@cj-tech-master/excelts 9.4.2 → 9.5.0

package/dist/esm/modules/excel/xlsx/xlsx.browser.js

@@ -10,16 +10,22 @@
  */
 import { ZipParser } from "../../archive/unzip/zip-parser.js";
 import { StreamingZip, ZipDeflateFile } from "../../archive/zip/stream.js";
-import { ExcelStreamStateError, ExcelFileError, ImageError, ExcelNotSupportedError, XmlParseError, TableError } from "../errors.js";
+// Chart serialisation / deserialisation goes through the chart-host-registry
+// slot so the chart module is only pulled into consumer bundles when they
+// explicitly `import "@cj-tech-master/excelts/chart"`. Type imports are
+// erased at runtime; runtime entry points route through `getChartSupport()`.
+import { getChartSupport } from "../chart-host-registry.js";
+import { ExcelStreamStateError, ExcelFileError, ImageError, ExcelNotSupportedError, XmlParseError, TableError, ChartOptionsError } from "../errors.js";
 import { filterDrawingAnchors } from "../utils/drawing-utils.js";
 import { rewriteExternalRefs } from "../utils/external-link-formula.js";
-import { commentsPath, ctrlPropPath, drawingPath, drawingRelsPath, externalLinkPath, externalLinkRelsPath, externalLinkRelTargetFromWorkbook, OOXML_REL_TARGETS, pivotCacheDefinitionRelTargetFromWorkbook, pivotTablePathFromName, isCommentsPath, getDrawingNameFromPath, getDrawingNameFromRelsPath, getExternalLinkIndexFromPath, getExternalLinkIndexFromRelsPath, getMediaFilenameFromPath, mediaPath, getPivotCacheDefinitionNameFromPath, getPivotCacheDefinitionNameFromRelsPath, getPivotCacheRecordsNameFromPath, getPivotTableNameFromPath, getPivotTableNameFromRelsPath, pivotCacheDefinitionPath, pivotCacheDefinitionRelsPath, pivotCacheDefinitionRelTargetFromPivotTable, pivotCacheRecordsPath, pivotCacheRecordsRelTarget, pivotTablePath, pivotTableRelsPath, getTableNameFromPath, tablePath, themePath, getThemeNameFromPath, getVmlDrawingNameFromPath, getVmlDrawingHFNameFromPath, getWorksheetNoFromWorksheetPath, getWorksheetNoFromWorksheetRelsPath, isBinaryEntryPath, normalizeZipPath, OOXML_PATHS, vmlDrawingPath, vmlDrawingHFPath, vmlDrawingHFRelsPath, worksheetPath, worksheetRelsPath, worksheetRelTarget } from "../utils/ooxml-paths.js";
-import { PassthroughManager } from "../utils/passthrough-manager.js";
+import { commentsPath, chartsheetPath, chartsheetRelsPath, getChartsheetNoFromPath, getChartsheetNoFromRelsPath, ctrlPropPath, drawingPath, drawingRelsPath, externalLinkPath, externalLinkRelsPath, externalLinkRelTargetFromWorkbook, OOXML_REL_TARGETS, pivotCacheDefinitionRelTargetFromWorkbook, pivotTablePathFromName, isCommentsPath, chartPath, chartRelsPath, chartStylePath, chartColorsPath, chartExStylePath, chartExColorsPath, chartStyleRelTarget, chartExStyleRelTarget, chartExPath, chartExRelsPath, getChartExNumberFromPath, getChartExNumberFromRelsPath, chartColorsRelTarget, chartExColorsRelTarget, chartRelTargetFromDrawing, chartExRelTargetFromDrawing, chartUserShapesPath, chartUserShapesRelTarget, getChartNumberFromPath, getChartNumberFromRelsPath, getChartStyleNumberFromPath, getChartColorsNumberFromPath, getChartExStyleNumberFromPath, getChartExColorsNumberFromPath, getDrawingNameFromPath, getChartUserShapesNameFromPath, getDrawingNameFromRelsPath, getExternalLinkIndexFromPath, getExternalLinkIndexFromRelsPath, getMediaFilenameFromPath, mediaPath, getPivotCacheDefinitionNameFromPath, getPivotCacheDefinitionNameFromRelsPath, getPivotCacheRecordsNameFromPath, getPivotTableNameFromPath, getPivotTableNameFromRelsPath, pivotCacheDefinitionPath, pivotCacheDefinitionRelsPath, pivotCacheDefinitionRelTargetFromPivotTable, pivotCacheRecordsPath, pivotCacheRecordsRelTarget, pivotTablePath, pivotTableRelsPath, getTableNameFromPath, tablePath, themePath, getThemeNameFromPath, getVmlDrawingNameFromPath, getVmlDrawingHFNameFromPath, getWorksheetNoFromWorksheetPath, getWorksheetNoFromWorksheetRelsPath, isBinaryEntryPath, normalizeZipPath, OOXML_PATHS, resolveRelTarget, vmlDrawingPath, vmlDrawingHFPath, vmlDrawingHFRelsPath, worksheetPath, worksheetRelsPath, worksheetRelTarget } from "../utils/ooxml-paths.js";
+import { validateXlsxBuffer } from "../utils/ooxml-validator/index.js";
 import { StreamBuf } from "../utils/stream-buf.js";
 import { RelType } from "./rel-type.js";
 import { ExternalLinkXform } from "./xform/book/external-link-xform.js";
 import { WorkbookXform } from "./xform/book/workbook-xform.js";
 import { CommentsXform } from "./xform/comment/comments-xform.js";
+import { parsePersonList, parseThreadedComments, renderPersonList, renderThreadedComments } from "./xform/comment/threaded-comments-xform.js";
 import { AppXform } from "./xform/core/app-xform.js";
 import { ContentTypesXform } from "./xform/core/content-types-xform.js";
 import { CoreXform } from "./xform/core/core-xform.js";
@@ -32,6 +38,7 @@ import { VmlDrawingXform } from "./xform/drawing/vml-drawing-xform.js";
 import { PivotCacheDefinitionXform } from "./xform/pivot-table/pivot-cache-definition-xform.js";
 import { PivotCacheRecordsXform } from "./xform/pivot-table/pivot-cache-records-xform.js";
 import { PivotTableXform } from "./xform/pivot-table/pivot-table-xform.js";
+import { ChartsheetXform } from "./xform/sheet/chartsheet-xform.js";
 import { WorkSheetXform } from "./xform/sheet/worksheet-xform.js";
 import { SharedStringsXform } from "./xform/strings/shared-strings-xform.js";
 import { StylesXform } from "./xform/style/styles-xform.js";
@@ -40,7 +47,10 @@ import { theme1Xml } from "./xml/theme1.js";
 import { PassThrough } from "../../stream/index.js";
 import { concatUint8Arrays } from "../../../utils/binary.js";
 import { bufferToString, base64ToUint8Array } from "../../../utils/utils.js";
+import { uuidV4 } from "../../../utils/uuid.js";
+import { xmlEncode, xmlEncodeAttr } from "../../xml/encode.js";
 import { XmlStreamWriter } from "../../xml/stream-writer.js";
+import { XmlWriter } from "../../xml/writer.js";
 class StreamingZipWriterAdapter {
     constructor(options) {
         this.events = new Map();
@@ -270,6 +280,3491 @@ function upsertSheet(link, sheetName) {
         link.sheetNames.push(sheetName);
     }
 }
+function snapshotChartModel(model) {
+    try {
+        return JSON.stringify(model);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Extract leading XML comments that appear immediately before a target
+ * element's open tag in an OOXML chart part. We use this to preserve
+ * vendor / annotation comments (e.g. style provenance markers) when the
+ * chart writer falls back to a structured rebuild — `BaseXform.parseStreamDirect`
+ * does not surface `comment` events, so the structured model has no
+ * memory of them.
+ *
+ * Returns the substring of comment nodes (whitespace stripped, joined
+ * by no separator). Empty string when no comment precedes the open tag.
+ */
+/**
+ * Build the chartsheet-drawing XML that wraps a single classic or
+ * ChartEx chart occupying the entire chartsheet canvas.
+ *
+ * Chartsheets have no cell grid — `sheetData` is empty and there are
+ * no `<cols>` / `<row>` sizing entries for Excel to lay an anchor
+ * against. A cell-based `<xdr:twoCellAnchor from="A1" to="R31"/>`
+ * (what the generic `DrawingXform` emits) therefore resolves to a
+ * 0×0 bounding box on a chartsheet, and Excel renders a blank
+ * white canvas with no chart inside. Using `<xdr:absoluteAnchor>`
+ * with concrete EMU coordinates is how Excel itself writes
+ * chartsheet drawings — the anchor's `pos`/`ext` pair gives the
+ * engine something real to lay the graphic against, while the
+ * inner `<xdr:graphicFrame>/<xdr:xfrm>` repeats the extent so the
+ * graphic is sized to fill the anchor.
+ *
+ * ChartEx drawings additionally need an `<mc:AlternateContent>`
+ * wrapper around the `<xdr:graphicFrame>` — the `cx` namespace is
+ * a Microsoft extension that legacy-Excel loaders don't understand,
+ * so the Fallback branch emits a placeholder shape (the same
+ * "This chart isn't available in your version of Excel" message
+ * Office uses).
+ */
+function renderChartsheetDrawingXml(options) {
+    const { chartRId, chartName, isChartEx, extCx, extCy } = options;
+    const escName = xmlEncodeAttr(chartName);
+    const escRId = xmlEncodeAttr(chartRId);
+    const cNvPrExtLst = isChartEx
+        ? `<a:extLst><a:ext uri="{FF2B5EF4-FFF2-40B4-BE49-F238E27FC236}"><a16:creationId xmlns:a16="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/main" id="{${uuidV4().toUpperCase()}}"/></a:ext></a:extLst>`
+        : "";
+    const graphicFrame = `<xdr:graphicFrame macro="">` +
+        `<xdr:nvGraphicFramePr>` +
+        (cNvPrExtLst
+            ? `<xdr:cNvPr id="1" name="${escName}">${cNvPrExtLst}</xdr:cNvPr>`
+            : `<xdr:cNvPr id="1" name="${escName}"/>`) +
+        `<xdr:cNvGraphicFramePr/>` +
+        `</xdr:nvGraphicFramePr>` +
+        `<xdr:xfrm>` +
+        `<a:off x="0" y="0"/>` +
+        `<a:ext cx="${extCx}" cy="${extCy}"/>` +
+        `</xdr:xfrm>` +
+        `<a:graphic>` +
+        (isChartEx
+            ? `<a:graphicData uri="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/chartex">` +
+                `<cx:chart xmlns:cx="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2014/chartex" xmlns:r="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships" r:id="${escRId}"/>` +
+                `</a:graphicData>`
+            : `<a:graphicData uri="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/chart">` +
+                `<c:chart xmlns:c="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/chart" xmlns:r="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships" r:id="${escRId}"/>` +
+                `</a:graphicData>`) +
+        `</a:graphic>` +
+        `</xdr:graphicFrame>`;
+    const fallbackShape = `<xdr:sp macro="" textlink="">` +
+        `<xdr:nvSpPr>` +
+        `<xdr:cNvPr id="0" name=""/>` +
+        `<xdr:cNvSpPr><a:spLocks noTextEdit="1"/></xdr:cNvSpPr>` +
+        `</xdr:nvSpPr>` +
+        `<xdr:spPr>` +
+        `<a:xfrm>` +
+        `<a:off x="0" y="0"/>` +
+        `<a:ext cx="${extCx}" cy="${extCy}"/>` +
+        `</a:xfrm>` +
+        `<a:prstGeom prst="rect"><a:avLst/></a:prstGeom>` +
+        `<a:solidFill><a:prstClr val="white"/></a:solidFill>` +
+        `<a:ln w="1"><a:solidFill><a:prstClr val="black"/></a:solidFill></a:ln>` +
+        `</xdr:spPr>` +
+        `<xdr:txBody>` +
+        `<a:bodyPr vertOverflow="clip" horzOverflow="clip"/>` +
+        `<a:lstStyle/>` +
+        `<a:p><a:r><a:rPr lang="en-US" sz="1100"/>` +
+        `<a:t>This chart isn&apos;t available in your version of Excel.\n\n` +
+        `Editing this shape or saving this workbook into a different file format will permanently break the chart.</a:t>` +
+        `</a:r></a:p>` +
+        `</xdr:txBody>` +
+        `</xdr:sp>`;
+    const anchorBody = isChartEx
+        ? `<mc:AlternateContent xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006">` +
+            `<mc:Choice xmlns:cx1="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/drawing/2015/9/8/chartex" Requires="cx1">` +
+            graphicFrame +
+            `</mc:Choice>` +
+            `<mc:Fallback>` +
+            fallbackShape +
+            `</mc:Fallback>` +
+            `</mc:AlternateContent>`
+        : graphicFrame;
+    return (`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>\n` +
+        `<xdr:wsDr xmlns:xdr="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/spreadsheetDrawing" xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main">` +
+        `<xdr:absoluteAnchor>` +
+        `<xdr:pos x="0" y="0"/>` +
+        `<xdr:ext cx="${extCx}" cy="${extCy}"/>` +
+        anchorBody +
+        `<xdr:clientData/>` +
+        `</xdr:absoluteAnchor>` +
+        `</xdr:wsDr>`);
+}
+function extractLeadingComments(originalXml, openTagRegex) {
+    const m = openTagRegex.exec(originalXml);
+    if (!m) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const before = originalXml.slice(0, m.index);
+    // Walk backwards collecting consecutive `<!--…-->` blocks (with
+    // optional whitespace between them and the open tag).
+    const comments = [];
+    let cursor = before.length;
+    while (cursor > 0) {
+        // Skip trailing whitespace
+        let head = cursor;
+        while (head > 0 && /\s/.test(before.charAt(head - 1))) {
+            head--;
+        }
+        // Look for `-->` ending right at `head`
+        if (head < 3 || before.slice(head - 3, head) !== "-->") {
+            break;
+        }
+        // Find the matching `<!--` start
+        const start = before.lastIndexOf("<!--", head - 3);
+        if (start < 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        comments.unshift(before.slice(start, head));
+        cursor = start;
+    }
+    return comments.join("");
+}
+/**
+ * Render a chart part (classic) to bytes via `XmlWriter`, then splice
+ * preserved leading comments from the original raw XML in front of the
+ * `<c:chart>` open tag. If the original has no leading comments or no
+ * `rawData` is available, returns the unmodified rendered bytes.
