n        config,\n      );\n      if (!this.conflictColumnsArePrimaryKey(conflictColumns, columns)) {\n        indexes.push({\n          name: conflictIndexName(tableName, conflictColumns, tenantColumn),\n          columns: conflictColumns,\n          unique: true,\n          description: `Unique conflict index for ${className}`,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Custom conflict columns replace the (slug, context) index, but slug\n    // loading still filters on it (#2359, A7).\n    this.ensureSlugLookupIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Emit opt-in column indexes for regular fields tagged with `indexed: true`\n    for (const colName of indexedColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n        description: `Index for ${colName}`,\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Indexes declared with `@smrt({ indexes: [...] })` (#2357). Appended\n    // before the reference-column helper so a declared composite leading with\n    // a reference column suppresses the standalone auto index.\n    this.appendDeclaredIndexes(indexes, config?.indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // The default list page orders by created_at (#2363) — after the declared\n    // indexes, before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Polymorphic association owner lookup `(meta_type, meta_id)` (#2364,\n    // epic #2382 finding A3) — alongside the default-ordering composite,\n    // before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensurePolymorphicAssociationIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Reference columns (@foreignKey / @crossPackageRef / tenant_id) are\n    // always indexed (#2356, #2359).\n    this.ensureReferenceColumnIndexes(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Last: nothing may lengthen a name after this (#2374).\n    enforceIdentifierLimits(tableName, indexes);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: this.extractForeignKeys(columns),\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: createHash('sha256')\n        .update(JSON.stringify(columns))\n        .digest('hex')\n        .substring(0, 8),\n      packageName: 'runtime',\n      baseClass: 'SmrtObject',\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate STI (Single Table Inheritance) schema from ObjectRegistry fields\n   *\n   * Creates a shared table for an inheritance hierarchy with:\n   * - _meta_type: Discriminator column to identify class type\n   * - _meta_data: JSON column for flexible field storage\n   * - Union of all FK columns from descendants (all nullable)\n   * - One plain index per reference column (FK / cross-package ref /\n   *   tenant_id). Plain rather than partial-by-class: base-class polymorphic\n   *   queries carry no `_meta_type` predicate, so a partial index could not\n   *   serve them, while a plain index serves both those and the child\n   *   collections' `_meta_type = X AND fk = ?` filters — one index per column\n   *   instead of one per (column, class) (#2359).\n   * - Unique indexes for `@field({ unique: true })` columns — see\n   *   {@link emitStiUniqueIndexes}.\n   *\n   * @param baseClassName - Base class name for the STI hierarchy\n   * @param tableName - Shared table name (from base class)\n   * @param fields - Map of Field definitions from base class\n   * @returns Schema definition object for STI table\n   * @example\n   * ```typescript\n   * @smrt({ tableStrategy: 'sti' })\n   * class Event extends SmrtObject {\n   *   title: string = '';\n   * }\n   *\n   * @smrt()\n   * class Meeting extends Event {\n   *   roomId = foreignKey(Room);\n   * }\n   *\n   * // Generates single table 'events' with:\n   * // - title (from Event)\n   * // - room_id (from Meeting, nullable)\n   * // - _meta_type TEXT NOT NULL (discriminator)\n   * // - _meta_data JSON (flexible storage)\n   * ```\n   */\n  async generateSTISchemaFromRegistry(\n    baseClassName: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    _fields: Map<string, RegistryField>,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): Promise<SchemaDefinition> {\n    const ObjectRegistry =\n      config?.registry ?? (await import('../registry.js')).ObjectRegistry;\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'Primary identifier',\n    };\n\n    columns.slug = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'URL-friendly identifier',\n    };\n\n    columns.context = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      defaultValue: '',\n      description: 'Context for slug scoping',\n    };\n\n    // Add STI discriminator column\n    columns._meta_type = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      description: 'Class type discriminator for STI',\n    };\n\n    // Add meta column for flexible storage\n    columns._meta_data = {\n      type: 'JSON',\n      notNull: false,\n      description: 'Flexible JSON storage for meta() fields',\n    };\n\n    // Track timestamp fields to avoid duplicates\n    let hasCreatedAt = false;\n    let hasUpdatedAt = false;\n\n    // Get all descendants to aggregate fields\n    const descendants = ObjectRegistry.getDescendants(baseClassName);\n    const allClassNames = [baseClassName, ...descendants];\n\n    // Track meta fields opted into JSON-path indexing (deduped across STI subtypes)\n    const indexedMetaFields = new Set<string>();\n    // Track regular-field columns opted into plain column indexing\n    const indexedStiColumns = new Set<string>();\n    // Track `unique: true` columns and the classes declaring them (#2359, A4)\n    const uniqueColumnDeclarers = new Map<string, Set<string>>();\n\n    // Aggregate fields from base and all descendants\n    for (const className of allClassNames) {\n      const classFields: Map<string, RegistryField> =\n        await ObjectRegistry.getAllFields(className);\n\n      for (const [fieldName, field] of classFields.entries()) {\n        // Skip transient fields\n        if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Capture indexed meta fields before the skip-meta branch below\n        if (\n          field.type === 'meta' &&\n          (field.