@codexo/exojs 0.12.0 → 0.14.0

package/dist/esm/rendering/Container.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"Container.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/rendering/Container.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAEA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,mCAAmC,CAAC;AAE3E,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAE1C;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiBG;AACH,qBAAa,SAAU,SAAQ,UAAU;IACvC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,SAAS,CAAoB;IAE9C,IAAW,QAAQ,IAAI,UAAU,EAAE,CAElC;IAED,IAAW,KAAK,IAAI,MAAM,CAEzB;IAED,IAAW,KAAK,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAE7B;IAED,IAAW,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAE1B;IAED,IAAW,MAAM,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAE9B;IAED,IAAW,IAAI,IAAI,MAAM,CAExB;IAED,IAAW,GAAG,IAAI,MAAM,CAEvB;IAED,IAAW,KAAK,IAAI,MAAM,CAEzB;IAED,IAAW,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAE1B;IAED;;;OAGG;IACI,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI;IAQhD;;;;OAIG;IACI,UAAU,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI;IAyBlD,YAAY,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,IAAI;IAanE,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,MAAM;IAUxC,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI;IAarD,UAAU,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,UAAU;IAQ5C,gEAAgE;IACzD,WAAW,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,IAAI;IAUpC,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI;IAkBzC;;;OAGG;IACI,cAAc,CAAC,KAAK,SAAI,EAAE,GAAG,GAAE,MAA8B,GAAG,IAAI;IA4B3E,gBAAgB;cACG,eAAe,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,iBAAiB,GAAG,IAAI;IAUpD,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO;cAIpC,4BAA4B,IAAI,IAAI;IAMvC,YAAY,IAAI,IAAI;IAYpB,OAAO,IAAI,IAAI;CAKhC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"Container.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/rendering/Container.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAEzC,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,mCAAmC,CAAC;AAE3E,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAE1C;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiBG;AACH,qBAAa,SAAU,SAAQ,UAAU;IACvC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,SAAS,CAAoB;IAE9C,IAAW,QAAQ,IAAI,UAAU,EAAE,CAElC;IAED,IAAW,KAAK,IAAI,MAAM,CAEzB;IAED,IAAW,KAAK,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAE7B;IAED,IAAW,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAE1B;IAED,IAAW,MAAM,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAE9B;IAED,IAAW,IAAI,IAAI,MAAM,CAExB;IAED,IAAW,GAAG,IAAI,MAAM,CAEvB;IAED,IAAW,KAAK,IAAI,MAAM,CAEzB;IAED,IAAW,MAAM,IAAI,MAAM,CAE1B;IAED;;;OAGG;IACI,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI;IAQhD;;;;OAIG;IACI,UAAU,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI;IA0BlD,YAAY,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,WAAW,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,IAAI;IAanE,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,MAAM;IAUxC,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI;IAarD,UAAU,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,UAAU;IAS5C,gEAAgE;IACzD,WAAW,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,IAAI;IAUpC,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI;IAoBzC;;;OAGG;IACI,cAAc,CAAC,KAAK,SAAI,EAAE,GAAG,GAAE,MAA8B,GAAG,IAAI;IA8B3E,qEAAqE;IACrD,SAAS,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,KAAK,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,IAAI;IAYpD,gBAAgB;cACG,eAAe,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,iBAAiB,GAAG,IAAI;IAWpD,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO;cAapC,4BAA4B,IAAI,IAAI;IAMvC,YAAY,IAAI,IAAI;IAYpB,OAAO,IAAI,IAAI;CAKhC"}

package/dist/esm/rendering/Container.js

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { removeArrayItems } from '../core/utils.js';
-import { getActiveInteractionManager } from '../input/internal/interactionManagerRegistry.js';
 import { RenderNode } from './RenderNode.js';
 
