@forgeax/engine-render 0.1.19 → 0.1.21

package/src/record/gpu-pass-timing/session.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+import type {
+  Buffer,
+  ComputePassDescriptor,
+  MappedBuffer,
+  QuerySet,
+  RhiCommandEncoder,
+  RhiDevice,
+} from '@forgeax/engine-rhi';
+import { err, ok, type Result } from '@forgeax/engine-types';
+import {
+  createGpuPassTimingFrame,
+  freezeGpuPassTimingFrame,
+  type GpuPassTimingEntry,
+  type GpuPassTimingFrame,
+  type GpuPassTimingOptions,
+  type GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+  type NormalizedGpuPassTimingOptions,
+  normalizeGpuPassTimingOptions,
+} from './contract.js';
+import type { GpuPassTimingReason } from './errors.js';
+import { parseGpuPassTimingTicks } from './parser.js';
+
+const GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_READ = 0x01;
+const GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_SRC = 0x04;
+const GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_DST = 0x08;
+const GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_QUERY_RESOLVE = 0x200;
+const GPU_MAP_MODE_READ = 0x01;
+const QUERY_RESOLVE_ALIGNMENT = 256;
+const QUERY_RESULT_BYTES = 8;
+
+export interface GpuPassTimingFrameIdentity {
+  readonly frameId: number;
+  readonly deviceGeneration: number;
+  readonly graphGeneration: number;
+}
+
+export interface GpuPassTimingSessionOptions {
+  readonly mapReadback?: ((buffer: Buffer) => Promise<Result<MappedBuffer, unknown>>) | undefined;
+}
+
+export interface GpuPassTimingCapture {
+  readonly frameId: number;
+  recordPass(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity):
+    | {
+        readonly querySet: QuerySet;
+        readonly beginningOfPassWriteIndex: number;
+        readonly endOfPassWriteIndex: number;
+      }
+    | undefined;
+  markOwnerConflict(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity): void;
+  markTimestampWriteFailure(
+    identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+    phase: 'begin' | 'end',
+    cause: unknown,
+  ): void;
+  copyBoundaryBefore(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity, encoder: RhiCommandEncoder): void;
+  copyBoundaryAfter(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity, encoder: RhiCommandEncoder): void;
+  timestampWrites(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity):
+    | {
+        readonly querySet: QuerySet;
+        readonly beginningOfPassWriteIndex: number;
+        readonly endOfPassWriteIndex: number;
+      }
+    | undefined;
+  encodeTail(encoder: RhiCommandEncoder): Result<void, GpuPassTimingReason>;
+  markSubmitted(completion?: Promise<void>): void;
+  snapshot(): GpuPassTimingFrame;
+  observe(): Promise<Result<GpuPassTimingFrame, GpuPassTimingReason>>;
+  abort(cause?: { readonly code?: string | undefined }): void;
+}
+
+export interface GpuPassTimingSession {
+  readonly options: NormalizedGpuPassTimingOptions;
+  beginFrame(
+    identity: GpuPassTimingFrameIdentity,
+  ): Result<GpuPassTimingCapture, GpuPassTimingReason>;
+  dispose(): void;
+}
+
+interface Slot {
+  readonly queryCount: number;
+  readonly querySet: QuerySet;
+  readonly resolveBuffer: Buffer;
+  readonly readbackBuffer: Buffer;
+  readonly storage: CaptureStorage;
+  state: 'idle' | 'encoding' | 'submitted' | 'terminal';
+  capture?: CaptureState | undefined;
+}
+
+interface CaptureStorage {
+  readonly entries: CaptureEntry[];
+  readonly queryPairs: CaptureQueryPair[];
+  readonly entryIndexesByExecutionIndex: Array<number | undefined>;
+  readonly timestampWrites: CaptureTimestampWrites[];
+  readonly copyBeginningMarkerWrites: CaptureMarkerWrites;
+  readonly copyEndMarkerWrites: CaptureMarkerWrites;
+  readonly copyBeginningMarkerDescriptor: ComputePassDescriptor;
+  readonly copyEndMarkerDescriptor: ComputePassDescriptor;
+}
+
+interface CaptureState {
+  readonly identity: GpuPassTimingFrameIdentity;
+  readonly graphGeneration: number;
+  readonly backendKind: RhiDevice['caps']['backendKind'];
+  readonly timestampPeriodNanoseconds: number;
+  readonly slot: Slot;
+  readonly entries: CaptureEntry[];
+  readonly queryPairs: CaptureQueryPair[];
+  readonly entryIndexesByExecutionIndex: Array<number | undefined>;
+  readonly layout: CaptureLayout | undefined;
+  layoutCandidateValid: boolean;