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true)\n        ) {\n          indexedMetaFields.add(fieldName);\n        }\n\n        // Skip default fields already added\n        if (\n          fieldName === 'id' ||\n          fieldName === 'slug' ||\n          fieldName === 'context'\n        ) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Track timestamp fields\n        if (fieldName === 'created_at' || fieldName === 'createdAt') {\n          if (hasCreatedAt) continue;\n          hasCreatedAt = true;\n          columns.created_at = {\n            type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n            notNull: true,\n            defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n            description: 'Creation timestamp',\n          };\n          continue;\n        }\n        if (fieldName === 'updated_at' || fieldName === 'updatedAt') {\n          if (hasUpdatedAt) continue;\n          hasUpdatedAt = true;\n          columns.updated_at = {\n            type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n            notNull: true,\n            defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n            description: 'Last update timestamp',\n          };\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n        if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column\n        if (field.type === 'meta') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n\n        // `unique: true` is recorded per declaring class (before the\n        // inherited-column skip below, since descendants re-list inherited\n        // fields) so the index shape can depend on where it was declared.\n        if (field._meta?.unique === true) {\n          let declarers = uniqueColumnDeclarers.get(columnName);\n          if (!declarers) {\n            declarers = new Set();\n            uniqueColumnDeclarers.set(columnName, declarers);\n          }\n          declarers.add(className);\n        }\n\n        // Check if column already exists (inherited from parent)\n        if (columns[columnName]) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n        const columnDef: ColumnDefinition = {\n          type: sqlType,\n          referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n          // STI: All columns nullable (union of child fields)\n          notNull: false,\n          primaryKey: false,\n          // Uniqueness is enforced through indexes (emitStiUniqueIndexes), not\n          // an inline column constraint the differ could never add later.\n          unique: false,\n          description: field._meta?.description,\n        };\n\n        // Get default value (but not applied in STI - defaults handled by application)\n        if (\n          field._meta?.default !== undefined &&\n          this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field._meta.default)\n        ) {\n          columnDef.defaultValue = field._meta.default;\n        }\n\n        // Handle foreign keys\n        if (field.type === 'foreignKey') {\n          const relatedName = field.related; // Top-level property\n          const onDeleteAction = field._meta?.onDelete;\n\n          if (relatedName) {\n            columnDef.foreignKey = {\n              table: this.classNameToTableName(relatedName),\n              column: 'id',\n              onDelete: onDeleteAction || 'CASCADE',\n              onUpdate: 'CASCADE',\n            };\n          }\n        }\n\n        // Track opt-in column indexes for regular STI columns\n        const isIndexed =\n          field._meta?.indexed === true || field.indexed === true;\n        if (isIndexed && !columnDef.foreignKey) {\n          indexedStiColumns.add(columnName);\n        }\n\n        columns[columnName] = columnDef;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Ensure timestamp columns exist\n    if (!hasCreatedAt) {\n      columns.created_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Creation timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n    if (!hasUpdatedAt) {\n      columns.updated_at = {\n        type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n        notNull: true,\n        defaultValue: 'current_timestamp',\n        description: 'Last update timestamp',\n      };\n    }\n\n    for (const className of allClassNames) {\n      const classFields = await ObjectRegistry.getAllFields(className);\n      this.reconcileRegistryForeignKeyColumnTypes(\n        columns,\n        classFields,\n        ObjectRegistry,\n      );\n    }\n\n    // Generate indexes. No `<table>_id_idx` — see generateSchemaFromRegistry.\n    const indexes: IndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    // Unique conflict index — by default (slug, context, _meta_type): STI\n    // subclasses share a table, so the discriminator participates in\n    // identity and two subtypes can share the same (slug, context). The key\n    // is derived from the resolved config rather than hard-coded (#2360,\n    // A4): a custom `@smrt({ conflictColumns })` on the STI root replaces it\n    // (previously ignored here while `getConflictColumns()` honoured it, so\n    // every save failed on PostgreSQL), and a tenant-scoped root leads it\n    // with the tenant column. PostgreSQL UPSERT requires the live schema to\n    // carry a matching unique index; the migration differ repairs older\n    // deployments in place by name (issue #1165, #2360).