@glw907/cairn-cms 0.57.1 → 0.59.0

package/src/lib/sveltekit/content-routes.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ import { mediaLibraryEntry } from '../media/library-entry.js';
 import type { MediaLibrary, MediaLibraryEntry } from '../media/library-entry.js';
 import { buildUsageIndex } from '../media/usage.js';
 import type { UsageEntry } from '../media/usage.js';
+import { runReconcile, MEDIA_KEY_RE, type ReconcileBucket } from '../media/reconcile.js';
+import { buildOrphanScan, type OrphanScan } from '../media/orphan-scan.js';
+import { repointMediaRef, fillAltForHash } from '../content/media-rewrite.js';
+import type { RepointPlacement, AltPlacement } from '../content/media-rewrite.js';
+import { planMediaRewrite } from '../media/rewrite-plan.js';
+import type { BranchRef } from '../media/rewrite-plan.js';
+import { planBulkDelete } from '../media/bulk-delete-plan.js';
+import type { BulkDeleteSkip } from '../media/bulk-delete-plan.js';
 import type { CookieJar, EventBase } from './types.js';
 import type { CairnRuntime, ConceptDescriptor, FrontmatterField, PreviewConfig, ResolvedPreview } from '../content/types.js';
 import type { Editor, Role } from '../auth/types.js';
@@ -157,8 +165,10 @@ export interface MediaLibraryData {
    *  redirected commit conflict never overwrite each other. */
   error: string | null;
   /** The success flash a redirected action carries: `deleted` from `?deleted=1`, `updated` from
-   *  `?updated=1`, null otherwise. The component renders a polite success strip for each. */
-  flash: 'deleted' | 'updated' | null;
+   *  `?updated=1`, `replaced` from `?replaced=1`, `altPropagated` from `?altPropagated=1`,
+   *  `bulkDeleted` from `?bulkDeleted=1`, `orphansPurged` from `?orphansPurged=1`, null otherwise.
+   *  The component renders a polite success strip for each. */
+  flash: 'deleted' | 'updated' | 'replaced' | 'altPropagated' | 'bulkDeleted' | 'orphansPurged' | null;
   /** A redirected action's conflict error read from `?error=` (a commit-conflict bounce). Kept in
    *  its own slot rather than the degraded-load `error` above, so the two never collide. */
   flashError: string | null;
@@ -226,12 +236,112 @@ export interface MediaUpdateFailure {
   error: string;
 }
 
+/** A refused media replace: `fail(409)` when a fresh usage read finds the asset still in use and the
+ *  typed-slug override was not given, or `fail(503)` when usage cannot be verified (fail closed) or the
+ *  bucket is unbound. Mirrors MediaDeleteRefusal: the asset hash, the where-used rows, and the count. */
+export interface MediaReplaceFailure {
+  error: string;
+  hash: string;
+  usage: UsageEntry[];
+  foundIn: number;
+}
+
+/** A refused media alt-propagation: `fail(503)` when usage cannot be verified across main and every
+ *  open branch (fail closed), or the bucket is unbound. Just the one-line summary; alt fill has no
+ *  typed-slug gate. */
+export interface MediaAltPropagateFailure {
+  error: string;
+}
+
+/** A refused media bulk delete or orphan purge: `fail(503)` for the fail-closed strict-usage refusal
+ *  (the whole batch refuses) or media-off / a missing bucket binding. The per-item outcomes ride the
+ *  returned summary, not a fail. */
+export interface MediaBulkFailure {
+  error: string;
+}
+
+/** The bulk-delete outcome the component renders: the deleted hashes, the skipped rows from the
+ *  partition (with their reason and where-used), and any per-object R2 delete failure. Admin-internal,
+ *  not on the package subpath, so no reference page. */
+export interface MediaBulkDeleteResult {
+  deleted: string[];
+  skipped: BulkDeleteSkip[];
+  failed: { hash: string; error: string }[];
+}
+
+/** The orphan-purge outcome: the purged R2 keys, the keys skipped because their hash was claimed by a
+ *  manifest row since the scan, and any per-object delete failure. Admin-internal, no reference page. */
+export interface MediaOrphanPurgeResult {
+  purged: string[];
+  skippedClaimed: string[];
+  failed: { key: string; error: string }[];
+}
+
+/** One entry the replace preview will rewrite, enriched with its display title and permalink from the
+ *  content manifest (the planner's PlannedEntry carries neither). The screen lists these as the
+ *  confirm dialog's where-touched preview, and the apply re-derives its own plan rather than trusting
+ *  this. Admin-internal: exported from content-routes for the bundled Media Library component, not
+ *  added to the package's sveltekit subpath, so it carries no reference page. */
+export interface MediaReplacePreviewEntry {
+  /** The concept id, e.g. "posts". */
+  concept: string;
+  /** The entry id (its filename stem). */
+  id: string;
+  /** The entry's display title, from the content manifest. */
+  title: string;
+  /** The entry's public permalink, from the content manifest. */
+  permalink?: string;
+  /** The per-reference diff for this entry: one placement per repointed `media:` token. */
+  placements: RepointPlacement[];
+}
+
