@cubis/foundry 0.3.30 → 0.3.32

package/workflows/workflows/agent-environment-setup/platforms/cursor/skills/graphql-architect/references/federation.md

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+# Apollo Federation
+
+## Subgraph Setup
+
+```typescript
+// users-subgraph/schema.graphql
+extend schema
+  @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.5", import: ["@key", "@shareable"])
+
+type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  username: String!
+  createdAt: DateTime!
+}
+
+type Query {
+  user(id: ID!): User
+  users: [User!]!
+}
+
+// users-subgraph/resolvers.ts
+import { ApolloServer } from '@apollo/server';
+import { buildSubgraphSchema } from '@apollo/subgraph';
+import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
+
+const typeDefs = readFileSync('./schema.graphql', 'utf8');
+
+const resolvers = {
+  User: {
+    __resolveReference: async (
+      reference: { id: string },
+      context: Context
+    ): Promise<User> => {
+      return context.dataSources.users.findById(reference.id);
+    },
+  },
+
+  Query: {
+    user: async (parent, args: { id: string }, context: Context) => {
+      return context.dataSources.users.findById(args.id);
+    },
+    users: async (parent, args, context: Context) => {
+      return context.dataSources.users.findAll();
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+const server = new ApolloServer({
+  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([{ typeDefs, resolvers }]),
+});
+```
+
+## Entity Keys and References
+
+```graphql
+# products-subgraph/schema.graphql
+extend schema
+  @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.5", import: [
+    "@key",
+    "@shareable",
+    "@interfaceObject"
+  ])
+
+# Single key field
+type Product @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  name: String!
+  price: Float!
+  sku: String! @shareable
+}
+
+# Composite key
+type Variant @key(fields: "productId sku") {
+  productId: ID!
+  sku: String!
+  size: String!
+  color: String!
+}
+
+# Multiple keys (different ways to identify)
+type Review @key(fields: "id") @key(fields: "productId authorId") {
+  id: ID!
+  productId: ID!
+  authorId: ID!
+  rating: Int!
+  content: String!
+}
+```
+
+## Extending Types Across Subgraphs
+
+```graphql
+# users-subgraph: owns User
+type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  username: String!
+}
+
+# posts-subgraph: extends User with posts
+extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID! @external
+  posts: [Post!]!
+}
+
+type Post @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  title: String!
+  content: String!
+  authorId: ID!
+  author: User!
+}
+```
+
+```typescript
+// posts-subgraph/resolvers.ts
+const resolvers = {
+  User: {
+    // Reference resolver: fetch User stub by id
+    __resolveReference: async (
+      reference: { id: string },
+      context: Context
+    ) => {
+      return { id: reference.id };
+    },
+
+    // Field resolver: resolve posts for User
+    posts: async (user: { id: string }, args, context: Context) => {
+      return context.dataSources.posts.findByAuthor(user.id);
+    },
+  },
+
+  Post: {
+    // Resolve author as User entity reference
+    author: (post: Post) => {
+      return { __typename: 'User', id: post.authorId };
+    },
+  },
+};
+```
+
+## Federation Directives
+
+```graphql
+extend schema
+  @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.5", import: [
+    "@key",
+    "@requires",
+    "@provides",
+    "@external",
+    "@shareable",
+    "@override",
+    "@inaccessible",
+    "@tag"
+  ])
+
+# @key: Define entity with primary key
+type Product @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  name: String!
+}
+
+# @external: Field defined in another subgraph
+extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID! @external
+  email: String! @external
+  isVerified: Boolean! @external
+}
+
+# @requires: Field needs external data
+extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID! @external
+  email: String! @external
+  isVerified: Boolean! @external
+  # Can only compute if we have email and isVerified
+  canPost: Boolean! @requires(fields: "email isVerified")
+}
+
+# @provides: Optimization hint
+type Post @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  author: User! @provides(fields: "username")
+}
+
+# @shareable: Field can be resolved by multiple subgraphs
+type Product @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  sku: String! @shareable
+  name: String!
