@graphty/algorithms 1.0.1 → 1.1.0

package/src/flow/min-cut.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+/**
+ * Minimum Cut Algorithms
+ *
+ * Various algorithms for finding minimum cuts in graphs
+ */
+
+import {fordFulkerson} from "./ford-fulkerson.js";
+
+export interface MinCutResult {
+    cutValue: number;
+    partition1: Set<string>;
+    partition2: Set<string>;
+    cutEdges: {from: string, to: string, weight: number}[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find minimum s-t cut using max flow
+ * The minimum cut value equals the maximum flow value (max-flow min-cut theorem)
+ *
+ * @param graph - Weighted graph
+ * @param source - Source node
+ * @param sink - Sink node
+ * @returns Minimum cut information
+ *
+ * Time Complexity: Same as max flow algorithm used
+ */
+export function minSTCut(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+    source: string,
+    sink: string,
+): MinCutResult {
+    const flowResult = fordFulkerson(graph, source, sink);
+
+    if (!flowResult.minCut) {
+        return {
+            cutValue: 0,
+            partition1: new Set(),
+            partition2: new Set(),
+            cutEdges: [],
+        };
+    }
+
+    const cutEdges: {from: string, to: string, weight: number}[] = [];
+
+    // Find actual cut edges and their weights
+    for (const [u, v] of flowResult.minCut.edges) {
+        const weight = graph.get(u)?.get(v) ?? 0;
+        if (weight > 0) {
+            cutEdges.push({from: u, to: v, weight});
+        }
+    }
+
+    return {
+        cutValue: flowResult.maxFlow,
+        partition1: flowResult.minCut.source,
+        partition2: flowResult.minCut.sink,
+        cutEdges,
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stoer-Wagner algorithm for finding global minimum cut
+ * Finds the minimum cut that separates the graph into two parts
+ *
+ * @param graph - Undirected weighted graph
+ * @returns Global minimum cut
+ *
+ * Time Complexity: O(V³) or O(VE + V² log V) with heap
+ */
+export function stoerWagner(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+): MinCutResult {
+    // Convert to undirected if necessary
+    const undirectedGraph = makeUndirected(graph);
+
+    if (undirectedGraph.size < 2) {
+        return {
+            cutValue: 0,
+            partition1: new Set(undirectedGraph.keys()),
+            partition2: new Set(),
+            cutEdges: [],
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Initialize
+    const nodes = Array.from(undirectedGraph.keys());
+    let minCutValue = Infinity;
+    let bestPartition = new Set<string>();
+    const contractionMap = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+
+    // Initialize contraction map
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+        contractionMap.set(node, new Set([node]));
+    }
+
+    // Contract graph V-1 times
+    while (nodes.length > 1) {
+        const cut = minimumCutPhase(undirectedGraph, nodes);
+
+        if (cut.value < minCutValue) {
+            minCutValue = cut.value;
+            // Store the actual nodes that would be in partition with t
+            const cutTNodes = contractionMap.get(cut.t);
+            if (cutTNodes) {
+                bestPartition = new Set(cutTNodes);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Contract the last two nodes
+        const tNodes = contractionMap.get(cut.t);
+        const sNodes = contractionMap.get(cut.s);
+        if (!tNodes || !sNodes) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (const node of tNodes) {
+            sNodes.add(node);
+        }
+        contractionMap.delete(cut.t);
+
+        contractNodes(undirectedGraph, nodes, cut.s, cut.t);
+    }
+
+    // Build result
+    const partition1 = bestPartition;
+    const partition2 = new Set<string>();
+
+    for (const node of graph.keys()) {
+        if (!partition1.has(node)) {
+            partition2.add(node);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Find cut edges
+    const cutEdges: {from: string, to: string, weight: number}[] = [];
+    for (const u of partition1) {
+        const neighbors = graph.get(u);
+        if (neighbors) {
+            for (const [v, weight] of neighbors) {
+                if (partition2.has(v)) {
+                    cutEdges.push({from: u, to: v, weight});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return {
+        cutValue: minCutValue,
+        partition1,
+        partition2,
+        cutEdges,
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Minimum cut phase of Stoer-Wagner algorithm
+ */
+function minimumCutPhase(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+    nodes: string[],