+/** The replace preview plan: the affected main entries (enriched), the distinct affected count, and
+ *  the report-only cross-branch delta (open cairn/* branches that reference the same bytes; an apply
+ *  rewrites main only). Display-only: the apply re-derives a fresh plan and never trusts this. */
+export interface MediaReplacePreviewPlan {
+  affectedCount: number;
+  entries: MediaReplacePreviewEntry[];
+  branchDelta: BranchRef[];
+}
+
+/** One entry the alt-propagation preview reports, enriched with its display title and permalink from
+ *  the content manifest. Its placements carry every reference of the asset on this entry, each tagged
+ *  with the bucket it falls in (a will-fill, a customized alt left as-is, or a decorative hero), so
+ *  the screen can show what would change. Admin-internal: exported from content-routes for the bundled
+ *  Media Library component, not added to the package's sveltekit subpath, so it carries no reference
+ *  page. */
+export interface MediaAltPreviewEntry {
+  /** The concept id, e.g. "posts". */
+  concept: string;
+  /** The entry id (its filename stem). */
+  id: string;
+  /** The entry's display title, from the content manifest. */
+  title: string;
+  /** The entry's public permalink, from the content manifest. */
+  permalink?: string;
+  /** The per-reference diff for this entry: one placement per reference of the asset. */
+  placements: AltPlacement[];
+}
+
+/** The alt-propagation preview plan: every entry that references the asset (enriched), the report-only
+ *  cross-branch delta, and the bucket counts aggregated across every placement. Display-only: the
+ *  apply re-derives a fresh plan and never trusts this. The preview reports an entry even when its
+ *  only placements are reported-but-unchanged (a kept custom alt, a decorative hero), so the screen
+ *  can show every bucket; the apply commits only the entries it actually changes. */
+export interface MediaAltPreviewPlan {
+  entries: MediaAltPreviewEntry[];
+  branchDelta: BranchRef[];
+  /** The placement counts by bucket, summed across all entries. */
+  counts: { willFill: number; customized: number; decorativeSkipped: number };
+}
+
 /** What a route's single `form` export presents to a view component: whichever content action
  *  last failed, merged with every field optional. `error` is always set on a failure; the richer
  *  keys identify which guard refused. The media refusals ride here too, so the Media Library's one
- *  `form` prop carries a `?/mediaDelete` or `?/mediaUpdate` refusal without a second type. */
+ *  `form` prop carries a `?/mediaDelete`, `?/mediaUpdate`, `?/mediaReplace`, or `?/mediaAltPropagate`
+ *  refusal without a second type. */
 export type ContentFormFailure = Partial<
-  SaveFailure & DeleteRefusal & RenameFailure & MediaDeleteRefusal & MediaUpdateFailure
+  SaveFailure & DeleteRefusal & RenameFailure & MediaDeleteRefusal & MediaUpdateFailure & MediaReplaceFailure & MediaAltPropagateFailure & MediaBulkFailure
 >;
 
 /** The successful upload's response (`uploadAction`). The server-owned `record` rides the editor's
@@ -463,6 +573,10 @@ export function createContentRoutes(runtime: CairnRuntime, deps: ContentRoutesDe
     let flash: MediaLibraryData['flash'] = null;
     if (event.url.searchParams.get('deleted') === '1') flash = 'deleted';
     else if (event.url.searchParams.get('updated') === '1') flash = 'updated';
+    else if (event.url.searchParams.get('replaced') === '1') flash = 'replaced';
+    else if (event.url.searchParams.get('altPropagated') === '1') flash = 'altPropagated';
+    else if (event.url.searchParams.get('bulkDeleted') === '1') flash = 'bulkDeleted';
+    else if (event.url.searchParams.get('orphansPurged') === '1') flash = 'orphansPurged';
     const flashError = event.url.searchParams.get('error');
     let token: string;
     try {
@@ -1410,6 +1524,263 @@ export function createContentRoutes(runtime: CairnRuntime, deps: ContentRoutesDe
     throw redirect(303, '/admin/media?deleted=1');
   }
 
+  /** Bulk safe-delete a multi-select of committed media assets. This is mediaDeleteAction extended to
+   *  many items, with the same safety primitives and one rule that defines the batch: the gate is ONE
+   *  shared strict cross-branch usage index built per batch, never N per-item reads (N strict reads
+   *  would blow the workerd connection budget at many open branches). The fail-closed posture is for
+   *  the WHOLE batch: if that single strict index cannot complete, the action refuses everything and
+   *  commits nothing, rather than risk deleting bytes a branch still references.
+   *
+   *  Skip-and-report, never force: the pure planBulkDelete partitions the selection against the strict
+   *  index into deletable (no usage row, a committed manifest row exists), skipped-still-referenced (a
+   *  usage row, carried for the where-used), and skipped-uncommitted (no manifest row). An in-use item
+   *  is skipped and reported, never bulk-force-deleted; forced in-use deletion stays the single-item
+   *  typed-slug path.