+ */
+function renderChartWithLeadingComments(entry, xform) {
+    const writer = new XmlWriter();
+    xform.render(writer, entry.model);
+    let xml = writer.toString();
+    if (entry.rawData) {
+        const originalXml = new TextDecoder().decode(entry.rawData);
+        const comments = extractLeadingComments(originalXml, /<c:chart(?:\s|>)/);
+        if (comments) {
+            xml = xml.replace(/<c:chart(\s|>)/, `${comments}<c:chart$1`);
+        }
+    }
+    return new TextEncoder().encode(xml);
+}
+/**
+ * Splice preserved leading comments from a ChartEx raw XML buffer into
+ * a freshly-rendered structural rebuild output.
+ */
+function spliceChartExLeadingComments(renderedXml, originalRawXml) {
+    if (!originalRawXml) {
+        return renderedXml;
+    }
+    const comments = extractLeadingComments(originalRawXml, /<cx:chart(?:\s|>)/);
+    if (!comments) {
+        return renderedXml;
+    }
+    return renderedXml.replace(/<cx:chart(\s|>)/, `${comments}<cx:chart$1`);
+}
+function shouldPassthroughChartEntry(entry) {
+    if (!entry.rawData || entry.dirty) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (entry.modelSnapshot === undefined) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return snapshotChartModel(entry.model) === entry.modelSnapshot;
+}
+function shouldPassthroughChartExEntry(entry) {
+    if (!entry.rawData || entry.dirty) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (entry.modelSnapshot === undefined) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return snapshotChartModel(entry.model) === entry.modelSnapshot;
+}
+function stripChartExRawXml(model) {
+    return { ...model, rawXml: undefined };
+}
+function isStrictTemplateMode(options) {
+    return options?.templateMode === "strict" || options?.strictTemplateMode === true;
+}
+/**
+ * Decide whether `writeBuffer` should run the OOXML self-check after
+ * producing bytes. Resolves the `validate` option against the current
+ * environment:
+ *
+ *   - Explicit `true` / `false` → honoured as-is.
+ *   - `undefined` (default)     → `true` in non-production Node.js
+ *                                 when NOT running under vitest. We
+ *                                 detect vitest via `process.env.VITEST`
+ *                                 to avoid adding multi-second
+ *                                 validation overhead to fixture
+ *                                 `beforeAll` hooks that produce
+ *                                 hundreds of workbooks (the chartEx
+ *                                 preset corpus alone builds ~100
+ *                                 fixtures per run — at ~450 ms each
+ *                                 that is a 45 s penalty on every full
+ *                                 suite execution). Vitest tests that
+ *                                 need validation call
+ *                                 `expectValidXlsx()` explicitly.
+ *                                 `false` in production and in the
+ *                                 browser where `process` is absent.
+ *
+ * Kept as a module-level helper so the resolution rule is testable in
+ * isolation and so subclasses can override by passing an explicit
+ * `validate` flag rather than re-implementing the default logic.
+ */
+function shouldAutoValidate(explicit) {
+    if (explicit !== undefined) {
+        return explicit;
+    }
+    // In the browser `process` is undefined; skip the overhead there.
+    if (typeof process === "undefined" || !process.env) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Vitest sets VITEST=true automatically in its worker processes.
+    // Skip the auto-check there; tests opt-in via `expectValidXlsx`.
+    if (process.env.VITEST === "true") {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+/**
+ * Run `validateXlsxBuffer` on writer output and emit a consolidated
+ * `console.warn` for every detected problem. Never throws: a validator
+ * exception is degraded to a warning so writers that intentionally
+ * produce non-conformant xlsx (e.g. for negative-path tests) keep
+ * working. The message includes the actionable opt-out so downstream
+ * consumers know how to silence it without grepping docs.
+ */
+async function runWriteBufferSelfCheck(bytes) {
+    try {
+        const report = await validateXlsxBuffer(bytes, { maxProblems: 20 });
+        if (report.ok) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const summary = report.problems
+            .map((p, i) => `  ${i + 1}. [${p.kind}] ${p.file ?? "<package>"}: ${p.message}`)
+            .join("\n");
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+        console.warn(`[excelts] writeBuffer() produced xlsx with ${report.problems.length} OOXML issue(s):\n` +
+            `${summary}\n` +
+            `Pass \`{ validate: false }\` to silence this self-check, or set NODE_ENV=production.`);
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+        console.warn(`[excelts] writeBuffer() self-check threw unexpectedly and was skipped: ${String(err)}`);
+    }
+}
+function hasChartEntryChanged(entry) {
+    if (!entry.rawData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (entry.dirty) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (entry.modelSnapshot === undefined) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return snapshotChartModel(entry.model) !== entry.modelSnapshot;
+}
+function hasChartExEntryChanged(entry) {
+    if (!entry.rawData) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (entry.dirty) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (entry.modelSnapshot === undefined) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return snapshotChartModel(entry.model) !== entry.modelSnapshot;
+}
+function shouldRequireChartRawPatch(entry, strictTemplateMode) {
+    return !!entry.requireRawPatch || (strictTemplateMode && hasChartEntryChanged(entry));
+}
+function shouldRequireChartExRawPatch(entry, strictTemplateMode) {
+    return !!entry.requireRawPatch || (strictTemplateMode && hasChartExEntryChanged(entry));
+}
+/**
+ * Assemble the error message thrown when a loaded chartEx part cannot be
+ * raw-patched but the caller required it (either `requireRawPatch` on the
+ * entry or `strictTemplateMode` at the writer). Surfaces any unknown XML
+ * elements the parser noticed so the author can decide whether to relax
+ * the requirement or adjust the mutation shape.
+ */
+function buildChartExStrictFailureMessage(entryName, model) {
+    const base = `ChartEx ${entryName} requires raw XML patching ` +
+        `(requireRawPatch/strict template mode), but the mutation cannot be safely applied as a raw XML patch.`;
+    const unknown = model?.unknownElements;
+    return appendUnknownElementsSummary(base, unknown);
+}
+/**
+ * Classic-chart counterpart of {@link buildChartExStrictFailureMessage}.
+ * Pulls `unknownElements` off the {@link ChartModel} so the same
+ * "you are about to silently drop these vendor extensions" warning is
+ * surfaced when strict template mode refuses a re-render.
+ */
+function buildChartStrictFailureMessage(entryName, model) {
+    const base = `Chart ${entryName} requires raw XML patching ` +
+        `(requireRawPatch/strict template mode), but the mutation cannot be safely applied as a raw XML patch.`;
+    const unknown = model?.unknownElements;
+    return appendUnknownElementsSummary(base, unknown);
+}
+function appendUnknownElementsSummary(base, unknown) {
+    if (!unknown || unknown.length === 0) {
+        return base;
+    }
+    // De-duplicate by path; real files often repeat the same extension element
+    // across multiple series/axes and noise doesn't help diagnosis.
+    const uniquePaths = Array.from(new Set(unknown.map(entry => entry.path))).slice(0, 8);
+    const extra = unknown.length > uniquePaths.length
+        ? ` (showing ${uniquePaths.length} of ${unknown.length})`
+        : "";
+    return (`${base} The loaded part contains unstructured XML at: ${uniquePaths.join(", ")}${extra}. ` +
+        `Rebuilding the part would discard these extensions; adjust the mutation to a ` +
+        `patch-friendly shape or relax strictTemplateMode.`);
+}
+function tryPatchChartExRawXml(entry, forceRawPatch = false) {
+    if (!entry.rawData ||
+        (!entry.preferRawPatch && !forceRawPatch) ||
+        !hasChartExEntryChanged(entry)) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const patchPlan = getChartExRawPatchPlan(entry);
+    if (patchPlan === undefined) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const raw = new TextDecoder().decode(entry.rawData);
+    const chartRange = findXmlBlock(raw, "cx:chartSpace");
+    if (!chartRange) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const chartBlock = raw.slice(chartRange.start, chartRange.end);
+    const patchedChartBlock = patchRawChartExChartBlock(chartBlock, entry.model, patchPlan);
+    if (patchedChartBlock === undefined) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const patched = raw.slice(0, chartRange.start) + patchedChartBlock + raw.slice(chartRange.end);
+    return patched !== raw ? new TextEncoder().encode(patched) : undefined;
+}
+function getChartExRawPatchPlan(entry) {
+    if (entry.modelSnapshot === undefined) {
+        return {
+            title: true,
+            data: true,
+            legend: true,
+            autoTitleDeleted: true,
+            chartSpaceSpPr: true,
+            plotAreaSpPr: true,
+            plotSurface: true,
+            series: true,
+            axes: true
+        };
+    }
+    let previous;
+    try {
+        previous = JSON.parse(entry.modelSnapshot);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const current = entry.model;
+    if (!sameJson(stripPatchableChartExFields(previous), stripPatchableChartExFields(current))) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const prevChart = previous.chartSpace?.chart;
+    const curChart = current.chartSpace?.chart;
+    const series = buildChartExSeriesRawPatchPlan(previous, current);
+    const axes = buildChartExAxisRawPatchPlan(prevChart?.plotArea?.axis ?? [], curChart?.plotArea?.axis ?? []);
+    const plan = {
+        data: !sameJson(previous.chartSpace?.chartData, current.chartSpace?.chartData),
+        title: !sameJson(prevChart?.title, curChart?.title),
+        legend: !sameJson(prevChart?.legend, curChart?.legend),
+        autoTitleDeleted: !sameJson(prevChart?.autoTitleDeleted, curChart?.autoTitleDeleted),
+        // Chart-frame styling lives on `CT_ChartSpace/spPr` in Chart2014,
+        // not on `CT_Chart`. Diff the correct slot; the `ChartExChart.spPr`
+        // field has been removed from the type.
+        chartSpaceSpPr: !sameJson(previous.chartSpace?.spPr, current.chartSpace?.spPr),
+        plotAreaSpPr: !sameJson(prevChart?.plotArea?.spPr, curChart?.plotArea?.spPr),
+        plotSurface: !sameJson(prevChart?.plotArea?.plotAreaRegion?.plotSurface, curChart?.plotArea?.plotAreaRegion?.plotSurface),
+        series,
+        axes
+    };
+    return plan.data ||
+        plan.title ||
+        plan.legend ||
+        plan.autoTitleDeleted ||
+        plan.chartSpaceSpPr ||
+        plan.plotAreaSpPr ||
+        plan.plotSurface ||
+        hasRawPatchListChanges(plan.series) ||
+        hasRawPatchListChanges(plan.axes)
+        ? plan
+        : undefined;
+}
+function buildChartExSeriesRawPatchPlan(previous, current) {
+    const previousSeries = extractChartExSeries(previous);
+    const currentSeries = extractChartExSeries(current);
+    return currentSeries.map((series, index) => {
+        const prev = previousSeries[index] ?? {};
+        return {
+            hidden: !sameJson(prev.hidden, series.hidden),
+            ownerIdx: !sameJson(prev.ownerIdx, series.ownerIdx),
+            tx: !sameJson(prev.tx, series.tx),
+            dataRefs: !sameJson(prev.dataRefs, series.dataRefs),
+            layoutPr: !sameJson(prev.layoutPr, series.layoutPr),
+            axisId: !sameJson(prev.axisId, series.axisId),
+            dataLabels: !sameJson(prev.dataLabels, series.dataLabels),
+            spPr: !sameJson(prev.spPr, series.spPr),
+            dataPoints: !sameJson(prev.dataPt, series.dataPt)
+        };
+    });
+}
+function buildChartExAxisRawPatchPlan(previousAxes, currentAxes) {
+    const previousById = new Map(previousAxes.map(axis => [axis.axisId, axis]));
+    return currentAxes.map(axis => {
+        const prev = previousById.get(axis.axisId) ?? {};
+        return {
+            hidden: !sameJson(prev.hidden, axis.hidden),
+            majorTickMark: !sameJson(prev.majorTickMark, axis.majorTickMark),
+            minorTickMark: !sameJson(prev.minorTickMark, axis.minorTickMark),
+            numFmt: !sameJson(prev.numFmt, axis.numFmt),
+            title: !sameJson(prev.title, axis.title),
+            valScaling: !sameJson(prev.valScaling, axis.valScaling),
+            catScaling: !sameJson(prev.catScaling, axis.catScaling),
+            spPr: !sameJson(prev.spPr, axis.spPr),
+            txPr: !sameJson(prev.txPr, axis.txPr)
+        };
+    });
+}
+function stripPatchableChartExFields(model) {
+    const clone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(model));
+    clone.rawXml = undefined;
+    // Vendor / extension metadata the parser recorded but the raw patcher
+    // does not rewrite. Letting them differ in the diff keeps
+    // `getChartExRawPatchPlan` from giving up on fast-path patches for
+    // loaded templates that carry c14/c15/c16 extensions. The patcher
+    // never touches these bytes, so the raw XML already preserves them
+    // verbatim.
+    clone.unknownElements = undefined;
+    if (clone.chartSpace) {
+        clone.chartSpace.chartData = undefined;
+        clone.chartSpace.clrMapOvr = undefined;
+        clone.chartSpace.extLst = undefined;
+    }
+    if (clone.chartSpace?.chart) {
+        clone.chartSpace.chart.title = undefined;
+        clone.chartSpace.chart.legend = undefined;
+        clone.chartSpace.chart.autoTitleDeleted = undefined;
+        // NOTE: `chart.spPr` was previously cleared here, but the field
+        // has been removed from `ChartExChart` (see the migration in
+        // chart-ex-parser); the writer now emits chart-frame styling from
+        // `chartSpace.spPr` only.