+  nextQueryIndex: number;
+  droppedPassCount: number;
+  timedPassCount: number;
+  terminal: Result<GpuPassTimingFrame, GpuPassTimingReason> | undefined;
+  submitted: Promise<void> | undefined;
+}
+
+type CaptureEntry = GpuPassTimingPassIdentity | GpuPassTimingEntry;
+
+interface CaptureQueryPair {
+  beginningQueryIndex: number;
+  endQueryIndex: number;
+  requiresBeginningMarker: boolean;
+  requiresEndMarker: boolean;
+  needsBeginningMarker: boolean;
+  needsEndMarker: boolean;
+}
+
+interface CaptureTimestampWrites {
+  readonly querySet: QuerySet;
+  beginningOfPassWriteIndex: number;
+  endOfPassWriteIndex: number;
+}
+
+interface CaptureMarkerWrites {
+  readonly querySet: QuerySet;
+  beginningOfPassWriteIndex?: number | undefined;
+  endOfPassWriteIndex?: number | undefined;
+}
+
+interface CaptureLayoutEntry {
+  readonly identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity;
+  readonly beginningQueryIndex: number;
+  readonly endQueryIndex: number;
+  readonly requiresBeginningMarker: boolean;
+  readonly requiresEndMarker: boolean;
+}
+
+interface CaptureLayout {
+  readonly graphGeneration: number;
+  readonly queryCount: number;
+  readonly entries: readonly CaptureLayoutEntry[];
+}
+
+function isTimingEntry(entry: CaptureEntry): entry is GpuPassTimingEntry {
+  return 'status' in entry;
+}
+
+function isGenericEntry(entry: CaptureEntry | undefined): entry is GpuPassTimingPassIdentity {
+  return entry !== undefined && !isTimingEntry(entry);
+}
+
+function reason(
+  code: GpuPassTimingReason['code'],
+  expected: string,
+  hint: string,
+  detail: { readonly [key: string]: null | boolean | number | string },
+): GpuPassTimingReason {
+  return { code, expected, hint, detail };
+}
+
+function causeDetail(value: unknown): { readonly [key: string]: null | boolean | number | string } {
+  if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null) {
+    const code = 'code' in value && typeof value.code === 'string' ? value.code : undefined;
+    const message = value instanceof Error ? value.message : undefined;
+    return {
+      type: 'rhi-failure',
+      ...(code === undefined ? {} : { code }),
+      ...(message === undefined ? {} : { message }),
+    };
+  }
+  return { type: typeof value };
+}
+
+function alignedReadbackSize(queryCount: number): number {
+  return Math.max(QUERY_RESOLVE_ALIGNMENT, queryCount * QUERY_RESULT_BYTES);
+}
+
+function readTick(bytes: ArrayBuffer, index: number): string {
+  const view = new DataView(bytes, index * QUERY_RESULT_BYTES, QUERY_RESULT_BYTES);
+  return view.getBigUint64(0, true).toString(10);
+}
+
+function createResourceFailure(error: unknown, operation: string): GpuPassTimingReason {
+  return reason(
+    'timestamp-readback-failed',
+    `${operation} succeeds for the timing slot resource`,
+    'wait for a later receipt and inspect the structured timing failure',
+    { operation, cause: JSON.stringify(causeDetail(error)) },
+  );
+}
+
+function createSlot(
+  device: RhiDevice,
+  options: NormalizedGpuPassTimingOptions,
+): Result<Slot, GpuPassTimingReason> {
+  const queryCount = options.maxPassesPerFrame * 2;
+  const querySet = device.createQuerySet({ type: 'timestamp', count: queryCount });
+  if (!querySet.ok) {
+    return err(
+      reason(
+        'timestamp-query-unsupported',
+        'the active device creates a timestamp query set',
+        'use a backend with timestamp-query support or keep timing disabled',
+        { cause: querySet.error.code },
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+  const resolveBuffer = device.createBuffer({
+    size: alignedReadbackSize(queryCount),
+    usage: GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_QUERY_RESOLVE | GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_SRC,
+  });
+  if (!resolveBuffer.ok) {
+    device.destroyQuerySet(querySet.value);
+    return err(createResourceFailure(resolveBuffer.error, 'resolve buffer creation'));
+  }
+  const readbackBuffer = device.createBuffer({
+    size: alignedReadbackSize(queryCount),
+    usage: GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_COPY_DST | GPU_BUFFER_USAGE_MAP_READ,
+  });
+  if (!readbackBuffer.ok) {
+    device.destroyBuffer(resolveBuffer.value);
+    device.destroyQuerySet(querySet.value);