 /**
@@ -79,7 +78,8 @@ class Container extends RenderNode {
         this.invalidateCache();
         child._invalidateSubtreeTransform();
         this._invalidateBoundsCascade();
-        getActiveInteractionManager()?._notifyNodeAdded(child);
+        child._setStage(this._stage);
+        this._stage?.interaction._notifyNodeAdded(child);
         return this;
     }
     swapChildren(firstChild, secondChild) {
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ class Container extends RenderNode {
         if (index < 0 || index >= this._children.length) {
             throw new Error(`getChildAt: Index (${index}) does not exist.`);
         }
+        // Bounds-checked above.
         return this._children[index];
     }
     /** Remove `child` from this container. No-op if not present. */
@@ -130,7 +131,9 @@ class Container extends RenderNode {
             this._invalidateBoundsCascade();
             child.parent = null;
             child._invalidateSubtreeTransform();
-            getActiveInteractionManager()?._notifyNodeRemoved(child);
+            this._stage?.interaction._notifyNodeRemoved(child);
+            this._stage?.focus._notifyNodeRemoved(child);
+            child._setStage(null);
         }
         this.invalidateCache();
         return this;
@@ -153,24 +156,44 @@ class Container extends RenderNode {
             if (child?.parent === this) {
                 child.parent = null;
                 child._invalidateSubtreeTransform();
-                getActiveInteractionManager()?._notifyNodeRemoved(child);
+                this._stage?.interaction._notifyNodeRemoved(child);
+                this._stage?.focus._notifyNodeRemoved(child);
+                child._setStage(null);
             }
         }
         removeArrayItems(this._children, begin, range);
         this.invalidateCache();
         return this;
     }
+    /** @internal — propagate the owning stage down the whole subtree. */
+    _setStage(stage) {
+        if (this._stage === stage) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._stage = stage;
+        for (const child of this._children) {
+            child._setStage(stage);
+        }
+    }
     /** @internal */
     _collectContent(builder) {
         if (this._children.length === 0) {
             return;
         }
         for (let index = 0; index < this._children.length; index++) {
+            // In-bounds: index < length.
             this._children[index]._collect(builder, index);
         }
     }
     contains(x, y) {
-        return this._children.some(child => child.contains(x, y));
+        const children = this._children;
+        for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+            // In-bounds: i < length.
+            if (children[i].contains(x, y)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
     }
     _invalidateChildrenTransform() {
         for (const child of this._children) {

package/dist/esm/rendering/Container.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/esm/rendering/Drawable.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { Color } from '#core/Color';
+import { type MaterialKey } from '#rendering/plan/RenderCommand';
 import type { RenderPlanBuilder } from '#rendering/plan/RenderPlanBuilder';
+import type { RenderBackend } from '#rendering/RenderBackend';
+import { type PixelSnapMode } from './pixelSnap';
 import { RenderNode } from './RenderNode';
 import { BlendModes } from './types';
 /**
@@ -12,10 +15,41 @@ import { BlendModes } from './types';
 export declare class Drawable extends RenderNode {
     private _tint;
     private _blendMode;
+    private _pixelSnapMode;
+    /**
+     * Cached material key (Slice 2b). `null` until first computed or after
+     * {@link invalidateCache}. Bound to {@link _materialKeyBackend} so a backend
+     * switch (multi-app / multi-backend) recomputes rather than returning stale
+     * renderer ids. Drawables that carry their own {@link Material} bypass this
+     * cache entirely (the material can mutate its keys without notifying us).
+     */
+    private _materialKey;
+    private _materialKeyBackend;
     get tint(): Color;
     set tint(tint: Color);
     get blendMode(): BlendModes;
     set blendMode(blendMode: BlendModes);
+    /**
+     * Render-only pixel-snapping policy for this drawable. Aligns the rendered
+     * origin (`'position'`) or origin plus shared geometry boundaries
+     * (`'geometry'`) to the active render target's device-pixel grid. Purely
+     * visual: logical `x`/`y`, transforms, bounds, collision, tween and physics
+     * state are never affected, and {@link getBounds}/{@link getGlobalTransform}
+     * keep returning logical values.
+     *
+     * `'geometry'` is guaranteed only for axis-aligned transforms; rotation or
+     * skew (on this node, an ancestor, or the view) downgrade it to `'position'`
+     * for the affected frame, with no logical-state change. Snapping targets
+     * device pixels (× view scale × pixel ratio), not integer world units.
+     *
+     * Setting the current value is a no-op. Setting a value outside the
+     * {@link PixelSnapMode} union throws and leaves the prior mode unchanged.
+     *
+     * @default 'none'
+     * @stable
+     */
+    get pixelSnapMode(): PixelSnapMode;
+    set pixelSnapMode(mode: PixelSnapMode);
     /**
      * Set the tint colour by copying `color` into the internal {@link Color} instance.
      * Invalidates the render cache so the change is picked up on the next frame.
@@ -32,6 +66,19 @@ export declare class Drawable extends RenderNode {
     _isDrawableForRenderPlan(): boolean;
     /** @internal */
     _renderPlanGetBlendMode(): BlendModes;
+    /**
+     * Resolve this drawable's {@link MaterialKey}, reusing a cached key when valid
+     * (Slice 2b). The cache busts on any tint/blend/texture/material/shader/
+     * pixel-snap mutation via {@link invalidateCache}, and on a backend switch.
+     *
+     * Drawables that own a {@link Material} are never cached — the material can
+     * change its `pipelineKey`/`bindKey` internally without notifying the node —
+     * so they recompute into the held key (still zero per-frame allocation).
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _getOrComputeMaterialKey(backend: RenderBackend): MaterialKey;
+    invalidateCache(): this;
     destroy(): void;
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=Drawable.d.ts.map