+): {s: string, t: string, value: number, partition: string[]} {
+    const n = nodes.length;
+    const weight = new Map<string, number>();
+    const added = new Set<string>();
+    const order: string[] = [];
+
+    // Initialize weights to 0
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+        weight.set(node, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Start with arbitrary node
+    let lastAdded = nodes[0];
+    if (!lastAdded) {
+        return {s: "", t: "", value: 0, partition: []};
+    }
+
+    added.add(lastAdded);
+    order.push(lastAdded);
+
+    // Add remaining nodes
+    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    // Update weights
+        if (!lastAdded) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const neighbors = graph.get(lastAdded);
+        if (neighbors) {
+            for (const [neighbor, w] of neighbors) {
+                if (!added.has(neighbor) && nodes.includes(neighbor)) {
+                    const currentWeight = weight.get(neighbor);
+                    if (currentWeight !== undefined) {
+                        weight.set(neighbor, currentWeight + w);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Find maximum weight node not yet added
+        let maxWeight = -1;
+        let maxNode = "";
+
+        for (const node of nodes) {
+            const nodeWeight = weight.get(node);
+            if (!added.has(node) && nodeWeight !== undefined && nodeWeight > maxWeight) {
+                maxWeight = nodeWeight;
+                maxNode = node;
+            }
+        }
+
+        added.add(maxNode);
+        order.push(maxNode);
+        lastAdded = maxNode;
+    }
+
+    const s = order[order.length - 2];
+    const t = order[order.length - 1];
+    if (!s || !t) {
+        return {s: "", t: "", value: 0, partition: []};
+    }
+
+    const cutValue = weight.get(t) ?? 0;
+
+    // Partition is all nodes except t
+    const partition = order.slice(0, -1);
+
+    return {s, t, value: cutValue, partition};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Contract two nodes in the graph
+ */
+function contractNodes(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+    nodes: string[],
+    s: string,
+    t: string,
+): void {
+    // Merge t into s
+    const sNeighbors = graph.get(s);
+    const tNeighbors = graph.get(t);
+    if (!sNeighbors || !tNeighbors) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Add t's edges to s
+    for (const [neighbor, weight] of tNeighbors) {
+        if (neighbor !== s) {
+            sNeighbors.set(neighbor, (sNeighbors.get(neighbor) ?? 0) + weight);
+
+            // Update neighbor's edge to point to s instead of t
+            const neighborEdges = graph.get(neighbor);
+            if (neighborEdges?.has(t)) {
+                neighborEdges.delete(t);
+                neighborEdges.set(s, (neighborEdges.get(s) ?? 0) + weight);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Remove t from graph
+    graph.delete(t);
+    sNeighbors.delete(t);
+
+    // Remove t from nodes array
+    const index = nodes.indexOf(t);
+    if (index > -1) {
+        nodes.splice(index, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert directed graph to undirected
+ */
+function makeUndirected(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+): Map<string, Map<string, number>> {
+    const undirected = new Map<string, Map<string, number>>();
+
+    // Initialize all nodes
+    for (const node of graph.keys()) {
+        undirected.set(node, new Map());
+    }
+
+    // Add edges in both directions
+    for (const [u, neighbors] of graph) {
+        for (const [v, weight] of neighbors) {
+            const uNeighbors = undirected.get(u);
+            if (uNeighbors) {
+                uNeighbors.set(v, weight);
+            }
+
+            if (!undirected.has(v)) {
+                undirected.set(v, new Map());
+            }
+
+            const vNeighbors = undirected.get(v);
+            if (vNeighbors) {
+                vNeighbors.set(u, weight);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return undirected;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Karger's randomized min-cut algorithm
+ * Probabilistic algorithm that finds min cut with high probability
+ *
+ * @param graph - Undirected graph
+ * @param iterations - Number of iterations (higher = better accuracy)
+ * @returns Minimum cut found
+ *
+ * Time Complexity: O(V² * iterations)
+ */
+export function kargerMinCut(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+    iterations = 100,
+): MinCutResult {
+    let minCutValue = Infinity;
+    let bestPartition1 = new Set<string>();
+    let bestPartition2 = new Set<string>();
