@falai/agent 3.4.5 → 4.0.0-alpha.2

package/src/core/Runner.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1181 @@
+/**
+ * Runner: the code half of a turn. Load, Ingest, Decide, Run, Settle and
+ * Return (design §4) with one applier, `advance`. Zero provider calls live
+ * here: the Agent asks `understandRequest` and `advance` what to judge and
+ * what to speak, spends the calls, and hands the plain results back to
+ * `decide` and `settle`.
+ *
+ *   begin ─▶ understandRequest ─(Understand)─▶ decide ─▶ advance ─(Speak)─▶ settle ─▶ finish
+ */
+
+import type { AgentOptions, EndReason, TurnInput, TurnResult } from "../types/agent.js";
+import type { TokenUsage } from "../types/ai.js";
+import type { ActionResult, Branch, DoStep, Duration, Flow, IfStep, Next, Pred, PredCtx, Repeat, SayStep, Step, StepBase, TalkStep, Trigger, WaitEventStep, WaitStep } from "../types/flow.js";
+import type { History } from "../types/history.js";
+import type { Run, Session, StepOutcome, StepOutcomeCode, StepOutcomeKind, TriggerKind } from "../types/session.js";
+import { cloneDeep } from "../utils/clone.js";
+import { parseDuration } from "../utils/duration.js";
+import { OUTCOME_MESSAGES } from "../utils/outcomes.js";
+import { coerceField, DEFAULT_MAX_ASKS, extractMode, isKnown, pendingFields } from "../utils/schema.js";
+import { render, renderDeep } from "../utils/template.js";
+import { addUsage } from "../utils/usage.js";
+import type { Deferral, IdleRequest, InputKind, SpeakOutcome, SpeakRequest, Spoken, TalkRequest, UnderstandRequest, Understanding } from "./contracts.js";
+import { deepEqual, evaluate } from "./predicate.js";
+
+/** A `wait` this short rides as `afterMs` on the next message instead of a real wake. */
+const SHORT_WAIT_MS = 10_000;
+const MAX_STEPS_PER_TURN = 50;
+const MAX_HOP = 5;
+/** Kept always-claims per flow and anchor, kept input ids, kept outcomes per run. */
+const KEEP = 50;
+/**
+ * How long a talk step waits after the provider failed, and how many times. The
+ * ladder used to be three rungs clamped by `Math.min`, which meant it never
+ * ran out: a stuck session re-ran understand AND speak every fifteen minutes
+ * for as long as it existed. It now ends after the last rung, so one outage
+ * costs at most five retries spread over seven hours instead of forever.
+ */
+const RETRY_BACKOFF: Duration[] = ["1m", "5m", "15m", "1h", "6h"];
+const DEFAULT_EVENT_WAIT: Duration = "30d";
+const ROUTE_MIN = 40;
+const ROUTE_STICKY = 15;
+
+/** What started the turn, already narrowed. */
+export type What =
+  | { kind: "message"; text: string; id?: string; at: string }
+  | { kind: "wake"; key: string }
+  | { kind: "event"; name: string; payload: unknown; key: string; hop: number }
+  | { kind: "start"; flow: string; input: unknown; key: string; hop: number };
+
+/** The mutable per-turn state. `session` is a deep copy; the input is never touched. */
+export interface Turn<C = unknown, D = unknown> {
+  readonly input: TurnInput<C, D>;
+  readonly what: What;
+  readonly kind: InputKind;
+  /** Message id, wake key, event key or start key: the trigger key of runs started this turn. */
+  readonly triggerKey: string;
+  readonly session: Session<D>;
+  readonly original?: Session<D>;
+  readonly now: Date;
+  readonly nowIso: string;
+  readonly context: C;
+  readonly silenced?: string;
+  /** The host gate allows the understand call even though the assistant cannot speak. */
+  readonly understandAllowed: boolean;
+  /** Set by a short-circuit: the input is a no-op and nothing is saved. */
+  ignored: boolean;
+  messages: TurnResult<D>["messages"];
+  schedule: TurnResult<D>["schedule"];
+  outcomes: StepOutcome[];
+  started: TurnResult<D>["started"];
+  ended: TurnResult<D>["ended"];
+  skipped: TurnResult<D>["skipped"];
+  llmCalls: number;
+  usage?: TokenUsage;
+  // ── internals ──
+  /** The run holding the floor this turn: resolved in Ingest, routed in Decide, or the asker. */
+  floorRunId?: string;
+  /** A run took or resumed the floor in Ingest: routing is skipped. */
+  floorFromIngest: boolean;
+  /** True while Ingest runs, so a child chained there counts as taking the floor in Ingest. */
+  ingesting: boolean;
+  /** Runs that emitted a `say` or an action `spoke: true` this turn. */
+  spokeBy: Set<string>;
+  /** The assistant produced output this turn (say, spoke, ai message). */
+  spoke: boolean;
+  /** A short `wait` waiting to ride on the next message. */
+  afterMs: number;
+  talk?: TalkRequest<C, D>;
+  /** Speak already happened (or was skipped): a talk step reached now waits for the next message. */
+  speakDone: boolean;
+  /** Runs still to move this phase; `follow` appends children. */
+  queue: Run[];
+}
+
+type MessageTrigger<C, D> = Extract<Trigger<C, D>, { message: string[] }>;
+type MentionTrigger<C, D> = Extract<Trigger<C, D>, { mention: string[] }>;
+type SilenceTrigger<C, D> = Extract<Trigger<C, D>, { silence: Duration }>;
+
+type TalkOf<C, D> = StepBase<D> & TalkStep<C, D>;
+type SayOf<D> = StepBase<D> & SayStep;
+type DoOf<D> = StepBase<D> & DoStep<D>;
+type WaitOf<C, D> = StepBase<D> & WaitStep<C, D>;
+type WaitEventOf<D> = StepBase<D> & WaitEventStep<D>;
+type IfOf<C, D> = StepBase<D> & IfStep<C, D>;
+
+function isTalk<C, D>(step: Step<C, D>): step is TalkOf<C, D> {
+  return "prompt" in step || "collect" in step;
+}
+function isSay<C, D>(step: Step<C, D>): step is SayOf<D> {
+  return "say" in step;
+}
+function isDo<C, D>(step: Step<C, D>): step is DoOf<D> {
+  return "do" in step;
+}
+function isWait<C, D>(step: Step<C, D>): step is WaitOf<C, D> {
+  return "wait" in step && typeof step.wait === "string";
+}
+function isWaitEvent<C, D>(step: Step<C, D>): step is WaitEventOf<D> {
+  return "wait" in step && typeof step.wait === "object";
+}
+function isIf<C, D>(step: Step<C, D>): step is IfOf<C, D> {
+  return "if" in step;
+}
+
+function triggerKind<C, D>(trigger: Trigger<C, D>): TriggerKind {
+  if ("message" in trigger) return "message";
+  if ("mention" in trigger) return "mention";
+  if ("silence" in trigger) return "silence";
+  return "event";
+}
+
+function defaultRepeat(kind: TriggerKind): Repeat {
+  return kind === "message" || kind === "mention" || kind === "silence" ? "once" : "always";
+}
+
+function talkKind(step: { collect?: readonly string[] }): StepOutcomeKind {
+  return step.collect?.length ? "collect" : "prompt";
+}
+
+function kindOf<C, D>(step: Step<C, D> | undefined): StepOutcomeKind {
+  if (!step) return "if";
+  if (isTalk(step)) return talkKind(step);
+  if (isSay(step)) return "say";
+  if (isDo(step)) return "do";
+  if (isIf(step)) return "if";
+  return "wait";
+}
+