package/dist/esm/rendering/Drawable.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"Drawable.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/rendering/Drawable.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AACpC,OAAO,EAA0B,KAAK,WAAW,EAAwB,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AAC/G,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,mCAAmC,CAAC;AAC3E,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAE9D,OAAO,EAAmB,KAAK,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAClE,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAC1C,OAAO,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,SAAS,CAAC;AAErC;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,qBAAa,QAAS,SAAQ,UAAU;IACtC,OAAO,CAAC,KAAK,CAA8B;IAC3C,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,CAAiC;IACnD,OAAO,CAAC,cAAc,CAAyB;IAE/C;;;;;;OAMG;IACH,OAAO,CAAC,YAAY,CAA4B;IAChD,OAAO,CAAC,mBAAmB,CAA8B;IAEzD,IAAW,IAAI,IAAI,KAAK,CAEvB;IAED,IAAW,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK,EAE1B;IAED,IAAW,SAAS,IAAI,UAAU,CAEjC;IAED,IAAW,SAAS,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,UAAU,EAEzC;IAED;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;OAkBG;IACH,IAAW,aAAa,IAAI,aAAa,CAExC;IAED,IAAW,aAAa,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,aAAa,EAW3C;IAED;;;OAGG;IACI,OAAO,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,KAAK,GAAG,IAAI;IASlC;;;OAGG;IACI,YAAY,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,IAAI;IAShD,gBAAgB;cACG,eAAe,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,iBAAiB,GAAG,IAAI;IAIpE,gBAAgB;IACA,wBAAwB,IAAI,OAAO;IAInD,gBAAgB;IACA,uBAAuB,IAAI,UAAU;IAIrD;;;;;;;;;;OAUG;IACI,wBAAwB,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,aAAa,GAAG,WAAW;IAsCpD,eAAe,IAAI,IAAI;IASvB,OAAO,IAAI,IAAI;CAKhC"}

package/dist/esm/rendering/Drawable.js

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { Color } from '../core/Color.js';
+import { drawableHasOwnMaterial, writeMaterialKeyInto } from './plan/RenderCommand.js';
+import { isPixelSnapMode } from './pixelSnap.js';
 import { RenderNode } from './RenderNode.js';
 import { BlendModes } from './types.js';
 