\n    this.emitStiConflictIndex(indexes, columns, tableName, config);\n\n    // Index on type column (for polymorphic queries)\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_meta_type_idx`,\n      columns: ['_meta_type'],\n      description: 'Index for type discriminator queries',\n    });\n\n    // Unique indexes for `@field({ unique: true })` columns (#2359, A4)\n    this.emitStiUniqueIndexes(\n      indexes,\n      uniqueColumnDeclarers,\n      baseClassName,\n      tableName,\n    );\n\n    // Custom conflict columns replace the (slug, context, _meta_type) index,\n    // but slug loading still filters on slug/context (#2359, A7).\n    this.ensureSlugLookupIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // JSON-path indexes for @meta({ indexed: true }) fields\n    for (const fieldName of indexedMetaFields) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_meta_${this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)}_idx`,\n        columns: [],\n        jsonPath: { column: '_meta_data', path: fieldName },\n        description: `JSON-path index for @meta({ indexed: true }) field ${fieldName}`,\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Plain column indexes for regular STI columns opted in via `indexed: true`\n    for (const colName of indexedStiColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n        description: `Index for ${colName}`,\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Indexes declared on the STI base with `@smrt({ indexes: [...] })`\n    // (#2357). Descendants share one table, so the base owns its access paths\n    // and a declaration there applies to every subtype's reads. Appended\n    // before the reference-column helper so a declared composite leading with\n    // a reference column suppresses the standalone auto index.\n    this.appendDeclaredIndexes(indexes, config?.indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // The default list page orders by created_at (#2363) — after the declared\n    // indexes, before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Polymorphic association owner lookup `(meta_type, meta_id)` (#2364,\n    // epic #2382 finding A3) — alongside the default-ordering composite,\n    // before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensurePolymorphicAssociationIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Reference columns (@foreignKey / @crossPackageRef / tenant_id) are\n    // always indexed (#2356, #2359).\n    this.ensureReferenceColumnIndexes(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Last: nothing may lengthen a name after this (#2374).\n    enforceIdentifierLimits(tableName, indexes);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: this.extractForeignKeys(columns),\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: createHash('sha256')\n        .update(JSON.stringify({ columns, baseClassName, descendants }))\n        .digest('hex')\n        .substring(0, 8),\n      packageName: 'runtime',\n      baseClass: 'SmrtObject',\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate STI schema from manifest data (build-time, no runtime registry)\n   *\n   * This method generates STI schema purely from manifest data, without depending\n   * on ObjectRegistry. This enables pre-generating schemas at build time for\n   * efficient external package consumption.\n   *\n   * @param baseClassName - Base class name for the STI hierarchy\n   * @param tableName - Shared table name (from base class)\n   * @param baseFields - Fields from the base class\n   * @param manifest - Full manifest containing all objects\n   * @returns ManifestSchema for storage in manifest.json\n   */\n  generateSTISchemaFromManifest(\n    baseClassName: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    _baseFields: Record<string, FieldDefinition>,\n    manifest: SmartObjectManifest,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): ManifestSchema {\n    const columns: Record<string, ManifestColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.slug = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.context = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: '',\n    };\n\n    // Add STI discriminator column\n    columns._meta_type = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    // Add meta column for flexible storage\n    columns._meta_data = {\n      type: 'JSON',\n      notNull: false,\n    };\n\n    // Timestamp fields\n    columns.created_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    columns.updated_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    // Find all descendants in manifest. Manifest keys are qualified names\n    // while callers may pass the base's simple name (an external STI base is\n    // reported that way); resolve to the key so the base's own fields are\n    // aggregated and the base-declared unique check below sees the same\n    // spelling the descendant loop records.