@clayroach/effect 3.19.14-source-capture.8 → 3.19.14-source-trace.1

package/src/internal/pubsub.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1762 @@
+import * as Chunk from "../Chunk.js"
+import type * as Deferred from "../Deferred.js"
+import type * as Effect from "../Effect.js"
+import * as Effectable from "../Effectable.js"
+import { dual, pipe } from "../Function.js"
+import * as MutableQueue from "../MutableQueue.js"
+import * as MutableRef from "../MutableRef.js"
+import { nextPow2 } from "../Number.js"
+import * as Option from "../Option.js"
+import { pipeArguments } from "../Pipeable.js"
+import type * as PubSub from "../PubSub.js"
+import type * as Queue from "../Queue.js"
+import type * as Scope from "../Scope.js"
+import * as core from "./core.js"
+import * as executionStrategy from "./executionStrategy.js"
+import * as fiberRuntime from "./fiberRuntime.js"
+import * as queue from "./queue.js"
+
+const AbsentValue = Symbol.for("effect/PubSub/AbsentValue")
+type AbsentValue = typeof AbsentValue
+
+/** @internal */
+export interface AtomicPubSub<in out A> {
+  readonly capacity: number
+  isEmpty(): boolean
+  isFull(): boolean
+  size(): number
+  publish(value: A): boolean
+  publishAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A>
+  slide(): void
+  subscribe(): Subscription<A>
+  replayWindow(): ReplayWindow<A>
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+interface Subscription<out A> {
+  isEmpty(): boolean
+  size(): number
+  poll<D>(default_: D): A | D
+  pollUpTo(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A>
+  unsubscribe(): void
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+type Subscribers<A> = Map<
+  Subscription<A>,
+  Set<MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>>
+>
+
+const addSubscribers = <A>(
+  subscription: Subscription<A>,
+  pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+) =>
+(subscribers: Subscribers<A>) => {
+  if (!subscribers.has(subscription)) {
+    subscribers.set(subscription, new Set())
+  }
+  const set = subscribers.get(subscription)!
+  set.add(pollers)
+}
+
+const removeSubscribers = <A>(
+  subscription: Subscription<A>,
+  pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+) =>
+(subscribers: Subscribers<A>) => {
+  if (!subscribers.has(subscription)) {
+    return
+  }
+  const set = subscribers.get(subscription)!
+  set.delete(pollers)
+  if (set.size === 0) {
+    subscribers.delete(subscription)
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export const bounded = <A>(
+  capacity: number | {
+    readonly capacity: number
+    readonly replay?: number | undefined
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<A>> =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const pubsub = makeBoundedPubSub<A>(capacity)
+    return makePubSub(pubsub, new BackPressureStrategy())
+  })
+
+/** @internal */
+export const dropping = <A>(
+  capacity: number | {
+    readonly capacity: number
+    readonly replay?: number | undefined
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<A>> =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const pubsub = makeBoundedPubSub<A>(capacity)
+    return makePubSub(pubsub, new DroppingStrategy())
+  })
+
+/** @internal */
+export const sliding = <A>(
+  capacity: number | {
+    readonly capacity: number
+    readonly replay?: number | undefined
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<A>> =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const pubsub = makeBoundedPubSub<A>(capacity)
+    return makePubSub(pubsub, new SlidingStrategy())
+  })
+
+/** @internal */
+export const unbounded = <A>(options?: {
+  readonly replay?: number | undefined
+}): Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<A>> =>
+  core.suspend(() => {
+    const pubsub = makeUnboundedPubSub<A>(options)
+    return makePubSub(pubsub, new DroppingStrategy())
+  })
+
+/** @internal */
+export const capacity = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): number => self.capacity()
+
+/** @internal */
+export const size = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<number> => self.size
+
+/** @internal */
+export const isFull = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<boolean> => self.isFull
+
+/** @internal */
+export const isEmpty = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<boolean> => self.isEmpty
+
+/** @internal */
+export const shutdown = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<void> => self.shutdown
+
+/** @internal */
+export const isShutdown = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<boolean> => self.isShutdown
+
+/** @internal */
+export const awaitShutdown = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<void> => self.awaitShutdown
+
+/** @internal */
+export const publish = dual<
+  <A>(value: A) => (self: PubSub.PubSub<A>) => Effect.Effect<boolean>,
+  <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>, value: A) => Effect.Effect<boolean>
+>(2, (self, value) => self.publish(value))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const publishAll = dual<
+  <A>(elements: Iterable<A>) => (self: PubSub.PubSub<A>) => Effect.Effect<boolean>,
+  <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>, elements: Iterable<A>) => Effect.Effect<boolean>
+>(2, (self, elements) => self.publishAll(elements))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const subscribe = <A>(self: PubSub.PubSub<A>): Effect.Effect<Queue.Dequeue<A>, never, Scope.Scope> =>
+  self.subscribe
+
+/** @internal */
+const makeBoundedPubSub = <A>(
+  capacity: number | {
+    readonly capacity: number
+    readonly replay?: number | undefined
+  }