@@ -12,6 +14,16 @@ import { BlendModes } from './types.js';
 class Drawable extends RenderNode {
     _tint = Color.white.clone();
     _blendMode = BlendModes.Normal;
+    _pixelSnapMode = 'none';
+    /**
+     * Cached material key (Slice 2b). `null` until first computed or after
+     * {@link invalidateCache}. Bound to {@link _materialKeyBackend} so a backend
+     * switch (multi-app / multi-backend) recomputes rather than returning stale
+     * renderer ids. Drawables that carry their own {@link Material} bypass this
+     * cache entirely (the material can mutate its keys without notifying us).
+     */
+    _materialKey = null;
+    _materialKeyBackend = null;
     get tint() {
         return this._tint;
     }
@@ -24,6 +36,38 @@ class Drawable extends RenderNode {
     set blendMode(blendMode) {
         this.setBlendMode(blendMode);
     }
+    /**
+     * Render-only pixel-snapping policy for this drawable. Aligns the rendered
+     * origin (`'position'`) or origin plus shared geometry boundaries
+     * (`'geometry'`) to the active render target's device-pixel grid. Purely
+     * visual: logical `x`/`y`, transforms, bounds, collision, tween and physics
+     * state are never affected, and {@link getBounds}/{@link getGlobalTransform}
+     * keep returning logical values.
+     *
+     * `'geometry'` is guaranteed only for axis-aligned transforms; rotation or
+     * skew (on this node, an ancestor, or the view) downgrade it to `'position'`
+     * for the affected frame, with no logical-state change. Snapping targets
+     * device pixels (× view scale × pixel ratio), not integer world units.
+     *
+     * Setting the current value is a no-op. Setting a value outside the
+     * {@link PixelSnapMode} union throws and leaves the prior mode unchanged.
+     *
+     * @default 'none'
+     * @stable
+     */
+    get pixelSnapMode() {
+        return this._pixelSnapMode;
+    }
+    set pixelSnapMode(mode) {
+        if (mode === this._pixelSnapMode) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!isPixelSnapMode(mode)) {
+            throw new Error(`Drawable.pixelSnapMode must be 'none', 'position', or 'geometry' (got ${String(mode)}).`);
+        }
+        this._pixelSnapMode = mode;
+        this.invalidateCache();
+    }
     /**
      * Set the tint colour by copying `color` into the internal {@link Color} instance.
      * Invalidates the render cache so the change is picked up on the next frame.
@@ -58,6 +102,50 @@ class Drawable extends RenderNode {
     _renderPlanGetBlendMode() {
         return this._blendMode;
     }
+    /**
+     * Resolve this drawable's {@link MaterialKey}, reusing a cached key when valid
+     * (Slice 2b). The cache busts on any tint/blend/texture/material/shader/
+     * pixel-snap mutation via {@link invalidateCache}, and on a backend switch.
+     *
+     * Drawables that own a {@link Material} are never cached — the material can
+     * change its `pipelineKey`/`bindKey` internally without notifying the node —
+     * so they recompute into the held key (still zero per-frame allocation).
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _getOrComputeMaterialKey(backend) {
+        const cached = this._materialKey;
+        if (cached !== null) {
+            if (drawableHasOwnMaterial(this)) {
+                // Own-material path: never trust the cache, but reuse the held object.
+                return writeMaterialKeyInto(cached, this, backend);
+            }
+            if (this._materialKeyBackend === backend) {
+                return cached;
+            }
+            // Backend switched: recompute into the held key, rebind to the backend.
+            this._materialKeyBackend = backend;
+            return writeMaterialKeyInto(cached, this, backend);
+        }
+        const key = writeMaterialKeyInto({
+            rendererId: 0,
+            blendMode: this._blendMode,
+            textureId: -1,
+            shaderId: -1,
+            pipelineKey: 0,
+            bindKey: 0,
+        }, this, backend);
+        this._materialKey = key;
+        this._materialKeyBackend = backend;
+        return key;
+    }
+    invalidateCache() {
+        super.invalidateCache();
+        // Bust the cached material key; next emitDraw recomputes it. The held object
+        // is kept and rewritten in place on the next miss (no re-allocation).
+        this._materialKeyBackend = null;
+        return this;
+    }
     destroy() {
         super.destroy();
         this._tint.destroy();