+function describe<C, D>(input: TurnInput<C, D>, nowIso: string): What {
+  if ("message" in input) return { kind: "message", text: input.message, id: input.id, at: input.at ?? nowIso };
+  if ("wake" in input) return { kind: "wake", key: input.wake };
+  if ("event" in input) return { kind: "event", name: input.event, payload: input.payload, key: input.key, hop: input.hop ?? 0 };
+  return { kind: "start", flow: input.start.flow, input: input.start.input, key: input.start.key, hop: input.start.hop ?? 0 };
+}
+
+function freshSession<D>(id: string): Session<D> {
+  return { id, v: 4, version: 0, data: {}, runs: [], claims: {}, inputs: [], metadata: {} };
+}
+
+function keepLast<T>(list: T[], n: number): void {
+  if (list.length > n) list.splice(0, list.length - n);
+}
+
+export class Runner<C = unknown, D = unknown> {
+  private readonly flows: Map<string, Flow<C, D>>;
+
+  constructor(private readonly options: AgentOptions<C, D>) {
+    this.flows = new Map((options.flows ?? []).map((flow) => [flow.id, flow]));
+  }
+
+  // ── Load + Ingest ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  begin(input: TurnInput<C, D>): Turn<C, D> {
+    const now = (this.options.clock ?? (() => new Date()))();
+    const nowIso = now.toISOString();
+    const what = describe(input, nowIso);
+    const silenced = typeof input.silenced === "string" ? input.silenced : input.silenced?.reason;
+    const turn: Turn<C, D> = {
+      input,
+      what,
+      kind: what.kind,
+      triggerKey: what.kind === "message" ? (what.id ?? what.at) : what.key,
+      session: input.session ? cloneDeep(input.session) : freshSession<D>(input.sessionId),
+      original: input.session,
+      now,
+      nowIso,
+      // `context` is optional only when C allows undefined, so this is C at every call site that compiles.
+      context: input.context as C,
+      silenced,
+      understandAllowed: typeof input.silenced === "object" && input.silenced.understand === true,
+      ignored: false,
+      messages: [],
+      schedule: [],
+      outcomes: [],
+      started: [],
+      ended: [],
+      skipped: [],
+      llmCalls: 0,
+      floorFromIngest: false,
+      ingesting: false,
+      spokeBy: new Set(),
+      spoke: false,
+      afterMs: 0,
+      speakDone: false,
+      queue: [],
+    };
+    if (what.kind === "wake" && !input.session) {
+      this.ignore(turn, "no-session", what.key);
+      return turn;
+    }
+    turn.ingesting = true;
+    this.ingest(turn);
+    turn.ingesting = false;
+    return turn;
+  }
+
+  private ingest(turn: Turn<C, D>): void {
+    const { what, session } = turn;
+    switch (what.kind) {
+      case "message": {
+        if (what.id) {
+          if (session.inputs.includes(what.id)) {
+            this.ignore(turn, "duplicate-input", what.id);
+            return;
+          }
+          session.inputs.push(what.id);
+          keepLast(session.inputs, KEEP);
+        }
+        session.lastUserAt = what.at;
+        this.resolveReplyWaits(turn);
+        return;
+      }
+      case "wake":
+        if (what.key.startsWith("silence:")) this.silenceWake(turn, what.key);
+        else this.runWake(turn, what.key);
+        return;
+      case "event": {
+        const direction = this.options.events?.[what.name]?.direction;
+        if (direction === "inbound") {
+          session.lastUserAt = turn.nowIso;
+          this.resolveReplyWaits(turn);
+        } else if (direction === "outbound") {
+          session.lastAssistantAt = turn.nowIso;
+        }
+        for (const run of [...session.runs]) {
+          if (run.waiting?.kind !== "event" || run.waiting.event !== what.name) continue;
+          const flow = this.flows.get(run.flowId);
+          const step = flow && this.stepOf(flow, run.stepId);
+          run.status = "running";
+          delete run.waiting;
+          if (!flow || !step) continue; // move() reports the missing flow or step
+          this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "ok", code: "event-arrived", next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+          this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+          this.takeFloor(turn, run);
+        }
+        for (const flow of this.flows.values()) {
+          for (const trigger of flow.on ?? []) {
+            if (!("event" in trigger) || trigger.event !== what.name) continue;
+            if (this.startRun(turn, flow, "event", what.key, { trigger, payload: what.payload, hop: what.hop })) break;
+          }
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      case "start": {
+        const flow = this.flows.get(what.flow);
+        if (!flow) {
+          turn.skipped.push({ flowId: what.flow, anchor: session.id, triggerKey: what.key, code: "flow-gone", message: OUTCOME_MESSAGES["flow-gone"] });
+          return;
+        }
+        this.startRun(turn, flow, "start", what.key, { payload: what.input, hop: what.hop });
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** The lead wrote: every run parked on a timer `wait` with `else` takes `else`, oldest first. */
+  private resolveReplyWaits(turn: Turn<C, D>): void {
+    for (const run of [...turn.session.runs]) {
+      if (run.status !== "waiting" || run.waiting?.kind !== "timer" || run.stepId === null) continue;
+      const flow = this.flows.get(run.flowId);
+      const step = flow && this.stepOf(flow, run.stepId);
+      if (!flow || !step || !isWait(step) || step.else === undefined) continue;
+      run.status = "running";
+      delete run.waiting;
+      const branch = step.branches?.find((b) => "if" in b && this.holds(b.if, turn, run));
+      const target = branch ? branch.then : step.else;
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "ok", code: "replied", next: nextLabel(target) });
+      this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, target);
+      this.takeFloor(turn, run);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Honoured only by the run whose `waiting.key` equals it (I3). */
+  private runWake(turn: Turn<C, D>, key: string): void {
+    const run = turn.session.runs.find((r) => r.waiting?.key === key);
+    if (!run) {
+      this.ignore(turn, "stale-wake", key);
+      return;
+    }
+    const setAt = run.waiting?.setAt ?? run.startedAt;
+    run.status = "running";
+    delete run.waiting;
+    turn.floorRunId = run.id;
+    if (run.stepId === null) return; // parked on the trigger's `after`: enters its first step in advance()
+    const flow = this.flows.get(run.flowId);
+    const step = flow && this.stepOf(flow, run.stepId);
+    if (!flow || !step) return; // move() reports it
+    if (isWait(step)) {
+      // The reply beat the job: the lead wrote after the wait was set.
