@drawcall/lod 0.0.0-stage → 0.1.0

package/dist/instanced/bounds.js

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import { Box3, Matrix4, Sphere, Vector3 } from "three/webgpu";
+import { FADE } from "../levels.js";
+import { Dirty } from "./dirty.js";
+// Cover float32 matrix products, distances and threshold arithmetic. Near a switch,
+// uncertain blocks keep both levels and cannot reuse a previous GPU selection.
+const ROUND = 1e-5;
+const matrix = new Matrix4();
+const point = new Vector3();
+const extent = new Vector3();
+/** Cached spatial blocks: instance edits refit leaves; moving views visit only blocks. */
+export class Bounds {
+    matrices;
+    spheres;
+    source;
+    sphere;
+    geometry;
+    block;
+    leaves;
+    tree;
+    dirty;
+    radii;
+    errors;
+    unsafe;
+    levelBoxes = [];
+    token = {};
+    changed = false;
+    complete = true;
+    low = 0;
+    high = 0;
+    padding = 0;
+    constructor(matrices, spheres, source, sphere, draws, 
+    /** Radius enclosing every placed level about source.center. */
+    geometry = source) {
+        this.matrices = matrices;
+        this.spheres = spheres;
+        this.source = source;
+        this.sphere = sphere;
+        this.geometry = geometry;
+        const count = matrices.length / 16;
+        // Fine leaves avoid many empty draws in small, multipart crowds. Large crowds
+        // retain bounded block traversal rather than inspecting every instance per view.
+        this.block = count <= 4096 && draws >= 8 ? 1 : 64;
+        this.leaves = 2 ** Math.ceil(Math.log2(Math.max(1, Math.ceil(count / this.block))));
+        this.tree = Array.from({ length: this.leaves * 2 }, () => ({
+            geometry: new Box3(),
+            centers: new Box3(),
+            sphere: new Sphere(),
+            smallest: Infinity,
+            largest: 0,
+            reach: 0,
+            solid: -1,
+            unsafe: false,
+        }));
+        this.dirty = new Dirty(Math.ceil(count / this.block));
+        this.radii = new Float64Array(count);
+        this.errors = new Float64Array(count);
+        this.unsafe = new Uint8Array(count);
+    }
+    /** Measure changed matrices, retaining the GPU's max-axis radius for LOD selection. */
+    measure(start, end) {
+        const { center, radius } = this.source;
+        for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+            matrix.fromArray(this.matrices, i * 16);
+            point
+                .copy(center)
+                .applyMatrix4(matrix)
+                .toArray(this.spheres, i * 4);
+            const axis = matrix.getMaxScaleOnAxis();
+            this.spheres[i * 4 + 3] = radius * axis;
+            this.radii[i] = this.geometry.radius * stretch(matrix);
+            const e = matrix.elements;
+            // Absolute terms also cover cancellation in the shader's transformed center.
+            const terms = Math.max(Math.abs(e[0] * center.x) + Math.abs(e[4] * center.y) + Math.abs(e[8] * center.z) + Math.abs(e[12]), Math.abs(e[1] * center.x) + Math.abs(e[5] * center.y) + Math.abs(e[9] * center.z) + Math.abs(e[13]), Math.abs(e[2] * center.x) + Math.abs(e[6] * center.y) + Math.abs(e[10] * center.z) + Math.abs(e[14]), radius, this.geometry.radius);
+            this.errors[i] = ROUND * Math.sqrt(3) * terms;
+            // WGSL length squares its inputs. Guard the intermediates, not only the final
+            // screen height: infinity / infinity would select level zero, not the CPU tier.
+            this.unsafe[i] = Number(unsafe(axis) || unsafe(radius) || terms > 1e15 || !Number.isFinite(terms));
+            this.dirty.add(Math.floor(i / this.block));
+        }
+    }
+    pad(padding) {
+        if (padding === this.padding)
+            return;
+        this.padding = padding;
+        this.dirty.all();
+    }
+    /** Refit only edited leaves and their ancestors. No instance scan on view changes. */
+    refit() {
+        if (this.dirty.empty)
+            return;
+        this.dirty.drain((start, end) => {
+            for (let block = start; block < end; block++) {
+                this.leaf(at(this.tree, this.leaves + block), block);
+            }
+            // Join each affected parent once per depth, making a full edit linear in the
+            // tree size even when multipart crowds use one leaf per instance.