+        if (clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea) {
+            clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.spPr = undefined;
+            clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.axis = undefined;
+            if (clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.plotAreaRegion) {
+                clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.plotAreaRegion.layout = undefined;
+                clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.plotAreaRegion.plotSurface = undefined;
+                clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.plotAreaRegion.series = (clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.plotAreaRegion.series ?? []).map(stripPatchableChartExSeriesFields);
+            }
+            if (clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.series) {
+                clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.series = clone.chartSpace.chart.plotArea.series.map(stripPatchableChartExSeriesFields);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return clone;
+}
+function stripPatchableChartExSeriesFields(series) {
+    return {
+        ...series,
+        hidden: undefined,
+        ownerIdx: undefined,
+        tx: undefined,
+        spPr: undefined,
+        dataRefs: undefined,
+        layoutPr: undefined,
+        axisId: undefined,
+        dataLabels: undefined,
+        dataPt: undefined
+    };
+}
+function extractChartExSeries(model) {
+    const plotArea = model.chartSpace?.chart?.plotArea;
+    return plotArea?.plotAreaRegion?.series ?? plotArea?.series ?? [];
+}
+function patchRawChartExChartBlock(block, model, patchPlan) {
+    let patched = block;
+    const chart = model.chartSpace?.chart;
+    if (!chart) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.data) {
+        const dataRange = findXmlBlock(patched, "cx:chartData");
+        if (!dataRange) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const dataXml = buildRawChartExDataXml(model.chartSpace?.chartData);
+        patched = patched.slice(0, dataRange.start) + dataXml + patched.slice(dataRange.end);
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.title) {
+        const titleText = chart.title?.text?.paragraphs?.[0]?.runs?.[0]?.text;
+        patched =
+            titleText !== undefined
+                ? replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(patched, "cx:title", buildRawChartExTitleXml(titleText), ["cx:autoTitleDeleted", "cx:plotArea", "cx:legend", "cx:spPr"], "cx:chart")
+                : removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:title");
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.autoTitleDeleted) {
+        patched =
+            chart.autoTitleDeleted !== undefined
+                ? replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(patched, "cx:autoTitleDeleted", `<cx:autoTitleDeleted val="${chart.autoTitleDeleted ? "1" : "0"}"/>`, ["cx:plotArea", "cx:legend", "cx:spPr"], "cx:chart")
+                : removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:autoTitleDeleted");
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.legend) {
+        patched =
+            chart.legend !== undefined
+                ? replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(patched, "cx:legend", buildRawChartExLegendXml(chart.legend), ["cx:spPr"], "cx:chart")
+                : removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:legend");
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.chartSpaceSpPr) {
+        // Target `<cx:chartSpace>` (the root element) rather than
+        // `<cx:chart>`. Chart-frame styling belongs on the chartSpace
+        // parent per Chart2014; previous versions of this patcher
+        // incorrectly wrote it inside `<cx:chart>`, producing output
+        // strict validators reject. The siblings list is CT_ChartSpace's
+        // child order after `cx:chart`: `cx:spPr, cx:txPr, cx:externalData,
+        // cx:printSettings, cx:extLst`.
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:spPr", buildRawShapePropertiesXml(model.chartSpace?.spPr, "cx"), ["cx:txPr", "cx:externalData", "cx:printSettings", "cx:extLst"], "cx:chartSpace");
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.plotAreaSpPr || patchPlan.plotSurface) {
+        const plotRange = findXmlBlock(patched, "cx:plotArea");
+        if (!plotRange) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        let plotBlock = patched.slice(plotRange.start, plotRange.end);
+        const plotArea = chart.plotArea;
+        if (patchPlan.plotAreaSpPr) {
+            // `CT_PlotArea` sequence: `plotAreaRegion?` → `axis*` → `spPr?` →
+            // `extLst?`. `spPr` is the next-to-last child, so its only
+            // follower is `extLst`.
+            plotBlock = patchGenericChild(plotBlock, "cx:spPr", buildRawShapePropertiesXml(plotArea?.spPr, "cx"), ["cx:extLst"], "cx:plotArea");
+        }
+        if (patchPlan.plotSurface) {
+            // `CT_PlotAreaRegion` (Chart2014): `plotSurface?` → `series*` →
+            // `extLst?`. The `spPr` is a child of `<cx:plotSurface>`, NOT a
+            // direct child of `<cx:plotAreaRegion>`. Previously the raw
+            // patcher wrote a bare `<cx:spPr>` under `<cx:plotAreaRegion>`
+            // (schema violation) and also had a separate
+            // `plotAreaRegionLayout` patch that emitted `<cx:layout>`
+            // there (also invalid — layout only lives on `<cx:plotArea>` /
+            // `<cx:title>` via the manualLayout extension).
+            //
+            // The correct form is:
+            //   <cx:plotAreaRegion>
+            //     <cx:plotSurface>
+            //       <cx:spPr>…</cx:spPr>
+            //     </cx:plotSurface>
+            //     <cx:series/>
+            //     …
+            //   </cx:plotAreaRegion>
+            const regionRange = findXmlBlock(plotBlock, "cx:plotAreaRegion");
+            if (!regionRange) {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+            let regionBlock = plotBlock.slice(regionRange.start, regionRange.end);
+            const region = plotArea?.plotAreaRegion;
+            const surfaceSpPrXml = buildRawShapePropertiesXml(region?.plotSurface, "cx");
+            const plotSurfaceXml = surfaceSpPrXml
+                ? `<cx:plotSurface>${surfaceSpPrXml}</cx:plotSurface>`
+                : undefined;
+            regionBlock = patchGenericChild(regionBlock, "cx:plotSurface", plotSurfaceXml, ["cx:series", "cx:extLst"], "cx:plotAreaRegion");
+            plotBlock =
+                plotBlock.slice(0, regionRange.start) + regionBlock + plotBlock.slice(regionRange.end);
+        }
+        patched = patched.slice(0, plotRange.start) + plotBlock + patched.slice(plotRange.end);
+    }
+    if (hasRawPatchListChanges(patchPlan.series)) {
+        const next = patchRawChartExSeries(patched, chart, patchPlan);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    if (hasRawPatchListChanges(patchPlan.axes)) {
+        const next = patchRawChartExAxes(patched, chart, patchPlan.axes);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function tryPatchChartRawXml(entry, forceRawPatch = false) {
+    if (!entry.rawData || (!entry.preferRawPatch && !forceRawPatch) || !hasChartEntryChanged(entry)) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const patchPlan = getChartRawPatchPlan(entry);
+    if (patchPlan === undefined) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const raw = new TextDecoder().decode(entry.rawData);
+    let patched = raw;
+    if (patchPlan.title) {
+        const titleText = entry.model.chart?.title?.text?.paragraphs?.[0]?.runs?.[0]?.text;
+        const hasTitle = /<c:title>[\s\S]*?<\/c:title>/.test(patched);
+        if (titleText !== undefined && hasTitle) {
+            patched = patched.replace(/<c:title>[\s\S]*?<\/c:title>/, buildRawChartTitleXml(titleText));
+        }
+        else if (titleText === undefined && hasTitle) {
+            patched = patched.replace(/<c:title>[\s\S]*?<\/c:title>/, "");
+        }
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.legend) {
+        const legend = entry.model.chart?.legend;
+        if (legend === undefined) {
+            patched = patched.replace(/<c:legend>[\s\S]*?<\/c:legend>/, "");
+        }
+        else if (/<c:legend>[\s\S]*?<\/c:legend>/.test(patched)) {
+            patched = patched.replace(/<c:legend>[\s\S]*?<\/c:legend>/, buildRawChartLegendXml(legend.legendPos ?? "b"));
+        }
+    }
+    if (hasRawPatchListChanges(patchPlan.series)) {
+        const next = patchRawSeries(patched, entry.model, patchPlan.series);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.groupDataLabels) {
+        const next = patchRawChartGroupDataLabels(patched, entry.model);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.groupSimpleFields) {
+        const next = patchRawChartGroupSimpleFields(patched, entry.model);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    if (patchPlan.plotAreaLayout) {
+        const next = patchRawPlotAreaLayout(patched, entry.model);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    if (hasRawPatchListChanges(patchPlan.axes)) {
+        const next = patchRawAxes(patched, entry.model, patchPlan.axes);
+        if (next === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = next;
+    }
+    return patched !== raw ? new TextEncoder().encode(patched) : undefined;
+}
+function getChartRawPatchPlan(entry) {
+    if (entry.modelSnapshot === undefined) {
+        return {
+            title: true,
+            legend: true,
+            series: true,
+            axes: true,
+            groupDataLabels: true,
+            groupSimpleFields: true,
+            plotAreaLayout: true
+        };
+    }
+    let previous;
+    try {
+        previous = JSON.parse(entry.modelSnapshot);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const current = entry.model;
+    const prevChart = previous.chart;
+    const curChart = current.chart;
+    const plan = {
+        title: false,
+        legend: false,
+        series: buildChartSeriesRawPatchPlan(previous, current),
+        axes: buildChartAxisRawPatchPlan(prevChart?.plotArea?.axes ?? [], curChart?.plotArea?.axes ?? []),
+        groupDataLabels: false,
+        groupSimpleFields: false,
+        plotAreaLayout: false
+    };
+    const curWithoutPatchable = stripPatchableChartFields(current);
+    const prevWithoutPatchable = stripPatchableChartFields(previous);
+    if (!sameJson(curWithoutPatchable, prevWithoutPatchable)) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    plan.title = plan.title || !sameJson(prevChart?.title, curChart?.title);
+    plan.legend = plan.legend || !sameJson(prevChart?.legend, curChart?.legend);
+    plan.groupDataLabels = !sameJson(extractPatchableGroupDataLabels(previous), extractPatchableGroupDataLabels(current));
+    plan.groupSimpleFields = !sameJson(extractSimpleGroupFields(previous), extractSimpleGroupFields(current));
+    plan.plotAreaLayout = !sameJson(prevChart?.plotArea?.layout, curChart?.plotArea?.layout);
+    return plan.title ||
+        plan.legend ||
+        hasRawPatchListChanges(plan.series) ||
+        hasRawPatchListChanges(plan.axes) ||
+        plan.groupDataLabels ||
+        plan.groupSimpleFields ||
+        plan.plotAreaLayout
+        ? plan
+        : undefined;
+}
+function stripPatchableChartFields(model) {
+    const clone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(model));
+    // Top-level fields that tryPatchChartRawXml does not rewrite. Allowing
+    // them to differ between `previous` and `current` means a caller can
+    // load a template that carries c14/c15/c16 extension XML, edit a
+    // title or legend, and still take the fast raw-patch path — without
+    // this the extLst JSON shape shifts (e.g. empty string `""` vs
+    // `undefined` after a round-trip) and the plan gets rejected.
+    //
+    // We deliberately do NOT strip `pivotOptions`: it is structurally
+    // parsed, and the raw patcher has no branch to replay a mutation
+    // into the XML. Keeping it out of the whitelist forces a rebuild so
+    // the user's change is honoured.
+    clone.extLst = undefined;
+    clone.unknownElements = undefined;
+    clone.extraNamespaces = undefined;
+    clone.alternateContentStyle = undefined;
+    clone.clrMapOvr = undefined;
+    clone.protection = undefined;
+    if (clone.chart) {
+        clone.chart.title = undefined;
+        clone.chart.legend = undefined;
+        clone.chart.extLst = undefined;
+        if (clone.chart.plotArea) {
+            clone.chart.plotArea.axes = (clone.chart.plotArea.axes ?? []).map(stripPatchableAxisFields);
+            clone.chart.plotArea.layout = undefined;
+            clone.chart.plotArea.extLst = undefined;
+            for (const group of clone.chart.plotArea.chartTypes ?? []) {
+                group.dataLabels = undefined;
+                group.extLst = undefined;
+                // Simple leaf fields the `patchRawChartGroupSimpleFields`
+                // branch rewrites in place (see `SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_TAGS`).
+                // Stripping them from the baseline diff is what makes the
+                // "edit `overlap` then write" path take the fast raw-patch
+                // route instead of a full structural rebuild. Every field
+                // listed here must have a matching entry in
+                // `SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_TAGS` — the two are kept symmetric.
+                for (const field of SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_NAMES) {
+                    group[field] = undefined;
+                }
+                group.series = (group.series ?? []).map((series) => ({
+                    ...series,
+                    tx: undefined,
+                    spPr: undefined,
+                    marker: undefined,
+                    dataPoints: undefined,
+                    trendlines: undefined,
+                    errorBars: undefined,
+                    cat: undefined,
+                    val: undefined,
+                    xVal: undefined,
+                    yVal: undefined,
+                    bubbleSize: undefined,
+                    dataLabels: undefined,
+                    extLst: undefined
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return clone;
+}
+function stripPatchableAxisFields(axis) {
+    return {
+        ...axis,
+        scaling: undefined,
+        delete: undefined,
+        majorGridlines: undefined,
+        minorGridlines: undefined,
+        title: undefined,
+        numFmt: undefined,
+        majorTickMark: undefined,
+        minorTickMark: undefined,
+        tickLblPos: undefined,
+        spPr: undefined,
+        txPr: undefined,
+        crosses: undefined,
+        crossesAt: undefined,
+        auto: undefined,
+        lblAlgn: undefined,
+        lblOffset: undefined,
+        tickLblSkip: undefined,
+        tickMarkSkip: undefined,
+        noMultiLvlLbl: undefined,
+        crossBetween: undefined,
+        majorUnit: undefined,
+        minorUnit: undefined,
+        baseTimeUnit: undefined,
+        majorTimeUnit: undefined,
+        minorTimeUnit: undefined,
+        // `c:extLst` on an axis is always raw XML passthrough in the
+        // structural parser; freezing it out of the diff lets template
+        // edits (scaling / gridlines / title) take the fast raw-patch
+        // path when the template happens to carry c15:axisTitleExtLst or
+        // similar vendor ext markers.