+      const replied = step.else !== undefined && this.leadWroteSince(turn, setAt, flow);
+      const target = replied ? step.else : step.then;
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "ok", code: replied ? "replied" : "no-reply", next: nextLabel(target) });
+      this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, target);
+    } else if (isWaitEvent(step)) {
+      // ponytail: an event wait that times out without `else` ends the run; nothing sensible follows an event that never came.
+      const target = step.else ?? "end";
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "ok", code: "no-event", next: nextLabel(target) });
+      this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, target);
+    }
+    // A deferred `do` or a retried talk step re-runs at the same visit in advance(): same key, same idempotency.
+  }
+
+  /** `silence:<flowId>:<sessionId>:<lastAssistantAtMs>`, honoured only while the blob still shows that silence. */
+  private silenceWake(turn: Turn<C, D>, key: string): void {
+    const rest = key.slice("silence:".length);
+    const flowId = rest.slice(0, rest.indexOf(":"));
+    const ms = Number(rest.slice(rest.lastIndexOf(":") + 1));
+    const { lastAssistantAt } = turn.session;
+    const flow = this.flows.get(flowId);
+    if (!flow) {
+      turn.skipped.push({ flowId, anchor: turn.session.id, triggerKey: String(ms), code: "flow-gone", message: OUTCOME_MESSAGES["flow-gone"] });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!lastAssistantAt || Date.parse(lastAssistantAt) !== ms || this.leadWroteSince(turn, lastAssistantAt, flow)) {
+      this.ignore(turn, "silence-broken", key);
+      return;
+    }
+    const trigger = (flow.on ?? []).find((t) => "silence" in t);
+    const run = this.startRun(turn, flow, "silence", String(ms), { trigger });
+    if (run) turn.floorRunId = run.id;
+  }
+
+  private ignore(turn: Turn<C, D>, code: StepOutcomeCode, key: string): void {
+    turn.ignored = true;
+    turn.outcomes.push({ kind: "wait", status: "skipped", code, message: OUTCOME_MESSAGES[code], key, at: turn.nowIso });
+  }
+
+  private takeFloor(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run): void {
+    if (!turn.session.runs.includes(run) || turn.floorFromIngest) return;
+    turn.floorFromIngest = true;
+    turn.floorRunId = run.id;
+  }
+
+  // ── Starting runs: the one start order (design §4.2) ─────────────────
+
+  private startRun(
+    turn: Turn<C, D>,
+    flow: Flow<C, D>,
+    kind: TriggerKind,
+    key: string,
+    opts: { trigger?: Trigger<C, D>; payload?: unknown; hop?: number; keepData?: boolean },
+  ): Run | null {
+    const { session } = turn;
+    const anchor = this.anchorOf(turn, flow);
+    const hop = opts.hop ?? 0;
+    const repeat = opts.trigger?.repeat ?? defaultRepeat(kind);
+    const nonce = repeat === "always" ? key : "";
+    const dedupeKey = `${flow.id}:${anchor}:${nonce}`;
+    const run: Run = {
+      id: `${flow.id}#${key}`,
+      flowId: flow.id,
+      anchor,
+      dedupeKey,
+      stepId: null,
+      status: "running",
+      trigger: { kind, key, ...(opts.payload !== undefined ? { payload: opts.payload } : {}) },
+      ...(opts.payload !== undefined ? { input: opts.payload } : {}),
+      hop,
+      startedAt: turn.nowIso,
+      asked: {},
+      visits: {},
+      outcomes: [],
+    };
+    const skip = (code: StepOutcomeCode): null => {
+      turn.skipped.push({ flowId: flow.id, anchor, triggerKey: key, code, message: OUTCOME_MESSAGES[code] });
+      return null;
+    };
+    if (opts.trigger?.if && !this.holds(opts.trigger.if, turn, run)) return null;
+    const heldAt = this.claimAt(turn, dedupeKey);
+    if (heldAt !== undefined) {
+      if (typeof repeat === "string") return skip("already-claimed");
+      if (turn.now.getTime() - Date.parse(heldAt) < parseDuration(repeat.cooldown)) return skip("cooldown");
+    }
+    if (hop >= MAX_HOP) return skip("hop-limit");
+    const live = session.runs.find((r) => r.flowId === flow.id && r.anchor === anchor);
+    if (live) {
+      if (live.status === "waiting" && live.stepId === null) this.endRun(turn, live, "replaced");
+      else return skip("already-running");
+    } else if (turn.input.claims?.active.includes(`${flow.id}:${anchor}`)) {
+      return skip("already-running");
+    }
+    session.claims[dedupeKey] = { at: turn.nowIso };
+    if (nonce) this.pruneAlwaysClaims(session, `${flow.id}:${anchor}:`);
+    if (!opts.keepData) {
+      const data: Record<string, unknown> = session.data;
+      for (const field of flow.clearOnStart ?? []) delete data[field];
+    }
+    session.runs.push(run);
+    turn.started.push({ runId: run.id, flowId: flow.id, anchor, dedupeKey });
+    const after = opts.trigger && "event" in opts.trigger ? opts.trigger.after : undefined;
+    if (after) {
+      const at = this.snap(turn, new Date(turn.now.getTime() + parseDuration(after)), opts.trigger && "event" in opts.trigger ? opts.trigger.businessHours : undefined);
+      this.park(turn, run, { kind: "timer", key: `${run.id}:start:${at.getTime()}` }, at);
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "waiting", code: "awaiting-trigger", until: at.toISOString() });
+    }
+    return run;
+  }
+
+  /** Always-claims keep the last 50 per flow and anchor; once/cooldown keys (empty nonce) are never pruned. */
+  private pruneAlwaysClaims(session: Session<D>, prefix: string): void {
+    const keys = Object.keys(session.claims).filter((k) => k.startsWith(prefix) && k.length > prefix.length);
+    for (const key of keys.slice(0, Math.max(0, keys.length - KEEP))) delete session.claims[key];
+  }
+
+  private anchorOf(turn: Turn<C, D>, flow: Flow<C, D>): string {
+    if (!flow.anchor || flow.anchor === "session") return turn.session.id;
+    return turn.input.anchors?.[flow.anchor]?.key ?? turn.session.id;
+  }
+
+  private claimAt(turn: Turn<C, D>, key: string): string | undefined {
+    return turn.session.claims[key]?.at ?? turn.input.claims?.held[key];
+  }
+
+  private repeatAllows(turn: Turn<C, D>, flow: Flow<C, D>, trigger: Trigger<C, D>, key: string): boolean {
+    const repeat = trigger.repeat ?? defaultRepeat(triggerKind(trigger));
+    const heldAt = this.claimAt(turn, `${flow.id}:${this.anchorOf(turn, flow)}:${repeat === "always" ? key : ""}`);
+    if (heldAt === undefined) return true;
+    if (typeof repeat === "string") return false;
+    return turn.now.getTime() - Date.parse(heldAt) >= parseDuration(repeat.cooldown);
+  }
+
+  /** A run as it would be if started now, for trigger-level predicates. */
+  private draftRun(turn: Turn<C, D>, flow: Flow<C, D>, kind: TriggerKind, key: string, payload?: unknown): Run {
+    const anchor = this.anchorOf(turn, flow);
+    return {
+      id: `${flow.id}#${key}`, flowId: flow.id, anchor, dedupeKey: `${flow.id}:${anchor}:`, stepId: null, status: "running",