+            let first = Math.floor((this.leaves + start) / 2);
+            let last = Math.ceil((this.leaves + end) / 2);
+            while (first > 0) {
+                for (let index = first; index < last; index++)
+                    this.join(index);
+                first = Math.floor(first / 2);
+                last = Math.ceil(last / 2);
+            }
+        });
+        enclosing(at(this.tree, 1).geometry, this.sphere);
+    }
+    leaf(node, block) {
+        node.geometry.makeEmpty();
+        node.centers.makeEmpty();
+        node.smallest = Infinity;
+        node.largest = node.reach = 0;
+        node.solid = -1;
+        node.unsafe = false;
+        const end = Math.min((block + 1) * this.block, this.radii.length);
+        for (let i = block * this.block; i < end; i++) {
+            const radius = at(this.spheres, i * 4 + 3);
+            if (radius === 0 && !at(this.unsafe, i))
+                continue;
+            node.unsafe ||= Boolean(at(this.unsafe, i));
+            const error = at(this.errors, i);
+            const reach = at(this.radii, i) * (1 + this.padding) + error;
+            point.fromArray(this.spheres, i * 4);
+            expand(node.centers, point, error);
+            expand(node.geometry, point, reach);
+            node.smallest = Math.min(node.smallest, radius);
+            node.largest = Math.max(node.largest, radius);
+            node.reach = Math.max(node.reach, reach);
+        }
+        enclosing(node.centers, node.sphere);
+    }
+    join(index) {
+        const node = at(this.tree, index);
+        const a = at(this.tree, index * 2);
+        const b = at(this.tree, index * 2 + 1);
+        node.geometry.copy(a.geometry).union(b.geometry);
+        node.centers.copy(a.centers).union(b.centers);
+        enclosing(node.centers, node.sphere);
+        node.smallest = Math.min(a.smallest, b.smallest);
+        node.largest = Math.max(a.largest, b.largest);
+        node.reach = Math.max(a.reach, b.reach);
+        node.unsafe = a.unsafe || b.unsafe;
+        node.solid = -1;
+    }
+    /** Level bounds plus a token only when every block has an unchanged solid choice. */
+    select(levels, view, reaches, measured, root) {
+        while (this.levelBoxes.length < levels.length)
+            this.levelBoxes.push(new Box3());
+        for (const box of this.levelBoxes)
+            box.makeEmpty();
+        this.complete = measured;
+        this.changed = false;
+        if (!this.sphere.isEmpty()) {
+            if (measured)
+                this.visit(1, levels, view);
+            else
+                for (const box of this.levelBoxes)
+                    box.copy(at(this.tree, 1).geometry);
+        }
+        const top = at(this.tree, 1);
+        const axis = root.getMaxScaleOnAxis();
+        // Three transforms a culling sphere by max-axis scale, which underbounds shear.
+        const dilation = axis > 0 ? stretch(root) / axis : 1;
+        reaches.forEach((sphere, level) => {
+            enclosing(at(this.levelBoxes, level), sphere);
+            const next = levels[level + 1];
+            if (measured && !top.unsafe && !unsafe(view.scale) && view.eye.length() < 1e15 && !sphere.isEmpty() && !view.ortho && view.forced === null && next) {
+                const threshold = next.maxPixels * (view.fades ? 1 - FADE : 1);
+                const radius = (2 * top.largest * view.scale * (1 + ROUND * 4)) / threshold + top.reach + view.eye.length() * ROUND;
+                if (radius < sphere.radius)
+                    sphere.set(view.eye, radius);
+            }
+            if (!sphere.isEmpty())
+                sphere.radius *= dilation;
+        });
+        if (!this.complete)
+            return undefined;
+        if (this.changed)
+            this.token = {};
+        return this.token;
+    }
+    visit(index, levels, view) {
+        const node = at(this.tree, index);
+        if (node.geometry.isEmpty())
+            return;
+        this.interval(node, view);
+        const low = this.low;
+        const high = this.high;
+        // Infinity marks an unsafe float32 interval; even legal infinite thresholds
+        // cannot exclude the source when the GPU's height may be NaN.