+    return err(createResourceFailure(readbackBuffer.error, 'readback buffer creation'));
+  }
+  const copyBeginningMarkerWrites: CaptureMarkerWrites = {
+    querySet: querySet.value,
+    endOfPassWriteIndex: 0,
+  };
+  const copyEndMarkerWrites: CaptureMarkerWrites = {
+    querySet: querySet.value,
+    beginningOfPassWriteIndex: 0,
+  };
+  return ok({
+    queryCount,
+    querySet: querySet.value,
+    resolveBuffer: resolveBuffer.value,
+    readbackBuffer: readbackBuffer.value,
+    storage: {
+      entries: [],
+      queryPairs: Array.from({ length: options.maxPassesPerFrame }, () => ({
+        beginningQueryIndex: 0,
+        endQueryIndex: 0,
+        requiresBeginningMarker: false,
+        requiresEndMarker: false,
+        needsBeginningMarker: false,
+        needsEndMarker: false,
+      })),
+      entryIndexesByExecutionIndex: Array.from(
+        { length: options.maxPassesPerFrame },
+        () => undefined,
+      ),
+      timestampWrites: Array.from({ length: options.maxPassesPerFrame }, () => ({
+        querySet: querySet.value,
+        beginningOfPassWriteIndex: 0,
+        endOfPassWriteIndex: 1,
+      })),
+      copyBeginningMarkerWrites,
+      copyEndMarkerWrites,
+      copyBeginningMarkerDescriptor: { timestampWrites: copyBeginningMarkerWrites },
+      copyEndMarkerDescriptor: { timestampWrites: copyEndMarkerWrites },
+    },
+    state: 'idle',
+  });
+}
+
+function makeUnmeasured(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity): GpuPassTimingEntry {
+  return {
+    ...identity,
+    status: 'unmeasured',
+    reason: reason(
+      'timestamp-write-unavailable',
+      'the pass has a reserved timestamp pair',
+      'inspect the terminal observation for the readback result',
+      { passName: identity.passName },
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
+function makeOwnerConflict(identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity): GpuPassTimingEntry {
+  return {
+    ...identity,
+    status: 'unmeasured',
+    reason: reason(
+      'timestamp-owner-conflict',
+      'the pass already has producer-owned timestamp writes',
+      'keep the producer timestamps and report this pass without generic timing',
+      { passName: identity.passName },
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
+function makeWriteUnavailable(
+  identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+  phase: 'begin' | 'end',
+  cause: unknown,
+): GpuPassTimingEntry {
+  return {
+    ...identity,
+    status: 'unmeasured',
+    reason: {
+      ...reason(
+        'timestamp-write-unavailable',
+        `the ${phase} timestamp write succeeds for the copy pass`,
+        'keep this pass unmeasured and inspect a later receipt for timing recovery',
+        { passName: identity.passName, phase },
+      ),
+      cause: causeDetail(cause),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function freezeSnapshot(state: CaptureState): GpuPassTimingFrame {
+  const passes = state.entries.map((entry) =>
+    isTimingEntry(entry) ? { ...entry } : makeUnmeasured(entry),
+  );
+  return freezeGpuPassTimingFrame(
+    createGpuPassTimingFrame({
+      ...state.identity,
+      graphGeneration: state.graphGeneration,
+      backendKind: state.backendKind,
+      timestampPeriodNanoseconds: state.timestampPeriodNanoseconds,
+      passCapacity: state.slot.queryCount / 2,
+      passes,
+      droppedPassCount: state.droppedPassCount,
+    }),
+  );
+}
+
+function makeCapture(
+  state: CaptureState,
+  device: RhiDevice,
+  period: number,
+  mapReadback: GpuPassTimingSessionOptions['mapReadback'],
+  layout: CaptureLayout | undefined,
+  publishLayout: (layout: CaptureLayout) => void,
+): GpuPassTimingCapture {
+  const entryAt = (index: number): CaptureEntry | undefined => state.entries[index];
+  const queryPairAt = (index: number): CaptureQueryPair | undefined => state.queryPairs[index];
+  const allocateQueryIndex = (): number => {
+    const queryIndex = state.nextQueryIndex;
+    state.nextQueryIndex += 1;
+    return queryIndex;
+  };
+  const syncTimestampWrites = (index: number): void => {
+    const pair = queryPairAt(index);
+    const writes = state.slot.storage.timestampWrites[index];
+    if (pair === undefined || writes === undefined) return;