+): AtomicPubSub<A> => {
+  const options = typeof capacity === "number" ? { capacity } : capacity
+  ensureCapacity(options.capacity)
+  const replayBuffer = options.replay && options.replay > 0 ? new ReplayBuffer<A>(Math.ceil(options.replay)) : undefined
+  if (options.capacity === 1) {
+    return new BoundedPubSubSingle(replayBuffer)
+  } else if (nextPow2(options.capacity) === options.capacity) {
+    return new BoundedPubSubPow2(options.capacity, replayBuffer)
+  } else {
+    return new BoundedPubSubArb(options.capacity, replayBuffer)
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const makeUnboundedPubSub = <A>(options?: {
+  readonly replay?: number | undefined
+}): AtomicPubSub<A> => new UnboundedPubSub(options?.replay ? new ReplayBuffer(options.replay) : undefined)
+
+/** @internal */
+const makeSubscription = <A>(
+  pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+  subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+  strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>
+): Effect.Effect<Queue.Dequeue<A>> =>
+  core.map(core.deferredMake<void>(), (deferred) =>
+    unsafeMakeSubscription(
+      pubsub,
+      subscribers,
+      pubsub.subscribe(),
+      MutableQueue.unbounded<Deferred.Deferred<A>>(),
+      deferred,
+      MutableRef.make(false),
+      strategy
+    ))
+
+/** @internal */
+export const unsafeMakeSubscription = <A>(
+  pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+  subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+  subscription: Subscription<A>,
+  pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>,
+  shutdownHook: Deferred.Deferred<void>,
+  shutdownFlag: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>,
+  strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>
+): Queue.Dequeue<A> =>
+  new SubscriptionImpl(
+    pubsub,
+    subscribers,
+    subscription,
+    pollers,
+    shutdownHook,
+    shutdownFlag,
+    strategy,
+    pubsub.replayWindow()
+  )
+
+/** @internal */
+class BoundedPubSubArb<in out A> implements AtomicPubSub<A> {
+  array: Array<A>
+  publisherIndex = 0
+  subscribers: Array<number>
+  subscriberCount = 0
+  subscribersIndex = 0
+
+  constructor(readonly capacity: number, readonly replayBuffer: ReplayBuffer<A> | undefined) {
+    this.array = Array.from({ length: capacity })
+    this.subscribers = Array.from({ length: capacity })
+  }
+
+  replayWindow(): ReplayWindow<A> {
+    return this.replayBuffer ? new ReplayWindowImpl(this.replayBuffer) : emptyReplayWindow
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return this.publisherIndex === this.subscribersIndex
+  }
+
+  isFull(): boolean {
+    return this.publisherIndex === this.subscribersIndex + this.capacity
+  }
+
+  size(): number {
+    return this.publisherIndex - this.subscribersIndex
+  }
+
+  publish(value: A): boolean {
+    if (this.isFull()) {
+      return false
+    }
+    if (this.subscriberCount !== 0) {
+      const index = this.publisherIndex % this.capacity
+      this.array[index] = value
+      this.subscribers[index] = this.subscriberCount
+      this.publisherIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.offer(value)
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+
+  publishAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.subscriberCount === 0) {
+      if (this.replayBuffer) {
+        this.replayBuffer.offerAll(elements)
+      }
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    const chunk = Chunk.fromIterable(elements)
+    const n = chunk.length
+    const size = this.publisherIndex - this.subscribersIndex
+    const available = this.capacity - size
+    const forPubSub = Math.min(n, available)
+    if (forPubSub === 0) {
+      return chunk
+    }
+    let iteratorIndex = 0
+    const publishAllIndex = this.publisherIndex + forPubSub
+    while (this.publisherIndex !== publishAllIndex) {
+      const a = Chunk.unsafeGet(chunk, iteratorIndex++)
+      const index = this.publisherIndex % this.capacity
+      this.array[index] = a
+      this.subscribers[index] = this.subscriberCount
+      this.publisherIndex += 1
+      if (this.replayBuffer) {
+        this.replayBuffer.offer(a)
+      }
+    }
+    return Chunk.drop(chunk, iteratorIndex)
+  }
+
+  slide(): void {
+    if (this.subscribersIndex !== this.publisherIndex) {
+      const index = this.subscribersIndex % this.capacity
+      this.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+      this.subscribers[index] = 0
+      this.subscribersIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.slide()
+    }
+  }
+
+  subscribe(): Subscription<A> {
+    this.subscriberCount += 1
+    return new BoundedPubSubArbSubscription(this, this.publisherIndex, false)
+  }
+}
+
+class BoundedPubSubArbSubscription<in out A> implements Subscription<A> {
+  constructor(
+    private self: BoundedPubSubArb<A>,
+    private subscriberIndex: number,
+    private unsubscribed: boolean
+  ) {
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.unsubscribed ||
+      this.self.publisherIndex === this.subscriberIndex ||
+      this.self.publisherIndex === this.self.subscribersIndex
+    )
+  }
+
+  size() {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return 0
+    }
+    return this.self.publisherIndex - Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+  }
+
+  poll<D>(default_: D): A | D {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return default_
+    }
+    this.subscriberIndex = Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+    if (this.subscriberIndex !== this.self.publisherIndex) {
+      const index = this.subscriberIndex % this.self.capacity
+      const elem = this.self.array[index]!