\n    const baseKey = this.resolveManifestClassKey(baseClassName, manifest);\n    const descendants = this.findDescendantsInManifest(baseKey, manifest);\n    const allClassNames = [baseKey, ...descendants];\n\n    // Track meta fields opted into JSON-path indexing (deduped across STI subtypes)\n    const indexedMetaFields = new Set<string>();\n    // Track regular columns opted into plain column indexing\n    const indexedStiColumns = new Set<string>();\n    // Track `unique: true` columns and the classes declaring them (#2359, A4)\n    const uniqueColumnDeclarers = new Map<string, Set<string>>();\n\n    // Aggregate fields from base and all descendants\n    for (const className of allClassNames) {\n      const objDef = manifest.objects[className];\n      if (!objDef) continue;\n\n      for (const [fieldName, field] of Object.entries(objDef.fields)) {\n        // Skip transient fields\n        if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Capture indexed meta fields before the skip-meta branch below.\n        // `indexed` is normally carried in `_meta`, but tolerate a legacy\n        // top-level flag too — RegistryField models both placements.\n        const indexedField: RegistryField = field;\n        if (\n          field.type === 'meta' &&\n          (indexedField.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true)\n        ) {\n          indexedMetaFields.add(fieldName);\n        }\n\n        // Skip default fields already added\n        if (\n          fieldName === 'id' ||\n          fieldName === 'slug' ||\n          fieldName === 'context' ||\n          fieldName === 'created_at' ||\n          fieldName === 'createdAt' ||\n          fieldName === 'updated_at' ||\n          fieldName === 'updatedAt'\n        ) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n        if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // Skip meta fields - they're stored in _meta_data JSONB column\n        if (field.type === 'meta') {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n\n        // `unique: true` per declaring class — see generateSTISchemaFromRegistry.\n        if (field._meta?.unique === true) {\n          let declarers = uniqueColumnDeclarers.get(columnName);\n          if (!declarers) {\n            declarers = new Set();\n            uniqueColumnDeclarers.set(columnName, declarers);\n          }\n          declarers.add(className);\n        }\n\n        // Check if column already exists (inherited from parent)\n        if (columns[columnName]) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n        const columnDef: ManifestColumnDefinition = {\n          type: sqlType,\n          referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n          // STI: All columns nullable (union of child fields)\n          notNull: false,\n        };\n\n        // Get default value\n        if (\n          field.default !== undefined &&\n          this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field.default)\n        ) {\n          columnDef.default = field.default;\n        }\n\n        // Track opt-in column indexes for regular STI columns\n        const isIndexed =\n          indexedField.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true;\n        if (isIndexed && field.type !== 'foreignKey') {\n          indexedStiColumns.add(columnName);\n        }\n\n        columns[columnName] = columnDef;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Generate indexes. No `<table>_id_idx` — see generateSchemaFromRegistry.\n    const indexes: ManifestIndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    // Unique conflict index (default slug, context, _meta_type; custom or\n    // tenant-led per the root's config) — see generateSTISchemaFromRegistry.\n    this.emitStiConflictIndex(indexes, columns, tableName, config);\n\n    // Index on type column (for polymorphic queries)\n    indexes.push({\n      name: `${tableName}_meta_type_idx`,\n      columns: ['_meta_type'],\n    });\n\n    // Unique indexes for `@field({ unique: true })` columns (#2359, A4)\n    this.emitStiUniqueIndexes(\n      indexes,\n      uniqueColumnDeclarers,\n      baseKey,\n      tableName,\n    );\n\n    // Custom conflict columns replace the (slug, context, _meta_type) index,\n    // but slug loading still filters on slug/context (#2359, A7).\n    this.ensureSlugLookupIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // JSON-path indexes for @meta({ indexed: true }) fields\n    for (const fieldName of indexedMetaFields) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_meta_${this.toSnakeCase(fieldName)}_idx`,\n        columns: [],\n        jsonPath: { column: '_meta_data', path: fieldName },\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Plain column indexes for regular STI columns opted in via `indexed: true`\n    for (const colName of indexedStiColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Indexes declared on the STI base with `@smrt({ indexes: [...] })`\n    // (#2357), before the reference-column helper so a declared composite\n    // leading with a reference column suppresses the standalone auto index.\n    this.appendDeclaredIndexes(indexes, config?.indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // The default list page orders by created_at (#2363) — after the declared\n    // indexes, before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Polymorphic association owner lookup `(meta_type, meta_id)` (#2364,\n    // epic #2382 finding A3) — alongside the default-ordering composite,\n    // before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensurePolymorphicAssociationIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Reference columns (@foreignKey / @crossPackageRef / tenant_id) are\n    // always indexed (#2356, #2359). Runs last so every consumer of the\n    // structured `indexes` array (migrations, test databases, aggregation)\n    // creates them; the cached `ddl` string below is CREATE TABLE only and is\n    // not an executable representation of the table (#2358).