+      trigger: { kind, key }, input: payload, hop: 0, startedAt: turn.nowIso, asked: {}, visits: {}, outcomes: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  private holds(pred: Pred<C, D>, turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, input: unknown = run.input): boolean {
+    return evaluate(
+      pred,
+      { context: turn.context, data: turn.session.data, input, run, silenced: turn.silenced, now: turn.now },
+      this.options.conditions ?? {},
+    );
+  }
+
+  private leadWroteSince(turn: Turn<C, D>, sinceIso: string, flow: Flow<C, D>): boolean {
+    const since = Date.parse(sinceIso);
+    const { lastUserAt } = turn.session;
+    if (lastUserAt && Date.parse(lastUserAt) > since) return true;
+    if (!flow.anchor || flow.anchor === "session") return false;
+    const inbound = turn.input.anchors?.[flow.anchor]?.lastInboundAt;
+    return inbound !== undefined && Date.parse(inbound) > since;
+  }
+
+  private snap(turn: Turn<C, D>, at: Date, businessHours: boolean | undefined): Date {
+    return businessHours && this.options.businessHours ? this.options.businessHours(at, { context: turn.context }) : at;
+  }
+
+  private stepOf(flow: Flow<C, D>, stepId: string | null): Step<C, D> | undefined {
+    return stepId === null ? undefined : flow.steps.find((s) => s.id === stepId);
+  }
+
+  private stepKey(run: Run, step: Step<C, D>): string {
+    return `${run.id}:${step.id}:${run.visits[step.id] ?? 0}`;
+  }
+
+  private scope(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run): { data: unknown; context: unknown; input: unknown } {
+    return { data: turn.session.data, context: turn.context, input: run.input };
+  }
+
+  private asker(turn: Turn<C, D>): Run | undefined {
+    return turn.session.runs.find((r) => r.status === "asking");
+  }
+
+  private outcome(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run | undefined, line: Omit<StepOutcome, "at" | "runId" | "flowId" | "stepId" | "message"> & { stepId?: string }): void {
+    const full: StepOutcome = {
+      ...(run ? { runId: run.id, flowId: run.flowId, stepId: line.stepId ?? run.stepId ?? undefined } : {}),
+      ...line,
+      ...(line.code ? { message: OUTCOME_MESSAGES[line.code] } : {}),
+      at: turn.nowIso,
+    };
+    if (full.stepId === undefined) delete full.stepId;
+    turn.outcomes.push(full);
+    if (run) {
+      run.outcomes.push(full);
+      keepLast(run.outcomes, KEEP);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Understand: what the one call may judge (design §4.3) ─────────────
+
+  understandRequest(turn: Turn<C, D>): UnderstandRequest<C, D> | null {
+    if (turn.ignored || turn.what.kind !== "message") return null;
+    if (turn.silenced !== undefined && !turn.understandAllowed) return null;
+    const floorRun = this.floorRun(turn);
+    const floorFlow = floorRun && this.flows.get(floorRun.flowId);
+    const eligible = this.eligibleMessageFlows(turn);
+    // Exactly one eligible message flow and no floor: it starts without scoring (S9).
+    const messageFlows = !floorRun && eligible.length === 1 ? [] : eligible;
+    const mentionFlows = this.mentionFlows()
+      .filter(({ flow, trigger }) => trigger.mention.length > 0 && this.repeatAllows(turn, flow, trigger, turn.triggerKey))
+      .map(({ flow }) => flow);
+    const branches: UnderstandRequest<C, D>["branches"] = [];
+    const askingStep = floorRun && floorFlow ? this.stepOf(floorFlow, floorRun.stepId) : undefined;
+    if (floorRun && askingStep && isTalk(askingStep)) {
+      askingStep.branches?.forEach((branch, index) => {
+        if ("when" in branch) branches.push({ runId: floorRun.id, stepId: askingStep.id, index, when: branch.when });
+      });
+    }
+    const fields: UnderstandRequest<C, D>["fields"] = {};
+    const data: Record<string, unknown> = turn.session.data;
+    for (const flow of [...(floorFlow ? [floorFlow] : []), ...eligible]) {
+      for (const step of flow.steps) {
+        if (!isTalk(step)) continue;
+        for (const field of step.collect ?? []) {
+          const def = this.options.fields[field];
+          if (def && !isKnown(data[field]) && extractMode(def) === "anywhere") fields[field] = def;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (!messageFlows.length && !mentionFlows.length && !branches.length && !Object.keys(fields).length) return null;
+    return {
+      text: turn.what.text,
+      history: this.historyOf(turn),
+      context: turn.context,
+      data: turn.session.data,
+      ...(floorRun && floorFlow ? { floor: { run: floorRun, flow: floorFlow } } : {}),
+      messageFlows,
+      mentionFlows,
+      branches,
+      fields,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** The host's history for this turn; the session's own (playground) is the fallback. */
+  private historyOf(turn: Turn<C, D>): History {
+    return turn.input.history ?? turn.session.history ?? [];
+  }
+
+  /** The asker, or the run that took the floor in Ingest. */
+  private floorRun(turn: Turn<C, D>): Run | undefined {
+    const asking = this.asker(turn);
+    if (asking) return asking;
+    return turn.floorRunId ? turn.session.runs.find((r) => r.id === turn.floorRunId) : undefined;
+  }
+
+  /** `message` flows with a non-empty list passing `if` and `repeat`, in flow order. */
+  private eligibleMessageFlows(turn: Turn<C, D>): Flow<C, D>[] {
+    return this.messageFlows(turn, (list) => list.length > 0);
+  }
+
+  private messageFlows(turn: Turn<C, D>, accept: (list: string[]) => boolean): Flow<C, D>[] {
+    const out: Flow<C, D>[] = [];
+    for (const flow of this.flows.values()) {
+      const trigger = (flow.on ?? []).find((t): t is MessageTrigger<C, D> => "message" in t && accept(t.message));
+      if (!trigger) continue;
+      if (trigger.if && !this.holds(trigger.if, turn, this.draftRun(turn, flow, "message", turn.triggerKey))) continue;
+      if (!this.repeatAllows(turn, flow, trigger, turn.triggerKey)) continue;
+      out.push(flow);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /** Every `mention` flow with its trigger, in flow order. `if` and `repeat` are judged at start, when `extract` is in hand. */
+  private mentionFlows(): Array<{ flow: Flow<C, D>; trigger: MentionTrigger<C, D> }> {
+    const out: Array<{ flow: Flow<C, D>; trigger: MentionTrigger<C, D> }> = [];
+    for (const flow of this.flows.values()) {
+      const trigger = (flow.on ?? []).find((t): t is MentionTrigger<C, D> => "mention" in t);
+      if (trigger) out.push({ flow, trigger });
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  // ── Decide: apply the judgement (design §4.4) ─────────────────────────
+
+  decide(turn: Turn<C, D>, understanding: Understanding | null): void {
+    if (turn.ignored || turn.what.kind !== "message") return;
+    turn.llmCalls += understanding?.llmCalls ?? 0;
+    turn.usage = addUsage(turn.usage, understanding?.usage);
+    const key = turn.triggerKey;
+    const asker = this.asker(turn);
+
+    // Routing is decided before extraction lands so `clearOnStart` runs first, and applied after mention runs.