+        let finest = view.forced ?? (high === Infinity ? 0 : fitting(levels, high));
+        const coarsest = view.forced ?? fitting(levels, low);
+        if (view.fades && finest > 0 && high >= at(levels, finest).maxPixels * (1 - FADE) * (1 - ROUND))
+            finest--;
+        if (finest === coarsest) {
+            this.changed ||= node.solid !== finest;
+            node.solid = finest;
+            at(this.levelBoxes, finest).union(node.geometry);
+            return;
+        }
+        // Descendants may hold a proof from an older split; never reuse that after the
+        // whole branch was last selected as one solid level.
+        this.changed ||= node.solid !== -1;
+        node.solid = -1;
+        if (index < this.leaves) {
+            this.visit(index * 2, levels, view);
+            this.visit(index * 2 + 1, levels, view);
+            return;
+        }
+        this.complete = false;
+        for (let level = finest; level <= coarsest; level++)
+            at(this.levelBoxes, level).union(node.geometry);
+    }
+    interval(node, view) {
+        const distance = node.sphere.center.distanceTo(view.eye);
+        const error = view.eye.length() * ROUND;
+        const near = view.ortho ? 1 : Math.max(distance - node.sphere.radius - error, 1e-6);
+        const far = view.ortho ? 1 : Math.max(distance + node.sphere.radius + error, 1e-6);
+        this.low = ((2 * node.smallest * view.scale) / far) * (1 - ROUND * 4);
+        this.high = ((2 * node.largest * view.scale) / near) * (1 + ROUND * 4);
+        // Float32 overflow/underflow can invalidate a real-number interval. Keep all
+        // levels in these unusual cases instead of making an unsupported proof.
+        if (!Number.isFinite(this.high) ||
+            this.high > 1e30 ||
+            this.low < 1e-30 ||
+            node.unsafe ||
+            unsafe(view.scale) ||
+            distance > 1e15 ||
+            view.eye.length() > 1e15) {
+            this.low = 0;
+            this.high = Infinity;
+        }
+    }
+}
+/** Upper bound on the largest singular value, exact for orthogonal matrix axes. */
+export function stretch(matrix) {
+    const e = matrix.elements;
+    const xy = Math.abs(e[0] * e[4] + e[1] * e[5] + e[2] * e[6]);
+    const xz = Math.abs(e[0] * e[8] + e[1] * e[9] + e[2] * e[10]);
+    const yz = Math.abs(e[4] * e[8] + e[5] * e[9] + e[6] * e[10]);
+    return Math.sqrt(Math.max(e[0] ** 2 + e[1] ** 2 + e[2] ** 2 + xy + xz, e[4] ** 2 + e[5] ** 2 + e[6] ** 2 + xy + yz, e[8] ** 2 + e[9] ** 2 + e[10] ** 2 + xz + yz));
+}
+function fitting(levels, height) {
+    for (let i = levels.length - 1; i > 0; i--)
+        if (height <= at(levels, i).maxPixels)
+            return i;
+    return 0;
+}
+function expand(box, center, radius) {
+    box.expandByPoint(extent.copy(center).addScalar(-radius));
+    box.expandByPoint(extent.copy(center).addScalar(radius));
+}
+function at(values, index) {
+    const value = values[index];
+    if (value === undefined)
+        throw new Error(`InstancedLod bounds: index ${index} out of range`);
+    return value;
+}
+// These broad limits stay well inside float32's squared-length and product range.
+// Outside them, retain all levels and let the GPU make the original selection.