+      this.self.subscribers[index] -= 1
+      if (this.self.subscribers[index] === 0) {
+        this.self.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+        this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+      }
+      this.subscriberIndex += 1
+      return elem
+    }
+    return default_
+  }
+
+  pollUpTo(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    this.subscriberIndex = Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+    const size = this.self.publisherIndex - this.subscriberIndex
+    const toPoll = Math.min(n, size)
+    if (toPoll <= 0) {
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    const builder: Array<A> = []
+    const pollUpToIndex = this.subscriberIndex + toPoll
+    while (this.subscriberIndex !== pollUpToIndex) {
+      const index = this.subscriberIndex % this.self.capacity
+      const a = this.self.array[index] as A
+      this.self.subscribers[index] -= 1
+      if (this.self.subscribers[index] === 0) {
+        this.self.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+        this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+      }
+      builder.push(a)
+      this.subscriberIndex += 1
+    }
+
+    return Chunk.fromIterable(builder)
+  }
+
+  unsubscribe(): void {
+    if (!this.unsubscribed) {
+      this.unsubscribed = true
+      this.self.subscriberCount -= 1
+      this.subscriberIndex = Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+      while (this.subscriberIndex !== this.self.publisherIndex) {
+        const index = this.subscriberIndex % this.self.capacity
+        this.self.subscribers[index] -= 1
+        if (this.self.subscribers[index] === 0) {
+          this.self.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+          this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+        }
+        this.subscriberIndex += 1
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class BoundedPubSubPow2<in out A> implements AtomicPubSub<A> {
+  array: Array<A>
+  mask: number
+  publisherIndex = 0
+  subscribers: Array<number>
+  subscriberCount = 0
+  subscribersIndex = 0
+
+  constructor(readonly capacity: number, readonly replayBuffer: ReplayBuffer<A> | undefined) {
+    this.array = Array.from({ length: capacity })
+    this.mask = capacity - 1
+    this.subscribers = Array.from({ length: capacity })
+  }
+
+  replayWindow(): ReplayWindow<A> {
+    return this.replayBuffer ? new ReplayWindowImpl(this.replayBuffer) : emptyReplayWindow
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return this.publisherIndex === this.subscribersIndex
+  }
+
+  isFull(): boolean {
+    return this.publisherIndex === this.subscribersIndex + this.capacity
+  }
+
+  size(): number {
+    return this.publisherIndex - this.subscribersIndex
+  }
+
+  publish(value: A): boolean {
+    if (this.isFull()) {
+      return false
+    }
+    if (this.subscriberCount !== 0) {
+      const index = this.publisherIndex & this.mask
+      this.array[index] = value
+      this.subscribers[index] = this.subscriberCount
+      this.publisherIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.offer(value)
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+
+  publishAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.subscriberCount === 0) {
+      if (this.replayBuffer) {
+        this.replayBuffer.offerAll(elements)
+      }
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    const chunk = Chunk.fromIterable(elements)
+    const n = chunk.length
+    const size = this.publisherIndex - this.subscribersIndex
+    const available = this.capacity - size
+    const forPubSub = Math.min(n, available)
+    if (forPubSub === 0) {
+      return chunk
+    }
+    let iteratorIndex = 0
+    const publishAllIndex = this.publisherIndex + forPubSub
+    while (this.publisherIndex !== publishAllIndex) {
+      const elem = Chunk.unsafeGet(chunk, iteratorIndex++)
+      const index = this.publisherIndex & this.mask
+      this.array[index] = elem
+      this.subscribers[index] = this.subscriberCount
+      this.publisherIndex += 1
+      if (this.replayBuffer) {
+        this.replayBuffer.offer(elem)
+      }
+    }
+    return Chunk.drop(chunk, iteratorIndex)
+  }
+
+  slide(): void {
+    if (this.subscribersIndex !== this.publisherIndex) {
+      const index = this.subscribersIndex & this.mask
+      this.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+      this.subscribers[index] = 0
+      this.subscribersIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.slide()
+    }
+  }
+
+  subscribe(): Subscription<A> {
+    this.subscriberCount += 1
+    return new BoundedPubSubPow2Subscription(this, this.publisherIndex, false)
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class BoundedPubSubPow2Subscription<in out A> implements Subscription<A> {
+  constructor(
+    private self: BoundedPubSubPow2<A>,
+    private subscriberIndex: number,
+    private unsubscribed: boolean
+  ) {
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.unsubscribed ||
+      this.self.publisherIndex === this.subscriberIndex ||
+      this.self.publisherIndex === this.self.subscribersIndex
+    )
+  }
+
+  size() {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return 0
+    }
+    return this.self.publisherIndex - Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+  }
+
+  poll<D>(default_: D): A | D {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return default_
+    }
+    this.subscriberIndex = Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+    if (this.subscriberIndex !== this.self.publisherIndex) {
+      const index = this.subscriberIndex & this.self.mask
+      const elem = this.self.array[index]!
+      this.self.subscribers[index] -= 1
+      if (this.self.subscribers[index] === 0) {
+        this.self.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+        this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+      }
+      this.subscriberIndex += 1
+      return elem
+    }
+    return default_
+  }
+
+  pollUpTo(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    this.subscriberIndex = Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+    const size = this.self.publisherIndex - this.subscriberIndex
+    const toPoll = Math.min(n, size)
+    if (toPoll <= 0) {
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    const builder: Array<A> = []
+    const pollUpToIndex = this.subscriberIndex + toPoll
+    while (this.subscriberIndex !== pollUpToIndex) {
+      const index = this.subscriberIndex & this.self.mask
+      const elem = this.self.array[index] as A
+      this.self.subscribers[index] -= 1
+      if (this.self.subscribers[index] === 0) {
+        this.self.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+        this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+      }
+      builder.push(elem)
+      this.subscriberIndex += 1
+    }
+    return Chunk.fromIterable(builder)
+  }
+
+  unsubscribe(): void {
+    if (!this.unsubscribed) {
+      this.unsubscribed = true
+      this.self.subscriberCount -= 1
+      this.subscriberIndex = Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+      while (this.subscriberIndex !== this.self.publisherIndex) {
+        const index = this.subscriberIndex & this.self.mask
+        this.self.subscribers[index] -= 1
+        if (this.self.subscribers[index] === 0) {
+          this.self.array[index] = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+          this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+        }
+        this.subscriberIndex += 1
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class BoundedPubSubSingle<in out A> implements AtomicPubSub<A> {
+  publisherIndex = 0
+  subscriberCount = 0
+  subscribers = 0
+  value: A = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+
+  readonly capacity = 1
+  constructor(readonly replayBuffer: ReplayBuffer<A> | undefined) {}
+
+  replayWindow(): ReplayWindow<A> {