package/dist/esm/rendering/Drawable.js.map

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package/dist/esm/rendering/GpuResourceAccountant.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import type { RenderStats } from './RenderStats';
+/**
+ * Per-backend GPU resource accountant (Slice 2g — Resource-Accounting).
+ *
+ * The GPU exposes no way to query VRAM usage (neither WebGL2 nor WebGPU report
+ * it — a deliberate security boundary), so the engine keeps its own running
+ * tally by booking every allocation (`+`) and every free (`−`) at the points
+ * where the backend creates or destroys a GPU texture / buffer. The same
+ * bookkeeping runs against the Node fake-context, so it is fully deterministic
+ * and CI-testable.
+ *
+ * The accountant owns the authoritative running total ({@link liveBytes}) and
+ * mirrors it into {@link RenderStats.gpuMemoryBytes}. Unlike the per-frame
+ * counters, that total is **not** zeroed by {@link resetRenderStats} — live
+ * resources outlive frames. The per-frame upload / download accumulators are
+ * written straight into the stats object and reset each tick.
+ *
+ * One accountant per backend instance (never module-global) so that multiple
+ * concurrent {@link Application}s keep independent tallies.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export declare class GpuResourceAccountant {
+    private readonly _stats;
+    private _liveBytes;
+    constructor(stats: RenderStats);
+    /** Current running total of live GPU resource bytes (textures + buffers). */
+    get liveBytes(): number;
+    /**
+     * Record an allocation of `bytes` GPU memory (texture storage or buffer).
+     * Pass a non-negative value; the running total and the mirrored
+     * `stats.gpuMemoryBytes` both increase.
+     */
+    allocate(bytes: number): void;
+    /**
+     * Record a free of `bytes` GPU memory. Clamped at zero so a double-free or a
+     * missed allocation can never drive the tally negative. To avoid transient
+     * spikes on resize, book the free **before** the matching re-allocation.
+     */
+    free(bytes: number): void;
+    /**
+     * Re-book a resource whose byte size changed in place (e.g. a texture resize):
+     * frees the previous size and allocates the next, never dipping below zero.
+     * Returns the new size so callers can stash it for the next free.
+     */
+    reallocate(previousBytes: number, nextBytes: number): number;
+    /** Record `bytes` of content-texture pixel data uploaded this frame (CPU → GPU). */
+    recordTextureUpload(bytes: number): void;
+    /** Record `bytes` of buffer data uploaded this frame (CPU → GPU). */
+    recordBufferUpload(bytes: number): void;
+    /** Record a GPU → CPU readback of `bytes` this frame (e.g. `mapAsync`, `readPixels`). */
+    recordDownload(bytes: number): void;
+}
+/**
+ * Estimated bytes for a 2D texture of `width × height` at `bytesPerPixel`,
+ * including the mip chain when `mipLevelCount > 1`. A full mip chain adds
+ * roughly ¹⁄₃ over the base level; this sums the exact per-level footprint
+ * (each level a quarter of the previous, floored at 1×1).
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export declare const estimateTextureBytes: (width: number, height: number, bytesPerPixel: number, mipLevelCount?: number) => number;
+/** Bytes per pixel for the {@link DataTexture} formats (shared by both backends). @internal */
+export declare const dataTextureBytesPerPixel: (format: "r8" | "r32f" | "rgba8" | "rgba32f") => number;
+//# sourceMappingURL=GpuResourceAccountant.d.ts.map

package/dist/esm/rendering/GpuResourceAccountant.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/esm/rendering/GpuResourceAccountant.js