+        extLst: undefined
+    };
+}
+function extractPatchableGroupDataLabels(model) {
+    return (model.chart?.plotArea?.chartTypes ?? []).map((group) => group.dataLabels);
+}
+function buildChartSeriesRawPatchPlan(previous, current) {
+    const previousSeries = flattenChartSeries(previous);
+    return flattenChartSeries(current).map((series, index) => {
+        const prev = previousSeries[index] ?? {};
+        return {
+            tx: !sameJson(prev.tx, series.tx),
+            spPr: !sameJson(prev.spPr, series.spPr),
+            marker: !sameJson(prev.marker, series.marker),
+            dataPoints: !sameJson(prev.dataPoints, series.dataPoints),
+            trendlines: !sameJson(prev.trendlines, series.trendlines),
+            errorBars: !sameJson(prev.errorBars, series.errorBars),
+            cat: !sameJson(prev.cat, series.cat),
+            val: !sameJson(prev.val, series.val),
+            xVal: !sameJson(prev.xVal, series.xVal),
+            yVal: !sameJson(prev.yVal, series.yVal),
+            bubbleSize: !sameJson(prev.bubbleSize, series.bubbleSize),
+            dataLabels: !sameJson(prev.dataLabels, series.dataLabels)
+        };
+    });
+}
+function buildChartAxisRawPatchPlan(previousAxes, currentAxes) {
+    const previousById = new Map(previousAxes.map(axis => [axis.axId, axis]));
+    return currentAxes.map(axis => {
+        const prev = previousById.get(axis.axId) ?? {};
+        return {
+            scaling: !sameJson(prev.scaling, axis.scaling),
+            delete: !sameJson(prev.delete, axis.delete),
+            title: !sameJson(prev.title, axis.title),
+            numFmt: !sameJson(prev.numFmt, axis.numFmt),
+            majorGridlines: !sameJson(prev.majorGridlines, axis.majorGridlines),
+            minorGridlines: !sameJson(prev.minorGridlines, axis.minorGridlines),
+            majorTickMark: !sameJson(prev.majorTickMark, axis.majorTickMark),
+            minorTickMark: !sameJson(prev.minorTickMark, axis.minorTickMark),
+            tickLblPos: !sameJson(prev.tickLblPos, axis.tickLblPos),
+            spPr: !sameJson(prev.spPr, axis.spPr),
+            txPr: !sameJson(prev.txPr, axis.txPr),
+            crosses: !sameJson(prev.crosses, axis.crosses),
+            crossesAt: !sameJson(prev.crossesAt, axis.crossesAt),
+            auto: !sameJson(prev.auto, axis.auto),
+            lblAlgn: !sameJson(prev.lblAlgn, axis.lblAlgn),
+            lblOffset: !sameJson(prev.lblOffset, axis.lblOffset),
+            tickLblSkip: !sameJson(prev.tickLblSkip, axis.tickLblSkip),
+            tickMarkSkip: !sameJson(prev.tickMarkSkip, axis.tickMarkSkip),
+            noMultiLvlLbl: !sameJson(prev.noMultiLvlLbl, axis.noMultiLvlLbl),
+            crossBetween: !sameJson(prev.crossBetween, axis.crossBetween),
+            majorUnit: !sameJson(prev.majorUnit, axis.majorUnit),
+            minorUnit: !sameJson(prev.minorUnit, axis.minorUnit),
+            baseTimeUnit: !sameJson(prev.baseTimeUnit, axis.baseTimeUnit),
+            majorTimeUnit: !sameJson(prev.majorTimeUnit, axis.majorTimeUnit),
+            minorTimeUnit: !sameJson(prev.minorTimeUnit, axis.minorTimeUnit)
+        };
+    });
+}
+function flattenChartSeries(model) {
+    return (model.chart?.plotArea?.chartTypes ?? []).flatMap((group) => (group.series ?? []).map((series) => ({
+        tx: series.tx,
+        spPr: series.spPr,
+        marker: series.marker,
+        dataPoints: series.dataPoints,
+        trendlines: series.trendlines,
+        errorBars: series.errorBars,
+        cat: series.cat,
+        val: series.val,
+        xVal: series.xVal,
+        yVal: series.yVal,
+        bubbleSize: series.bubbleSize,
+        dataLabels: series.dataLabels
+    })));
+}
+function sameJson(left, right) {
+    return JSON.stringify(left) === JSON.stringify(right);
+}
+function hasRawPatchListChanges(plan) {
+    return (plan === true || (Array.isArray(plan) && plan.some(item => Object.values(item).some(Boolean))));
+}
+function getRawPatchListItem(plan, index) {
+    return plan === true ? true : Array.isArray(plan) ? (plan[index] ?? false) : false;
+}
+function rawPatchFlag(plan, key) {
+    if (plan === true) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (plan === false) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return Boolean(plan[key]);
+}
+function buildRawChartTitleXml(text) {
+    // Full text escape (strips C0 control characters beyond `\t\n\r`,
+    // encodes the five reserved entities) so injected titles can't break
+    // out of the `<a:t>` element. Matches the `escapeXml` helper used
+    // elsewhere in this module.
+    const escaped = escapeXml(text);
+    return `<c:title><c:tx><c:rich><a:bodyPr/><a:lstStyle/><a:p><a:r><a:t>${escaped}</a:t></a:r></a:p></c:rich></c:tx><c:overlay val="0"/></c:title>`;
+}
+function buildRawChartLegendXml(pos) {
+    // Escape the attribute value — `pos` is typed as `LegendPosition`
+    // (a 5-member enum) but the raw-patch path can't enforce that
+    // statically, so a malicious or buggy caller could inject XML via
+    // the attribute. Narrow to the enum set so truly unexpected values
+    // fall back to the schema default `"b"` instead of being echoed
+    // through verbatim.
+    const safe = pos === "b" || pos === "l" || pos === "r" || pos === "t" || pos === "tr" ? pos : "b";
+    return `<c:legend><c:legendPos val="${safe}"/><c:overlay val="0"/></c:legend>`;
+}
+function buildRawChartExTitleXml(text) {
+    return `<cx:title><cx:tx><cx:rich><a:bodyPr/><a:lstStyle/><a:p><a:r><a:t>${escapeXml(text)}</a:t></a:r></a:p></cx:rich></cx:tx><cx:overlay val="0"/></cx:title>`;
+}
+function buildRawChartExLegendXml(legend) {
+    // Delegate to the structured ChartEx writer so the raw-patch path
+    // produces a byte-identical serialisation. Previously this function
+    // hand-rolled a self-closing `<cx:legend pos="…" overlay="…"/>`,
+    // silently dropping `align`, `legendEntry*`, `spPr`, `txPr`, and
+    // `extLst` on every styled-legend round-trip. Sharing the writer
+    // guarantees parity with the non-raw path.
+    // Indentation differs from the structured writer's formatted output —
+    // the raw patcher inserts into an inline stream, so strip the
+    // leading indent that `renderChartExLegendXml` prefixes each line
+    // with. The result is semantically identical; just flattened.
+    return getChartSupport()
+        .renderChartExLegendXml(legend)
+        .split("\n")
+        .map(line => line.replace(/^\s*/, ""))
+        .join("");
+}
+function buildRawChartExDataXml(chartData) {
+    const parts = ["<cx:chartData>"];
+    // NOTE: `cx:externalData` is a child of `cx:chartSpace` per
+    // Chart2014's `CT_ChartSpace`, NOT of `cx:chartData`. The raw
+    // patcher used to emit it here — that produced a document Office
+    // rejected in strict mode. The structured writer and raw-patch
+    // paths now both emit externalData at the chartSpace level; any
+    // legacy `chartData.externalData` is migrated to
+    // `chartSpace.externalData` at parse time so the deprecated slot
+    // can be ignored here without data loss.
+    for (const entry of chartData?.data ?? []) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:data id="${entry.id}">`);
+        if (entry.strDim) {
+            parts.push(buildRawChartExStringDimensionXml(entry.strDim));
+        }
+        if (entry.numDim) {
+            parts.push(buildRawChartExNumericDimensionXml(entry.numDim));
+        }
+        parts.push("</cx:data>");
+    }
+    parts.push("</cx:chartData>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawChartExStringDimensionXml(dim) {
+    const parts = [`<cx:strDim type="${escapeAttr(dim.type)}">`];
+    if (dim.formula) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:f>${escapeXml(dim.formula)}</cx:f>`);
+    }
+    for (const level of dim.levels ?? []) {
+        const ptCount = level.ptCount ?? level.points?.length ?? 0;
+        if (!level.points?.length) {
+            parts.push(`<cx:lvl ptCount="${ptCount}"/>`);
+        }
+        else {
+            parts.push(`<cx:lvl ptCount="${ptCount}">`);
+            for (const point of level.points) {
+                parts.push(`<cx:pt idx="${point.index}">${escapeXml(String(point.value))}</cx:pt>`);
+            }
+            parts.push("</cx:lvl>");
+        }
+    }
+    parts.push("</cx:strDim>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawChartExNumericDimensionXml(dim) {
+    const parts = [`<cx:numDim type="${escapeAttr(dim.type)}">`];
+    if (dim.formula) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:f>${escapeXml(dim.formula)}</cx:f>`);
+    }
+    for (const level of dim.levels ?? []) {
+        const ptCount = level.ptCount ?? level.points?.length ?? 0;
+        const fmt = level.formatCode ? ` formatCode="${escapeAttr(level.formatCode)}"` : "";
+        if (!level.points?.length) {
+            parts.push(`<cx:lvl ptCount="${ptCount}"${fmt}/>`);
+        }
+        else {
+            parts.push(`<cx:lvl ptCount="${ptCount}"${fmt}>`);
+            for (const point of level.points) {
+                parts.push(`<cx:pt idx="${point.index}">${escapeXml(String(point.value))}</cx:pt>`);
+            }
+            parts.push("</cx:lvl>");
+        }
+    }
+    parts.push("</cx:numDim>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function patchRawSeries(raw, model, patchPlan) {
+    // Track the owning chart-type group for each series so doughnut
+    // series can suppress `c:dLblPos` when writing `<c:dLbls>` — Excel
+    // rejects that element on doughnut charts (see
+    // `_renderDoughnutChart` in `chart-space-xform.ts`).
+    const seriesEntries = [];
+    for (const group of model.chart?.plotArea?.chartTypes ?? []) {
+        for (const series of group.series ?? []) {
+            seriesEntries.push({ series, chartType: group.type });
+        }
+    }
+    let index = 0;
+    return replaceXmlBlocks(raw, "c:ser", block => {
+        const entry = seriesEntries[index++];
+        const seriesPlan = getRawPatchListItem(patchPlan, index - 1);
+        return entry && seriesPlan
+            ? patchRawSeriesBlock(block, entry.series, seriesPlan, entry.chartType)
+            : block;
+    });
+}
+function patchRawSeriesBlock(block, series, patchPlan, chartType) {
+    let patched = block;
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "tx") && series.tx) {
+        const txXml = buildRawSeriesTxXml(series.tx);
+        patched = replaceOrInsertBefore(patched, "c:tx", txXml, [
+            "c:spPr",
+            "c:cat",
+            "c:xVal",
+            "c:val",
+            "c:yVal",
+            "c:bubbleSize"
+        ]);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "spPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "c:spPr", buildRawShapePropertiesXml(series.spPr, "c"), [
+            "c:marker",
+            "c:invertIfNegative",
+            "c:pictureOptions",
+            "c:dPt",
+            "c:dLbls",
+            "c:trendline",
+            "c:errBars",
+            "c:cat",
+            "c:xVal",
+            "c:val",
+            "c:yVal",
+            "c:bubbleSize",
+            "c:smooth",
+            "c:shape",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], "c:ser");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "marker")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "c:marker", buildRawMarkerXml(series.marker), [
+            "c:dPt",
+            "c:dLbls",
+            "c:trendline",
+            "c:errBars",
+            "c:cat",
+            "c:xVal",
+            "c:val",
+            "c:yVal",
+            "c:bubbleSize",
+            "c:smooth",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], "c:ser");
+    }
+    for (const [tag, source] of [
+        ["c:cat", series.cat],
+        ["c:val", series.val],
+        ["c:xVal", series.xVal],
+        ["c:yVal", series.yVal],
+        ["c:bubbleSize", series.bubbleSize]
+    ]) {
+        if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, chartSeriesPatchKeyForDataTag(tag))) {
+            if (!source) {
+                patched = removeXmlBlock(patched, tag);
+                continue;
+            }
+            const dataXml = buildRawDataSourceXml(tag, source);
+            if (!dataXml) {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+            patched = replaceOrInsertBefore(patched, tag, dataXml, ["c:smooth", "c:shape", "c:extLst"]);
+        }
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "dataPoints")) {
+        const dataPointsXml = buildRawDataPointsXml(series.dataPoints);
+        patched = patchRepeatingChildren(patched, "c:dPt", dataPointsXml, [
+            "c:dLbls",
+            "c:trendline",
+            "c:errBars",
+            "c:cat",
+            "c:xVal",
+            "c:val",
+            "c:yVal",
+            "c:bubbleSize",
+            "c:smooth",
+            "c:shape",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], "c:ser");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "trendlines")) {
+        const trendlinesXml = buildRawTrendlinesXml(series.trendlines);
+        patched = patchRepeatingChildren(patched, "c:trendline", trendlinesXml, [
+            "c:errBars",
+            "c:cat",
+            "c:xVal",
+            "c:val",
+            "c:yVal",
+            "c:bubbleSize",
+            "c:smooth",
+            "c:shape",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], "c:ser");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "errorBars")) {
+        const errorBarsXml = buildRawErrorBarsXml(series.errorBars);
+        patched = patchRepeatingChildren(patched, "c:errBars", errorBarsXml, ["c:cat", "c:xVal", "c:val", "c:yVal", "c:bubbleSize", "c:smooth", "c:shape", "c:extLst"], "c:ser");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "dataLabels")) {
+        if (series.dataLabels) {
+            patched = replaceOrInsertBefore(patched, "c:dLbls", buildRawDataLabelsXml(series.dataLabels, { suppressDLblPos: chartType === "doughnut" }), [
+                "c:trendline",
+                "c:errBars",
+                "c:cat",
+                "c:xVal",
+                "c:val",
+                "c:yVal",
+                "c:bubbleSize",
+                "c:smooth",
+                "c:shape",
+                "c:extLst"
+            ]);
+        }
+        else {
+            patched = patched.replace(/<c:dLbls>[\s\S]*?<\/c:dLbls>/, "");
+        }
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function chartSeriesPatchKeyForDataTag(tag) {
+    switch (tag) {
+        case "c:cat":
+            return "cat";
+        case "c:val":
+            return "val";
+        case "c:xVal":
+            return "xVal";
+        case "c:yVal":
+            return "yVal";
+        default:
+            return "bubbleSize";
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Ordered child tag list for each `ChartTypeGroup` block in a classic
+ * chartN.xml, used by `replaceOrRemoveSimpleGroupField` to place a new
+ * leaf in the correct schema position. The ordering mirrors the
+ * `_renderXxxChart` functions in `chart-space-xform.ts` and is the
+ * "schema order" ECMA-376 requires — inserting `c:gapWidth` before
+ * `c:barDir` would produce XML Excel refuses to open.