+   *
+   *  The order is load-bearing, mirroring single delete: ONE atomic commit removes every deletable row
+   *  FIRST, then the R2 objects are deleted (commit-row-then-delete-R2). A failure after the commit
+   *  leaves bytes with no row (a benign orphan) rather than a row pointing at deleted bytes. Each R2
+   *  delete is best-effort and batch-resilient: a per-object error is reported in `failed` and never
+   *  aborts the rest of the batch. The result is an itemized 207-style summary the component renders
+   *  (deleted / skipped with reasons / failed); there is no success redirect. */
+  async function mediaBulkDelete(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | MediaBulkDeleteResult> {
+    const editor = requireSession(event);
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+
+    // Read the selected hashes from the form. Accept the repeated `hash` field, falling back to a JSON
+    // `hashes` array. Each value must match the 16-hex content-hash grammar; a malformed value is
+    // dropped silently rather than surfaced as a skip (it was never a real selection).
+    const form = await event.request.formData();
+    let raw = form.getAll('hash').map(String);
+    if (raw.length === 0) {
+      const json = form.get('hashes');
+      if (typeof json === 'string') {
+        try {
+          const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(json);
+          if (Array.isArray(parsed)) raw = parsed.map(String);
+        } catch {
+          raw = [];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    const selected = raw.filter((h) => MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(h));
+
+    // Read the fresh media manifest (the deletable rows come from here, by hash).
+    const manifest = parseMediaManifest(parseMediaJson(await readRaw(runtime.backend, runtime.mediaManifestPath, token)));
+
+    // Resolve the R2 bucket before any write, so a media-off site or a missing binding refuses before
+    // the commit, exactly like single delete.
+    const resolved = runtime.resolvedAssets;
+    if (!resolved.enabled) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Media is not enabled for this site.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+    const platformEnv = (event.platform as { env?: Record<string, unknown> } | undefined)?.env ?? {};
+    const rawBucket = platformEnv[resolved.bucketBinding];
+    if (!rawBucket) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'The media bucket is not bound.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+    const store = r2Store(rawBucket as R2Bucket);
+
+    // THE fail-closed gate for the whole batch: one shared strict usage index. STRICT mode rethrows a
+    // branch-read failure, so a transient branch read failing refuses the whole batch rather than
+    // mistaking a still-referenced asset for an orphan. Build exactly one index, never one per item.
+    let index: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof buildUsageIndex>>;
+    try {
+      index = await buildUsageIndex(runtime.backend, token, runtime.concepts, await readManifest(token), { strict: true });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Could not verify where these assets are used. Try again.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+
+    // The pure partition: membership in the fresh strict index is the gate, never the display count.
+    const plan = planBulkDelete(selected, index, manifest);
+    // An all-skipped or empty batch is a no-op success: nothing committed, nothing deleted.
+    if (plan.deletable.length === 0) {
+      return { deleted: [], skipped: plan.skipped, failed: [] } satisfies MediaBulkDeleteResult;
+    }
+
+    // ONE atomic commit removing EVERY deletable row, folded over removeMediaEntry.
+    let next = manifest;
+    for (const hash of plan.deletable) next = removeMediaEntry(next, hash);
+    const commitFields = { concept: 'media', id: 'bulk', editor: editor.email };
+    try {
+      await commitFiles(
+        runtime.backend,
+        [{ path: runtime.mediaManifestPath, content: serializeMediaManifest(next) }],
+        { message: `Delete ${plan.deletable.length} media assets`, author: { name: editor.displayName, email: editor.email } },
+        token,
+      );
+      log.info('commit.succeeded', commitFields);
+    } catch (err) {
+      commitFailure(commitFields, err, '/admin/media',
+        'The media manifest changed since you opened it. Reload and try again.');
+    }
+
+    // THEN delete each deletable hash's R2 object (the load-bearing order, see the docstring). Best
+    // effort and batch-resilient: a thrown key derivation or a delete error is reported in `failed`
+    // and the loop continues. An absent object is a no-op (the R2 contract).
+    const deleted: string[] = [];
+    const failed: { hash: string; error: string }[] = [];
+    for (const hash of plan.deletable) {
+      try {
+        const row = manifest[hash];
+        await store.delete(r2Key(row.hash, row.ext));
+        deleted.push(hash);
+      } catch (err) {
+        failed.push({ hash, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
+      }
+    }
+
+    log.info('media.bulk_deleted', { editor: editor.email, deleted: deleted.length, skipped: plan.skipped.length });
+    return { deleted, skipped: plan.skipped, failed } satisfies MediaBulkDeleteResult;
+  }
+
+  /** The on-demand orphan scan: a read-only reconcile of stored R2 bytes against the manifest, joined
+   *  with one strict cross-branch usage index for the broken-reference where-used. It runs only when
+   *  requested, never on the loaded index, because it is heavier than the load path: a full R2 list
+   *  plus a reconcile pass on top of the strict usage build.
+   *
+   *  Detection-time fail-closed: BOTH the reconcile and the strict usage build run inside one
+   *  try/catch, and any throw refuses the whole scan with fail(503) rather than returning a partial
+   *  result. The reconcile must not run on a half-listed bucket: a truncated R2 list would call
+   *  still-stored bytes orphaned. The strict usage build must not run on a half-read branch set: an
+   *  unread branch would make a branch-referenced asset look orphaned. A wrong orphan verdict here
+   *  feeds the irreversible purge, so the scan refuses rather than risk it.