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/**
+ * Per-backend GPU resource accountant (Slice 2g — Resource-Accounting).
+ *
+ * The GPU exposes no way to query VRAM usage (neither WebGL2 nor WebGPU report
+ * it — a deliberate security boundary), so the engine keeps its own running
+ * tally by booking every allocation (`+`) and every free (`−`) at the points
+ * where the backend creates or destroys a GPU texture / buffer. The same
+ * bookkeeping runs against the Node fake-context, so it is fully deterministic
+ * and CI-testable.
+ *
+ * The accountant owns the authoritative running total ({@link liveBytes}) and
+ * mirrors it into {@link RenderStats.gpuMemoryBytes}. Unlike the per-frame
+ * counters, that total is **not** zeroed by {@link resetRenderStats} — live
+ * resources outlive frames. The per-frame upload / download accumulators are
+ * written straight into the stats object and reset each tick.
+ *
+ * One accountant per backend instance (never module-global) so that multiple
+ * concurrent {@link Application}s keep independent tallies.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+class GpuResourceAccountant {
+    _stats;
+    _liveBytes = 0;
+    constructor(stats) {
+        this._stats = stats;
+        this._stats.gpuMemoryBytes = 0;
+    }
+    /** Current running total of live GPU resource bytes (textures + buffers). */
+    get liveBytes() {
+        return this._liveBytes;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Record an allocation of `bytes` GPU memory (texture storage or buffer).
+     * Pass a non-negative value; the running total and the mirrored
+     * `stats.gpuMemoryBytes` both increase.
+     */
+    allocate(bytes) {
+        if (bytes <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._liveBytes += bytes;
+        this._stats.gpuMemoryBytes = this._liveBytes;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Record a free of `bytes` GPU memory. Clamped at zero so a double-free or a
+     * missed allocation can never drive the tally negative. To avoid transient
+     * spikes on resize, book the free **before** the matching re-allocation.
+     */
+    free(bytes) {
+        if (bytes <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._liveBytes = Math.max(0, this._liveBytes - bytes);
+        this._stats.gpuMemoryBytes = this._liveBytes;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Re-book a resource whose byte size changed in place (e.g. a texture resize):
+     * frees the previous size and allocates the next, never dipping below zero.
+     * Returns the new size so callers can stash it for the next free.
+     */
+    reallocate(previousBytes, nextBytes) {
+        this.free(previousBytes);
+        this.allocate(nextBytes);
+        return nextBytes;
+    }
+    /** Record `bytes` of content-texture pixel data uploaded this frame (CPU → GPU). */
+    recordTextureUpload(bytes) {
+        if (bytes <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._stats.textureUploadBytes += bytes;
+    }
+    /** Record `bytes` of buffer data uploaded this frame (CPU → GPU). */
+    recordBufferUpload(bytes) {
+        if (bytes <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._stats.bufferUploadBytes += bytes;
+    }
+    /** Record a GPU → CPU readback of `bytes` this frame (e.g. `mapAsync`, `readPixels`). */
+    recordDownload(bytes) {
+        if (bytes <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._stats.downloadBytes += bytes;
+        this._stats.downloadCount++;
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Estimated bytes for a 2D texture of `width × height` at `bytesPerPixel`,
+ * including the mip chain when `mipLevelCount > 1`. A full mip chain adds
+ * roughly ¹⁄₃ over the base level; this sums the exact per-level footprint
+ * (each level a quarter of the previous, floored at 1×1).
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+const estimateTextureBytes = (width, height, bytesPerPixel, mipLevelCount = 1) => {
+    const baseWidth = Math.max(1, Math.floor(width));
+    const baseHeight = Math.max(1, Math.floor(height));
+    const levels = Math.max(1, Math.floor(mipLevelCount));
+    let total = 0;
+    let levelWidth = baseWidth;
+    let levelHeight = baseHeight;
+    for (let level = 0; level < levels; level++) {
+        total += levelWidth * levelHeight * bytesPerPixel;
+        if (levelWidth === 1 && levelHeight === 1) {
+            break;
+        }
+        levelWidth = Math.max(1, levelWidth >> 1);
+        levelHeight = Math.max(1, levelHeight >> 1);
+    }
+    return total;
+};
+/** Bytes per pixel for the {@link DataTexture} formats (shared by both backends). @internal */
+const dataTextureBytesPerPixel = (format) => {
+    switch (format) {
+        case 'r8':
+            return 1;
+        case 'r32f':
+            return 4;
+        case 'rgba8':
+            return 4;
+        case 'rgba32f':
+            return 16;
+    }
+};
+
+export { GpuResourceAccountant, dataTextureBytesPerPixel, estimateTextureBytes };
+//# sourceMappingURL=GpuResourceAccountant.js.map