+    writes.beginningOfPassWriteIndex = pair.beginningQueryIndex;
+    writes.endOfPassWriteIndex = pair.endQueryIndex;
+  };
+  const configureDynamicPair = (index: number): void => {
+    const entry = entryAt(index);
+    const pair = queryPairAt(index);
+    if (entry === undefined || pair === undefined) return;
+    const beginningQueryIndex = allocateQueryIndex();
+    const requiresEndMarker = entry.passKind === 'copy';
+    pair.beginningQueryIndex = beginningQueryIndex;
+    pair.endQueryIndex = allocateQueryIndex();
+    pair.requiresBeginningMarker = entry.passKind === 'copy';
+    pair.requiresEndMarker = requiresEndMarker;
+    pair.needsBeginningMarker = pair.requiresBeginningMarker;
+    pair.needsEndMarker = requiresEndMarker;
+    syncTimestampWrites(index);
+  };
+  const rebuildDynamicLayout = (): void => {
+    state.nextQueryIndex = 0;
+    for (let index = 0; index < state.entries.length; index += 1) {
+      configureDynamicPair(index);
+    }
+  };
+  const markEntry = (index: number, replacement: GpuPassTimingEntry): void => {
+    const entry = entryAt(index);
+    if (!isGenericEntry(entry)) return;
+    state.timedPassCount -= 1;
+    state.entries[index] = replacement;
+  };
+  const recordPass = (
+    identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+  ): ReturnType<GpuPassTimingCapture['recordPass']> => {
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) return;
+    if (state.entries.length >= state.slot.queryCount / 2) {
+      state.droppedPassCount += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+    const index = state.entries.length;
+    const layoutEntry = state.layoutCandidateValid ? layout?.entries[index] : undefined;
+    const reusableLayoutEntry =
+      layoutEntry !== undefined &&
+      layoutEntry.identity.passName === identity.passName &&
+      layoutEntry.identity.passKind === identity.passKind &&
+      layoutEntry.identity.executionIndex === identity.executionIndex;
+    const layoutMismatch =
+      layout !== undefined && state.layoutCandidateValid && !reusableLayoutEntry;
+    if (layoutMismatch) state.layoutCandidateValid = false;
+    state.entries.push(
+      reusableLayoutEntry
+        ? layoutEntry.identity
+        : {
+            passName: identity.passName,
+            passKind: identity.passKind,
+            executionIndex: identity.executionIndex,
+          },
+    );
+    state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex] = index;
+    const queryPair = queryPairAt(index);
+    if (queryPair === undefined) {
+      state.entries.pop();
+      state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex] = undefined;
+      state.droppedPassCount += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (reusableLayoutEntry) {
+      queryPair.beginningQueryIndex = layoutEntry.beginningQueryIndex;
+      queryPair.endQueryIndex = layoutEntry.endQueryIndex;
+      queryPair.requiresBeginningMarker = layoutEntry.requiresBeginningMarker;
+      queryPair.requiresEndMarker = layoutEntry.requiresEndMarker;
+      queryPair.needsBeginningMarker = layoutEntry.requiresBeginningMarker;
+      queryPair.needsEndMarker = layoutEntry.requiresEndMarker;
+      syncTimestampWrites(index);
+    } else if (layoutMismatch) {
+      rebuildDynamicLayout();
+    } else {
+      configureDynamicPair(index);
+    }
+    state.timedPassCount += 1;
+    const writes = state.slot.storage.timestampWrites[index];
+    if (writes === undefined) {
+      state.entries.pop();
+      state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex] = undefined;
+      state.timedPassCount -= 1;
+      state.droppedPassCount += 1;
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return writes;
+  };
+  const timestampWrites = (identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity) => {
+    const index = state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex];
+    const entry = index === undefined ? undefined : state.entries[index];
+    if (
+      index === undefined ||
+      entry === undefined ||
+      entry.passName !== identity.passName ||
+      entry.passKind !== identity.passKind ||
+      isTimingEntry(entry) ||
+      state.terminal !== undefined
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    const pair = queryPairAt(index);
+    const writes = state.slot.storage.timestampWrites[index];