+   *
+   *  The result is the OrphanScan projection: orphanedBytes (stored keys with no manifest row, the
+   *  purge surface) and brokenRefs (manifest rows whose bytes are gone, read-only, shown with their
+   *  where-used so an operator can re-ingest rather than purge a still-referenced record). */
+  async function mediaOrphanScan(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | OrphanScan> {
+    requireSession(event);
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+
+    // Resolve the R2 binding. The reconcile lists the raw bucket directly, so keep the raw binding;
+    // the MediaStore seam carries no list. A media-off site or a missing binding refuses the scan.
+    const resolved = runtime.resolvedAssets;
+    if (!resolved.enabled) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Media is not enabled for this site.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+    const platformEnv = (event.platform as { env?: Record<string, unknown> } | undefined)?.env ?? {};
+    const rawBucket = platformEnv[resolved.bucketBinding];
+    if (!rawBucket) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'The media bucket is not bound.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Read the fresh media manifest for the reconcile's manifest side.
+    const manifest = parseMediaManifest(parseMediaJson(await readRaw(runtime.backend, runtime.mediaManifestPath, token)));
+
+    // THE detection-time fail-closed surface. The reconcile (an R2 list that must complete in full)
+    // and the strict usage build (a branch read that must complete in full) are both unsafe to use
+    // partially, so either throwing refuses the scan. A wrong orphan verdict from a partial read here
+    // would feed the irreversible purge.
+    let reconcile: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof runReconcile>>;
+    let index: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof buildUsageIndex>>;
+    try {
+      reconcile = await runReconcile(rawBucket as unknown as ReconcileBucket, manifest);
+      index = await buildUsageIndex(runtime.backend, token, runtime.concepts, await readManifest(token), { strict: true });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Could not check where files are used, so the scan was not run. Try again.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+
+    return buildOrphanScan(reconcile, manifest, index);
+  }
+
+  /** Purge orphaned R2 bytes: the one IRREVERSIBLE media action. Raw object bytes live only in R2, not
+   *  in git, so a purged orphan cannot be recovered the way a deleted manifest row can be reverted in
+   *  history. The whole action is built around that fact.
+   *
+   *  The typed-count confirm is the never-bypassable gate, the analogue of single delete's typed-slug
+   *  check. The form's `confirm` must equal the count of selected keys (the approved rev.2 mockup's
+   *  "Type N to purge these files for good"); an empty selection or a mismatched count deletes nothing.
+   *
+   *  Re-derive fresh is the safety crux. The selection came from an earlier scan, so the action does
+   *  NOT trust it: the purge keys are client-posted, so the server cannot assume they came from a fresh
+   *  scan. It reads the current media manifest AND rebuilds ONE strict cross-branch usage index, then
+   *  for each selected key parses the hash from the key grammar. A key that does not match the grammar
+   *  was never a real orphan key and is dropped silently. A key whose hash now has a manifest row OR is
+   *  referenced on any open cairn/* branch survived the scan window (it was claimed by a row, or a
+   *  draft started referencing those bytes), so it is skipped into skippedClaimed and its bytes survive.
+   *  Only a key whose hash is STILL absent from both is purged. This closes the TOCTOU between scan and
+   *  purge that could otherwise irreversibly delete a live draft's bytes.
+   *
+   *  Like the scan and the bulk delete, the strict index build is the fail-closed gate: a branch read
+   *  that throws refuses the whole batch with fail(503) rather than mistaking an unverifiable reference
+   *  for an absent one. The index is built exactly once for the batch, never once per key.
+   *
+   *  There is no commit. An orphan by definition has no manifest row to remove, so the purge deletes
+   *  the R2 object directly. Each delete is best-effort and batch-resilient: a per-object error is
+   *  reported in `failed` and the loop continues; an absent object is a no-op (the R2 contract). */
+  async function mediaPurgeOrphans(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | MediaOrphanPurgeResult> {
+    const editor = requireSession(event);
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+
+    // Resolve the R2 binding, the same media-off / missing-binding refusals as the scan. The purge
+    // deletes through the MediaStore seam, so wrap the raw binding.
+    const resolved = runtime.resolvedAssets;
+    if (!resolved.enabled) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Media is not enabled for this site.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+    const platformEnv = (event.platform as { env?: Record<string, unknown> } | undefined)?.env ?? {};
+    const rawBucket = platformEnv[resolved.bucketBinding];
+    if (!rawBucket) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'The media bucket is not bound.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+    const store = r2Store(rawBucket as R2Bucket);
+
+    // Read the selected R2 keys and the typed confirm.
+    const form = await event.request.formData();
+    const keys = form.getAll('key').map(String);
+    const confirm = String(form.get('confirm') ?? '');
+
+    // The irreversible gate: the confirm must equal the selected count, and the set must be non-empty.
+    // A mismatch or an empty set refuses and deletes NOTHING.
+    if (keys.length === 0 || confirm !== String(keys.length)) {
+      return fail(400, { error: 'Type the number of files to confirm the purge.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Re-derive fresh against the current manifest, so a key claimed since the scan is never purged.