\n    this.ensureReferenceColumnIndexes(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Last: nothing may lengthen a name after this (#2374).\n    enforceIdentifierLimits(tableName, indexes);\n\n    const schemaDefinition: SchemaDefinition = {\n      tableName,\n      columns: this.convertManifestColumnsToSchemaColumns(columns),\n      indexes: indexes.map((idx) => ({\n        name: idx.name,\n        columns: idx.columns,\n        unique: idx.unique,\n        where: idx.where,\n        jsonPath: idx.jsonPath,\n      })),\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: [],\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: '',\n      packageName: '',\n    };\n\n    const ddl = this.generateSQL(schemaDefinition);\n\n    // Generate version hash\n    const version = createHash('sha256')\n      .update(JSON.stringify({ columns, baseClassName, descendants }))\n      .digest('hex')\n      .substring(0, 8);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      ddl,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      version,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate CTI (Class Table Inheritance) schema from manifest data\n   *\n   * @param className - Class name\n   * @param tableName - Table name\n   * @param fields - Fields from the class\n   * @returns ManifestSchema for storage in manifest.json\n   */\n  generateCTISchemaFromManifest(\n    className: string,\n    tableName: string,\n    fields: Record<string, FieldDefinition>,\n    config?: SchemaGeneratorConfig,\n  ): ManifestSchema {\n    const columns: Record<string, ManifestColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    // Track regular columns opted into a plain index via `@field({ indexed: true })`.\n    // Mirrors the STI path (generateSTISchemaFromManifest) so CTI tables honor\n    // the documented `FieldOptions.indexed` flag too.\n    const indexedColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n    // Add default SMRT fields\n    columns.id = {\n      type: this.getIdColumnType(config),\n      primaryKey: true,\n      referenceKind: 'id',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.slug = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n    };\n\n    columns.context = {\n      type: 'TEXT',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: '',\n    };\n\n    // Timestamp fields\n    columns.created_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    columns.updated_at = {\n      type: 'TIMESTAMP',\n      notNull: true,\n      default: 'current_timestamp',\n    };\n\n    // Add class fields\n    for (const [fieldName, field] of Object.entries(fields)) {\n      // Skip transient fields\n      if (field.transient || field._meta?.transient) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip default fields already added\n      if (\n        fieldName === 'id' ||\n        fieldName === 'slug' ||\n        fieldName === 'context' ||\n        fieldName === 'created_at' ||\n        fieldName === 'createdAt' ||\n        fieldName === 'updated_at' ||\n        fieldName === 'updatedAt'\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip relationship fields that don't create columns\n      if (field.type === 'oneToMany' || field.type === 'manyToMany') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      // Skip meta fields\n      if (field.type === 'meta') {\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      const columnName = this.toSnakeCase(fieldName);\n      const sqlType = this.getRelationshipColumnType(field);\n\n      const columnDef: ManifestColumnDefinition = {\n        type: sqlType,\n        referenceKind: this.getReferenceKind(field),\n        notNull: field._meta?.nullable ? false : field.required || false,\n        unique: field._meta?.unique || false,\n      };\n\n      if (\n        field.default !== undefined &&\n        this.shouldEmitDefault(field, field.default)\n      ) {\n        columnDef.default = field.default;\n      }\n\n      // Opt-in plain column index. FK columns and unique columns get their own\n      // indexes, so skip those here.\n      const indexedField: RegistryField = field;\n      const isIndexed =\n        indexedField.indexed === true || field._meta?.indexed === true;\n      if (isIndexed && field.type !== 'foreignKey' && !columnDef.unique) {\n        indexedColumns.add(columnName);\n      }\n\n      columns[columnName] = columnDef;\n    }\n\n    // Generate indexes. No `<table>_id_idx` — see generateSchemaFromRegistry.\n    const indexes: ManifestIndexDefinition[] = [];\n\n    // Custom conflict columns if provided, otherwise slug+context — led by\n    // the tenant column on a tenant-scoped table, under the same stable\n    // index name (#2360).\n    const { conflictColumns, tenantColumn } = this.resolveConflictTarget(\n      'cti',\n      columns,\n      config,\n    );\n    if (!this.conflictColumnsArePrimaryKey(conflictColumns, columns)) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: conflictIndexName(tableName, conflictColumns, tenantColumn),\n        columns: conflictColumns,\n        unique: true,\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Custom conflict columns replace the (slug, context) index, but slug\n    // loading still filters on it (#2359, A7).\n    this.ensureSlugLookupIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Plain column indexes for regular columns opted in via `indexed: true`.