+    let route: Flow<C, D> | undefined;
+    if (!turn.floorFromIngest) {
+      const eligible = this.eligibleMessageFlows(turn);
+      const scores = understanding?.flows ?? {};
+      const best = (flows: Flow<C, D>[]): { flow: Flow<C, D>; score: number } | undefined =>
+        flows.map((flow) => ({ flow, score: scores[flow.id] ?? 0 })).reduce<{ flow: Flow<C, D>; score: number } | undefined>(
+          (top, cur) => (top && top.score >= cur.score ? top : cur), undefined);
+      if (asker) {
+        const current = scores[asker.flowId] ?? 0;
+        const top = best(eligible.filter((f) => f.id !== asker.flowId));
+        if (top && top.score >= current + ROUTE_STICKY && top.score >= ROUTE_MIN) route = top.flow;
+      } else if (eligible.length === 1) {
+        route = eligible[0];
+      } else {
+        const top = best(eligible);
+        route = top && top.score >= ROUTE_MIN ? top.flow : this.messageFlows(turn, (list) => list.length === 0)[0];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // A code-only detector (`mention: []`) goes through the full start order here, so a blocked `repeat` is logged as a skip.
+    for (const { flow, trigger } of this.mentionFlows()) {
+      if (trigger.mention.length === 0) this.startRun(turn, flow, "mention", key, { trigger });
+      else if (understanding?.mentions[flow.id]) this.startRun(turn, flow, "mention", key, { trigger, payload: understanding.extract[flow.id] });
+    }
+
+    if (route) {
+      const suspended = turn.session.runs.find((r) => r.flowId === route.id && r.status === "suspended");
+      if (suspended) {
+        suspended.status = "running";
+        delete suspended.suspendedAt;
+        turn.floorRunId = suspended.id;
+      } else {
+        const trigger = (route.on ?? []).find((t) => "message" in t);
+        const run = this.startRun(turn, route, "message", key, { trigger });
+        if (run) turn.floorRunId = run.id;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const [field, raw] of Object.entries(understanding?.fields ?? {})) this.writeField(turn, field, raw);
+
+    if (asker && turn.session.runs.includes(asker) && asker.status === "asking") {
+      const flow = this.flows.get(asker.flowId);
+      const step = flow && this.stepOf(flow, asker.stepId);
+      if (flow && step && isTalk(step)) this.fireBranch(turn, asker, flow, step, understanding);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fireBranch(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, flow: Flow<C, D>, step: TalkOf<C, D>, understanding: Understanding | null): void {
+    const hit = (branch: Branch<C, D>, index: number): boolean =>
+      "if" in branch ? this.holds(branch.if, turn, run) : understanding?.branches[`${run.id}/${step.id}/${index}`] === true;
+    const index = (step.branches ?? []).findIndex(hit);
+    if (index < 0) return;
+    const branch = (step.branches ?? [])[index];
+    this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: talkKind(step), status: "ok", key: this.stepKey(run, step), code: "branch", next: nextLabel(branch.then) });
+    run.status = "running";
+    this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, branch.then);
+  }
+
+  /** Validate a raw extracted value and write it; unknown or invalid values leave an outcome line instead. */
+  private writeField(turn: Turn<C, D>, field: string, raw: unknown): void {
+    if (raw === undefined || raw === null) return;
+    const def = this.options.fields[field];
+    if (!def) {
+      this.outcome(turn, undefined, { kind: "collect", status: "skipped", code: "unknown-field", detail: field });
+      return;
+    }
+    const coerced = coerceField(def, raw);
+    if (!coerced.ok) {
+      this.outcome(turn, undefined, { kind: "collect", status: "skipped", code: coerced.code, detail: field });
+      return;
+    }
+    const data: Record<string, unknown> = turn.session.data;
+    data[field] = coerced.value;
+  }
+
+  // ── Run: move everything that can move (design §4.5) ──────────────────
+
+  async advance(turn: Turn<C, D>): Promise<TalkRequest<C, D> | IdleRequest<C, D> | null> {
+    if (turn.ignored) return null;
+    this.resumeSuspended(turn);
+    turn.queue = [...turn.session.runs];
+    await this.drain(turn);
+    return this.speaker(turn);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Everything Speak needs for this turn's one speaker. Instructions are agent,
+   * then flow, then step (idle: agent, then idle), each already judged by its
+   * `if`; tools are the step's list, else the flow's, else every agent tool.
+   */
+  speakRequest(turn: Turn<C, D>, talk: TalkRequest<C, D> | IdleRequest<C, D>): SpeakRequest<C, D> {
+    const own = "idle" in talk
+      ? { instructions: talk.idle.instructions ?? [], tools: talk.idle.tools }
+      : { instructions: [...(talk.flow.instructions ?? []), ...(talk.step.instructions ?? [])], tools: talk.step.tools ?? talk.flow.tools };
+    const ctx: PredCtx<C, D> = {
+      context: turn.context,
+      data: turn.session.data,
+      input: "idle" in talk ? undefined : talk.run.input,
+      ...("idle" in talk ? {} : { run: talk.run }),
+      silenced: turn.silenced,
+      now: turn.now,
+    };
+    const conditions = this.options.conditions ?? {};
+    const instructions = [...(this.options.instructions ?? []), ...own.instructions].filter((ins) => !ins.if || evaluate(ins.if, ctx, conditions));
+    const all = this.options.tools ?? [];
+    const allowed = own.tools;
+    return {
+      talk,
+      input: turn.what.kind === "message" ? { kind: turn.kind, text: turn.what.text } : { kind: turn.kind },
+      context: turn.context,
+      data: turn.session.data,
+      history: this.historyOf(turn),
+      now: turn.now,
+      instructions,
+      tools: allowed ? all.filter((tool) => allowed.includes(tool.id)) : all,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private speaker(turn: Turn<C, D>): TalkRequest<C, D> | IdleRequest<C, D> | null {
+    if (turn.silenced !== undefined) return null;
+    const { talk } = turn;
+    if (talk) {
+      // Another run's say (or spoke: true) already answered the lead: the floor's talk waits; the run stays asking.
