@codyswann/lisa 1.0.0

package/nestjs/copy-overwrite/.claude/skills/nestjs-graphql/references/project-patterns.md

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+# Project-Specific Patterns
+
+This document covers patterns specific to this project's NestJS GraphQL implementation, including zero-trust authentication, DataLoader integration, and documentation standards.
+
+## Zero-Trust Auth System
+
+### Auth Architecture
+
+**Zero-Trust Principles:**
+- Everything is inaccessible by default (deny-by-default)
+- Every operation must explicitly declare auth requirements
+- Missing auth declarations throw errors at schema build time
+
+### Auth Levels
+
+| Level | Operation-Level | Field-Level | Description |
+|-------|-----------------|-------------|-------------|
+| `Public` | Yes | Yes | No authentication required |
+| `Authed` | Yes | Yes | Any authenticated user |
+| `Owner` | **No** | Yes | Only the resource owner |
+| `Groups` | Yes | Yes | Members of specified groups |
+
+**Why Owner doesn't work at operation level:**
+At the Query/Mutation level, there is no parent `source` object to check ownership against. Owner auth requires a parent object with an owner field (e.g., `todo.ownerId`) which only exists when resolving nested fields.
+
+### Operation-Level Auth Decorators
+
+```typescript
+import { Public, Authed, Groups } from "../auth";
+
+// Public access - no auth required
+@Query(() => String, { description: "Public health check" })
+@Public()
+hello(): string {
+  return "Hello World";
+}
+
+// Authenticated users only
+@Query(() => [Todo], { description: "User's todos" })
+@Authed()
+async myTodos(@Context() { req }: GraphQLContext): Promise<Todo[]> {
+  return this.todoService.findByUser(req.user.id);
+}
+
+// Group-based access
+@Mutation(() => Boolean, { description: "Admin-only operation" })
+@Groups("ADMINS", "MODERATORS")
+async deleteAllSpam(): Promise<boolean> {
+  return this.spamService.deleteAll();
+}
+```
+
+### Ownership Checks in Mutations
+
+Since `@Owner` doesn't work at operation level, check ownership in resolver:
+
+```typescript
+@Mutation(() => Todo, { description: "Update a todo" })
+@Authed()
+async updateTodo(
+  @Args("id", { type: () => ID }) id: string,
+  @Args("input") input: UpdateTodoInput,
+  @Context() { req }: GraphQLContext
+): Promise<Todo> {
+  const todo = await this.todoService.findById(id);
+
+  if (!todo) {
+    throw new GraphQLError("Todo not found", {
+      extensions: { code: "NOT_FOUND" },
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (todo.ownerId !== req.user.id) {
+    throw new GraphQLError("Not authorized to update this todo", {
+      extensions: { code: "UNAUTHORIZED" },
+    });
+  }
+
+  return this.todoService.update(id, input);
+}
+```
+
+### Field-Level Auth
+
+For protecting sensitive fields on object types:
+
+```typescript
+import { FieldAuth } from "../auth";
+import { AuthLevel } from "../auth/auth.types";
+
+@ObjectType()
+export class User {
+  @Field()
+  name: string;
+
+  // Only owner or admins can see email
+  @Field()
+  @FieldAuth({
+    read: [AuthLevel.OWNER, AuthLevel.GROUPS],
+    write: [AuthLevel.OWNER],
+    groups: ["ADMINS"],
+    ownerField: "id",
+  })
+  email: string;
+
+  // Only owner can see SSN
+  @Field()
+  @FieldAuth({
+    read: [AuthLevel.OWNER],
+    write: [AuthLevel.OWNER],
+    ownerField: "id",
+  })
+  ssn: string;
+}
+```
+
+### Auth Types
+
+```typescript
+interface AuthUser {
+  readonly id: string;
+  readonly sub: string;
+  readonly groups?: readonly string[];
+  readonly organizationId?: string;
+}
+
+interface GraphQLContext {
+  readonly req: {
+    readonly user?: AuthUser;
+  };
+  readonly res: Response;
+  readonly loaders: IDataLoaders;
+}
+```
+
+## DataLoader Integration
+
+### Architecture Overview
+
+DataLoader prevents N+1 queries by batching and caching database requests within a single GraphQL request.