\n    for (const colName of indexedColumns) {\n      indexes.push({\n        name: `${tableName}_${colName}_idx`,\n        columns: [colName],\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Indexes declared with `@smrt({ indexes: [...] })` (#2357), before the\n    // reference-column helper so a declared composite leading with a\n    // reference column suppresses the standalone auto index.\n    this.appendDeclaredIndexes(indexes, config?.indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // The default list page orders by created_at (#2363) — after the declared\n    // indexes, before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensureDefaultListOrderingIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Polymorphic association owner lookup `(meta_type, meta_id)` (#2364,\n    // epic #2382 finding A3) — alongside the default-ordering composite,\n    // before the reference-column pass.\n    this.ensurePolymorphicAssociationIndex(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Reference columns (@foreignKey / @crossPackageRef / tenant_id) are\n    // always indexed (#2356, #2359). Runs last so every consumer of the\n    // structured `indexes` array (migrations, test databases, aggregation)\n    // creates them; the cached `ddl` string below is CREATE TABLE only and is\n    // not an executable representation of the table (#2358).\n    this.ensureReferenceColumnIndexes(indexes, columns, tableName);\n\n    // Last: nothing may lengthen a name after this (#2374).\n    enforceIdentifierLimits(tableName, indexes);\n\n    const schemaDefinition: SchemaDefinition = {\n      tableName,\n      columns: this.convertManifestColumnsToSchemaColumns(columns),\n      indexes: indexes.map((idx) => ({\n        name: idx.name,\n        columns: idx.columns,\n        unique: idx.unique,\n        where: idx.where,\n        jsonPath: idx.jsonPath,\n      })),\n      triggers: [],\n      foreignKeys: [],\n      dependencies: [],\n      version: '',\n      packageName: '',\n    };\n\n    const ddl = this.generateSQL(schemaDefinition);\n\n    // Generate version hash\n    const version = createHash('sha256')\n      .update(JSON.stringify({ columns, className }))\n      .digest('hex')\n      .substring(0, 8);\n\n    return {\n      tableName,\n      ddl,\n      columns,\n      indexes,\n      version,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Resolve a class name (simple or qualified) to the key it is stored under\n   * in `manifest.objects`. Falls back to the input when the manifest does not\n   * carry the class (e.g. an external STI base absent from the aggregated\n   * manifest), so callers can keep using it as an opaque label.\n   */\n  private resolveManifestClassKey(\n    className: string,\n    manifest: SmartObjectManifest,\n  ): string {\n    if (manifest.objects[className]) return className;\n    const simpleName = className.includes(':')\n      ? className.slice(className.lastIndexOf(':') + 1)\n      : className;\n    for (const [key, obj] of Object.entries(manifest.objects)) {\n      if (obj.qualifiedName === className || obj.className === simpleName) {\n        return key;\n      }\n    }\n    return className;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Find all descendants of a class in the manifest\n   *\n   * Note: Manifest keys are now qualified names (@pkg:ClassName) but `extends` field\n   * stores simple PascalCase class names. We need to handle both qualified and simple\n   * name lookups.\n   *\n   * Issue #713: Updated to handle qualified names in manifest keys\n   */\n  private findDescendantsInManifest(\n    baseClassName: string,\n    manifest: SmartObjectManifest,\n    visited: Set<string> = new Set(),\n  ): string[] {\n    const descendants: string[] = [];\n\n    // Prevent infinite recursion (e.g., class extends same-named class from another package)\n    if (visited.has(baseClassName)) return descendants;\n    visited.add(baseClassName);\n\n    // Extract the simple class name from qualified name if needed\n    // e.g., '@happyvertical/smrt-core:PolyEvent' -> 'PolyEvent'\n    const simpleBaseClassName = baseClassName.includes(':')\n      ? baseClassName.split(':').pop() || baseClassName\n      : baseClassName;\n    const baseClassLower = simpleBaseClassName.toLowerCase();\n\n    for (const [name, obj] of Object.entries(manifest.objects)) {\n      // Skip self-references (class extending same-named class from another package)\n      if (\n        obj.className.toLowerCase() === baseClassLower &&\n        obj.extends?.toLowerCase() === baseClassLower\n      ) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      // obj.extends is a simple class name (e.g., 'PolyEvent')\n      // Compare with the simple (non-qualified) version of the base class name\n      if (obj.extends?.toLowerCase() === baseClassLower) {\n        descendants.push(name);\n        // Recursively find descendants of this class\n        // Pass the qualified name (manifest key) for recursive lookup\n        descendants.push(\n          ...this.findDescendantsInManifest(name, manifest, visited),\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    return descendants;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert ManifestColumnDefinition to ColumnDefinition\n   */\n  private convertManifestColumnsToSchemaColumns(\n    manifestColumns: Record<string, ManifestColumnDefinition>,\n  ): Record<string, ColumnDefinition> {\n    const columns: Record<string, ColumnDefinition> = {};\n\n    for (const [name, col] of Object.entries(manifestColumns)) {\n      columns[name] = {\n        type: col.type as SQLDataType,\n        primaryKey: col.primaryKey,\n        referenceKind: col.referenceKind,\n        notNull: col.notNull,\n        unique: col.unique,\n        defaultValue: col.default,\n      };\n    }\n\n    return columns;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert camelCase to snake_case\n   */\n  private toSnakeCase(str: string): string {\n    return str\n      .replace(/([A-Z])/g, '_$1')\n      .toLowerCase()\n      .replace(/^_/, '');\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate the CREATE TABLE statement for a schema definition.