+ *
+ * Tags not listed (e.g. `c:dLbls`, `c:ser`, `c:extLst`) are inserted
+ * by existing dedicated patchers. Anything in this map is a single
+ * `<c:… val="…"/>` leaf with no child elements.
+ */
+const CLASSIC_GROUP_CHILD_ORDER = [
+    "c:barDir",
+    "c:grouping",
+    "c:varyColors",
+    "c:ofPieType",
+    "c:radarStyle",
+    "c:scatterStyle",
+    "c:wireframe",
+    "c:ser",
+    "c:dLbls",
+    "c:marker",
+    "c:smooth",
+    "c:dropLines",
+    "c:hiLowLines",
+    "c:upDownBars",
+    "c:bubbleScale",
+    "c:showNegBubbles",
+    "c:sizeRepresents",
+    "c:gapWidth",
+    "c:overlap",
+    "c:serLines",
+    "c:shape",
+    "c:firstSliceAng",
+    "c:holeSize",
+    "c:gapDepth",
+    "c:splitType",
+    "c:splitPos",
+    "c:custSplit",
+    "c:secondPieSize",
+    "c:axId",
+    "c:extLst"
+];
+/**
+ * The subset of {@link CLASSIC_GROUP_CHILD_ORDER} that
+ * `patchRawChartGroupSimpleFields` can rewrite in place. The field
+ * name on the left is the `ChartTypeGroup` model key; the right-hand
+ * value is the OOXML element name (sans `val=` attribute, which this
+ * patcher always uses). Boolean model fields are serialised as
+ * `"1"` / `"0"` to match the ECMA-376 convention.
+ *
+ * Kept in sync with `SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_NAMES` (used by
+ * `stripPatchableChartFields`) — every entry in this map must also be
+ * stripped from the baseline diff, otherwise a plain
+ * "previous === current after strip" check would see the mutated
+ * leaf and refuse the raw-patch plan.
+ */
+const SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_TAGS = {
+    barDir: "c:barDir",
+    grouping: "c:grouping",
+    varyColors: "c:varyColors",
+    gapWidth: "c:gapWidth",
+    overlap: "c:overlap",
+    firstSliceAng: "c:firstSliceAng",
+    holeSize: "c:holeSize",
+    gapDepth: "c:gapDepth",
+    scatterStyle: "c:scatterStyle",
+    radarStyle: "c:radarStyle",
+    ofPieType: "c:ofPieType",
+    splitType: "c:splitType",
+    splitPos: "c:splitPos",
+    secondPieSize: "c:secondPieSize",
+    bubbleScale: "c:bubbleScale",
+    showNegBubbles: "c:showNegBubbles",
+    sizeRepresents: "c:sizeRepresents",
+    shape: "c:shape",
+    smooth: "c:smooth",
+    wireframe: "c:wireframe"
+};
+const SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_NAMES = Object.keys(SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_TAGS);
+/**
+ * Extract the simple-field projection of every chart-type group in a
+ * `ChartModel` for diffing. Produces a stable array of plain objects
+ * (one per group) keyed by field name so
+ * `sameJson(extractSimpleGroupFields(prev), extractSimpleGroupFields(curr))`
+ * answers "did any group simple field change?".
+ */
+function extractSimpleGroupFields(model) {
+    const groups = model.chart?.plotArea?.chartTypes ?? [];
+    return groups.map((group) => {
+        const out = { type: group.type };
+        for (const key of SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_NAMES) {
+            if (group[key] !== undefined) {
+                out[key] = group[key];
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    });
+}
+/**
+ * Raw-XML patcher for the simple leaf fields of every chart-type
+ * group: `gapWidth`, `overlap`, `varyColors`, `firstSliceAng`,
+ * `holeSize`, `gapDepth`, `radarStyle`, `scatterStyle`, `ofPieType`,
+ * `smooth`, and the other `val="…"` leaves listed in
+ * {@link SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_TAGS}. Called by `tryPatchChartRawXml`
+ * when `plan.groupSimpleFields` is true so these common user edits
+ * (tightening bar overlap, rotating a pie, lowering bubble scale)
+ * keep the fast raw-patch path instead of rebuilding the chart XML
+ * structurally and losing any vendor extensions along the way.
+ *
+ * Returns `undefined` when a group block cannot be located or its
+ * type lacks a known tag — signalling to the caller that it should
+ * fall back to a structural rebuild.
+ */
+function patchRawChartGroupSimpleFields(raw, model) {
+    let patched = raw;
+    for (const group of model.chart?.plotArea?.chartTypes ?? []) {
+        const tag = chartGroupTagName(group);
+        if (!tag) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const range = findXmlBlock(patched, tag);
+        if (!range) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const block = patched.slice(range.start, range.end);
+        // Series blocks can themselves contain elements with the same
+        // tag names (e.g. a custom series dLbls might ship with a stale
+        // `c:smooth`); mask them out while we rewrite the group-level
+        // leaves so our regex replacements don't accidentally target a
+        // series-internal element.
+        const { xml: withoutSeries, seriesBlocks } = preserveSeriesBlocks(block, xml => xml);
+        let current = withoutSeries;
+        for (const fieldName of SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_NAMES) {
+            const xmlTag = SIMPLE_GROUP_FIELD_TAGS[fieldName];
+            const value = group[fieldName];
+            current = replaceOrRemoveSimpleGroupField(current, xmlTag, value);
+        }
+        const restored = restoreSeriesBlocks(current, seriesBlocks);
+        patched = patched.slice(0, range.start) + restored + patched.slice(range.end);
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+/**
+ * Replace, insert, or remove a `<c:xxx val="…"/>` leaf inside a
+ * chart-type group block while keeping the block's child order
+ * schema-valid (see {@link CLASSIC_GROUP_CHILD_ORDER}).
+ *
+ * - `value === undefined` → element is removed if present, left
+ *   untouched otherwise.
+ * - `value !== undefined` → element is rewritten in place when it
+ *   already exists, or inserted before the first schema-later
+ *   sibling when it does not.
+ *
+ * Booleans are serialised as `"1"` / `"0"`; numbers use their string
+ * representation; strings pass through with attribute escaping. The
+ * schema only expects these three primitive shapes for simple leaves.
+ */
+function replaceOrRemoveSimpleGroupField(block, tag, value) {
+    const leafRegex = new RegExp(`<${escapeRegExp(tag)}(?:\\s+[^/>]*)?/>`, "g");
+    if (value === undefined) {
+        // Strip the existing leaf if present, no-op otherwise.
+        return block.replace(leafRegex, "");
+    }
+    const serialised = serialiseSimpleGroupFieldValue(value);
+    const replacement = `<${tag} val="${serialised}"/>`;
+    if (leafRegex.test(block)) {
+        return block.replace(leafRegex, replacement);
+    }
+    // Insert in schema order: find the first sibling that comes after
+    // our tag in CLASSIC_GROUP_CHILD_ORDER and that exists in the
+    // current block.
+    const tagIndex = CLASSIC_GROUP_CHILD_ORDER.indexOf(tag);
+    if (tagIndex < 0) {
+        return block; // unknown tag — do not risk corrupting the XML
+    }
+    const laterSiblings = CLASSIC_GROUP_CHILD_ORDER.slice(tagIndex + 1);
+    for (const sibling of laterSiblings) {
+        const siblingIdx = block.indexOf(`<${sibling}`);
+        if (siblingIdx >= 0) {
+            return block.slice(0, siblingIdx) + replacement + block.slice(siblingIdx);
+        }
+    }
+    // No later sibling found — insert before the closing `</…Chart>`.
+    const closeMatch = /<\/c:\w+Chart>\s*$/.exec(block);
+    if (closeMatch) {
+        const insertAt = closeMatch.index;
+        return block.slice(0, insertAt) + replacement + block.slice(insertAt);
+    }
+    return block;
+}
+function escapeRegExp(value) {
+    return value.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
+}
+function serialiseSimpleGroupFieldValue(value) {
+    if (typeof value === "boolean") {
+        return value ? "1" : "0";
+    }
+    if (typeof value === "number") {
+        // Guard against `NaN` / `Infinity` leaking into the attribute —
+        // `String(NaN) === "NaN"` produces XML Excel rejects. Callers
+        // that pass an invalid numeric should get an empty string
+        // instead; the caller removes the leaf on absence, so an empty
+        // serialise is equivalent to "don't emit this field".
+        return Number.isFinite(value) ? String(value) : "";
+    }
+    // Strings go through the canonical attribute encoder. Previously
+    // this helper hand-rolled a minimal `& " <` escape chain, which
+    // let newlines / tabs / illegal XML chars / lone surrogates
+    // through verbatim — the raw patcher then produced attribute
+    // values that (a) normalized to a single space on parse (XML 1.0
+    // §3.3.3), losing newlines, or (b) contained chars no parser
+    // accepts. `xmlEncodeAttr` strips the illegal ones and encodes
+    // CR/LF/Tab as numeric character references so round-trip preserves
+    // whitespace.
+    return xmlEncodeAttr(String(value));
+}
+function patchRawChartGroupDataLabels(raw, model) {
+    let patched = raw;
+    for (const group of model.chart?.plotArea?.chartTypes ?? []) {
+        const tag = chartGroupTagName(group);
+        if (!tag) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const range = findXmlBlock(patched, tag);
+        if (!range) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const block = patched.slice(range.start, range.end);
+        const replacement = patchRawChartGroupDataLabelsBlock(block, group);
+        patched = patched.slice(0, range.start) + replacement + patched.slice(range.end);
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function patchRawPlotAreaLayout(raw, model) {
+    const plotArea = model.chart?.plotArea;
+    const range = findXmlBlock(raw, "c:plotArea");
+    if (!range || !plotArea) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const block = raw.slice(range.start, range.end);
+    const layoutXml = plotArea.layout ? buildRawLayoutXml(plotArea.layout) : "";
+    const patched = layoutXml
+        ? replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(block, "c:layout", layoutXml, [
+            "c:areaChart",
+            "c:area3DChart",
+            "c:barChart",
+            "c:bar3DChart",
+            "c:lineChart",
+            "c:line3DChart",
+            "c:pieChart",
+            "c:pie3DChart",
+            "c:doughnutChart",
+            "c:scatterChart",
+            "c:bubbleChart",
+            "c:radarChart",
+            "c:stockChart",
+            "c:surfaceChart",
+            "c:surface3DChart",
+            "c:ofPieChart",
+            "c:catAx",
+            "c:valAx",
+            "c:serAx",
+            "c:dateAx",
+            "c:spPr"
+        ], "c:plotArea")
+        : removeXmlBlock(block, "c:layout");
+    return raw.slice(0, range.start) + patched + raw.slice(range.end);
+}
+function buildRawLayoutXml(layout, namespace = "c") {
+    if (!layout?.manualLayout) {
+        return `<${namespace}:layout/>`;
+    }
+    const ml = layout.manualLayout;
+    const parts = [`<${namespace}:layout><${namespace}:manualLayout>`];
+    for (const [name, value] of [
+        ["layoutTarget", ml.layoutTarget],
+        ["xMode", ml.xMode],
+        ["yMode", ml.yMode],
+        ["wMode", ml.wMode],
+        ["hMode", ml.hMode],
+        ["x", ml.x],
+        ["y", ml.y],
+        ["w", ml.w],
+        ["h", ml.h]
+    ]) {
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            parts.push(`<${namespace}:${name} val="${escapeAttr(String(value))}"/>`);
+        }
+    }
+    parts.push(`</${namespace}:manualLayout></${namespace}:layout>`);
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function patchRawChartGroupDataLabelsBlock(block, group) {
+    const withoutSeriesBlocks = preserveSeriesBlocks(block, xml => xml);
+    if (group.dataLabels) {
+        return restoreSeriesBlocks(replaceOrInsertBefore(withoutSeriesBlocks.xml, "c:dLbls", buildRawDataLabelsXml(group.dataLabels, {
+            suppressDLblPos: group.type === "doughnut"
+        }), [
+            "c:gapWidth",
+            "c:overlap",
+            "c:serLines",
+            "c:axId",
+            "c:firstSliceAng",
+            "c:holeSize",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ]), withoutSeriesBlocks.seriesBlocks);
+    }
+    const stripped = withoutSeriesBlocks.xml.replace(/<c:dLbls>[\s\S]*?<\/c:dLbls>/, "");
+    return restoreSeriesBlocks(stripped, withoutSeriesBlocks.seriesBlocks);
+}
+function chartGroupTagName(group) {
+    const tagByType = {
+        bar: "c:barChart",
+        bar3D: "c:bar3DChart",
+        line: "c:lineChart",
+        line3D: "c:line3DChart",
+        pie: "c:pieChart",
+        pie3D: "c:pie3DChart",
+        doughnut: "c:doughnutChart",
+        area: "c:areaChart",
+        area3D: "c:area3DChart",
+        scatter: "c:scatterChart",
+        bubble: "c:bubbleChart",
+        radar: "c:radarChart",
+        stock: "c:stockChart",
+        surface: "c:surfaceChart",
+        surface3D: "c:surface3DChart",
+        ofPie: "c:ofPieChart"
+    };
+    return tagByType[group.type];
+}
+function preserveSeriesBlocks(block, transform) {
+    const seriesBlocks = [];
+    let cursor = 0;
+    let xml = "";
+    while (cursor < block.length) {
+        const range = findXmlBlock(block, "c:ser", cursor);
+        if (!range) {
+            xml += block.slice(cursor);
+            break;
+        }
+        xml += block.slice(cursor, range.start);
+        const placeholder = `__EXCELTS_SER_${seriesBlocks.length}__`;
+        seriesBlocks.push(transform(block.slice(range.start, range.end)));
+        xml += placeholder;
+        cursor = range.end;
+    }
+    return { xml, seriesBlocks };
+}
+function restoreSeriesBlocks(block, seriesBlocks) {
+    return seriesBlocks.reduce((xml, seriesBlock, i) => xml.replace(`__EXCELTS_SER_${i}__`, seriesBlock), block);
+}
+function buildRawDataLabelsXml(dataLabels, opts) {
+    const parts = ["<c:dLbls>"];
+    if (Array.isArray(dataLabels.entries)) {
+        for (const entry of dataLabels.entries) {
+            parts.push(buildRawDataLabelEntryXml(entry, opts));
+        }
+    }
+    // ECMA-376 `CT_DLbls` (§21.2.2.49) child order (confirmed against
+    // Microsoft OpenXML `DataLabels.ChildElementInfo`):
+    //   dLbl*, delete | (numFmt, spPr, txPr, dLblPos, showLegendKey,
+    //     showVal, showCatName, showSerName, showPercent,
+    //     showBubbleSize, separator, showLeaderLines, leaderLines),
+    //   extLst?.