+    const manifest = parseMediaManifest(parseMediaJson(await readRaw(runtime.backend, runtime.mediaManifestPath, token)));
+
+    // THE fail-closed gate for the whole batch: one shared strict cross-branch usage index, symmetric
+    // with the scan and the bulk delete. STRICT mode rethrows a branch-read failure, so a transient
+    // branch read refuses the irreversible purge rather than letting a possibly-referenced byte be
+    // treated as a true orphan. Build exactly one index, never one per key.
+    let index: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof buildUsageIndex>>;
+    try {
+      index = await buildUsageIndex(runtime.backend, token, runtime.concepts, await readManifest(token), { strict: true });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Could not verify where these files are used. Try again.' } satisfies MediaBulkFailure);
+    }
+
+    const purged: string[] = [];
+    const skippedClaimed: string[] = [];
+    const failed: { key: string; error: string }[] = [];
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      const hash = MEDIA_KEY_RE.exec(key)?.[1];
+      // A key that does not match the grammar was never a real orphan key: drop it silently.
+      if (hash === undefined) continue;
+      // A hash that now has a manifest row was claimed since the scan: its bytes are a live asset now.
+      if (manifest[hash]) {
+        skippedClaimed.push(key);
+        continue;
+      }
+      // A hash referenced on any open cairn/* branch backs an in-progress draft: skip it claimed too.
+      if (index.has(hash)) {
+        skippedClaimed.push(key);
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Still orphaned: delete the object directly. No commit, there is no manifest row.
+      try {
+        await store.delete(key);
+        purged.push(key);
+      } catch (err) {
+        failed.push({ key, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
+      }
+    }
+
+    log.info('media.orphans_purged', { editor: editor.email, purged: purged.length });
+    return { purged, skippedClaimed, failed } satisfies MediaOrphanPurgeResult;
+  }
+
   /** Edit a committed asset's metadata: its display name, slug, and default alt. A single media.json
    *  row commit, with NO reference rewrite: the resolver and the delivery route key on the hash, so a
    *  rename never breaks an existing `media:` reference. The default alt is the asset's value for the
@@ -1452,7 +1823,353 @@ export function createContentRoutes(runtime: CairnRuntime, deps: ContentRoutesDe
     throw redirect(303, '/admin/media?updated=1');
   }
 
-  return { layoutLoad, indexRedirect, listLoad, mediaLibraryLoad, createAction, editLoad, saveAction, publishAction, publishAllAction, discardAction, deleteAction, listDeleteAction, renameAction, uploadAction, mediaDeleteAction, mediaUpdateAction, mintToken };
+  /** Build the canonical `media:` token for a replacement, treating a slug that fails the grammar (or
+   *  an empty one) as absent so the bare-hash form is used. The slug is cosmetic: the resolver keys on
+   *  the hash, so a missing slug still resolves. Shared by the preview and apply token construction. */
+  function replacementToken(slug: string, hash: string): string {
+    return mediaToken({ slug: MEDIA_SLUG_RE.test(slug) ? slug : null, hash });
+  }
+
+  /** Preview a replace-in-place: the display-only fetch action (the 2a transport). It plans the rewrite
+   *  of every published main entry that references `oldHash` to the new asset's `media:` token, enriches
+   *  each with its title and permalink, and returns the plan plus the report-only cross-branch delta.
+   *  It commits nothing. The plan runs strict (fail-closed): an unverifiable usage read returns a 503
+   *  rather than a partial plan, so the confirm dialog never shows a count it cannot stand behind.
+   *
+   *  Wire contract: a fetch POST with the JSON body `{ oldHash, newHash, slug }`, the CSRF token in
+   *  the `X-Cairn-CSRF` header (the raw-body transport, no form-CSRF), and a `MediaReplacePreviewPlan`
+   *  returned as the 200 ActionResult the client reads. A refusal rides a `fail(status, ...)` envelope
+   *  with the MediaReplaceFailure shape (the same fail shape the apply uses), so the client reads
+   *  `type`/`status` from the body, never the HTTP status. */
+  async function mediaReplacePreview(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | MediaReplacePreviewPlan> {
+    // CSRF first: this is a raw-body (JSON) POST, so the header witness is the authority, like the
+    // upload action. A failed check refuses before the session read or any GitHub call.
+    if (!event.cookies || !validateCsrfHeader({ url: event.url, request: event.request, cookies: event.cookies })) {
+      return fail(403, { error: 'csrf', hash: '', usage: [], foundIn: 0 } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+    requireSession(event);
+
+    // Parse the JSON body. A malformed body or a hash that fails the 16-hex grammar refuses with a 400
+    // before any GitHub read. The slug is the OLD asset's: a replace keeps the name and changes only the
+    // content hash, so the repointed token carries the existing slug (an invalid slug falls back to a
+    // bare-hash token below). It is cosmetic for the preview display; the apply re-derives it server-side.