+    return this.replayBuffer ? new ReplayWindowImpl(this.replayBuffer) : emptyReplayWindow
+  }
+
+  pipe() {
+    return pipeArguments(this, arguments)
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return this.subscribers === 0
+  }
+
+  isFull(): boolean {
+    return !this.isEmpty()
+  }
+
+  size(): number {
+    return this.isEmpty() ? 0 : 1
+  }
+
+  publish(value: A): boolean {
+    if (this.isFull()) {
+      return false
+    }
+    if (this.subscriberCount !== 0) {
+      this.value = value
+      this.subscribers = this.subscriberCount
+      this.publisherIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.offer(value)
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+
+  publishAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.subscriberCount === 0) {
+      if (this.replayBuffer) {
+        this.replayBuffer.offerAll(elements)
+      }
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    const chunk = Chunk.fromIterable(elements)
+    if (Chunk.isEmpty(chunk)) {
+      return chunk
+    }
+    if (this.publish(Chunk.unsafeHead(chunk))) {
+      return Chunk.drop(chunk, 1)
+    } else {
+      return chunk
+    }
+  }
+
+  slide(): void {
+    if (this.isFull()) {
+      this.subscribers = 0
+      this.value = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.slide()
+    }
+  }
+
+  subscribe(): Subscription<A> {
+    this.subscriberCount += 1
+    return new BoundedPubSubSingleSubscription(this, this.publisherIndex, false)
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class BoundedPubSubSingleSubscription<in out A> implements Subscription<A> {
+  constructor(
+    private self: BoundedPubSubSingle<A>,
+    private subscriberIndex: number,
+    private unsubscribed: boolean
+  ) {
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.unsubscribed ||
+      this.self.subscribers === 0 ||
+      this.subscriberIndex === this.self.publisherIndex
+    )
+  }
+
+  size() {
+    return this.isEmpty() ? 0 : 1
+  }
+
+  poll<D>(default_: D): A | D {
+    if (this.isEmpty()) {
+      return default_
+    }
+    const elem = this.self.value
+    this.self.subscribers -= 1
+    if (this.self.subscribers === 0) {
+      this.self.value = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+    }
+    this.subscriberIndex += 1
+    return elem
+  }
+
+  pollUpTo(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.isEmpty() || n < 1) {
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    }
+    const a = this.self.value
+    this.self.subscribers -= 1
+    if (this.self.subscribers === 0) {
+      this.self.value = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+    }
+    this.subscriberIndex += 1
+    return Chunk.of(a)
+  }
+
+  unsubscribe(): void {
+    if (!this.unsubscribed) {
+      this.unsubscribed = true
+      this.self.subscriberCount -= 1
+      if (this.subscriberIndex !== this.self.publisherIndex) {
+        this.self.subscribers -= 1
+        if (this.self.subscribers === 0) {
+          this.self.value = AbsentValue as unknown as A
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+interface Node<out A> {
+  value: A | AbsentValue
+  subscribers: number
+  next: Node<A> | null
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class UnboundedPubSub<in out A> implements AtomicPubSub<A> {
+  publisherHead: Node<A> = {
+    value: AbsentValue,
+    subscribers: 0,
+    next: null
+  }
+  publisherTail = this.publisherHead
+  publisherIndex = 0
+  subscribersIndex = 0
+
+  readonly capacity = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+  constructor(readonly replayBuffer: ReplayBuffer<A> | undefined) {}
+
+  replayWindow(): ReplayWindow<A> {
+    return this.replayBuffer ? new ReplayWindowImpl(this.replayBuffer) : emptyReplayWindow
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return this.publisherHead === this.publisherTail
+  }
+
+  isFull(): boolean {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  size(): number {
+    return this.publisherIndex - this.subscribersIndex
+  }
+
+  publish(value: A): boolean {
+    const subscribers = this.publisherTail.subscribers
+    if (subscribers !== 0) {
+      this.publisherTail.next = {
+        value,
+        subscribers,
+        next: null
+      }
+      this.publisherTail = this.publisherTail.next
+      this.publisherIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.offer(value)
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+
+  publishAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.publisherTail.subscribers !== 0) {
+      for (const a of elements) {
+        this.publish(a)
+      }
+    } else if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.offerAll(elements)
+    }
+    return Chunk.empty()
+  }
+
+  slide(): void {
+    if (this.publisherHead !== this.publisherTail) {
+      this.publisherHead = this.publisherHead.next!
+      this.publisherHead.value = AbsentValue
+      this.subscribersIndex += 1
+    }
+    if (this.replayBuffer) {
+      this.replayBuffer.slide()
+    }
+  }
+
+  subscribe(): Subscription<A> {
+    this.publisherTail.subscribers += 1
+    return new UnboundedPubSubSubscription(
+      this,
+      this.publisherTail,
+      this.publisherIndex,
+      false
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class UnboundedPubSubSubscription<in out A> implements Subscription<A> {
+  constructor(
+    private self: UnboundedPubSub<A>,
+    private subscriberHead: Node<A>,
+    private subscriberIndex: number,
+    private unsubscribed: boolean
+  ) {
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return true
+    }
+    let empty = true
+    let loop = true
+    while (loop) {
+      if (this.subscriberHead === this.self.publisherTail) {
+        loop = false
+      } else {
+        if (this.subscriberHead.next!.value !== AbsentValue) {
+          empty = false
+          loop = false
+        } else {
+          this.subscriberHead = this.subscriberHead.next!
+          this.subscriberIndex += 1
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return empty
+  }
+
+  size() {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return 0
+    }
+    return this.self.publisherIndex - Math.max(this.subscriberIndex, this.self.subscribersIndex)
+  }
+
+  poll<D>(default_: D): A | D {
+    if (this.unsubscribed) {
+      return default_
+    }
+    let loop = true
+    let polled: A | D = default_
+    while (loop) {
+      if (this.subscriberHead === this.self.publisherTail) {
+        loop = false
+      } else {
+        const elem = this.subscriberHead.next!.value
+        if (elem !== AbsentValue) {
+          polled = elem
+          this.subscriberHead.subscribers -= 1
+          if (this.subscriberHead.subscribers === 0) {
+            this.self.publisherHead = this.self.publisherHead.next!
+            this.self.publisherHead.value = AbsentValue
+            this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+          }
+          loop = false
+        }
+        this.subscriberHead = this.subscriberHead.next!
+        this.subscriberIndex += 1
+      }
+    }
+    return polled
+  }
+
+  pollUpTo(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    const builder: Array<A> = []
+    const default_ = AbsentValue
+    let i = 0
+    while (i !== n) {
+      const a = this.poll(default_ as unknown as A)
+      if (a === default_) {
+        i = n
+      } else {
+        builder.push(a)
+        i += 1
+      }
+    }
+    return Chunk.fromIterable(builder)
+  }
+
+  unsubscribe(): void {
+    if (!this.unsubscribed) {
+      this.unsubscribed = true
+      this.self.publisherTail.subscribers -= 1
+      while (this.subscriberHead !== this.self.publisherTail) {
+        if (this.subscriberHead.next!.value !== AbsentValue) {
+          this.subscriberHead.subscribers -= 1
+          if (this.subscriberHead.subscribers === 0) {
+            this.self.publisherHead = this.self.publisherHead.next!