+    if (pair === undefined || writes === undefined) return undefined;
+    writes.beginningOfPassWriteIndex = pair.beginningQueryIndex;
+    writes.endOfPassWriteIndex = pair.endQueryIndex;
+    return writes;
+  };
+  const markOwnerConflict = (identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity): void => {
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) return;
+    const index = state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex];
+    const entry = index === undefined ? undefined : state.entries[index];
+    if (
+      index === undefined ||
+      entry === undefined ||
+      entry.passName !== identity.passName ||
+      entry.passKind !== identity.passKind ||
+      isTimingEntry(entry)
+    )
+      return;
+    markEntry(index, makeOwnerConflict(identity));
+  };
+  const markTimestampWriteFailure = (
+    identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+    phase: 'begin' | 'end',
+    cause: unknown,
+  ): void => {
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) return;
+    const index = state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex];
+    const entry = index === undefined ? undefined : state.entries[index];
+    if (
+      index === undefined ||
+      entry === undefined ||
+      entry.passName !== identity.passName ||
+      entry.passKind !== identity.passKind
+    )
+      return;
+    if (entry !== undefined && isTimingEntry(entry)) {
+      if (entry.status === 'unmeasured' && entry.reason.code === 'timestamp-owner-conflict') return;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (entry === undefined) return;
+    markEntry(index, makeWriteUnavailable(identity, phase, cause));
+  };
+  const copyBoundaryBefore = (
+    identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+    encoder: RhiCommandEncoder,
+  ): void => {
+    const index = state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex];
+    const entry = index === undefined ? undefined : entryAt(index);
+    const pair = index === undefined ? undefined : queryPairAt(index);
+    if (
+      index === undefined ||
+      !isGenericEntry(entry) ||
+      entry.passName !== identity.passName ||
+      entry.passKind !== identity.passKind ||
+      pair === undefined ||
+      !pair.needsBeginningMarker ||
+      state.terminal !== undefined
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const writes = state.slot.storage.copyBeginningMarkerWrites;
+      writes.endOfPassWriteIndex = pair.beginningQueryIndex;
+      encoder.encodeEmptyComputePass(state.slot.storage.copyBeginningMarkerDescriptor);
+      pair.needsBeginningMarker = false;
+    } catch (cause) {
+      markTimestampWriteFailure(identity, 'begin', cause);
+    }
+  };
+  const copyBoundaryAfter = (
+    identity: GpuPassTimingPassIdentity,
+    encoder: RhiCommandEncoder,
+  ): void => {
+    const index = state.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex[identity.executionIndex];
+    if (index === undefined) return;
+    const entry = entryAt(index);
+    const pair = queryPairAt(index);
+    if (
+      !isGenericEntry(entry) ||
+      entry.passKind !== 'copy' ||
+      pair === undefined ||
+      entry.passName !== identity.passName ||
+      !pair.needsEndMarker ||
+      state.terminal !== undefined
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const writes = state.slot.storage.copyEndMarkerWrites;
+      writes.beginningOfPassWriteIndex = pair.endQueryIndex;
+      encoder.encodeEmptyComputePass(state.slot.storage.copyEndMarkerDescriptor);
+      pair.needsEndMarker = false;
+    } catch (cause) {
+      markTimestampWriteFailure(entry, 'end', cause);
+    }
+  };
+  const maybePublishLayout = (): void => {
+    if (
+      (layout !== undefined &&
+        state.layoutCandidateValid &&
+        state.entries.length === layout.entries.length) ||
+      state.droppedPassCount > 0 ||
+      state.entries.length === 0 ||
+      state.entries.some((entry) => !isGenericEntry(entry))
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const entries: CaptureLayoutEntry[] = [];
+    for (let index = 0; index < state.entries.length; index += 1) {
+      const identity = state.entries[index];
+      const queryPair = queryPairAt(index);