+      if (turn.what.kind === "message" && [...turn.spokeBy].some((id) => id !== talk.run.id)) {
+        this.outcome(turn, talk.run, { kind: talkKind(talk.step), status: "skipped", key: this.stepKey(talk.run, talk.step), code: "another-reply" });
+        turn.talk = undefined;
+        return null;
+      }
+      return talk;
+    }
+    if (turn.what.kind === "message" && !this.asker(turn) && this.options.idle !== "silent" && turn.spokeBy.size === 0) {
+      return { idle: this.options.idle ?? { prompt: "" } };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private async drain(turn: Turn<C, D>): Promise<void> {
+    for (let run = turn.queue.shift(); run; run = turn.queue.shift()) {
+      if (turn.session.runs.includes(run)) await this.move(turn, run);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async move(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run): Promise<void> {
+    if (run.status === "waiting" || run.status === "suspended") return;
+    // An asker only re-speaks when the lead writes; wakes and events leave it alone.
+    if (run.status === "asking" && turn.what.kind !== "message") return;
+    const flow = this.flows.get(run.flowId);
+    if (!flow) {
+      this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "flow-gone");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!this.premiseHolds(turn, run, flow)) return;
+    const resuming = run.status === "asking";
+    run.status = "running";
+    if (run.stepId === null) {
+      if (!flow.steps.length) {
+        this.finishFlow(turn, run, flow);
+        return;
+      }
+      this.enter(run, flow.steps[0].id);
+    }
+    for (let steps = 0; run.status === "running" && turn.session.runs.includes(run); steps++) {
+      if (steps >= MAX_STEPS_PER_TURN) {
+        this.endRun(turn, run, "failed", "step-loop");
+        return;
+      }
+      const step = this.stepOf(flow, run.stepId);
+      if (!step) {
+        this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "step-gone");
+        return;
+      }
+      await this.execute(turn, run, flow, step, resuming && steps === 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** `while` (default: the trigger's `if`) with fresh context; silence runs add "no lead message since the run started". */
+  private premiseHolds(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, flow: Flow<C, D>): boolean {
+    // A wake-driven move only: on a message turn the lead just wrote, and the flow's `wait ... else` says what to do about it.
+    if (run.trigger.kind === "silence" && turn.what.kind === "wake" && this.leadWroteSince(turn, run.startedAt, flow)) {
+      this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "customer-replied");
+      return false;
+    }
+    let ok: boolean;
+    if (flow.while) {
+      ok = this.holds(flow.while, turn, run);
+    } else {
+      // ponytail: several triggers of one kind (two event triggers, say) are not told apart; the premise holds when any of them would fire.
+      const same = (flow.on ?? []).filter((t) => triggerKind(t) === run.trigger.kind);
+      ok = same.length === 0 || same.some((t) => !t.if || this.holds(t.if, turn, run));
+    }
+    if (!ok) this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "premise-changed");
+    return ok;
+  }
+
+  private async execute(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, flow: Flow<C, D>, step: Step<C, D>, resuming: boolean): Promise<void> {
+    const data: Record<string, unknown> = turn.session.data;
+    const key = this.stepKey(run, step);
+
+    if (isTalk(step)) {
+      const kind = talkKind(step);
+      let pending: string[] = [];
+      if (step.collect?.length) {
+        pending = pendingFields(step, data, run.asked);
+        if (!pending.length) {
+          this.reportMaxAsks(turn, run, step);
+          this.outcome(turn, run, resuming
+            ? { kind, status: "ok", key, next: nextLabel(step.then) }
+            : { kind, status: "skipped", key, code: "already-known", next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+          this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      if (turn.silenced !== undefined) {
+        if (resuming) run.status = "asking"; // the gate is closed; it speaks when the gate opens
+        else this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "silenced", kind, turn.silenced);
+        return;
+      }
+      for (const other of turn.session.runs) {
+        if (other !== run && other.status === "asking") {
+          other.status = "suspended";
+          other.suspendedAt = turn.nowIso;
+        }
+      }
+      run.status = "asking";
+      if (!turn.speakDone) turn.talk = { run, flow, step, pending };
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (isSay(step)) {
+      if (turn.silenced !== undefined) {
+        this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "silenced", "say", turn.silenced);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (step.once) {
+        const claim = `${flow.id}:${step.id}:${turn.session.id}`;
+        if (this.claimAt(turn, claim) !== undefined) {
+          this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "say", status: "skipped", key, code: "already-sent", next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+          this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+          return;
+        }
+        turn.session.claims[claim] = { at: turn.nowIso };
+      }
+      turn.messages.push({
+        text: render(step.say, this.scope(turn, run)),
+        kind: "verbatim",
+        ...(step.media ? { media: step.media } : {}),
+        afterMs: turn.afterMs,
+        key,
+        runId: run.id,
+        stepId: step.id,
+      });
+      turn.afterMs = 0;
+      turn.spokeBy.add(run.id);
+      turn.spoke = true;
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "say", status: "ok", key, next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+      this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (isDo(step)) {
+      const action = this.options.actions?.[step.do];
+      let result: ActionResult;
+      if (!action) {
+        // `validateFlow` rejects this at agent build; a spec that reached the
+        // runner another way still names what is missing rather than failing blank.
+        result = { failed: `unknown action "${step.do}"` };
+      } else {
+        try {
+          result = await action.run(renderDeep(step.with ?? {}, this.scope(turn, run)), {
+            context: turn.context, data: turn.session.data, input: run.input, run, key, dedupeKey: run.dedupeKey,
+            silenced: turn.silenced, now: turn.now, set: (patch) => void Object.assign(turn.session.data, patch),
+          });
+        } catch (error) {
+          result = { failed: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) };
+        }
+      }
+      if ("ok" in result) {
+        if (result.spoke) {
+          turn.spokeBy.add(run.id);
+          turn.spoke = true;
+        }
+        this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "do", status: "ok", key, ...(result.detail ? { detail: result.detail } : {}), next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+        this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+      } else if ("skipped" in result) {
+        this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "do", status: "skipped", key, code: "action-skipped", detail: result.skipped, next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+        this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+      } else if ("failed" in result) {
+        const target = step.onFail ?? step.then;
+        this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "do", status: "failed", key, code: "action-failed", detail: result.failed, next: nextLabel(target) });
+        this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, target);
+      } else {
+        const at = new Date(turn.now.getTime() + parseDuration(result.defer));
+        this.park(turn, run, { kind: "timer", key: `${run.id}:${step.id}:${at.getTime()}` }, at);
+        this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "do", status: "deferred", key, code: "action-deferred", detail: result.detail, until: at.toISOString() });
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (isWait(step)) {
+      const ms = parseDuration(step.wait);
+      if (ms <= SHORT_WAIT_MS) {
+        // ponytail: a short wait rides on the next message only when the very next step is a say or talk step; an `if` in between is not looked through.