+            this.self.publisherHead.value = AbsentValue
+            this.self.subscribersIndex += 1
+          }
+        }
+        this.subscriberHead = this.subscriberHead.next!
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class SubscriptionImpl<in out A> extends Effectable.Class<A> implements Queue.Dequeue<A> {
+  [queue.DequeueTypeId] = queue.dequeueVariance
+
+  constructor(
+    readonly pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    readonly subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    readonly subscription: Subscription<A>,
+    readonly pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>,
+    readonly shutdownHook: Deferred.Deferred<void>,
+    readonly shutdownFlag: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>,
+    readonly strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>,
+    readonly replayWindow: ReplayWindow<A>
+  ) {
+    super()
+  }
+
+  commit() {
+    return this.take
+  }
+
+  pipe() {
+    return pipeArguments(this, arguments)
+  }
+
+  capacity(): number {
+    return this.pubsub.capacity
+  }
+
+  isActive(): boolean {
+    return !MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)
+  }
+
+  get size(): Effect.Effect<number> {
+    return core.suspend(() =>
+      MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)
+        ? core.interrupt
+        : core.succeed(this.subscription.size() + this.replayWindow.remaining)
+    )
+  }
+
+  unsafeSize(): Option.Option<number> {
+    if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+      return Option.none()
+    }
+    return Option.some(this.subscription.size() + this.replayWindow.remaining)
+  }
+
+  get isFull(): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.suspend(() =>
+      MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)
+        ? core.interrupt
+        : core.succeed(this.subscription.size() === this.capacity())
+    )
+  }
+
+  get isEmpty(): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.map(this.size, (size) => size === 0)
+  }
+
+  get shutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.uninterruptible(
+      core.withFiberRuntime<void>((state) => {
+        MutableRef.set(this.shutdownFlag, true)
+        return pipe(
+          fiberRuntime.forEachParUnbounded(
+            unsafePollAllQueue(this.pollers),
+            (d) => core.deferredInterruptWith(d, state.id()),
+            false
+          ),
+          core.zipRight(core.sync(() => {
+            this.subscribers.delete(this.subscription)
+            this.subscription.unsubscribe()
+            this.strategy.unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+          })),
+          core.whenEffect(core.deferredSucceed(this.shutdownHook, void 0)),
+          core.asVoid
+        )
+      })
+    )
+  }
+
+  get isShutdown(): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.sync(() => MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag))
+  }
+
+  get awaitShutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.deferredAwait(this.shutdownHook)
+  }
+
+  get take(): Effect.Effect<A> {
+    return core.withFiberRuntime((state) => {
+      if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+        return core.interrupt
+      }
+      if (this.replayWindow.remaining > 0) {
+        const message = this.replayWindow.take()!
+        return core.succeed(message)
+      }
+      const message = MutableQueue.isEmpty(this.pollers)
+        ? this.subscription.poll(MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue)
+        : MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue
+      if (message === MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue) {
+        const deferred = core.deferredUnsafeMake<A>(state.id())
+        return pipe(
+          core.suspend(() => {
+            pipe(this.pollers, MutableQueue.offer(deferred))
+            pipe(this.subscribers, addSubscribers(this.subscription, this.pollers))
+            this.strategy.unsafeCompletePollers(
+              this.pubsub,
+              this.subscribers,
+              this.subscription,
+              this.pollers
+            )
+            return MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag) ? core.interrupt : core.deferredAwait(deferred)
+          }),
+          core.onInterrupt(() => core.sync(() => unsafeRemove(this.pollers, deferred)))
+        )
+      } else {
+        this.strategy.unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+        return core.succeed(message)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  get takeAll(): Effect.Effect<Chunk.Chunk<A>> {
+    return core.suspend(() => {
+      if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+        return core.interrupt
+      }
+      const as = MutableQueue.isEmpty(this.pollers)
+        ? unsafePollAllSubscription(this.subscription)
+        : Chunk.empty()
+      this.strategy.unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+      if (this.replayWindow.remaining > 0) {
+        return core.succeed(Chunk.appendAll(this.replayWindow.takeAll(), as))
+      }
+      return core.succeed(as)
+    })
+  }
+
+  takeUpTo(this: this, max: number): Effect.Effect<Chunk.Chunk<A>> {
+    return core.suspend(() => {
+      if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+        return core.interrupt
+      }
+      let replay: Chunk.Chunk<A> | undefined = undefined
+      if (this.replayWindow.remaining >= max) {
+        const as = this.replayWindow.takeN(max)
+        return core.succeed(as)
+      } else if (this.replayWindow.remaining > 0) {
+        replay = this.replayWindow.takeAll()
+        max = max - replay.length
+      }
+      const as = MutableQueue.isEmpty(this.pollers)
+        ? unsafePollN(this.subscription, max)
+        : Chunk.empty()
+      this.strategy.unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+      return replay ? core.succeed(Chunk.appendAll(replay, as)) : core.succeed(as)
+    })
+  }
+
+  takeBetween(min: number, max: number): Effect.Effect<Chunk.Chunk<A>> {
+    return core.suspend(() => takeRemainderLoop(this, min, max, Chunk.empty()))
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const takeRemainderLoop = <A>(
+  self: Queue.Dequeue<A>,
+  min: number,
+  max: number,
+  acc: Chunk.Chunk<A>
+): Effect.Effect<Chunk.Chunk<A>> => {
+  if (max < min) {
+    return core.succeed(acc)
+  }
+  return pipe(
+    self.takeUpTo(max),
+    core.flatMap((bs) => {
+      const remaining = min - bs.length
+      if (remaining === 1) {
+        return pipe(self.take, core.map((b) => pipe(acc, Chunk.appendAll(bs), Chunk.append(b))))
+      }
+      if (remaining > 1) {
+        return pipe(
+          self.take,
+          core.flatMap((b) =>
+            takeRemainderLoop(
+              self,
+              remaining - 1,
+              max - bs.length - 1,
+              pipe(acc, Chunk.appendAll(bs), Chunk.append(b))
+            )
+          )
+        )
+      }
+      return core.succeed(pipe(acc, Chunk.appendAll(bs)))
+    })
+  )
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+class PubSubImpl<in out A> implements PubSub.PubSub<A> {
+  readonly [queue.EnqueueTypeId] = queue.enqueueVariance
+  readonly [queue.DequeueTypeId] = queue.dequeueVariance
+
+  constructor(
+    readonly pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    readonly subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    readonly scope: Scope.Scope.Closeable,
+    readonly shutdownHook: Deferred.Deferred<void>,
+    readonly shutdownFlag: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>,
+    readonly strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>
+  ) {}
+
+  capacity(): number {
+    return this.pubsub.capacity
+  }
+
+  get size(): Effect.Effect<number> {
+    return core.suspend(() =>
+      MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag) ?