+      if (!isGenericEntry(identity) || queryPair === undefined) return;
+      entries.push(
+        Object.freeze({
+          identity: Object.freeze({ ...identity }),
+          beginningQueryIndex: queryPair.beginningQueryIndex,
+          endQueryIndex: queryPair.endQueryIndex,
+          requiresBeginningMarker: queryPair.requiresBeginningMarker,
+          requiresEndMarker: queryPair.requiresEndMarker,
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+    publishLayout(
+      Object.freeze({
+        graphGeneration: state.graphGeneration,
+        queryCount: state.nextQueryIndex,
+        entries: Object.freeze(entries),
+      }),
+    );
+  };
+  const hasGenericTiming = (): boolean => state.timedPassCount > 0;
+  const encodeTail = (encoder: RhiCommandEncoder): Result<void, GpuPassTimingReason> => {
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) {
+      return state.terminal.ok
+        ? err(
+            reason(
+              'timing-session-disposed',
+              'the timing capture is still encoding',
+              'encode timing before terminalizing the capture',
+              { frameId: state.identity.frameId },
+            ),
+          )
+        : err(state.terminal.error);
+    }
+    if (
+      layout !== undefined &&
+      state.layoutCandidateValid &&
+      state.entries.length !== layout.entries.length
+    ) {
+      state.layoutCandidateValid = false;
+      rebuildDynamicLayout();
+    }
+    maybePublishLayout();
+    if (!hasGenericTiming()) return ok(undefined);
+    const queryCount = state.nextQueryIndex;
+    try {
+      const resolved = encoder.resolveQuerySet(
+        state.slot.querySet,
+        0,
+        queryCount,
+        state.slot.resolveBuffer,
+        0,
+      );
+      if (!resolved.ok) {
+        return err(
+          reason(
+            'timestamp-resolve-failed',
+            'the used timestamp range resolves into the resolve buffer',
+            'inspect the RHI cause and wait for a later receipt',
+            { cause: resolved.error.code },
+          ),
+        );
+      }
+      encoder.copyBufferToBuffer(
+        state.slot.resolveBuffer,
+        0,
+        state.slot.readbackBuffer,
+        0,
+        queryCount * QUERY_RESULT_BYTES,
+      );
+      return ok(undefined);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return err(createResourceFailure(error, 'timing resolve/copy'));
+    }
+  };
+  const terminalize = (result: Result<GpuPassTimingFrame, GpuPassTimingReason>): void => {
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) return;
+    state.terminal = result;
+    state.slot.state = 'terminal';
+  };
+  const readback = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) return;
+    const mapped = await sessionMapReadback(state.slot.readbackBuffer, period, mapReadback);
+    if (!mapped.ok) {
+      if (state.terminal !== undefined) return;
+      terminalize(err(mapped.error));
+      state.slot.state = 'idle';
+      return;
+    }
+    if (state.terminal !== undefined) {
+      mapped.value.unmap();
+      return;
+    }
+    const range = mapped.value.getMappedRange(0, state.nextQueryIndex * QUERY_RESULT_BYTES);
+    if (!range.ok) {
+      mapped.value.unmap();
+      terminalize(err(createResourceFailure(range.error, 'mapped timing range')));
+      state.slot.state = 'idle';
+      return;
+    }
+    const measured: GpuPassTimingEntry[] = [];
+    for (let index = 0; index < state.entries.length; index += 1) {
+      const identity = state.entries[index];
+      if (identity === undefined) continue;
+      if (isTimingEntry(identity)) {
+        measured.push(identity);
+        continue;
+      }
+      const queryPair = state.queryPairs[index];
+      if (queryPair === undefined) {
+        mapped.value.unmap();
+        terminalize(
+          err(
+            reason(
+              'timestamp-readback-failed',
+              'every measured pass has a reserved query pair',
+              'inspect the capture query allocator before consuming timing facts',
+              { frameId: state.identity.frameId, passIndex: index },
+            ),
+          ),
+        );
+        state.slot.state = 'idle';
+        return;
+      }
+      const beginningTick = readTick(range.value, queryPair.beginningQueryIndex);