+    // The earlier raw-builder placed every `show*` flag BEFORE
+    // `dLblPos` / `spPr` / `txPr` and `separator` AFTER
+    // `showLeaderLines` — two schema violations that Excel silently
+    // tolerates but LibreOffice strict mode refuses.
+    if (dataLabels.numFmt?.formatCode) {
+        const sourceLinked = dataLabels.numFmt.sourceLinked === undefined
+            ? "1"
+            : dataLabels.numFmt.sourceLinked
+                ? "1"
+                : "0";
+        parts.push(`<c:numFmt formatCode="${escapeAttr(dataLabels.numFmt.formatCode)}" sourceLinked="${sourceLinked}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(dataLabels.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.txPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawTextPropertiesXml(dataLabels.txPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    // Doughnut charts must not emit `c:dLblPos` — Excel rejects the
+    // element on open. See `_renderDoughnutChart` in
+    // `chart-space-xform.ts` for the full rationale and bisect.
+    if (dataLabels.position !== undefined && !opts?.suppressDLblPos) {
+        parts.push(`<c:dLblPos val="${escapeAttr(String(dataLabels.position))}"/>`);
+    }
+    const flags = [
+        ["showLegendKey", dataLabels.showLegendKey],
+        ["showVal", dataLabels.showVal],
+        ["showCatName", dataLabels.showCatName],
+        ["showSerName", dataLabels.showSerName],
+        ["showPercent", dataLabels.showPercent],
+        ["showBubbleSize", dataLabels.showBubbleSize]
+    ];
+    for (const [name, value] of flags) {
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            parts.push(`<c:${name} val="${value ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+        }
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.separator !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:separator>${escapeXml(String(dataLabels.separator))}</c:separator>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.showLeaderLines !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:showLeaderLines val="${dataLabels.showLeaderLines ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.extLst) {
+        parts.push(dataLabels.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:dLbls>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawDataLabelEntryXml(entry, opts) {
+    // ECMA-376 `CT_DLbl` (§21.2.2.47) is a `choice(delete | …)` — the
+    // two branches are mutually exclusive. Emitting `delete` alongside
+    // any of the display-flag children (layout / tx / numFmt /
+    // dLblPos / show* / separator) violates the schema; Excel's
+    // tolerance varies by build (some strip the label wholesale).
+    const parts = ["<c:dLbl>", `<c:idx val="${entry.index ?? 0}"/>`];
+    if (entry.delete) {
+        parts.push(`<c:delete val="1"/>`);
+        if (entry.extLst) {
+            parts.push(entry.extLst);
+        }
+        parts.push("</c:dLbl>");
+        return parts.join("");
+    }
+    if (entry.layout) {
+        parts.push(buildRawLayoutXml(entry.layout));
+    }
+    if (entry.rawTx) {
+        parts.push(entry.rawTx);
+    }
+    else if (entry.text?.paragraphs?.[0]?.runs?.[0]?.text !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:tx><c:rich><a:bodyPr/><a:lstStyle/><a:p><a:r><a:t>${escapeXml(String(entry.text.paragraphs[0].runs[0].text))}</a:t></a:r></a:p></c:rich></c:tx>`);
+    }
+    if (entry.numFmt?.formatCode) {
+        parts.push(`<c:numFmt formatCode="${escapeAttr(entry.numFmt.formatCode)}" sourceLinked="${entry.numFmt.sourceLinked ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (entry.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(entry.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (entry.txPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawTextPropertiesXml(entry.txPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (entry.position !== undefined && !opts?.suppressDLblPos) {
+        parts.push(`<c:dLblPos val="${escapeAttr(String(entry.position))}"/>`);
+    }
+    for (const [name, value] of [
+        ["showLegendKey", entry.showLegendKey],
+        ["showVal", entry.showVal],
+        ["showCatName", entry.showCatName],
+        ["showSerName", entry.showSerName],
+        ["showPercent", entry.showPercent],
+        ["showBubbleSize", entry.showBubbleSize]
+    ]) {
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            parts.push(`<c:${name} val="${value ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+        }
+    }
+    if (entry.separator !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:separator>${escapeXml(String(entry.separator))}</c:separator>`);
+    }
+    if (entry.extLst) {
+        parts.push(entry.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:dLbl>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function patchRawAxes(raw, model, patchPlan) {
+    let patched = raw;
+    for (const [index, axis] of (model.chart?.plotArea?.axes ?? []).entries()) {
+        const axisPlan = getRawPatchListItem(patchPlan, index);
+        if (!axisPlan) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const tag = axis.axisType === "cat"
+            ? "c:catAx"
+            : axis.axisType === "val"
+                ? "c:valAx"
+                : axis.axisType === "date"
+                    ? "c:dateAx"
+                    : "c:serAx";
+        const block = findAxisBlock(patched, tag, axis.axId);
+        if (!block) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const axisXml = patchRawAxisBlock(block.xml, axis, axisPlan);
+        if (!axisXml) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        patched = patched.slice(0, block.start) + axisXml + patched.slice(block.end);
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function patchRawAxisBlock(block, axis, patchPlan) {
+    let patched = block;
+    const axisTag = axisTagName(axis);
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "scaling")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "c:scaling", buildRawScalingXml(axis.scaling), ["c:delete", "c:axPos"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "delete")) {
+        patched = patchBooleanLeaf(patched, "c:delete", axis.delete, ["c:axPos"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "title")) {
+        if (axis.title) {
+            const titleText = axis.title.text?.paragraphs?.[0]?.runs?.[0]?.text;
+            if (titleText !== undefined) {
+                patched = replaceOrInsertBefore(patched, "c:title", buildRawChartTitleXml(titleText), [
+                    "c:numFmt",
+                    "c:majorGridlines",
+                    "c:minorGridlines",
+                    "c:majorUnit",
+                    "c:minorUnit",
+                    "c:majorTickMark",
+                    "c:minorTickMark",
+                    "c:tickLblPos"
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            patched = patched.replace(/<c:title>[\s\S]*?<\/c:title>/, "");
+        }
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "numFmt")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "c:numFmt", buildRawNumFmtXml(axis.numFmt), [
+            "c:majorGridlines",
+            "c:minorGridlines",
+            "c:majorUnit",
+            "c:minorUnit",
+            "c:majorTickMark",
+            "c:minorTickMark",
+            "c:tickLblPos",
+            "c:spPr",
+            "c:txPr",
+            "c:crossAx"
+        ], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "majorGridlines")) {
+        patched = patchGridlines(patched, "c:majorGridlines", axis.majorGridlines, [
+            "c:minorGridlines",
+            "c:title",
+            "c:numFmt",
+            "c:majorUnit",
+            "c:minorUnit",
+            "c:majorTickMark",
+            "c:minorTickMark",
+            "c:tickLblPos",
+            "c:spPr",
+            "c:txPr",
+            "c:crossAx"
+        ], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "minorGridlines")) {
+        patched = patchGridlines(patched, "c:minorGridlines", axis.minorGridlines, [
+            "c:title",
+            "c:numFmt",
+            "c:majorUnit",
+            "c:minorUnit",
+            "c:majorTickMark",
+            "c:minorTickMark",
+            "c:tickLblPos",
+            "c:spPr",
+            "c:txPr",
+            "c:crossAx"
+        ], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "majorTickMark")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:majorTickMark", axis.majorTickMark, ["c:minorTickMark", "c:tickLblPos", "c:spPr", "c:txPr", "c:crossAx"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "minorTickMark")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:minorTickMark", axis.minorTickMark, ["c:tickLblPos", "c:spPr", "c:txPr", "c:crossAx"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "tickLblPos")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:tickLblPos", axis.tickLblPos, ["c:spPr", "c:txPr", "c:crossAx"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "spPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "c:spPr", buildRawShapePropertiesXml(axis.spPr, "c"), ["c:txPr", "c:crossAx"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "txPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "c:txPr", buildRawTextPropertiesXml(axis.txPr, "c"), ["c:crossAx"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "crosses")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:crosses", axis.crosses, [
+            "c:crossesAt",
+            "c:auto",
+            "c:lblAlgn",
+            "c:lblOffset",
+            "c:tickLblSkip",
+            "c:tickMarkSkip",
+            "c:noMultiLvlLbl",
+            "c:crossBetween",
+            "c:majorUnit",
+            "c:minorUnit",
+            "c:baseTimeUnit",
+            "c:majorTimeUnit",
+            "c:minorTimeUnit",
+            "c:dispUnits",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "crossesAt")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:crossesAt", axis.crossesAt, [
+            "c:auto",
+            "c:lblAlgn",
+            "c:lblOffset",
+            "c:tickLblSkip",
+            "c:tickMarkSkip",
+            "c:noMultiLvlLbl",
+            "c:crossBetween",
+            "c:majorUnit",
+            "c:minorUnit",
+            "c:baseTimeUnit",
+            "c:majorTimeUnit",
+            "c:minorTimeUnit",
+            "c:dispUnits",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], axisTag);
+    }
+    patched = patchAxisTypeSpecificLeaves(patched, axis, patchPlan);
+    return patched;
+}
+function axisTagName(axis) {
+    return axis.axisType === "cat"
+        ? "c:catAx"
+        : axis.axisType === "val"
+            ? "c:valAx"
+            : axis.axisType === "date"
+                ? "c:dateAx"
+                : "c:serAx";
+}
+function patchAxisTypeSpecificLeaves(block, axis, patchPlan) {
+    const axisTag = axisTagName(axis);
+    let patched = block;
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "auto")) {
+        patched = patchBooleanLeaf(patched, "c:auto", axis.auto, [
+            "c:lblAlgn",
+            "c:lblOffset",
+            "c:tickLblSkip",
+            "c:tickMarkSkip",
+            "c:noMultiLvlLbl",
+            "c:extLst"
+        ], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "lblAlgn")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:lblAlgn", axis.lblAlgn, ["c:lblOffset", "c:tickLblSkip", "c:tickMarkSkip", "c:noMultiLvlLbl", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "lblOffset")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:lblOffset", axis.lblOffset, ["c:tickLblSkip", "c:tickMarkSkip", "c:noMultiLvlLbl", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "tickLblSkip")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:tickLblSkip", axis.tickLblSkip, ["c:tickMarkSkip", "c:noMultiLvlLbl", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "tickMarkSkip")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:tickMarkSkip", axis.tickMarkSkip, ["c:noMultiLvlLbl", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "noMultiLvlLbl")) {
+        patched = patchBooleanLeaf(patched, "c:noMultiLvlLbl", axis.noMultiLvlLbl, ["c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "crossBetween")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:crossBetween", axis.crossBetween, ["c:majorUnit", "c:minorUnit", "c:dispUnits", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "majorUnit")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:majorUnit", axis.majorUnit, ["c:minorUnit", "c:dispUnits", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "minorUnit")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:minorUnit", axis.minorUnit, ["c:dispUnits", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "baseTimeUnit")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:baseTimeUnit", axis.baseTimeUnit, ["c:majorUnit", "c:majorTimeUnit", "c:minorUnit", "c:minorTimeUnit", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "majorTimeUnit")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:majorTimeUnit", axis.majorTimeUnit, ["c:minorUnit", "c:minorTimeUnit", "c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "minorTimeUnit")) {
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "c:minorTimeUnit", axis.minorTimeUnit, ["c:extLst"], axisTag);
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function buildRawScalingXml(scaling) {
+    if (!scaling) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const parts = ["<c:scaling>"];
+    // ECMA-376 `CT_Scaling` sequence is `logBase?, orientation?,
+    // max?, min?, extLst?`. Emitting children in any other order
+    // triggers a "Repaired Records" dialog when Excel opens the
+    // file and causes LibreOffice strict-mode to reject it outright.
+    if (scaling.logBase !== undefined && Number.isFinite(scaling.logBase) && scaling.logBase > 0) {
+        // `CT_LogBase` requires the value be `>= 2` per ECMA-376
+        // §21.2.3.21; `> 0` is the looser guard we use at parse time.
+        // Leave range clamping to the builder.
+        parts.push(`<c:logBase val="${scaling.logBase}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (scaling.orientation !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:orientation val="${escapeAttr(scaling.orientation)}"/>`);
+    }
+    // Numeric scaling attributes MUST be finite on the wire; the OOXML
+    // grammar requires `xsd:double` / `xsd:unsignedInt`, and writing
+    // `val="NaN"` or `val="Infinity"` produces a file Excel refuses to
+    // open. `String(NaN) === "NaN"`, so the prior direct interpolation
+    // silently passed garbage through. Guard each slot and skip
+    // non-finite values — the schema treats absence as "auto", which
+    // is closer to the author's intent than an invalid literal.