+        core.interrupt :
+        core.sync(() => this.pubsub.size())
+    )
+  }
+
+  unsafeSize(): Option.Option<number> {
+    if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+      return Option.none()
+    }
+    return Option.some(this.pubsub.size())
+  }
+
+  get isFull(): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.map(this.size, (size) => size === this.capacity())
+  }
+
+  get isEmpty(): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.map(this.size, (size) => size === 0)
+  }
+
+  get awaitShutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.deferredAwait(this.shutdownHook)
+  }
+
+  get isShutdown(): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.sync(() => MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag))
+  }
+
+  get shutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.uninterruptible(core.withFiberRuntime((state) => {
+      pipe(this.shutdownFlag, MutableRef.set(true))
+      return pipe(
+        this.scope.close(core.exitInterrupt(state.id())),
+        core.zipRight(this.strategy.shutdown),
+        core.whenEffect(core.deferredSucceed(this.shutdownHook, void 0)),
+        core.asVoid
+      )
+    }))
+  }
+
+  publish(value: A): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.suspend(() => {
+      if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+        return core.interrupt
+      }
+
+      if (this.pubsub.publish(value)) {
+        this.strategy.unsafeCompleteSubscribers(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+        return core.succeed(true)
+      }
+
+      return this.strategy.handleSurplus(
+        this.pubsub,
+        this.subscribers,
+        Chunk.of(value),
+        this.shutdownFlag
+      )
+    })
+  }
+
+  isActive(): boolean {
+    return !MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)
+  }
+
+  unsafeOffer(value: A): boolean {
+    if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    if ((this.pubsub as AtomicPubSub<unknown>).publish(value)) {
+      this.strategy.unsafeCompleteSubscribers(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+      return true
+    }
+
+    return false
+  }
+
+  publishAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.suspend(() => {
+      if (MutableRef.get(this.shutdownFlag)) {
+        return core.interrupt
+      }
+      const surplus = unsafePublishAll(this.pubsub, elements)
+      this.strategy.unsafeCompleteSubscribers(this.pubsub, this.subscribers)
+      if (Chunk.isEmpty(surplus)) {
+        return core.succeed(true)
+      }
+      return this.strategy.handleSurplus(
+        this.pubsub,
+        this.subscribers,
+        surplus,
+        this.shutdownFlag
+      )
+    })
+  }
+
+  get subscribe(): Effect.Effect<Queue.Dequeue<A>, never, Scope.Scope> {
+    const acquire = core.tap(
+      fiberRuntime.all([
+        this.scope.fork(executionStrategy.sequential),
+        makeSubscription(this.pubsub, this.subscribers, this.strategy)
+      ]),
+      (tuple) => tuple[0].addFinalizer(() => tuple[1].shutdown)
+    )
+    return core.map(
+      fiberRuntime.acquireRelease(acquire, (tuple, exit) => tuple[0].close(exit)),
+      (tuple) => tuple[1]
+    )
+  }
+
+  offer(value: A): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return this.publish(value)
+  }
+
+  offerAll(elements: Iterable<A>): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return this.publishAll(elements)
+  }
+
+  pipe() {
+    return pipeArguments(this, arguments)
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export const makePubSub = <A>(
+  pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+  strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>
+): Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<A>> =>
+  core.flatMap(
+    fiberRuntime.scopeMake(),
+    (scope) =>
+      core.map(core.deferredMake<void>(), (deferred) =>
+        unsafeMakePubSub(
+          pubsub,
+          new Map(),
+          scope,
+          deferred,
+          MutableRef.make(false),
+          strategy
+        ))
+  )
+
+/** @internal */
+export const unsafeMakePubSub = <A>(
+  pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+  subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+  scope: Scope.Scope.Closeable,
+  shutdownHook: Deferred.Deferred<void>,
+  shutdownFlag: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>,
+  strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>
+): PubSub.PubSub<A> => new PubSubImpl(pubsub, subscribers, scope, shutdownHook, shutdownFlag, strategy)
+
+/** @internal */
+const ensureCapacity = (capacity: number): void => {
+  if (capacity <= 0) {
+    throw new core.InvalidPubSubCapacityException(`Cannot construct PubSub with capacity of ${capacity}`)
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafeCompleteDeferred = <A>(deferred: Deferred.Deferred<A>, a: A): void => {
+  core.deferredUnsafeDone(deferred, core.succeed(a))
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafeOfferAll = <A>(queue: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<A>, as: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> => {
+  return pipe(queue, MutableQueue.offerAll(as))
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafePollAllQueue = <A>(queue: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> => {
+  return pipe(queue, MutableQueue.pollUpTo(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY))
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafePollAllSubscription = <A>(subscription: Subscription<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> => {
+  return subscription.pollUpTo(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafePollN = <A>(subscription: Subscription<A>, max: number): Chunk.Chunk<A> => {
+  return subscription.pollUpTo(max)
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafePublishAll = <A>(pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>, as: Iterable<A>): Chunk.Chunk<A> => {
+  return pubsub.publishAll(as)
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafeRemove = <A>(queue: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<A>, value: A): void => {
+  unsafeOfferAll(
+    queue,
+    pipe(unsafePollAllQueue(queue), Chunk.filter((elem) => elem !== value))
+  )
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PubSub.Strategy
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * A `PubSubStrategy<A>` describes the protocol for how publishers and subscribers
+ * will communicate with each other through the `PubSub`.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface PubSubStrategy<in out A> {
+  /**
+   * Describes any finalization logic associated with this strategy.