+    let payload: { oldHash?: unknown; newHash?: unknown; slug?: unknown };
+    try {
+      payload = JSON.parse(await event.request.text());
+    } catch {
+      return fail(400, { error: 'Could not read the replace request.', hash: '', usage: [], foundIn: 0 } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+    const oldHash = String(payload.oldHash ?? '');
+    const newHash = String(payload.newHash ?? '');
+    const slug = String(payload.slug ?? '');
+    if (!MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(oldHash) || !MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(newHash)) {
+      return fail(400, { error: 'Invalid media hash.', hash: oldHash, usage: [], foundIn: 0 } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+    const contentManifest = await readManifest(token);
+    const newToken = replacementToken(slug, newHash);
+
+    // Plan the rewrite. The planner runs buildUsageIndex in STRICT mode, so an unverifiable branch read
+    // throws out of here rather than degrading to an absent reference; catch it and fail closed, the
+    // same posture the delete gate takes.
+    let plan: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof planMediaRewrite<RepointPlacement>>>;
+    try {
+      plan = await planMediaRewrite<RepointPlacement>({
+        backend: runtime.backend,
+        token,
+        concepts: runtime.concepts,
+        contentManifest,
+        hash: oldHash,
+        transform: (md) => repointMediaRef(md, oldHash, newToken),
+      });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, {
+        error: 'Could not verify where this asset is used. Try again.',
+        hash: oldHash,
+        usage: [],
+        foundIn: 0,
+      } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Enrich each planned entry with its title and permalink from the content manifest (the planner
+    // carries neither). A planned entry always has a manifest row (the usage index is built from the
+    // manifest), so the lookup hits; an id-only fallback keeps the type total if a row is ever absent.
+    const byKey = new Map(contentManifest.entries.map((e) => [`${e.concept}/${e.id}`, e]));
+    const entries: MediaReplacePreviewEntry[] = plan.entries.map((e) => {
+      const row = byKey.get(`${e.concept}/${e.id}`);
+      return {
+        concept: e.concept,
+        id: e.id,
+        title: row?.title ?? e.id,
+        permalink: row?.permalink,
+        placements: e.placements,
+      };
+    });
+
+    return { affectedCount: plan.affectedCount, entries, branchDelta: plan.branchDelta };
+  }
+
+  /** Apply a replace-in-place: rewrite every published main entry that references the old asset to the
+   *  new asset's `media:` token, and add the new media.json row, in ONE atomic commit. The plan is
+   *  re-derived here from a FRESH read (never a client-passed plan), so a concurrent edit between the
+   *  preview and the apply is rewritten too. EVERY replace is gated behind the typed-slug confirm
+   *  (unlike delete, which only gates an in-use asset): a replace silently repoints published content,
+   *  so it always demands the type-to-confirm. An empty stored slug is never satisfiable, exactly like
+   *  delete. The plan runs strict, so an unverifiable usage read fails the replace closed (commits
+   *  nothing) rather than rewriting some references and leaving others.
+   *
+   *  No R2 operation: the new bytes were already stored put-first by the upload action, and the old
+   *  bytes are KEPT (the old row stays in media.json), so this action writes only to git and never
+   *  resolves the bucket binding. It guards `resolvedAssets.enabled` for the media-off case only. */
+  async function mediaReplaceApply(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | never> {
+    const editor = requireSession(event);
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+
+    const form = await event.request.formData();
+    const oldHash = String(form.get('oldHash') ?? '');
+    const newHash = String(form.get('newHash') ?? '');
+    if (!MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(oldHash) || !MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(newHash)) throw error(400, 'Invalid media hash');
+    const confirmSlug = String(form.get('confirmSlug') ?? '');
+
+    // The new asset's optimistic record rides the post (the same untrusted-record contract as save).
+    // Find the row for newHash; its absence is a malformed or missing replacement, a 400.
+    const record = parseMediaEntries(form.get('media')).find((r) => r.hash === newHash);
+    if (!record) {
+      return fail(400, {
+        error: 'The replacement upload is missing or invalid.',
+        hash: oldHash,
+        usage: [],
+        foundIn: 0,
+      } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    // The old asset must be committed on main to be replaceable here. A branch-only upload has no main
+    // row; it is replaced by editing its draft, not here.
+    const manifest = parseMediaManifest(parseMediaJson(await readRaw(runtime.backend, runtime.mediaManifestPath, token)));
+    const row = manifest[oldHash];
+    if (!row) {
+      return fail(404, {
+        error: 'That asset is not committed. Discard its draft to remove an unpublished upload.',
+        hash: oldHash,
+        usage: [],
+        foundIn: 0,
+      } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Media-enabled guard only: replace does no R2 write (the new bytes are already stored, the old
+    // bytes are kept), so there is no bucket binding to resolve. Media-off still refuses before any
+    // git write.
+    if (!runtime.resolvedAssets.enabled) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Media is not enabled for this site.', hash: oldHash, usage: [], foundIn: 0 } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Re-derive the plan from a FRESH content-manifest read (never trust a client plan). The planner
+    // runs strict, so an unverifiable branch read throws; catch it and fail the replace closed (commit
+    // nothing) rather than rewriting a partial set of references. The repointed token keeps the OLD
+    // asset's slug (server-authoritative `row.slug`): a replace changes only the content hash, so the
+    // name in every reference stays the same (the new bytes resolve by hash regardless of the slug).