+    if (scaling.max !== undefined && Number.isFinite(scaling.max)) {
+        parts.push(`<c:max val="${scaling.max}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (scaling.min !== undefined && Number.isFinite(scaling.min)) {
+        parts.push(`<c:min val="${scaling.min}"/>`);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:scaling>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawNumFmtXml(numFmt) {
+    if (!numFmt?.formatCode) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const sourceLinked = numFmt.sourceLinked === undefined ? "1" : numFmt.sourceLinked ? "1" : "0";
+    return `<c:numFmt formatCode="${escapeAttr(numFmt.formatCode)}" sourceLinked="${sourceLinked}"/>`;
+}
+function patchGridlines(block, tag, spPr, beforeTags, parentTag) {
+    const xml = spPr ? `<${tag}>${buildRawShapePropertiesXml(spPr, "c") ?? ""}</${tag}>` : "";
+    return patchGenericChild(block, tag, xml, beforeTags, parentTag);
+}
+function patchValueLeaf(block, tag, value, beforeTags, parentTag) {
+    const xml = value === undefined ? "" : `<${tag} val="${escapeAttr(String(value))}"/>`;
+    return patchGenericChild(block, tag, xml, beforeTags, parentTag);
+}
+function patchBooleanLeaf(block, tag, value, beforeTags, parentTag) {
+    const xml = value === undefined ? "" : `<${tag} val="${value ? "1" : "0"}"/>`;
+    return patchGenericChild(block, tag, xml, beforeTags, parentTag);
+}
+function buildRawSeriesTxXml(tx) {
+    if (tx.strRef?.formula) {
+        return `<c:tx>${buildRawStrRefXml(tx.strRef)}</c:tx>`;
+    }
+    return `<c:tx><c:v>${escapeXml(String(tx.value ?? ""))}</c:v></c:tx>`;
+}
+function buildRawMarkerXml(marker) {
+    if (!marker) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const parts = ["<c:marker>"];
+    if (marker.symbol) {
+        parts.push(`<c:symbol val="${escapeAttr(String(marker.symbol))}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (marker.size !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:size val="${marker.size}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (marker.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(marker.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (marker.extLst) {
+        parts.push(marker.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:marker>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawDataPointsXml(dataPoints) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(dataPoints) || dataPoints.length === 0) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    return dataPoints.map(buildRawDataPointXml).join("");
+}
+function buildRawDataPointXml(point) {
+    const parts = ["<c:dPt>", `<c:idx val="${point.index ?? 0}"/>`];
+    if (point.invertIfNegative !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:invertIfNegative val="${point.invertIfNegative ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (point.marker) {
+        parts.push(buildRawMarkerXml(point.marker));
+    }
+    if (point.bubble3D !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:bubble3D val="${point.bubble3D ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (point.explosion !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:explosion val="${point.explosion}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (point.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(point.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (point.extLst) {
+        parts.push(point.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:dPt>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawTrendlinesXml(trendlines) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(trendlines) || trendlines.length === 0) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    return trendlines.map(buildRawTrendlineXml).join("");
+}
+function buildRawTrendlineXml(trendline) {
+    const parts = ["<c:trendline>"];
+    if (trendline.name) {
+        parts.push(`<c:name>${escapeXml(String(trendline.name))}</c:name>`);
+    }
+    if (trendline.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(trendline.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    parts.push(`<c:trendlineType val="${escapeAttr(String(trendline.type ?? "linear"))}"/>`);
+    for (const tag of ["order", "period", "forward", "backward", "intercept"]) {
+        if (trendline[tag] !== undefined) {
+            parts.push(`<c:${tag} val="${trendline[tag]}"/>`);
+        }
+    }
+    if (trendline.displayRSqr !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:dispRSqr val="${trendline.displayRSqr ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (trendline.displayEq !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:dispEq val="${trendline.displayEq ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (trendline.trendlineLbl) {
+        parts.push(buildRawTrendlineLabelXml(trendline.trendlineLbl));
+    }
+    if (trendline.extLst) {
+        parts.push(trendline.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:trendline>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawTrendlineLabelXml(label) {
+    const parts = ["<c:trendlineLbl>"];
+    if (label.layout) {
+        parts.push(buildRawLayoutXml(label.layout));
+    }
+    if (label.rawTx) {
+        parts.push(label.rawTx);
+    }
+    else if (label.text?.paragraphs?.[0]?.runs?.[0]?.text !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:tx><c:rich><a:bodyPr/><a:lstStyle/><a:p><a:r><a:t>${escapeXml(String(label.text.paragraphs[0].runs[0].text))}</a:t></a:r></a:p></c:rich></c:tx>`);
+    }
+    if (label.numFmt?.formatCode) {
+        parts.push(`<c:numFmt formatCode="${escapeAttr(label.numFmt.formatCode)}" sourceLinked="${label.numFmt.sourceLinked ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (label.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(label.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (label.txPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawTextPropertiesXml(label.txPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (label.extLst) {
+        parts.push(label.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:trendlineLbl>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawErrorBarsXml(errorBars) {
+    const bars = Array.isArray(errorBars) ? errorBars : errorBars ? [errorBars] : [];
+    return bars.map(buildRawErrorBarXml).join("");
+}
+function buildRawErrorBarXml(errorBar) {
+    const parts = ["<c:errBars>"];
+    if (errorBar.errDir) {
+        parts.push(`<c:errDir val="${escapeAttr(String(errorBar.errDir))}"/>`);
+    }
+    parts.push(`<c:errBarType val="${escapeAttr(String(errorBar.barDir ?? "both"))}"/>`);
+    parts.push(`<c:errValType val="${escapeAttr(String(errorBar.errValType ?? "fixedVal"))}"/>`);
+    if (errorBar.noEndCap !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:noEndCap val="${errorBar.noEndCap ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (errorBar.val !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:val val="${errorBar.val}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (errorBar.plus) {
+        parts.push(buildRawDataSourceXml("c:plus", errorBar.plus) ?? "");
+    }
+    if (errorBar.minus) {
+        parts.push(buildRawDataSourceXml("c:minus", errorBar.minus) ?? "");
+    }
+    if (errorBar.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(errorBar.spPr, "c") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (errorBar.extLst) {
+        parts.push(errorBar.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:errBars>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawDataSourceXml(tag, source) {
+    if (source.strRef) {
+        return `<${tag}>${buildRawStrRefXml(source.strRef)}</${tag}>`;
+    }
+    if (source.numRef) {
+        return `<${tag}>${buildRawNumRefXml(source.numRef)}</${tag}>`;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+function buildRawNumRefXml(ref) {
+    return `<c:numRef><c:f>${escapeXml(ref.formula)}</c:f>${buildRawNumCacheXml(ref.cache)}</c:numRef>`;
+}
+function buildRawStrRefXml(ref) {
+    return `<c:strRef><c:f>${escapeXml(ref.formula)}</c:f>${buildRawStrCacheXml(ref.cache)}</c:strRef>`;
+}
+function buildRawNumCacheXml(cache) {
+    if (!cache) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const parts = ["<c:numCache>"];
+    if (cache.formatCode) {
+        parts.push(`<c:formatCode>${escapeXml(cache.formatCode)}</c:formatCode>`);
+    }
+    if (cache.pointCount !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:ptCount val="${cache.pointCount}"/>`);
+    }
+    for (const point of cache.points ?? []) {
+        if (point.value !== null && point.value !== undefined) {
+            parts.push(`<c:pt idx="${point.index}"><c:v>${escapeXml(String(point.value))}</c:v></c:pt>`);
+        }
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:numCache>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawStrCacheXml(cache) {
+    if (!cache) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const parts = ["<c:strCache>"];
+    if (cache.pointCount !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<c:ptCount val="${cache.pointCount}"/>`);
+    }
+    for (const point of cache.points ?? []) {
+        parts.push(`<c:pt idx="${point.index}"><c:v>${escapeXml(String(point.value))}</c:v></c:pt>`);
+    }
+    parts.push("</c:strCache>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawShapePropertiesXml(spPr, namespace) {
+    if (!spPr) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (spPr._rawXml) {
+        return normalizeRawNamespace(spPr._rawXml, "spPr", namespace);
+    }
+    const writer = new XmlWriter();
+    const chartNamespace = namespace;
+    writer.openNode(`${chartNamespace}:spPr`);
+    if (spPr.fill?.noFill) {
+        writer.leafNode("a:noFill");
+    }
+    else if (spPr.fill?.solid) {
+        writer.openNode("a:solidFill");
+        writeRawColor(writer, spPr.fill.solid);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    else if (spPr.fill?.gradient) {
+        writeRawGradientFill(writer, spPr.fill.gradient);
+    }
+    else if (spPr.fill?.pattern) {
+        const pattern = spPr.fill.pattern;
+        writer.openNode("a:pattFill", { prst: pattern.preset });
+        if (pattern.foreground) {
+            writer.openNode("a:fgClr");
+            writeRawColor(writer, pattern.foreground);
+            writer.closeNode();
+        }
+        if (pattern.background) {
+            writer.openNode("a:bgClr");
+            writeRawColor(writer, pattern.background);
+            writer.closeNode();
+        }
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    if (spPr.line) {
+        const attrs = {};
+        if (spPr.line.width) {
+            attrs.w = String(spPr.line.width);
+        }
+        if (spPr.line.cap) {
+            attrs.cap = spPr.line.cap;
+        }
+        if (spPr.line.compound) {
+            attrs.cmpd = spPr.line.compound;
+        }
+        writer.openNode("a:ln", attrs);
+        if (spPr.line.noFill) {
+            writer.leafNode("a:noFill");
+        }
+        else if (spPr.line.color) {
+            writer.openNode("a:solidFill");
+            writeRawColor(writer, spPr.line.color);
+            writer.closeNode();
+        }
+        if (spPr.line.dash) {
+            writer.leafNode("a:prstDash", { val: spPr.line.dash });
+        }
+        if (spPr.line.join === "round") {
+            writer.leafNode("a:round");
+        }
+        else if (spPr.line.join === "bevel") {
+            writer.leafNode("a:bevel");
+        }
+        else if (spPr.line.join === "miter") {
+            writer.leafNode("a:miter");
+        }
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    if (spPr.effectList) {
+        writeRawEffectList(writer, spPr.effectList);
+    }
+    if (spPr.scene3d) {
+        writeRawScene3D(writer, spPr.scene3d);
+    }
+    if (spPr.sp3d) {
+        writeRawSp3D(writer, spPr.sp3d);
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+    return writer.toString();
+}
+function buildRawTextPropertiesXml(txPr, namespace) {
+    if (!txPr) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (typeof txPr === "string") {
+        return normalizeRawNamespace(txPr, "txPr", namespace);
+    }
+    if (txPr._rawXml) {
+        return normalizeRawNamespace(txPr._rawXml, "txPr", namespace);
+    }
+    const writer = new XmlWriter();
+    writer.openNode(`${namespace}:txPr`);
+    writer.leafNode("a:bodyPr", txPr.rotation !== undefined ? { rot: String(txPr.rotation) } : undefined);
+    writer.leafNode("a:lstStyle");
+    writer.openNode("a:p");
+    writer.openNode("a:pPr");
+    writeRawRunProperties(writer, txPr, "a:defRPr");
+    writer.closeNode();
+    writer.leafNode("a:endParaRPr");
+    writer.closeNode();
+    writer.closeNode();
+    return writer.toString();
+}
+function normalizeRawNamespace(rawXml, localName, namespace) {
+    return rawXml
+        .replace(new RegExp(`^<(?:c|cx):${localName}`), `<${namespace}:${localName}`)
+        .replace(new RegExp(`</(?:c|cx):${localName}>$`), `</${namespace}:${localName}>`);
+}
+function writeRawRunProperties(writer, props, tag) {
+    const attrs = {};
+    if (props.size !== undefined) {
+        attrs.sz = String(props.size);
+    }
+    if (props.bold !== undefined) {
+        attrs.b = props.bold ? "1" : "0";
+    }
+    if (props.italic !== undefined) {
+        attrs.i = props.italic ? "1" : "0";
+    }
+    if (props.underline !== undefined) {
+        attrs.u =
+            typeof props.underline === "boolean" ? (props.underline ? "sng" : "none") : props.underline;
+    }
+    if (props.strike) {
+        attrs.strike = props.strike;
+    }
+    if (props.rotation !== undefined) {
+        attrs.rot = String(props.rotation);
+    }
+    if (props.baseline !== undefined) {
+        attrs.baseline = String(props.baseline);
+    }
+    if (props.kern !== undefined) {
+        attrs.kern = String(props.kern);
+    }
+    if (props.spacing !== undefined) {
+        attrs.spc = String(props.spacing);
+    }
+    if (props.cap) {
+        attrs.cap = props.cap;
+    }
+    if (props.lang) {
+        attrs.lang = props.lang;
+    }
+    const hasChildren = !!(props.color ||
+        props.fontFamily ||
+        props.eastAsianFamily ||
+        props.complexScriptFamily);
+    if (!hasChildren) {
+        writer.leafNode(tag, attrs);
+        return;
+    }
+    writer.openNode(tag, attrs);
+    if (props.color) {
+        writer.openNode("a:solidFill");
+        writeRawColor(writer, props.color);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    if (props.fontFamily) {
+        writer.leafNode("a:latin", { typeface: props.fontFamily });
+    }
+    if (props.eastAsianFamily) {
+        writer.leafNode("a:ea", { typeface: props.eastAsianFamily });
+    }
+    if (props.complexScriptFamily) {
+        writer.leafNode("a:cs", { typeface: props.complexScriptFamily });
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+}
+function writeRawColor(writer, color) {
+    const modifiers = buildRawColorModifiersXml(color);
+    const writeColorNode = (tag, val) => {
+        if (!modifiers) {
+            writer.leafNode(tag, { val });
+            return;
+        }
+        writer.openNode(tag, { val });
+        writer.writeRaw(modifiers);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    };
+    if (color.srgb) {
+        writeColorNode("a:srgbClr", color.srgb);
+    }
+    else if (color.theme !== undefined) {
+        const themeNames = [
+            "dk1",
+            "lt1",
+            "dk2",
+            "lt2",
+            "accent1",
+            "accent2",
+            "accent3",
+            "accent4",
+            "accent5",
+            "accent6",
+            "hlink",
+            "folHlink"
+        ];
+        writeColorNode("a:schemeClr", themeNames[color.theme] ?? "dk1");
+    }
+    else if (color.schemeName) {
+        // Unknown scheme colour tokens (e.g. `phClr`, vendor extensions)
+        // round-trip as `<a:schemeClr>` — keeping the element identity
+        // intact. Previously these fell through to `<a:sysClr>` via the
+        // parser, silently changing the DrawingML colour kind.