+   */
+  readonly shutdown: Effect.Effect<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Describes how publishers should signal to subscribers that they are
+   * waiting for space to become available in the `PubSub`.
+   */
+  handleSurplus(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    isShutdown: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>
+  ): Effect.Effect<boolean>
+
+  /**
+   * Describes how subscribers should signal to publishers waiting for space
+   * to become available in the `PubSub` that space may be available.
+   */
+  unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>
+  ): void
+
+  /**
+   * Describes how subscribers waiting for additional values from the `PubSub`
+   * should take those values and signal to publishers that they are no
+   * longer waiting for additional values.
+   */
+  unsafeCompletePollers(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    subscription: Subscription<A>,
+    pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+  ): void
+
+  /**
+   * Describes how publishers should signal to subscribers waiting for
+   * additional values from the `PubSub` that new values are available.
+   */
+  unsafeCompleteSubscribers(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>
+  ): void
+}
+
+/**
+ * A strategy that applies back pressure to publishers when the `PubSub` is at
+ * capacity. This guarantees that all subscribers will receive all messages
+ * published to the `PubSub` while they are subscribed. However, it creates the
+ * risk that a slow subscriber will slow down the rate at which messages
+ * are published and received by other subscribers.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+class BackPressureStrategy<in out A> implements PubSubStrategy<A> {
+  publishers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<
+    readonly [A, Deferred.Deferred<boolean>, boolean]
+  > = MutableQueue.unbounded()
+
+  get shutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.flatMap(core.fiberId, (fiberId) =>
+      core.flatMap(
+        core.sync(() => unsafePollAllQueue(this.publishers)),
+        (publishers) =>
+          fiberRuntime.forEachConcurrentDiscard(
+            publishers,
+            ([_, deferred, last]) =>
+              last ?
+                pipe(core.deferredInterruptWith(deferred, fiberId), core.asVoid) :
+                core.void,
+            false,
+            false
+          )
+      ))
+  }
+
+  handleSurplus(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    isShutdown: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>
+  ): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.withFiberRuntime((state) => {
+      const deferred = core.deferredUnsafeMake<boolean>(state.id())
+      return pipe(
+        core.suspend(() => {
+          this.unsafeOffer(elements, deferred)
+          this.unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(pubsub, subscribers)
+          this.unsafeCompleteSubscribers(pubsub, subscribers)
+          return MutableRef.get(isShutdown) ?
+            core.interrupt :
+            core.deferredAwait(deferred)
+        }),
+        core.onInterrupt(() => core.sync(() => this.unsafeRemove(deferred)))
+      )
+    })
+  }
+
+  unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>
+  ): void {
+    let keepPolling = true
+    while (keepPolling && !pubsub.isFull()) {
+      const publisher = pipe(this.publishers, MutableQueue.poll(MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue))
+      if (publisher === MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue) {
+        keepPolling = false
+      } else {
+        const published = pubsub.publish(publisher[0])
+        if (published && publisher[2]) {
+          unsafeCompleteDeferred(publisher[1], true)
+        } else if (!published) {
+          unsafeOfferAll(
+            this.publishers,
+            pipe(unsafePollAllQueue(this.publishers), Chunk.prepend(publisher))
+          )
+        }
+        this.unsafeCompleteSubscribers(pubsub, subscribers)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  unsafeCompletePollers(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    subscription: Subscription<A>,
+    pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+  ): void {
+    return unsafeStrategyCompletePollers(this, pubsub, subscribers, subscription, pollers)
+  }
+
+  unsafeCompleteSubscribers(pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>, subscribers: Subscribers<A>): void {
+    return unsafeStrategyCompleteSubscribers(this, pubsub, subscribers)
+  }
+
+  private unsafeOffer(elements: Iterable<A>, deferred: Deferred.Deferred<boolean>): void {
+    const iterator = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+    let next: IteratorResult<A> = iterator.next()
+    if (!next.done) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition
+      while (1) {
+        const value = next.value
+        next = iterator.next()
+        if (next.done) {
+          pipe(
+            this.publishers,
+            MutableQueue.offer([value, deferred, true as boolean] as const)
+          )
+          break
+        }
+        pipe(
+          this.publishers,
+          MutableQueue.offer([value, deferred, false as boolean] as const)
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  unsafeRemove(deferred: Deferred.Deferred<boolean>): void {
+    unsafeOfferAll(
+      this.publishers,
+      pipe(unsafePollAllQueue(this.publishers), Chunk.filter(([_, a]) => a !== deferred))
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A strategy that drops new messages when the `PubSub` is at capacity. This
+ * guarantees that a slow subscriber will not slow down the rate at which
+ * messages are published. However, it creates the risk that a slow
+ * subscriber will slow down the rate at which messages are received by
+ * other subscribers and that subscribers may not receive all messages
+ * published to the `PubSub` while they are subscribed.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export class DroppingStrategy<in out A> implements PubSubStrategy<A> {
+  get shutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.void
+  }
+
+  handleSurplus(
+    _pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    _subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    _elements: Iterable<A>,
+    _isShutdown: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>
+  ): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.succeed(false)
+  }
+
+  unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(
+    _pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    _subscribers: Subscribers<A>
+  ): void {
+    //
+  }
+