+        const next = this.peek(flow, step);
+        if (next && (isSay(next) || isTalk(next))) {
+          turn.afterMs += ms;
+          this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "ok", key, code: "inline-delay", detail: `${ms}ms`, next: nextLabel(step.then) });
+          this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      const at = this.snap(turn, new Date(turn.now.getTime() + ms), step.businessHours);
+      this.park(turn, run, { kind: "timer", key: `${run.id}:${step.id}:${at.getTime()}` }, at);
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "waiting", key, until: at.toISOString() });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (isWaitEvent(step)) {
+      const at = new Date(turn.now.getTime() + parseDuration(step.wait.upTo ?? DEFAULT_EVENT_WAIT));
+      this.park(turn, run, { kind: "event", event: step.wait.event, key: `${run.id}:${step.id}:${at.getTime()}` }, at);
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "wait", status: "waiting", key, code: "awaiting-event", detail: step.wait.event, until: at.toISOString() });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (isIf(step)) {
+      const target = this.holds(step.if, turn, run) ? step.then : (step.else ?? "end");
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "if", status: "ok", key, next: nextLabel(target) });
+      this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, target);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** The step `then` leads to, when it is a step of this flow. */
+  private peek(flow: Flow<C, D>, step: Step<C, D>): Step<C, D> | undefined {
+    const { then } = step;
+    if (then === undefined) return flow.steps[flow.steps.indexOf(step) + 1];
+    if (typeof then === "string") return then === "end" ? undefined : this.stepOf(flow, then);
+    return "step" in then ? this.stepOf(flow, then.step) : undefined;
+  }
+
+  private reportMaxAsks(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, step: TalkOf<C, D>): void {
+    const data: Record<string, unknown> = turn.session.data;
+    const maxAsks = step.maxAsks ?? DEFAULT_MAX_ASKS;
+    for (const field of step.collect ?? []) {
+      const asked = run.asked[field] ?? 0;
+      if (!isKnown(data[field]) && asked >= maxAsks) {
+        this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: "collect", status: "skipped", key: this.stepKey(run, step), code: "max-asks", detail: field });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Movement primitives ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private follow(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, flow: Flow<C, D>, step: Step<C, D>, target: Next<D> | undefined): void {
+    if (target === undefined) {
+      const next = flow.steps[flow.steps.indexOf(step) + 1];
+      if (next) this.enter(run, next.id);
+      else this.finishFlow(turn, run, flow);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (typeof target === "string") {
+      if (target === "end") this.finishFlow(turn, run, flow);
+      else this.jump(turn, run, flow, target);
+      return;
+    }
+    if ("step" in target) {
+      const data: Record<string, unknown> = turn.session.data;
+      for (const field of target.clear ?? []) delete data[field];
+      this.jump(turn, run, flow, target.step);
+      return;
+    }
+    const childId = render(target.flow, this.scope(turn, run));
+    const key = this.stepKey(run, step);
+    this.endRun(turn, run, "flow");
+    this.chain(turn, childId, key, target.input ?? run.input, run.hop + 1);
+  }
+
+  /** Start a child flow that holds the floor and moves in this same phase. */
+  private chain(turn: Turn<C, D>, flowId: string, key: string, input: unknown, hop: number, keepData = false): void {
+    const child = this.flows.get(flowId);
+    if (!child) {
+      turn.skipped.push({ flowId, anchor: turn.session.id, triggerKey: key, code: "flow-gone", message: OUTCOME_MESSAGES["flow-gone"] });
+      return;
+    }
+    const run = this.startRun(turn, child, "flow", key, { payload: input, hop, keepData });
+    if (!run) return;
+    turn.floorRunId = run.id;
+    if (turn.ingesting) turn.floorFromIngest = true;
+    turn.queue.push(run);
+  }
+
+  private jump(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, flow: Flow<C, D>, stepId: string): void {
+    if (this.stepOf(flow, stepId)) this.enter(run, stepId);
+    else this.endRun(turn, run, "skipped", "step-gone");
+  }
+
+  /** Entering a step is what mints a new visit, and with it new action and message keys (I4). */
+  private enter(run: Run, stepId: string): void {
+    run.stepId = stepId;
+    run.visits[stepId] = (run.visits[stepId] ?? 0) + 1;
+    run.status = "running";
+    delete run.waiting;
+  }
+
+  private finishFlow(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, flow: Flow<C, D>): void {
+    const onEnd = flow.onEnd ?? "end";
+    const last = flow.steps[flow.steps.length - 1];
+    if (onEnd === "stay" && last) {
+      // "repete o último passo": the run stays live at its last step, re-entered so the repetition mints a new key, and runs it on the next message.
+      this.enter(run, last.id);
+      run.status = "asking";
+      return;
+    }
+    if (onEnd === "reset" && last) {
+      // The run record closes (`reason: 'reset'`) and a fresh run of the same flow starts at step one, data kept.
+      // It is a chain into itself, so it costs a hop: a code-only flow that resets forever stops at the hop cap instead of spinning.