package/dist/esm/rendering/GpuResourceAccountant.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/esm/rendering/RenderBackend.d.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { Color } from '#core/Color';
 import type { Matrix } from '#math/Matrix';
 import type { Rectangle } from '#math/Rectangle';
 import type { Geometry } from '#rendering/geometry/Geometry';
+import type { Mesh } from '#rendering/mesh/Mesh';
 import type { RenderTexture } from '#rendering/texture/RenderTexture';
 import type { Texture } from '#rendering/texture/Texture';
 import type { BackendRenderPass } from './BackendRenderPass';
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ import type { View } from './View';
  */
 export interface RenderBackend {
     readonly backendType: RenderBackendType;
-    readonly rendererRegistry: RendererRegistry<any>;
+    readonly rendererRegistry: RendererRegistry<RenderBackend>;
     readonly view: View;
     readonly renderTarget: RenderTarget;
     readonly stats: RenderStats;
@@ -75,6 +76,19 @@ export interface RenderBackend {
      */
     composeWithAlphaMask(content: RenderTexture, mask: Texture | RenderTexture, x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number, blendMode: BlendModes): this;
     draw(drawable: Drawable): this;
+    /**
+     * Submit an explicit instanced batch: draw `mesh`'s geometry once with `count`
+     * per-instance `(transform, tint)` pairs, written into fresh shared transform
+     * slots, as a single instanced draw call. `mesh` carries the geometry,
+     * material, texture and blend mode; its own transform and tint are ignored.
+     * Only the first `count` entries of `transforms` / `tints` are read.
+     *
+     * Used internally by {@link RenderingContext.drawBatch}. The geometry must use
+     * the `triangle-list` topology and the standard mesh attribute layout; a
+     * supplied material must be instancing-compatible (default mesh material, or a
+     * custom shader declaring `a_nodeIndex` + `u_transforms`).
+     */
+    drawInstanced(mesh: Mesh, transforms: readonly Matrix[], tints: readonly Color[], count: number): this;
     execute(pass: BackendRenderPass): this;
     flush(): this;
     destroy(): void;

package/dist/esm/rendering/RenderBackend.d.ts.map

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package/dist/esm/rendering/RenderBatch.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { Color } from '#core/Color';
+import { Matrix } from '#math/Matrix';
+import type { Geometry } from '#rendering/geometry/Geometry';
+import type { MeshMaterial } from '#rendering/material/MeshMaterial';
+/**
+ * Explicit instanced draw submission: **one** {@link Geometry} + {@link MeshMaterial}
+ * drawn **once** with **N** per-instance `(transform, tint)` pairs — the general
+ * form of the engine's mesh-instancing model, surfaced for data-driven rendering
+ * (thousands of tiles, bullets, grass blades, procedural items as a single draw).
+ *
+ * Build it up with {@link add}, hand it to {@link RenderingContext.drawBatch},
+ * and {@link clear} it to reuse the same instance across frames without
+ * reallocating — the per-instance transform/tint storage grows on demand and is
+ * retained across `clear()`, so a steady-state batch allocates nothing.
+ *
+ * Each {@link add} **copies** the transform and tint into internal storage, so
+ * the caller may mutate or reuse the passed `Matrix`/`Color` immediately
+ * afterwards without affecting the batch.
+ *
+ * This is the explicit instanced submission path — distinct from the internal
+ * automatic sprite batcher: every instance shares the one geometry and material,
+ * and the whole batch is a single instanced draw call.
+ * @stable
+ */
+export declare class RenderBatch {
+    /** The geometry every instance in this batch draws. */
+    readonly geometry: Geometry;
+    /** The shared mesh material, or `null` for the default mesh material. */
+    readonly material: MeshMaterial | null;
+    private readonly _transforms;
+    private readonly _tints;
+    private _count;
+    constructor(geometry: Geometry, material?: MeshMaterial | null);
+    /** Number of instances currently in the batch. */
+    get count(): number;
+    /**
+     * Append one instance. `transform` is the instance's world matrix (taken as
+     * the raw `a,b,c,d,tx,ty`), `tint` modulates the geometry's vertex colors
+     * (defaults to white). Both are copied into the batch.
+     */
+    add(transform: Matrix, tint?: Color | null): this;
+    /** Reset to zero instances for reuse, retaining the pooled storage. */
+    clear(): this;
+    /**
+     * Release the pooled per-instance storage. After this the batch must not be
+     * reused. The {@link geometry} and {@link material} are owned by the caller and
+     * are not destroyed.
+     */
+    destroy(): void;
+    /** Pooled per-instance transforms; only the first {@link count} are valid. @internal */
+    get _instanceTransforms(): readonly Matrix[];
+    /** Pooled per-instance tints; only the first {@link count} are valid. @internal */
+    get _instanceTints(): readonly Color[];
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=RenderBatch.d.ts.map

package/dist/esm/rendering/RenderBatch.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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