+  unsafeCompletePollers(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    subscription: Subscription<A>,
+    pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+  ): void {
+    return unsafeStrategyCompletePollers(this, pubsub, subscribers, subscription, pollers)
+  }
+
+  unsafeCompleteSubscribers(pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>, subscribers: Subscribers<A>): void {
+    return unsafeStrategyCompleteSubscribers(this, pubsub, subscribers)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A strategy that adds new messages and drops old messages when the `PubSub` is
+ * at capacity. This guarantees that a slow subscriber will not slow down
+ * the rate at which messages are published and received by other
+ * subscribers. However, it creates the risk that a slow subscriber will
+ * not receive some messages published to the `PubSub` while it is subscribed.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export class SlidingStrategy<in out A> implements PubSubStrategy<A> {
+  get shutdown(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+    return core.void
+  }
+
+  handleSurplus(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    elements: Iterable<A>,
+    _isShutdown: MutableRef.MutableRef<boolean>
+  ): Effect.Effect<boolean> {
+    return core.sync(() => {
+      this.unsafeSlidingPublish(pubsub, elements)
+      this.unsafeCompleteSubscribers(pubsub, subscribers)
+      return true
+    })
+  }
+
+  unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(
+    _pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    _subscribers: Subscribers<A>
+  ): void {
+    //
+  }
+
+  unsafeCompletePollers(
+    pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+    subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+    subscription: Subscription<A>,
+    pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+  ): void {
+    return unsafeStrategyCompletePollers(this, pubsub, subscribers, subscription, pollers)
+  }
+
+  unsafeCompleteSubscribers(pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>, subscribers: Subscribers<A>): void {
+    return unsafeStrategyCompleteSubscribers(this, pubsub, subscribers)
+  }
+
+  unsafeSlidingPublish(pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>, elements: Iterable<A>): void {
+    const it = elements[Symbol.iterator]()
+    let next = it.next()
+    if (!next.done && pubsub.capacity > 0) {
+      let a = next.value
+      let loop = true
+      while (loop) {
+        pubsub.slide()
+        const pub = pubsub.publish(a)
+        if (pub && (next = it.next()) && !next.done) {
+          a = next.value
+        } else if (pub) {
+          loop = false
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafeStrategyCompletePollers = <A>(
+  strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>,
+  pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+  subscribers: Subscribers<A>,
+  subscription: Subscription<A>,
+  pollers: MutableQueue.MutableQueue<Deferred.Deferred<A>>
+): void => {
+  let keepPolling = true
+  while (keepPolling && !subscription.isEmpty()) {
+    const poller = pipe(pollers, MutableQueue.poll(MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue))
+    if (poller === MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue) {
+      pipe(subscribers, removeSubscribers(subscription, pollers))
+      if (MutableQueue.isEmpty(pollers)) {
+        keepPolling = false
+      } else {
+        pipe(subscribers, addSubscribers(subscription, pollers))
+      }
+    } else {
+      const pollResult = subscription.poll(MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue)
+      if (pollResult === MutableQueue.EmptyMutableQueue) {
+        unsafeOfferAll(pollers, pipe(unsafePollAllQueue(pollers), Chunk.prepend(poller)))
+      } else {
+        unsafeCompleteDeferred(poller, pollResult)
+        strategy.unsafeOnPubSubEmptySpace(pubsub, subscribers)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+const unsafeStrategyCompleteSubscribers = <A>(
+  strategy: PubSubStrategy<A>,
+  pubsub: AtomicPubSub<A>,
+  subscribers: Subscribers<A>
+): void => {
+  for (
+    const [subscription, pollersSet] of subscribers
+  ) {
+    for (const pollers of pollersSet) {
+      strategy.unsafeCompletePollers(pubsub, subscribers, subscription, pollers)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+interface ReplayNode<A> {
+  value: A | AbsentValue
+  next: ReplayNode<A> | null
+}
+
+class ReplayBuffer<A> {
+  constructor(readonly capacity: number) {}
+
+  head: ReplayNode<A> = { value: AbsentValue, next: null }
+  tail: ReplayNode<A> = this.head
+  size = 0
+  index = 0
+
+  slide() {
+    this.index++
+  }
+  offer(a: A): void {
+    this.tail.value = a
+    this.tail.next = {
+      value: AbsentValue,
+      next: null
+    }
+    this.tail = this.tail.next
+    if (this.size === this.capacity) {
+      this.head = this.head.next!
+    } else {
+      this.size += 1
+    }
+  }
+  offerAll(as: Iterable<A>): void {
+    for (const a of as) {
+      this.offer(a)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+interface ReplayWindow<A> {
+  take(): A | undefined
+  takeN(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A>
+  takeAll(): Chunk.Chunk<A>
+  readonly remaining: number
+}
+
+class ReplayWindowImpl<A> implements ReplayWindow<A> {
+  head: ReplayNode<A>
+  index: number
+  remaining: number
+  constructor(readonly buffer: ReplayBuffer<A>) {
+    this.index = buffer.index
+    this.remaining = buffer.size
+    this.head = buffer.head
+  }
+  fastForward() {
+    while (this.index < this.buffer.index) {
+      this.head = this.head.next!
+      this.index++
+    }
+  }
+  take(): A | undefined {
+    if (this.remaining === 0) {
+      return undefined
+    } else if (this.index < this.buffer.index) {
+      this.fastForward()
+    }
+    this.remaining--
+    const value = this.head.value
+    this.head = this.head.next!
+    return value as A
+  }
+  takeN(n: number): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    if (this.remaining === 0) {
+      return Chunk.empty()
+    } else if (this.index < this.buffer.index) {
+      this.fastForward()
+    }
+    const len = Math.min(n, this.remaining)
+    const items = new Array(len)
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      const value = this.head.value as A
+      this.head = this.head.next!
+      items[i] = value
+    }
+    this.remaining -= len
+    return Chunk.unsafeFromArray(items)
+  }
+  takeAll(): Chunk.Chunk<A> {
+    return this.takeN(this.remaining)
+  }
+}
+
+const emptyReplayWindow: ReplayWindow<never> = {
+  remaining: 0,
+  take: () => undefined,
+  takeN: () => Chunk.empty(),
+  takeAll: () => Chunk.empty()
+}