+function unsafe(value) {
+    return !Number.isFinite(value) || Math.abs(value) > 1e15 || (value !== 0 && Math.abs(value) < 1e-15);
+}
+function enclosing(box, sphere) {
+    box.getBoundingSphere(sphere);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(sphere.radius) || !Number.isFinite(sphere.center.lengthSq())) {
+        sphere.center.set(0, 0, 0);
+        sphere.radius = Infinity;
+    }
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=bounds.js.map

package/dist/instanced/bounds.js.map

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package/dist/instanced/dirty.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/** Changed indices, drained as ordered runs without scanning unchanged instances. */
+export declare class Dirty {
+    private readonly count;
+    private readonly bits;
+    private readonly words;
+    constructor(count: number);
+    get empty(): boolean;
+    add(index: number): void;
+    all(): void;
+    /** End is exclusive. Edits made by the visitor are not supported. */
+    drain(visit: (start: number, end: number) => void): void;
+}

package/dist/instanced/dirty.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/** Changed indices, drained as ordered runs without scanning unchanged instances. */
+export class Dirty {
+    count;
+    bits;
+    words = [];
+    constructor(count) {
+        this.count = count;
+        this.bits = new Uint32Array(Math.ceil(count / 32));
+    }
+    get empty() {
+        return this.words.length === 0;
+    }
+    add(index) {
+        const word = index >>> 5;
+        const before = at(this.bits, word);
+        this.bits[word] = before | (1 << (index & 31));
+        if (before !== 0)
+            return;
+        this.words.push(word);
+    }
+    all() {
+        this.words.length = 0;
+        this.bits.fill(0xffffffff);
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.bits.length; i++)
+            this.words.push(i);
+        if (this.bits.length > 0 && this.count % 32)
+            this.bits[this.bits.length - 1] = 0xffffffff >>> (32 - (this.count % 32));
+    }
+    /** End is exclusive. Edits made by the visitor are not supported. */
+    drain(visit) {
+        let start = -1;
+        let end = -1;
+        this.words.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+        for (const word of this.words) {
+            let bits = at(this.bits, word);
+            this.bits[word] = 0;
+            while (bits !== 0) {
+                const index = word * 32 + 31 - Math.clz32(bits & -bits);
+                bits &= bits - 1;
+                if (index === end) {
+                    end++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (start >= 0)
+                    visit(start, end);
+                start = index;
+                end = index + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        this.words.length = 0;
+        if (start >= 0)
+            visit(start, end);
+    }
+}
+function at(values, index) {
+    const value = values[index];
+    if (value === undefined)
+        throw new Error(`Dirty: index ${index} out of range`);
+    return value;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=dirty.js.map

package/dist/instanced/dirty.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/instanced/index.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import { type Color, Matrix4, Object3D, Sphere, type Camera, type Intersection, type Raycaster } from "three/webgpu";
+import { type LodLevel } from "../levels.js";
+import { type LevelsEventMap } from "../lazy.js";
+import { WIND_BOUNDS } from "../wind/hooks.js";
+/**
+ * `count` copies of one object with levels of detail, each switched by its own height on
+ * screen: `Lod` for instances. The GPU sorts the instances into levels once per view
+ * (see select.ts) and every mesh of a level draws the instances it holds in one indirect
+ * draw; an instance near a switch is in both neighbours and they split its pixels with
+ * the dither. Thresholds, `forceLevel`, `Lod.quality`, `Lod.debug` and shadows work as
+ * for `Lod`; nothing of an instance is drawn into a directional light's shadow map whose
+ * texels are wider than it. Each level is culled by the crowd's bounds, tightened for
+ * finer levels to the region near the camera where their instances can draw.
+ *
+ * Instance matrices are model transforms of the object, as for an InstancedMesh; set
+ * them with `setMatrixAt`, and instance colours with `setColorAt`. An instance at scale 0
+ * draws nothing. Its own transform (and its parents') should scale uniformly; instances
+ * may scale any way.
+ *
+ * Levels are templates, read when it is built: their meshes are drawn instanced, not
+ * added to the scene. They cannot contain skinned meshes, InstancedMeshes (other than an
+ * ImpostorMesh) or nested Lods. To build a hierarchy on top, leave level 0 empty (see
+ * `Lod`) and draw the detail of the instances `levelOf` reports at level 0 yourself.