+
+**Key Concepts:**
+1. **Per-Request Fresh Loaders**: Each GraphQL request gets new DataLoader instances
+2. **Batch Loading**: Multiple `.load()` calls are batched together
+3. **Order Preservation**: Results return in same order as input keys
+
+### IDataLoaders Interface
+
+```typescript
+// src/data-loader/data-loader.interface.ts
+import DataLoader from "dataloader";
+
+export interface IDataLoaders {
+  readonly usersLoader: DataLoader<string, User | null>;
+  readonly postsByAuthorLoader: DataLoader<string, Post[]>;
+  readonly commentsLoader: DataLoader<string, Comment[]>;
+  // Add new loaders here as needed
+}
+```
+
+### DataLoaderService
+
+```typescript
+// src/data-loader/data-loader.service.ts
+import { Injectable } from "@nestjs/common";
+import DataLoader from "dataloader";
+
+@Injectable()
+export class DataLoaderService {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly userService: UserService,
+    private readonly postService: PostService
+  ) {}
+
+  getLoaders(): IDataLoaders {
+    return {
+      usersLoader: this.createUsersLoader(),
+      postsByAuthorLoader: this.createPostsByAuthorLoader(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private createUsersLoader(): DataLoader<string, User | null> {
+    return new DataLoader<string, User | null>(async (ids) => {
+      const users = await this.userService.findByIds([...ids]);
+      const userMap = new Map(users.map(u => [u.id, u]));
+      return ids.map(id => userMap.get(id) ?? null);
+    });
+  }
+
+  private createPostsByAuthorLoader(): DataLoader<string, Post[]> {
+    return new DataLoader<string, Post[]>(async (authorIds) => {
+      const posts = await this.postService.findByAuthorIds([...authorIds]);
+      const postMap = new Map<string, Post[]>();
+
+      for (const post of posts) {
+        const existing = postMap.get(post.authorId) ?? [];
+        postMap.set(post.authorId, [...existing, post]);
+      }
+
+      return authorIds.map(id => postMap.get(id) ?? []);
+    });
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Using DataLoader in Resolvers
+
+```typescript
+@Resolver(() => Post)
+export class PostResolver {
+  @ResolveField(() => User, { description: "Post author" })
+  async author(
+    @Parent() post: Post,
+    @Context() { loaders }: GraphQLContext
+  ): Promise<User | null> {
+    if (!post.authorId) return null;
+    return loaders.usersLoader.load(post.authorId);
+  }
+}
+
+@Resolver(() => User)
+export class UserResolver {
+  @ResolveField(() => [Post], { description: "User's posts" })
+  async posts(
+    @Parent() user: User,
+    @Context() { loaders }: GraphQLContext
+  ): Promise<Post[]> {
+    return loaders.postsByAuthorLoader.load(user.id);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Adding a New DataLoader
+
+1. Add batch method to service:
+   ```typescript
+   async findByIds(ids: readonly string[]): Promise<Entity[]> {
+     return this.repository.findBy({ id: In([...ids]) });
+   }
+   ```
+
+2. Add loader type to interface:
+   ```typescript
+   export interface IDataLoaders {
+     readonly entityLoader: DataLoader<string, Entity | null>;
+   }
+   ```
+
+3. Create loader in service:
+   ```typescript
+   private createEntityLoader(): DataLoader<string, Entity | null> {
+     return new DataLoader(async (ids) => {
+       const entities = await this.entityService.findByIds([...ids]);
+       const map = new Map(entities.map(e => [e.id, e]));
+       return ids.map(id => map.get(id) ?? null);
+     });
+   }
+   ```
+
+4. Add to getLoaders():
+   ```typescript
+   getLoaders(): IDataLoaders {
+     return {
+       entityLoader: this.createEntityLoader(),
+       // ... other loaders
+     };
+   }
+   ```
+
+5. Use in resolver:
+   ```typescript
+   @ResolveField(() => Entity, { nullable: true })
+   async entity(
+     @Parent() parent: Parent,
+     @Context() { loaders }: GraphQLContext
+   ): Promise<Entity | null> {
+     if (!parent.entityId) return null;
+     return loaders.entityLoader.load(parent.entityId);
+   }
+   ```
+
+## GraphQL Documentation Standards
+
+### Documentation Requirements
+
+**Every element must be documented:**
+- Types (`@ObjectType`)
+- Fields (`@Field`)
+- Queries (`@Query`)
+- Mutations (`@Mutation`)
+- Arguments (`@Args`)
+- Input types (`@InputType`)
+- Enums (via `registerEnumType`)
+
+### Documentation Pattern
+
+Use both JSDoc (for code) AND `description` option (for introspection):
+
+```typescript
+/**
+ * A user account in the system.
+ *
+ * Represents an authenticated user with profile information.
+ */
+@ObjectType({
+  description: "A user account with profile information",
+})
+export class User {
+  /**
+   * The user's unique identifier.
+   */
+  @Field(() => ID, { description: "The user's unique identifier" })
+  id: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The user's email address.
+   *
+   * Used for authentication and notifications.
+   */
+  @Field(() => String, {
+    description: "Email address for authentication and notifications",
+  })
+  email: string;
+}
+```
+
+### Query/Mutation Documentation
+
+```typescript
+/**
+ * Retrieves a user by their unique identifier.