+      const endTick = readTick(range.value, queryPair.endQueryIndex);
+      const parsed = parseGpuPassTimingTicks({
+        beginningTick,
+        endTick,
+        timestampPeriodNanoseconds: period,
+      });
+      if (!parsed.ok) {
+        if (identity.passKind === 'copy') {
+          measured.push({
+            ...identity,
+            status: 'unmeasured',
+            reason: {
+              ...parsed.error,
+              detail: {
+                ...parsed.error.detail,
+                passName: identity.passName,
+                passKind: identity.passKind,
+                executionIndex: identity.executionIndex,
+                beginningQueryIndex: queryPair.beginningQueryIndex,
+                endQueryIndex: queryPair.endQueryIndex,
+              },
+            },
+          });
+          continue;
+        }
+        mapped.value.unmap();
+        terminalize(
+          err({
+            ...parsed.error,
+            detail: {
+              ...parsed.error.detail,
+              passName: identity.passName,
+              passKind: identity.passKind,
+              executionIndex: identity.executionIndex,
+              beginningQueryIndex: queryPair.beginningQueryIndex,
+              endQueryIndex: queryPair.endQueryIndex,
+            },
+          }),
+        );
+        state.slot.state = 'idle';
+        return;
+      }
+      measured.push({
+        passName: identity.passName,
+        passKind: identity.passKind,
+        executionIndex: identity.executionIndex,
+        measurementSource:
+          identity.passKind === 'copy' ? 'copy-boundary-envelope' : 'pass-boundary',
+        ...parsed.value,
+      });
+    }
+    mapped.value.unmap();
+    state.entries.splice(0, state.entries.length, ...measured);
+    terminalize(ok(freezeSnapshot(state)));
+    state.slot.state = 'idle';
+  };
+  return {
+    frameId: state.identity.frameId,
+    recordPass,
+    markOwnerConflict,
+    markTimestampWriteFailure,
+    copyBoundaryBefore,
+    copyBoundaryAfter,
+    timestampWrites,
+    encodeTail,
+    markSubmitted: (completion) => {
+      if (state.terminal !== undefined || state.submitted !== undefined) return;
+      if (!hasGenericTiming()) {
+        terminalize(ok(freezeSnapshot(state)));
+        state.slot.state = 'idle';
+        return;
+      }
+      state.slot.state = 'submitted';
+      state.submitted = (completion ?? device.queue.onSubmittedWorkDone())
+        .then(readback)
+        .catch((error) => {
+          terminalize(err(createResourceFailure(error, 'queue completion')));
+          state.slot.state = 'idle';
+        });
+    },
+    snapshot: () => (state.terminal?.ok === true ? state.terminal.value : freezeSnapshot(state)),
+    observe: async () => {
+      if (state.submitted !== undefined) await state.submitted;
+      if (state.terminal !== undefined) return state.terminal;
+      return err(
+        reason(
+          'timing-session-disposed',
+          'the timing capture reaches a terminal state before observation',
+          'submit the frame or abort the capture before observing it',
+          { frameId: state.identity.frameId },
+        ),
+      );
+    },
+    abort: (cause) => {
+      terminalize(
+        err(
+          reason(
+            'timestamp-readback-failed',
+            'an aborted timing capture is terminal without GPU readback',
+            'ignore the failed timing receipt and continue rendering',
+            { frameId: state.identity.frameId, cause: cause?.code ?? 'aborted' },
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+      state.slot.state = 'idle';
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+async function sessionMapReadback(
+  buffer: Buffer,
+  period: number,
+  override: GpuPassTimingSessionOptions['mapReadback'],
+): Promise<Result<MappedBuffer, GpuPassTimingReason>> {
+  try {
+    const mapped = await (override === undefined
+      ? buffer.mapAsync(GPU_MAP_MODE_READ)
+      : override(buffer));
+    if (!mapped.ok) {
+      return err(
+        reason(
+          'timestamp-readback-failed',
+          'the resolved timing buffer maps for read access',
+          'inspect the RHI map error and wait for a later receipt',
+          { ...causeDetail(mapped.error), timestampPeriodNanoseconds: period },