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+        const result = kargerSingleRun(graph);
+
+        if (result.cutValue < minCutValue) {
+            minCutValue = result.cutValue;
+            bestPartition1 = result.partition1;
+            bestPartition2 = result.partition2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Find cut edges
+    const cutEdges: {from: string, to: string, weight: number}[] = [];
+    for (const u of bestPartition1) {
+        const neighbors = graph.get(u);
+        if (neighbors) {
+            for (const [v, weight] of neighbors) {
+                if (bestPartition2.has(v)) {
+                    cutEdges.push({from: u, to: v, weight});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return {
+        cutValue: minCutValue,
+        partition1: bestPartition1,
+        partition2: bestPartition2,
+        cutEdges,
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Single run of Karger's algorithm
+ */
+function kargerSingleRun(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+): {cutValue: number, partition1: Set<string>, partition2: Set<string>} {
+    // Create a copy of the graph
+    const workGraph = new Map<string, Map<string, number>>();
+    const superNodes = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+
+    // Initialize
+    for (const [node, neighbors] of graph) {
+        workGraph.set(node, new Map(neighbors));
+        superNodes.set(node, new Set([node]));
+    }
+
+    // Contract until 2 nodes remain
+    while (workGraph.size > 2) {
+    // Pick random edge
+        const edges: [string, string, number][] = [];
+        for (const [u, neighbors] of workGraph) {
+            for (const [v, weight] of neighbors) {
+                if (u < v) { // Avoid duplicates
+                    edges.push([u, v, weight]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (edges.length === 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        const randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * edges.length);
+        const edge = edges[randomIndex];
+        if (!edge) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const [u, v] = edge;
+
+        // Contract edge
+        if (u && v) {
+            contractKarger(workGraph, superNodes, u, v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Calculate cut value
+    const nodes = Array.from(workGraph.keys());
+    if (nodes.length < 2) {
+        return {
+            cutValue: 0,
+            partition1: new Set(),
+            partition2: new Set(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    const node1 = nodes[0];
+    const node2 = nodes[1];
+    if (!node1 || !node2) {
+        return {
+            cutValue: 0,
+            partition1: new Set(),
+            partition2: new Set(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    const cutValue = workGraph.get(node1)?.get(node2) ?? 0;
+
+    return {
+        cutValue,
+        partition1: superNodes.get(node1) ?? new Set(),
+        partition2: superNodes.get(node2) ?? new Set(),
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Contract edge in Karger's algorithm
+ */
+function contractKarger(
+    graph: Map<string, Map<string, number>>,
+    superNodes: Map<string, Set<string>>,
+    u: string,
+    v: string,
+): void {
+    // Merge v into u
+    const uNeighbors = graph.get(u);
+    const vNeighbors = graph.get(v);
+    if (!uNeighbors || !vNeighbors) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Merge supernodes
+    const uSuper = superNodes.get(u);
+    const vSuper = superNodes.get(v);
+    if (!uSuper || !vSuper) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const node of vSuper) {
+        uSuper.add(node);
+    }
+
+    // Merge edges
+    for (const [neighbor, weight] of vNeighbors) {
+        if (neighbor !== u) {
+            uNeighbors.set(neighbor, (uNeighbors.get(neighbor) ?? 0) + weight);
+
+            // Update neighbor's edges
+            const neighborEdges = graph.get(neighbor);
+            if (neighborEdges) {
+                neighborEdges.delete(v);
+                if (neighbor !== u) {
+                    neighborEdges.set(u, (neighborEdges.get(u) ?? 0) + weight);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Remove self-loops
+    uNeighbors.delete(u);
+    uNeighbors.delete(v);
+
+    // Remove v
+    graph.delete(v);
+    superNodes.delete(v);
+}
+

package/src/index.ts

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ export type {
     ComponentResult,
     DijkstraOptions,
     Edge,
+    FloydWarshallResult,
     GirvanNewmanOptions,
     GraphConfig,
     LouvainOptions,
+    MSTResult,
     Node,
     NodeId,
     PageRankOptions,