\n   *\n   * With an `engine` this delegates to that engine's DDL strategy. Without\n   * one it renders the engine-neutral preview stored in `schema.ddl` and\n   * `manifest.json`: abstract SQL types, no indexes, no triggers. That\n   * preview is NOT an executable representation of the table (#2358) —\n   * executable paths (`db:migrate`, `MigrationGenerator`, `SchemaAggregator`,\n   * `createIsolatedTestDbFromManifest`) render `schema.columns` and\n   * `schema.indexes` through `getDDLStrategy(engine)` instead.\n   *\n   * @param schema - Schema definition object\n   * @param engine - Optional target engine; omit for the neutral preview\n   * @returns SQL CREATE TABLE statement (no indexes)\n   */\n  generateSQL(schema: SchemaDefinition, engine?: DatabaseEngine): string {\n    if (engine) {\n      return getDDLStrategy(engine).generateCreateTable(schema);\n    }\n\n    const { tableName, columns } = schema;\n    let sql = `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${quoteIdentifier(tableName)} (\\n`;\n\n    for (const [columnName, columnDef] of Object.entries(columns)) {\n      const parts = [`  ${quoteIdentifier(columnName)} ${columnDef.type}`];\n\n      if (columnDef.primaryKey) {\n        parts.push('PRIMARY KEY');\n      }\n\n      if (columnDef.notNull) {\n        parts.push('NOT NULL');\n      }\n\n      if (columnDef.unique && !columnDef.primaryKey) {\n        parts.push('UNIQUE');\n      }\n\n      if (columnDef.defaultValue !== undefined) {\n        parts.push(\n          `DEFAULT ${this.formatDefaultValue(\n            columnDef.defaultValue,\n            columnDef.type,\n          )}`,\n        );\n      }\n\n      sql += `${parts.join(' ')},\\n`;\n    }\n\n    return `${sql.slice(0, -2)}\\n);`;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Format default value for SQL\n   *\n   * SQLite doesn't support CAST expressions in DEFAULT values (only literal values are allowed).\n   * This method generates DEFAULT values that work with both SQLite and DuckDB.\n   *\n   * @param value - Default value\n   * @param type - Column SQL type\n   * @returns Formatted SQL default value expression\n   */\n  private formatDefaultValue(value: unknown, type: SQLDataType): string {\n    // Delegate to the shared, injection-safe formatter so all DDL paths\n    // converge on one set of rules (allowlisted keyword/function defaults\n    // instead of \"contains `(`\", type-driven quoting, no string-\"null\" fold).\n    // This path is engine-agnostic and never emits CAST expressions, so the\n    // output stays valid for SQLite and DuckDB. Non-string TIMESTAMP defaults\n    // fall back to lowercase `current_timestamp` to preserve prior output.\n    return formatDefaultValueShared(value, type, {\n      nonStringTimestampDefault: 'current_timestamp',\n    });\n  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package/dist/schema/index-utils.d.ts

@@ -16,4 +16,124 @@ export declare function renderIndexTarget(index: Pick<IndexDefinition, 'columns'
  * True if the index has a valid jsonPath target.
  */
 export declare function isJsonPathIndex(index: Pick<IndexDefinition, 'jsonPath'>): boolean;
+/**
+ * True for a UNIQUE index whose predicate scopes it to one STI subtype
+ * (`WHERE _meta_type = '<qualified class>'`) — the shape `SchemaGenerator`
+ * emits for `@field({ unique: true })` declared only on an STI descendant
+ * (#2359).
+ *
+ * Engines without partial indexes (DuckDB, and the JSON adapter it backs)
+ * degrade an ordinary partial index to a full index, and a caller-declared
+ * partial UNIQUE (`WHERE active = TRUE`) to a full UNIQUE — a stricter but
+ * intended approximation. This shape is the exception: widening it would
+ * enforce one subtype's uniqueness across every sibling's rows in the shared
+ * table, so those engines skip it instead. Kept here so the DDL strategy and
+ * the migration differ apply the same test.
+ */
+export declare function isStiSubtypeUniqueIndex(index: Pick<IndexDefinition, 'unique' | 'where'>): boolean;
+/**
+ * The strictest identifier length any SMRT-supported engine imposes: 63 bytes.
+ *
+ * PostgreSQL compiles with `NAMEDATALEN = 64`, so every table, column, index,
+ * constraint and trigger name is silently truncated to 63 **bytes** (not
+ * characters — the limit is on the UTF-8 encoding). SQLite and DuckDB have no
+ * practical limit, which is exactly why the overflow went unnoticed: a name
+ * that works in every test truncates in production (#2374, finding C5).
+ *
+ * Silent truncation is not merely cosmetic. `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS` on a
+ * name whose first 63 bytes match an existing index is a no-op, so a second
+ * index that differs only past byte 63 is never created; the migration differ
+ * then finds it missing on every run and emits `add_index` forever. The shipped
+ * `content_contribution_revisions_contribution_id_revision_number_idx` (66
+ * bytes) is the concrete case — only the differ's signature-equivalence check
+ * kept it from looping.