+      const key = this.stepKey(run, last);
+      this.endRun(turn, run, "reset");
+      this.chain(turn, flow.id, key, run.input, run.hop + 1, true);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.endRun(turn, run, "end");
+  }
+
+  private endRun(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, reason: EndReason, code?: StepOutcomeCode, kind?: StepOutcomeKind, detail?: string): void {
+    const index = turn.session.runs.indexOf(run);
+    if (index >= 0) turn.session.runs.splice(index, 1);
+    if (code) {
+      const flow = this.flows.get(run.flowId);
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: kind ?? kindOf(flow && this.stepOf(flow, run.stepId)), status: reason === "failed" ? "failed" : "skipped", code, ...(detail ? { detail } : {}) });
+    }
+    turn.ended.push({ ...run, reason });
+    if (turn.talk?.run === run) turn.talk = undefined;
+  }
+
+  private park(turn: Turn<C, D>, run: Run, waiting: { kind: "timer" | "event"; key: string; event?: string }, at: Date): void {
+    run.status = "waiting";
+    run.waiting = { ...waiting, until: at.toISOString(), setAt: turn.nowIso };
+    turn.schedule.push({ key: waiting.key, at });
+  }
+
+  /** When nobody asks, the most recently suspended run returns to asking. */
+  private resumeSuspended(turn: Turn<C, D>): void {
+    if (this.asker(turn)) return;
+    const suspendedAt = (r: Run): string => r.suspendedAt ?? r.startedAt;
+    const next = turn.session.runs
+      .filter((r) => r.status === "suspended")
+      .reduce<Run | undefined>((top, cur) => (top && suspendedAt(top) > suspendedAt(cur) ? top : cur), undefined);
+    if (next) {
+      next.status = "asking";
+      delete next.suspendedAt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Settle: the one applier after Speak (design §4.7) ─────────────────
+
+  async settle(turn: Turn<C, D>, outcome: SpeakOutcome | null): Promise<void> {
+    if (turn.ignored) return;
+    turn.speakDone = true;
+    const { talk } = turn;
+    turn.talk = undefined;
+    if (outcome && "deferred" in outcome) {
+      turn.llmCalls += outcome.llmCalls;
+      turn.usage = addUsage(turn.usage, outcome.usage);
+      if (talk) this.deferTalk(turn, talk, outcome.deferred);
+      else this.outcome(turn, undefined, { kind: "idle", status: "deferred", code: outcome.deferred.code, llmCalls: outcome.llmCalls });
+    } else if (outcome) {
+      const { spoken } = outcome;
+      turn.llmCalls += spoken.llmCalls;
+      turn.usage = addUsage(turn.usage, spoken.usage);
+      if (talk) {
+        this.applySpoken(turn, talk, spoken);
+        await this.drain(turn);
+      } else {
+        if (spoken.message) {
+          turn.messages.push({ text: spoken.message, kind: "ai", afterMs: turn.afterMs, key: `idle:${turn.triggerKey}` });
+          turn.afterMs = 0;
+          turn.spoke = true;
+        }
+        Object.assign(turn.session.data, spoken.data);
+        this.outcome(turn, undefined, { kind: "idle", status: "ok", key: `idle:${turn.triggerKey}`, llmCalls: spoken.llmCalls });
+      }
+    }
+    if (turn.spoke) turn.session.lastAssistantAt = turn.nowIso;
+    this.resumeSuspended(turn);
+    this.armSilence(turn);
+  }
+
+  private applySpoken(turn: Turn<C, D>, talk: TalkRequest<C, D>, spoken: Spoken): void {
+    const { run, flow, step } = talk;
+    const key = this.stepKey(run, step);
+    if (spoken.message) {
+      turn.messages.push({ text: spoken.message, kind: "ai", afterMs: turn.afterMs, key, runId: run.id, stepId: step.id });
+      turn.afterMs = 0;
+      turn.spokeBy.add(run.id);
+      turn.spoke = true;
+    }
+    for (const [field, raw] of Object.entries(spoken.fields)) this.writeField(turn, field, raw);
+    Object.assign(turn.session.data, spoken.data);
+    this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: talkKind(step), status: "ok", key, llmCalls: spoken.llmCalls, stepId: step.id });
+    if (!turn.session.runs.includes(run)) return;
+    if (step.collect?.length) {
+      const pending = pendingFields(step, turn.session.data, run.asked);
+      if (pending.length) {
+        for (const field of pending) run.asked[field] = (run.asked[field] ?? 0) + 1;
+        run.status = "asking";
+        return;
+      }
+      this.reportMaxAsks(turn, run, step);
+    }
+    run.status = "running";
+    this.follow(turn, run, flow, step, step.then);
+    if (turn.session.runs.includes(run) && run.status === "running") turn.queue.push(run);
+  }
+
+  /** The provider failed: park the talk step under a retry wake, or stop trying. */
+  private deferTalk(turn: Turn<C, D>, talk: TalkRequest<C, D>, deferred: Deferral): void {
+    const { run, step } = talk;
+    const key = this.stepKey(run, step);
+    let attempt = 0;
+    for (let i = run.outcomes.length - 1; i >= 0 && run.outcomes[i].status === "deferred" && run.outcomes[i].stepId === step.id; i--) attempt++;
+
+    const at = this.retryAt(turn, deferred, attempt);
+    if (!at) {
+      // A wrong key, a prompt past the context window or a spent balance is not
+      // going to be different in fifteen minutes. End the run and let the host
+      // read the code, rather than burning two model calls against the same
+      // wall until someone notices.
+      this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: talkKind(step), status: "failed", key, code: deferred.code });
+      this.endRun(turn, run, "failed");
+      return;
+    }
+    const visit = run.visits[step.id] ?? 0;
+    this.park(turn, run, { kind: "timer", key: `${run.id}:${step.id}:${visit}:retry:${at.getTime()}` }, at);
+    this.outcome(turn, run, { kind: talkKind(step), status: "deferred", key, code: deferred.code, until: at.toISOString() });
+  }
+
+  /** When to try again, or `null` when trying again cannot help. */
+  private retryAt(turn: Turn<C, D>, deferred: Deferral, attempt: number): Date | null {
+    if (!deferred.retryable || attempt >= RETRY_BACKOFF.length) return null;
+    const ladder = turn.now.getTime() + parseDuration(RETRY_BACKOFF[attempt]);
+    // The provider said when its window reopens. One wake then beats climbing a
+    // ladder measured in minutes inside a limit measured in hours.
+    const reset = deferred.resetAtMs;
+    return new Date(reset !== undefined && reset > ladder ? reset : ladder);
+  }
+
+  /** The assistant spoke last: every silence flow passing `if` and `repeat` gets a wake. */
+  private armSilence(turn: Turn<C, D>): void {
+    const { session } = turn;
+    const { lastAssistantAt, lastUserAt } = session;
+    if (!lastAssistantAt || lastAssistantAt === turn.original?.lastAssistantAt) return;
+    if (lastUserAt && Date.parse(lastUserAt) > Date.parse(lastAssistantAt)) return;
+    const ms = Date.parse(lastAssistantAt);
+    const previous = turn.original?.lastAssistantAt;
+    for (const flow of this.flows.values()) {
+      const trigger = (flow.on ?? []).find((t): t is SilenceTrigger<C, D> => "silence" in t);
+      if (!trigger) continue;
+      const key = String(ms);
+      if (trigger.if && !this.holds(trigger.if, turn, this.draftRun(turn, flow, "silence", key))) continue;
+      if (!this.repeatAllows(turn, flow, trigger, key)) continue;
+      const at = this.snap(turn, new Date(ms + parseDuration(trigger.silence)), trigger.businessHours);
+      turn.schedule.push({
+        key: `silence:${flow.id}:${session.id}:${ms}`,
+        at,
+        ...(previous ? { replaces: `silence:${flow.id}:${session.id}:${Date.parse(previous)}` } : {}),
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Return (design §4.8) ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  finish(turn: Turn<C, D>): TurnResult<D> {
+    const { session, messages, schedule, outcomes, started, ended, skipped, llmCalls, usage } = turn;
+    const changed =
+      !turn.ignored &&
+      (!turn.original || !deepEqual(session, turn.original) || messages.length > 0 || schedule.length > 0 || outcomes.length > 0 || skipped.length > 0);
+    return { session, changed, messages, schedule, outcomes, started, ended, skipped, llmCalls, ...(usage ? { usage } : {}) };
+  }
+}
+
+/** The `next` column of an outcome line: a step id, `end`, or the flow a `then` chains into. */
+function nextLabel<D>(target: Next<D> | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (target === undefined) return undefined;
+  if (typeof target === "string") return target;
+  return "step" in target ? target.step : `flow:${target.flow}`;
+}