+    const newToken = replacementToken(row.slug, record.hash);
+    let plan: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof planMediaRewrite<RepointPlacement>>>;
+    try {
+      plan = await planMediaRewrite<RepointPlacement>({
+        backend: runtime.backend,
+        token,
+        concepts: runtime.concepts,
+        contentManifest: await readManifest(token),
+        hash: oldHash,
+        transform: (md) => repointMediaRef(md, oldHash, newToken),
+      });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, {
+        error: 'Could not verify where this asset is used. Try again.',
+        hash: oldHash,
+        usage: [],
+        foundIn: 0,
+      } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    // The typed-slug gate, ALWAYS required for replace. A blank stored slug can never be satisfied by
+    // the empty default, so it is treated as never-confirmed (the confirm cannot be bypassed).
+    if (row.slug === '' || confirmSlug !== row.slug) {
+      log.warn('media.replace_blocked', { editor: editor.email, hash: oldHash, foundIn: plan.affectedCount });
+      return fail(409, {
+        error: `Type ${row.slug} to confirm replacing it in ${plan.affectedCount} ${plan.affectedCount === 1 ? 'entry' : 'entries'}.`,
+        hash: oldHash,
+        usage: [],
+        foundIn: plan.affectedCount,
+      } satisfies MediaReplaceFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Commit atomically: every rewritten entry plus the new media.json row (the OLD row stays, so the
+    // old bytes keep a row). One commit, the same conflict handling as delete.
+    const changes: FileChange[] = plan.entries.map((e) => ({ path: e.path, content: e.newMarkdown }));
+    changes.push({ path: runtime.mediaManifestPath, content: serializeMediaManifest(upsertMediaEntry(manifest, record)) });
+
+    const commitFields = { concept: 'media', id: oldHash, editor: editor.email };
+    try {
+      await commitFiles(
+        runtime.backend,
+        changes,
+        { message: `Replace media: ${row.slug}`, author: { name: editor.displayName, email: editor.email } },
+        token,
+      );
+      log.info('media.replaced', { editor: editor.email, oldHash, newHash, affected: plan.affectedCount });
+    } catch (err) {
+      commitFailure(commitFields, err, '/admin/media',
+        'The site changed since you opened it. Reload and try again.');
+    }
+    throw redirect(303, '/admin/media?replaced=1');
+  }
+
+  /** Preview an alt-propagation: the display-only fetch action (the 2a transport). It plans filling the
+   *  asset's default alt across every published main entry that references it, bucketing each placement
+   *  (a will-fill empty alt, a customized alt left as-is, a decorative hero skipped), and returns the
+   *  enriched entries, the report-only cross-branch delta, and the bucket counts. It commits nothing.
+   *  The plan runs strict (fail-closed): an unverifiable usage read returns a 503 rather than a partial
+   *  plan, so the dialog never shows a count it cannot stand behind.
+   *
+   *  Wire contract: a fetch POST with the JSON body `{ hash }`, the CSRF token in the `X-Cairn-CSRF`
+   *  header (the raw-body transport, no form-CSRF), and a `MediaAltPreviewPlan` returned as the 200
+   *  ActionResult the client reads. A refusal rides a `fail(status, ...)` envelope with the
+   *  MediaAltPropagateFailure shape, so the client reads `type`/`status` from the body. */
+  async function mediaAltPreview(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | MediaAltPreviewPlan> {
+    // CSRF first: a raw-body (JSON) POST, so the header witness is the authority, like the upload and
+    // replace-preview actions. A failed check refuses before the session read or any GitHub call.
+    if (!event.cookies || !validateCsrfHeader({ url: event.url, request: event.request, cookies: event.cookies })) {
+      return fail(403, { error: 'csrf' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+    requireSession(event);
+
+    let payload: { hash?: unknown };
+    try {
+      payload = JSON.parse(await event.request.text());
+    } catch {
+      return fail(400, { error: 'Could not read the request.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+    const hash = String(payload.hash ?? '');
+    if (!MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(hash)) {
+      return fail(400, { error: 'Invalid media hash.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+    // The default alt to propagate is the asset's manifest row value (set via mediaUpdateAction). An
+    // asset with no committed row has no default alt to push, so refuse.
+    const mediaManifest = parseMediaManifest(parseMediaJson(await readRaw(runtime.backend, runtime.mediaManifestPath, token)));
+    const row = mediaManifest[hash];
+    if (!row) {
+      return fail(404, { error: 'That asset is not committed.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Plan the fill. The planner runs strict, so an unverifiable branch read throws out of here; catch
+    // it and fail closed, the same posture replace and delete take.
+    const contentManifest = await readManifest(token);
+    let plan: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof planMediaRewrite<AltPlacement>>>;
+    try {
+      plan = await planMediaRewrite<AltPlacement>({
+        backend: runtime.backend,
+        token,
+        concepts: runtime.concepts,
+        contentManifest,
+        hash,
+        transform: (md) => fillAltForHash(md, hash, row.alt, { overwrite: false }),
+      });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Could not verify where this asset is used. Try again.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Enrich each planned entry with its title and permalink from the content manifest (the planner
+    // carries neither), and aggregate the bucket counts across every placement.