+}
+
+# @override: Migration between subgraphs
+type Product @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  # Override from legacy-subgraph
+  price: Float! @override(from: "legacy-subgraph")
+}
+
+# @inaccessible: Hide from supergraph
+type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  internalId: String! @inaccessible
+}
+
+# @tag: Organize schema
+type Query {
+  products: [Product!]! @tag(name: "public")
+  adminUsers: [User!]! @tag(name: "admin")
+}
+```
+
+## Gateway Configuration
+
+```typescript
+// gateway/server.ts
+import { ApolloGateway, IntrospectAndCompose } from '@apollo/gateway';
+import { ApolloServer } from '@apollo/server';
+
+const gateway = new ApolloGateway({
+  supergraphSdl: new IntrospectAndCompose({
+    subgraphs: [
+      { name: 'users', url: 'http://localhost:4001/graphql' },
+      { name: 'posts', url: 'http://localhost:4002/graphql' },
+      { name: 'products', url: 'http://localhost:4003/graphql' },
+    ],
+    // Poll for schema updates
+    pollIntervalInMs: 10000,
+  }),
+
+  // Error handling
+  serviceHealthCheck: true,
+
+  // Query planning debug
+  debug: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
+});
+
+const server = new ApolloServer({
+  gateway,
+
+  // Context propagation to subgraphs
+  context: async ({ req }) => {
+    const token = req.headers.authorization || '';
+    return { token };
+  },
+});
+
+await server.listen(4000);
+console.log('Gateway ready at http://localhost:4000');
+```
+
+## Managed Federation (Apollo Studio)
+
+```typescript
+// gateway/server.ts with managed federation
+import { ApolloGateway } from '@apollo/gateway';
+import { ApolloServer } from '@apollo/server';
+
+const gateway = new ApolloGateway({
+  // No subgraph URLs needed - fetched from Apollo Studio
+  // Schema composition happens in Apollo Studio
+  async supergraphSdl({ update }) {
+    // Fetch from Apollo Uplink
+    const supergraphSdl = await fetchSupergraphSdl();
+    return {
+      supergraphSdl,
+      cleanup: async () => {},
+    };
+  },
+});
+
+// Subgraph reporting to Apollo Studio
+import { ApolloServerPluginInlineTrace } from '@apollo/server/plugin/inlineTrace';
+
+const subgraphServer = new ApolloServer({
+  schema: buildSubgraphSchema([{ typeDefs, resolvers }]),
+  plugins: [
+    ApolloServerPluginInlineTrace(),
+  ],
+});
+```
+
+## Value Types vs Entities
+
+```graphql
+# Value type: no @key, resolved entirely by one subgraph
+type Address {
+  street: String!
+  city: String!
+  country: String!
+  postalCode: String!
+}
+
+# Entity: has @key, can be extended by other subgraphs
+type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  # Value type embedded in entity
+  address: Address
+}
+
+# Another subgraph can extend User but not Address
+extend type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID! @external
+  orders: [Order!]!
+}
+```
+
+## Interface Objects
+
+```graphql
+# accounts-subgraph
+type User implements Account @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  role: String!
+}
+
+type AdminUser implements Account @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  role: String!
+  permissions: [String!]!
+}
+
+interface Account {
+  id: ID!
+  email: String!
+  role: String!
+}
+
+# orders-subgraph (doesn't know about User/AdminUser)
+extend schema @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.5", import: ["@key", "@interfaceObject"])
+
+type Order @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  account: Account!
+}
+
+# Use @interfaceObject to reference Account without knowing implementations
+type Account @key(fields: "id") @interfaceObject {
+  id: ID!
+}
+```
+
+## Query Planning Optimization
+
+```graphql
+# Inefficient: requires multiple roundtrips
+type Query {
+  user(id: ID!): User
+}
+
+type User @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  posts: [Post!]!
+}
+
+extend type Post @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID! @external
+  author: User!
+}
+
+# Better: provide data to avoid extra fetch
+type Post @key(fields: "id") {
+  id: ID!
+  authorId: ID!
+  # Optimization: provide username directly
+  author: User! @provides(fields: "username")
+}
+
+# Gateway can fulfill some User fields from Post subgraph
+# without fetching from User subgraph
+```
+
+## Error Handling in Federation
+
+```typescript
+const resolvers = {
+  User: {
+    __resolveReference: async (
+      reference: { id: string },
+      context: Context
+    ) => {
+      try {
+        const user = await context.dataSources.users.findById(reference.id);
+        if (!user) {
+          // Return null for missing entity (soft error)
+          return null;
+        }
+        return user;
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Hard error propagates to client
+        throw new GraphQLError('Failed to resolve user', {
+          extensions: {
+            code: 'USER_RESOLUTION_FAILED',
+            userId: reference.id,
+          },
+        });
+      }
+    },
+  },
+};
+```
+
+## Federation Best Practices
+
+1. **Entity Design**: Use @key for types that need to be extended
+2. **Subgraph Boundaries**: Align with team/service boundaries
+3. **Shared Types**: Use @shareable for truly shared fields
+4. **Migration**: Use @override for gradual subgraph migration
+5. **Performance**: Use @provides to optimize query planning
+6. **Value Types**: Use plain types for embedded data
+7. **Composition**: Test schema composition in CI/CD
+8. **Versioning**: Use managed federation for safe deployments
+9. **Monitoring**: Track query planning and resolver performance
+10. **Documentation**: Document entity ownership and extension patterns