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    return ok(mapped.value);
+  } catch (error) {
+    return err(createResourceFailure(error, 'timing readback map'));
+  }
+}
+
+export function createGpuPassTimingSession(
+  device: RhiDevice,
+  options: GpuPassTimingOptions = {},
+  sessionOptions: GpuPassTimingSessionOptions = {},
+): Result<GpuPassTimingSession, GpuPassTimingReason> {
+  const normalized = normalizeGpuPassTimingOptions(options);
+  if (!normalized.ok) return normalized;
+  const period = device.caps.timestampPeriodNanoseconds;
+  if (!device.caps.timestampQuery || period === null || !Number.isFinite(period) || period <= 0) {
+    return err(
+      reason(
+        'timestamp-period-unavailable',
+        'timestamp-query capability and a positive finite timestamp period are available',
+        'use a backend with timestamp-query support and a trustworthy period',
+        { timestampQuery: device.caps.timestampQuery, timestampPeriodNanoseconds: period },
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+  const slots: Slot[] = [];
+  for (let index = 0; index < normalized.value.maxFramesInFlight; index += 1) {
+    const slot = createSlot(device, normalized.value);
+    if (!slot.ok) {
+      for (const created of slots) {
+        device.destroyBuffer(created.resolveBuffer);
+        device.destroyBuffer(created.readbackBuffer);
+        device.destroyQuerySet(created.querySet);
+      }
+      return slot;
+    }
+    slots.push(slot.value);
+  }
+  let disposed = false;
+  const mapReadback = sessionOptions.mapReadback;
+  let cachedLayout: CaptureLayout | undefined;
+  const publishLayout = (layout: CaptureLayout): void => {
+    cachedLayout = layout;
+  };
+  return ok({
+    options: normalized.value,
+    beginFrame: (identity) => {
+      if (disposed) {
+        return err(
+          reason(
+            'timing-session-disposed',
+            'the timing session is active',
+            'create a new session after renderer recovery or disposal',
+            { frameId: identity.frameId },
+          ),
+        );
+      }
+      const slot = slots.find((candidate) => candidate.state === 'idle');
+      if (slot === undefined) {
+        return err(
+          reason(
+            'timing-in-flight-exhausted',
+            'a bounded timing slot is idle',
+            'increase maxFramesInFlight or reduce the capture rate',
+            { maxFramesInFlight: normalized.value.maxFramesInFlight },
+          ),
+        );
+      }
+      slot.state = 'encoding';
+      slot.storage.entries.length = 0;
+      slot.storage.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex.fill(undefined);
+      const layout =
+        cachedLayout?.graphGeneration === identity.graphGeneration ? cachedLayout : undefined;
+      const state: CaptureState = {
+        identity,
+        graphGeneration: identity.graphGeneration,
+        backendKind: device.caps.backendKind,
+        timestampPeriodNanoseconds: period,
+        slot,
+        entries: slot.storage.entries,
+        queryPairs: slot.storage.queryPairs,
+        entryIndexesByExecutionIndex: slot.storage.entryIndexesByExecutionIndex,
+        layout,
+        layoutCandidateValid: true,
+        nextQueryIndex: layout?.queryCount ?? 0,
+        droppedPassCount: 0,
+        timedPassCount: 0,
+        terminal: undefined,
+        submitted: undefined,
+      };
+      slot.capture = state;
+      const capture = makeCapture(state, device, period, mapReadback, layout, publishLayout);
+      return ok(capture);
+    },
+    dispose: () => {
+      if (disposed) return;
+      disposed = true;
+      for (const slot of slots) {
+        if (slot.capture !== undefined && slot.capture.terminal === undefined) {
+          slot.capture.terminal = err(
+            reason(
+              'timing-session-disposed',
+              'the timing session is active while resources are disposed',
+              'create a new session after renderer recovery or disposal',
+              { frameId: slot.capture.identity.frameId },
+            ),
+          );
+        }
+        device.destroyBuffer(slot.resolveBuffer);
+        device.destroyBuffer(slot.readbackBuffer);
+        device.destroyQuerySet(slot.querySet);
+        slot.state = 'terminal';
+      }
+    },
+  });
+}