+    const byKey = new Map(contentManifest.entries.map((e) => [`${e.concept}/${e.id}`, e]));
+    const counts = { willFill: 0, customized: 0, decorativeSkipped: 0 };
+    const entries: MediaAltPreviewEntry[] = plan.entries.map((e) => {
+      for (const p of e.placements) {
+        if (p.bucket === 'will-fill') counts.willFill += 1;
+        else if (p.bucket === 'customized') counts.customized += 1;
+        else counts.decorativeSkipped += 1;
+      }
+      const manifestRow = byKey.get(`${e.concept}/${e.id}`);
+      return {
+        concept: e.concept,
+        id: e.id,
+        title: manifestRow?.title ?? e.id,
+        permalink: manifestRow?.permalink,
+        placements: e.placements,
+      };
+    });
+
+    return { entries, branchDelta: plan.branchDelta, counts };
+  }
+
+  /** Apply an alt-propagation: fill the asset's default alt into every empty placement across the
+   *  published corpus (and, on the `overwrite` opt-in, customized placements too), in ONE atomic
+   *  commit. The plan is re-derived from a FRESH read (never a client plan). Three deliberate
+   *  differences from replace: there is NO typed-slug gate (alt fill is reversible and frequent), there
+   *  is NO media.json change (the default alt is READ from the row, never rewritten there), and a
+   *  decorative hero is never written regardless of `overwrite` (enforced inside fillAltForHash). A run
+   *  that changes nothing commits nothing and still redirects (a no-op success). It fails the operation
+   *  closed on an unverifiable usage read, and writes only entry files in git (no R2 op). */
+  async function mediaAltApply(event: ContentEvent): Promise<ReturnType<typeof fail> | never> {
+    const editor = requireSession(event);
+    const token = await mintToken(event.platform?.env ?? {});
+
+    const form = await event.request.formData();
+    const hash = String(form.get('hash') ?? '');
+    if (!MEDIA_HASH_RE.test(hash)) throw error(400, 'Invalid media hash');
+    // The opt-in to also overwrite customized alts; absent (the default) leaves custom alts alone.
+    const overwrite = form.get('overwrite') === 'on' || form.get('overwrite') === 'true';
+
+    const mediaManifest = parseMediaManifest(parseMediaJson(await readRaw(runtime.backend, runtime.mediaManifestPath, token)));
+    const row = mediaManifest[hash];
+    if (!row) {
+      return fail(404, { error: 'That asset is not committed.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Media-enabled guard only: alt fill does no R2 write, so there is no bucket binding to resolve.
+    if (!runtime.resolvedAssets.enabled) {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Media is not enabled for this site.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Re-derive from a FRESH content-manifest read with the actual overwrite choice. Strict, so an
+    // unverifiable branch read throws; catch it and fail closed (commit nothing).
+    let plan: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof planMediaRewrite<AltPlacement>>>;
+    try {
+      plan = await planMediaRewrite<AltPlacement>({
+        backend: runtime.backend,
+        token,
+        concepts: runtime.concepts,
+        contentManifest: await readManifest(token),
+        hash,
+        transform: (md) => fillAltForHash(md, hash, row.alt, { overwrite }),
+      });
+    } catch {
+      return fail(503, { error: 'Could not verify where this asset is used. Try again.' } satisfies MediaAltPropagateFailure);
+    }
+
+    // Commit only the entries the transform actually changed. A reported-but-unchanged placement (a
+    // kept custom alt, a decorative hero) has after === before, so an entry with only those is a no-op
+    // and is excluded. Nothing changed at all is a successful no-op: skip the commit, still redirect.
+    const changed = plan.entries.filter((e) => e.placements.some((p) => p.after !== p.before));
+    if (changed.length === 0) throw redirect(303, '/admin/media?altPropagated=1');
+
+    const changes: FileChange[] = changed.map((e) => ({ path: e.path, content: e.newMarkdown }));
+    const commitFields = { concept: 'media', id: hash, editor: editor.email };
+    try {
+      await commitFiles(
+        runtime.backend,
+        changes,
+        { message: `Propagate alt: ${row.slug}`, author: { name: editor.displayName, email: editor.email } },
+        token,
+      );
+      log.info('media.alt_propagated', { editor: editor.email, hash, overwrite, written: changed.length });
+    } catch (err) {
+      commitFailure(commitFields, err, '/admin/media',
+        'The site changed since you opened it. Reload and try again.');
+    }
+    throw redirect(303, '/admin/media?altPropagated=1');
+  }
+
+  return { layoutLoad, indexRedirect, listLoad, mediaLibraryLoad, createAction, editLoad, saveAction, publishAction, publishAllAction, discardAction, deleteAction, listDeleteAction, renameAction, uploadAction, mediaDeleteAction, mediaBulkDelete, mediaOrphanScan, mediaPurgeOrphans, mediaUpdateAction, mediaReplacePreview, mediaReplaceApply, mediaAltPreview, mediaAltApply, mintToken };
 }
 
 /** The cap, in characters, on the stored alt text. The human fields are display copy, not content,