+ *
+ * @param id - The unique identifier of the user
+ * @returns The user if found, null otherwise
+ */
+@Query(() => User, {
+  nullable: true,
+  description: "Retrieves a user by ID. Returns null if not found.",
+})
+@Authed()
+async user(
+  @Args("id", { description: "The unique identifier" }) id: string
+): Promise<User | null> {
+  return this.userService.findById(id);
+}
+```
+
+### Enum Documentation
+
+```typescript
+export enum OrderStatus {
+  PENDING = "PENDING",
+  CONFIRMED = "CONFIRMED",
+  SHIPPED = "SHIPPED",
+  DELIVERED = "DELIVERED",
+}
+
+registerEnumType(OrderStatus, {
+  name: "OrderStatus",
+  description: "Status of an order in the fulfillment pipeline",
+  valuesMap: {
+    PENDING: { description: "Order received but not yet processed" },
+    CONFIRMED: { description: "Order confirmed and payment received" },
+    SHIPPED: { description: "Order has been shipped" },
+    DELIVERED: { description: "Order delivered to customer" },
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Description Guidelines
+
+| Element | Guidelines |
+|---------|------------|
+| **First line** | Complete, concise sentence (imperative for actions) |
+| **Constraints** | Document max/min values, valid formats |
+| **Nullability** | Explain null vs empty semantics |
+| **Units** | Always specify: "Duration in milliseconds" |
+| **Defaults** | Document default values: "Default: 20" |
+| **Examples** | Include for complex fields: "Example: 2024-01-15" |
+
+### Naming Conventions
+
+| Element | Convention | Example |
+|---------|------------|---------|
+| Types | PascalCase, singular | `User`, `OrderItem` |
+| Fields | camelCase | `firstName`, `orderDate` |
+| Arguments | camelCase | `userId`, `pageSize` |
+| Enums | PascalCase | `OrderStatus` |
+| Enum Values | SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE | `PENDING`, `IN_PROGRESS` |
+| Input Types | PascalCase + `Input` | `CreateUserInput` |
+| Mutations | verb + object | `createUser`, `updateOrder` |
+| Queries | noun (no verb prefix) | `user` not `getUser` |
+
+### Deprecation
+
+```typescript
+@Field(() => String, {
+  nullable: true,
+  deprecationReason: "Use `primaryEmail` instead. Will be removed in v3.0.",
+  description: "The user's email address.",
+})
+email?: string;
+```
+
+## Module Structure
+
+### Feature Module Pattern
+
+```
+src/
+├── users/
+│   ├── users.module.ts      # Module definition
+│   ├── users.resolver.ts    # GraphQL resolver
+│   ├── users.resolver.test.ts
+│   ├── users.service.ts     # Business logic
+│   ├── users.service.test.ts
+│   ├── dto/
+│   │   ├── create-user.input.ts
+│   │   └── update-user.input.ts
+│   └── entities/
+│       └── user.entity.ts   # ObjectType + TypeORM entity
+```
+
+### Module Registration
+
+```typescript
+// src/users/users.module.ts
+@Module({
+  providers: [UsersService, UsersResolver],
+  exports: [UsersService],
+})
+export class UsersModule {}
+
+// src/app.module.ts
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    GraphQLModule.forRootAsync({ /* ... */ }),
+    DataLoaderModule,
+    UsersModule,
+    PostsModule,
+  ],
+})
+export class AppModule {}
+```
+
+## Error Handling Patterns
+
+### Standard Error Response
+
+```typescript
+import { GraphQLError } from "graphql";
+
+// Not found
+throw new GraphQLError("User not found", {
+  extensions: { code: "NOT_FOUND", id },
+});
+
+// Unauthorized
+throw new GraphQLError("Not authorized", {
+  extensions: { code: "UNAUTHORIZED" },
+});
+
+// Validation
+throw new GraphQLError("Invalid email format", {
+  extensions: { code: "VALIDATION_ERROR", field: "email" },
+});
+
+// Business logic
+throw new GraphQLError("Insufficient funds", {
+  extensions: { code: "BUSINESS_ERROR", balance: 100, required: 150 },
+});
+```
+
+### Error Codes
+
+| Code | HTTP Equivalent | Use Case |
+|------|-----------------|----------|
+| `NOT_FOUND` | 404 | Resource doesn't exist |
+| `UNAUTHORIZED` | 401 | Not authenticated |
+| `FORBIDDEN` | 403 | Not authorized |
+| `VALIDATION_ERROR` | 400 | Invalid input |
+| `BUSINESS_ERROR` | 422 | Business rule violation |
+| `INTERNAL_ERROR` | 500 | Server error |