+ */
+export declare const MAX_IDENTIFIER_BYTES = 63;
+/**
+ * Byte length of `value` when encoded as UTF-8 — what PostgreSQL counts.
+ *
+ * Hand-rolled rather than `Buffer.byteLength` / `TextEncoder`: this module is
+ * re-exported from `schema/utils.ts`, which exists precisely to keep Node-only
+ * code out of browser builds, and allocating an encoder per identifier check
+ * would be wasteful besides.
+ */
+export declare function identifierByteLength(value: string): number;
+/**
+ * Shorten a **generated** identifier to fit {@link MAX_IDENTIFIER_BYTES},
+ * deterministically and reversibly-by-inspection.
+ *
+ * A name that already fits is returned unchanged — the overwhelming majority,
+ * so existing databases see no churn. An over-long name becomes
+ * `<head>_<digest><suffix>`, where `suffix` is the recognisable trailing token
+ * (`_idx`, `_unique_idx`, …) when one is present and there is room for it, and
+ * `head` is the longest prefix of the remainder that leaves the digest room.
+ *
+ * The digest is taken over the **full original name**, so two names that share
+ * a 63-byte prefix — the case PostgreSQL would collapse into one index — get
+ * different digests and stay distinct.
+ *
+ * Only generator-owned names go through here. A developer's own name
+ * (`@smrt({ indexes: [{ name }] })`) is validated with
+ * {@link assertIdentifierFits} instead: silently renaming what someone wrote by
+ * hand would be worse than refusing it.
+ *
+ * @param name - The generated identifier
+ * @param maxBytes - Override the limit (tests; defaults to the PostgreSQL one)
+ * @returns `name` when it fits, otherwise its deterministic short form
+ * @throws When `maxBytes` is too small to hold even a digest — the one case
+ *   where shortening is genuinely impossible
+ * @example
+ * // 66 bytes → 63
+ * shortenIdentifier('content_contribution_revisions_contribution_id_revision_number_idx')
+ */
+export declare function shortenIdentifier(name: string, maxBytes?: number): string;
+/**
+ * Reject a **hand-declared index name** that cannot survive PostgreSQL.
+ *
+ * Scoped deliberately narrowly — to names SMRT neither owns nor ever compares
+ * loosely. A declared index name is both: the generator may not rewrite what a
+ * developer wrote, and `SchemaComparer` matches indexes **by name** first, so a
+ * 70-byte declaration can never match the 63-byte index PostgreSQL actually
+ * stored and `db:migrate` would emit `add_index` for it on every run, forever.
+ *
+ * This does NOT apply to table or column names, and deliberately so. PostgreSQL
+ * truncates identifiers *consistently on every reference* — `CREATE TABLE
+ * "<80 bytes>"` and a later `SELECT ... FROM "<the same 80 bytes>"` both resolve
+ * to the same stored 63-byte name — so a single long table name round-trips
+ * fine end to end. `smrt-users` relies on exactly that: it ships an intentional
+ * 80-byte `@smrt({ tableName })` and generates unique Postgres RLS policy names
+ * from it. Erroring there would break a supported, tested case for no safety
+ * gain; the collision hazard that remains is a name the developer chose, not
+ * one the generator manufactured.
+ *
+ * @param name - The identifier to check
+ * @param kind - What it is, for the message (`Declared index`, …)
+ * @param context - Where it came from (`table "x"`), for the message
+ * @param maxBytes - Override the limit (tests)
+ * @throws When `name` exceeds the limit
+ */
+export declare function assertIdentifierFits(name: string, kind: string, context: string, maxBytes?: number): void;
+/**
+ * Apply the identifier guard to one generated schema, in place.
+ *
+ * Call this as the LAST step of every schema path, after every index pass has
+ * run, so it sees the final set. Shortening is safe to do here rather than at
+ * each `indexes.push()`: the digest is taken over the full original name, so
+ * two entries that were distinct before shortening stay distinct after, and the
+ * "does this name already exist" dedupe the passes perform upstream is
+ * unaffected.
+ *
+ * Only index names are touched. The table name is taken as given — see
+ * {@link assertIdentifierFits} on why a long table name is not an error — and
+ * is used solely to build the collision message. Note that an over-long table
+ * name still yields *in-limit, distinct* index names, because the shortening
+ * runs over the whole composed name.
+ *
+ * @param tableName - The table these indexes belong to, for the message
+ * @param indexes - The generated index list (names are shortened in place)
+ * @throws When shortening two index names produces a collision
+ */
+export declare function enforceIdentifierLimits(tableName: string, indexes: Array<{
+    name: string;
+}>): void;
 //# sourceMappingURL=index-utils.d.ts.map

package/dist/schema/index-utils.d.ts.map

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