+ */
+export declare class InstancedLod extends Object3D<LevelsEventMap> {
+    readonly isLOD = true;
+    readonly isInstancedLod = true;
+    /** Let the renderer call `update` with its camera every frame. */
+    autoUpdate: boolean;
+    /** Draw only this level for every instance, without fades. */
+    forceLevel: number | null;
+    readonly levels: readonly LodLevel[];
+    readonly count: number;
+    private readonly entries;
+    /** Per level, the meshes drawing it. */
+    private readonly meshes;
+    private readonly probes;
+    private selection;
+    private fallback;
+    private readonly installed;
+    private disposed;
+    /** Instance matrices, 16 floats each: the selection uploads them from here. */
+    private readonly matrices;
+    /** Instance colours, 4 floats each, once `setColorAt` was called. */
+    private colors;
+    /** Each instance's bounding sphere, centre and radius, in the InstancedLod's space. */
+    private readonly spheres;
+    /** Bounding sphere of the source in an instance's space. */
+    private readonly sphere;
+    /** Every placed level, kept separate from the source sphere used for LOD selection. */
+    private readonly envelope;
+    private readonly rest;
+    /** Around every instance; each level may use tighter bounds. */
+    readonly bounds: Sphere;
+    /** Per level, what its meshes are culled by: `bounds`, or less where its instances must be near the camera. */
+    private readonly reaches;
+    /** Logical demand at the initial default viewport, separate from first-draw visibility. */
+    private readonly demand;
+    /** Source-radius padding for the shadow caster cutoff; culling pads every level separately. */
+    private padding;
+    private readonly matrixChanges;
+    private readonly colorChanges;
+    private blocks;
+    private readonly last;
+    /** `levels[0]` is the source. Empty only as the target of `copy`. */
+    constructor(levels?: Object3D[], count?: number);
+    private build;
+    /** Install ready atlas templates atomically before selecting this view. */
+    private refresh;
+    /** Bound what the level meshes draw, including template placement and impostor boxes. */
+    private boundLevels;
+    /** Material group `group` of `template` drawn for every instance in `level`'s slots, from indirect draw arguments at byte `offset`. */
+    private instance;
+    private bind;
+    setMatrixAt(index: number, matrix: Matrix4): void;
+    getMatrixAt(index: number, matrix: Matrix4): Matrix4;
+    /** Tint instance `index` by `color`, as InstancedMesh.setColorAt does, in every level. */
+    setColorAt(index: number, color: Color): void;
+    /** Instance `index`'s colour: white unless set. */
+    getColorAt(index: number, color: Color): Color;
+    /** Carry `colors` with the instances from now on: every level's meshes draw them. */
+    private useColors;
+    /**
+     * The finest level instance `index` drew in the last update, or null before the first
+     * (or at scale 0). Inside a fade the next coarser level draws too.
+     */
+    levelOf(index: number): number | null;
+    private check;
+    /** Source radius padded for the level shaders' shadow caster cutoff. */
+    private get drawRadius();
+    [WIND_BOUNDS](padding: number, slope: number, baseY: number): void;
+    /** Measure only changed matrices; matrix and colour uploads have separate ranges. */
+    private measure;
+    private measureChanges;
+    /** Sort the instances into levels for `camera`; three's renderer calls this itself while `autoUpdate`. */
+    update(camera: Camera): void;
+    /** Only levels whose conservative bounds contain a possible selected instance. */
+    private showLevels;
+    /**
+     * Hits every instance's source level, with `instanceId` set; `object` is this
+     * InstancedLod. Meshes of the source on layers the raycaster does not test are skipped.
+     */
+    raycast(raycaster: Raycaster, intersects: Intersection[]): boolean;
+    /**
+     * Copies `source`'s levels, instances and settings into this empty InstancedLod of the
+     * same count (it throws otherwise); the copy shares geometry and textures with `source`.
+     */
+    copy(source: InstancedLod): this;
+    clone(): this;
+    /**
+     * Frees every level, the source included, and the instanced meshes. Clones share
+     * geometry and textures, so dispose only once no clone draws any more.
+     */
+    dispose(): void;
+    private clearDraws;
+}