+        writeColorNode("a:schemeClr", color.schemeName);
+    }
+    else if (color.sysClr) {
+        writeColorNode("a:sysClr", color.sysClr);
+    }
+    else if (color.prstClr) {
+        writeColorNode("a:prstClr", color.prstClr);
+    }
+}
+function writeRawGradientFill(writer, gradient) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(gradient.stops) || gradient.stops.length < 2) {
+        return;
+    }
+    writer.openNode("a:gradFill");
+    writer.openNode("a:gsLst");
+    for (const stop of gradient.stops) {
+        // OOXML `<a:gs pos>` is hundredths of a percent (0–100000). See
+        // the matching fixes in `chart-space-xform.ts` and
+        // `chart-ex-renderer.ts`; the previous `×1000` multiplier was
+        // 100× too small and produced gradients in Excel at wildly
+        // wrong positions.
+        const encoded = Math.max(0, Math.min(100000, Math.round(stop.position * 100000)));
+        writer.openNode("a:gs", { pos: String(encoded) });
+        writeRawColor(writer, stop.color);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+    if (gradient.type === "circle" || gradient.type === "rect" || gradient.type === "shape") {
+        // Preserve parsed `fillToRect` focal rectangle when present;
+        // default to Excel's centred form (all components at 50%).
+        // `CT_FillToRectangle` sides are `ST_Percentage`, which permits
+        // negative values (focal point outside the shape). Don't clamp
+        // to `[0, 100000]` — negative focal points were being lost on
+        // round-trip before this fix.
+        const rect = gradient.fillToRect;
+        const pct = (v, def) => {
+            if (v === undefined) {
+                return def;
+            }
+            return Math.round(v * 100000);
+        };
+        writer.openNode("a:path", { path: gradient.type });
+        writer.leafNode("a:fillToRect", {
+            l: String(pct(rect?.left, 50000)),
+            t: String(pct(rect?.top, 50000)),
+            r: String(pct(rect?.right, 50000)),
+            b: String(pct(rect?.bottom, 50000))
+        });
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    else {
+        // Emit `scaled` only when the author explicitly set it; mirrors
+        // the structured ChartEx renderer (chart-ex-renderer.ts line
+        // 4782) so both paths produce the same bytes. Previously this
+        // raw writer unconditionally stamped `scaled="1"`, which
+        // overwrote a parsed `scaled="0"` on round-trip — a visible
+        // drift for gradients with the shape-independent orientation
+        // mode. The OOXML default is `false` per `CT_LinearShadeProperties`,
+        // so omitting it when absent is lossless.
+        const linAttrs = {
+            ang: String(Math.round((gradient.angle ?? 0) * 60000))
+        };
+        if (gradient.scaled !== undefined) {
+            linAttrs.scaled = gradient.scaled ? "1" : "0";
+        }
+        writer.leafNode("a:lin", linAttrs);
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+}
+function writeRawEffectList(writer, effects) {
+    writer.openNode("a:effectLst");
+    if (effects.blur) {
+        const attrs = {};
+        if (effects.blur.radius !== undefined) {
+            attrs.rad = String(effects.blur.radius);
+        }
+        if (effects.blur.grow !== undefined) {
+            attrs.grow = effects.blur.grow ? "1" : "0";
+        }
+        writer.leafNode("a:blur", attrs);
+    }
+    if (effects.outerShadow) {
+        writeRawShadow(writer, "a:outerShdw", effects.outerShadow);
+    }
+    if (effects.innerShadow) {
+        writeRawShadow(writer, "a:innerShdw", effects.innerShadow);
+    }
+    if (effects.presetShadow) {
+        const ps = effects.presetShadow;
+        const attrs = { prst: ps.preset };
+        if (ps.distance !== undefined) {
+            attrs.dist = String(ps.distance);
+        }
+        if (ps.direction !== undefined) {
+            attrs.dir = String(ps.direction);
+        }
+        writer.openNode("a:prstShdw", attrs);
+        if (ps.color) {
+            writeRawColor(writer, ps.color);
+        }
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    if (effects.glow) {
+        writer.openNode("a:glow", { rad: String(effects.glow.radius) });
+        writeRawColor(writer, effects.glow.color);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    if (effects.softEdge) {
+        writer.leafNode("a:softEdge", { rad: String(effects.softEdge.radius) });
+    }
+    if (effects.reflection) {
+        const reflection = effects.reflection;
+        const attrs = {};
+        for (const [key, value] of [
+            ["blurRad", reflection.blurRadius],
+            ["stA", reflection.startOpacity],
+            ["stPos", reflection.startPosition],
+            ["endA", reflection.endOpacity],
+            ["endPos", reflection.endPosition],
+            ["dist", reflection.distance],
+            ["dir", reflection.direction],
+            ["fadeDir", reflection.fadeDirection],
+            ["sx", reflection.scaleHorizontal],
+            ["sy", reflection.scaleVertical],
+            ["kx", reflection.skewHorizontal],
+            ["ky", reflection.skewVertical],
+            ["algn", reflection.alignment],
+            ["rotWithShape", reflection.rotateWithShape]
+        ]) {
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+                attrs[key] = typeof value === "boolean" ? (value ? "1" : "0") : String(value);
+            }
+        }
+        writer.leafNode("a:reflection", attrs);
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+}
+function writeRawShadow(writer, tag, shadow) {
+    const attrs = {};
+    for (const [key, value] of [
+        ["blurRad", shadow.blurRadius],
+        ["dist", shadow.distance],
+        ["dir", shadow.direction],
+        ["algn", shadow.alignment],
+        ["rotWithShape", shadow.rotateWithShape],
+        ["sx", shadow.scaleHorizontal],
+        ["sy", shadow.scaleVertical],
+        ["kx", shadow.skewHorizontal],
+        ["ky", shadow.skewVertical]
+    ]) {
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            attrs[key] = typeof value === "boolean" ? (value ? "1" : "0") : String(value);
+        }
+    }
+    writer.openNode(tag, attrs);
+    writeRawColor(writer, shadow.color);
+    writer.closeNode();
+}
+function writeRawScene3D(writer, scene) {
+    writer.openNode("a:scene3d");
+    if (scene.camera) {
+        const camera = scene.camera;
+        const attrs = { prst: camera.preset };
+        if (camera.fov !== undefined) {
+            attrs.fov = String(camera.fov);
+        }
+        if (camera.zoom !== undefined) {
+            attrs.zoom = String(camera.zoom);
+        }
+        if (camera.rotation) {
+            writer.openNode("a:camera", attrs);
+            writer.leafNode("a:rot", {
+                lat: String(camera.rotation.lat),
+                lon: String(camera.rotation.lon),
+                rev: String(camera.rotation.rev)
+            });
+            writer.closeNode();
+        }
+        else {
+            writer.leafNode("a:camera", attrs);
+        }
+    }
+    if (scene.lightRig) {
+        const lightRig = scene.lightRig;
+        const attrs = { rig: lightRig.rig, dir: lightRig.direction };
+        if (lightRig.rotation) {
+            writer.openNode("a:lightRig", attrs);
+            writer.leafNode("a:rot", {
+                lat: String(lightRig.rotation.lat),
+                lon: String(lightRig.rotation.lon),
+                rev: String(lightRig.rotation.rev)
+            });
+            writer.closeNode();
+        }
+        else {
+            writer.leafNode("a:lightRig", attrs);
+        }
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+}
+function writeRawSp3D(writer, sp3d) {
+    const attrs = {};
+    if (sp3d.z !== undefined) {
+        attrs.z = String(sp3d.z);
+    }
+    if (sp3d.extrusionHeight !== undefined) {
+        attrs.extrusionH = String(sp3d.extrusionHeight);
+    }
+    if (sp3d.contourWidth !== undefined) {
+        attrs.contourW = String(sp3d.contourWidth);
+    }
+    if (sp3d.material) {
+        attrs.prstMaterial = sp3d.material;
+    }
+    const hasChildren = !!(sp3d.bevelTop ||
+        sp3d.bevelBottom ||
+        sp3d.extrusionColor ||
+        sp3d.contourColor);
+    if (!hasChildren) {
+        writer.leafNode("a:sp3d", attrs);
+        return;
+    }
+    writer.openNode("a:sp3d", attrs);
+    if (sp3d.bevelTop) {
+        writeRawBevel(writer, "a:bevelT", sp3d.bevelTop);
+    }
+    if (sp3d.bevelBottom) {
+        writeRawBevel(writer, "a:bevelB", sp3d.bevelBottom);
+    }
+    if (sp3d.extrusionColor) {
+        writer.openNode("a:extrusionClr");
+        writeRawColor(writer, sp3d.extrusionColor);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    if (sp3d.contourColor) {
+        writer.openNode("a:contourClr");
+        writeRawColor(writer, sp3d.contourColor);
+        writer.closeNode();
+    }
+    writer.closeNode();
+}
+function writeRawBevel(writer, tag, bevel) {
+    const attrs = {};
+    if (bevel.width !== undefined) {
+        attrs.w = String(bevel.width);
+    }
+    if (bevel.height !== undefined) {
+        attrs.h = String(bevel.height);
+    }
+    if (bevel.preset) {
+        attrs.prst = bevel.preset;
+    }
+    writer.leafNode(tag, attrs);
+}
+function buildRawColorModifiersXml(color) {
+    // Each modifier must serialise as `<a:* val="N"/>` where `N` is a
+    // valid `xsd:int`. Previously the raw patcher interpolated model
+    // values directly, so `NaN` / `Infinity` / unrounded floats leaked
+    // into the attribute and Excel's strict reader rejected the file
+    // with "invalid attribute value for xs:int". The structured renderer
+    // (`renderColorModifiers` in chart-ex-renderer.ts) guards with
+    // `Number.isFinite` + `Math.round` — mirror that here so both write
+    // paths produce identical bytes, then share the helper.
+    const parts = [];
+    const emitInt = (tag, value) => {
+        if (value === undefined || !Number.isFinite(value)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        parts.push(`<a:${tag} val="${Math.round(value)}"/>`);
+    };
+    emitInt("alpha", color.alpha);
+    // `tint` on the public `ChartColor` is a 0..1 fraction; convert to
+    // the DrawingML 0..100000 per-thousand integer here. DrawingML also
+    // permits NEGATIVE tint (shade toward black) per
+    // `CT_PositiveFixedPercentage` — the structured path preserves the
+    // sign, so we do too.
+    if (color.tint !== undefined && Number.isFinite(color.tint)) {
+        parts.push(`<a:tint val="${Math.round(color.tint * 100000)}"/>`);
+    }
+    emitInt("shade", color.shade);
+    emitInt("satMod", color.satMod);
+    emitInt("lumMod", color.lumMod);
+    emitInt("lumOff", color.lumOff);
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function patchRawChartExSeries(raw, chart, patchPlan) {
+    const seriesModels = extractChartExSeries({ chartSpace: { chart } });
+    let index = 0;
+    return replaceXmlBlocks(raw, "cx:series", block => {
+        const series = seriesModels[index++];
+        const seriesPlan = getRawPatchListItem(patchPlan.series, index - 1);
+        return series && seriesPlan ? patchRawChartExSeriesBlock(block, series, seriesPlan) : block;
+    });
+}
+function patchRawChartExSeriesBlock(block, series, patchPlan) {
+    // Child sequence per Chart2014 `CT_Series`:
+    //
+    //   tx? → spPr? → txPr? → valueColors? → valueColorPositions? →
+    //   dataPt* → dataLabels? → dataId* → layoutPr? → axisId* → extLst?
+    //
+    // The sibling arrays below describe the elements that must come
+    // AFTER the element being inserted so `replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric`
+    // can splice into the right position. Previous versions used
+    // sibling lists that put `dataId` before `dataLabels` / `dataPt` —
+    // reversing the schema order and producing files strict validators
+    // reject. Use the real schema order so raw-patch output matches
+    // what `renderSeries` produces for the same model.
+    const afterTx = [
+        "cx:spPr",
+        "cx:txPr",
+        "cx:valueColors",
+        "cx:valueColorPositions",
+        "cx:dataPt",
+        "cx:dataLabels",
+        "cx:dataId",
+        "cx:layoutPr",
+        "cx:axisId",
+        "cx:extLst"
+    ];
+    const afterSpPr = [
+        "cx:txPr",
+        "cx:valueColors",
+        "cx:valueColorPositions",
+        "cx:dataPt",
+        "cx:dataLabels",
+        "cx:dataId",
+        "cx:layoutPr",
+        "cx:axisId",
+        "cx:extLst"
+    ];
+    const afterDataPt = ["cx:dataLabels", "cx:dataId", "cx:layoutPr", "cx:axisId", "cx:extLst"];
+    const afterDataLabels = ["cx:dataId", "cx:layoutPr", "cx:axisId", "cx:extLst"];
+    const afterDataId = ["cx:layoutPr", "cx:axisId", "cx:extLst"];
+    const afterLayoutPr = ["cx:axisId", "cx:extLst"];
+    const afterAxisId = ["cx:extLst"];
+    let patched = block;
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "hidden")) {
+        patched = patchOpeningTagBooleanAttribute(patched, "cx:series", "hidden", series.hidden);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "ownerIdx")) {
+        patched = patchOpeningTagIntegerAttribute(patched, "cx:series", "ownerIdx", series.ownerIdx);
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "tx")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:tx", buildRawChartExSeriesTxXml(series.tx), afterTx, "cx:series");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "spPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:spPr", buildRawShapePropertiesXml(series.spPr, "cx"), afterSpPr, "cx:series");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "dataPoints")) {
+        const dataPointXml = (series.dataPt ?? [])
+            .map((point) => {
+            const spPrXml = buildRawShapePropertiesXml(point.spPr, "cx") ?? "";
+            return `<cx:dataPt idx="${point.idx}">${spPrXml}</cx:dataPt>`;
+        })
+            .join("");
+        patched = patchRepeatingChildren(patched, "cx:dataPt", dataPointXml, afterDataPt, "cx:series");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "dataLabels")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:dataLabels", buildRawChartExDataLabelsXml(series.dataLabels), afterDataLabels, "cx:series");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "dataRefs")) {
+        const dataRefsXml = (series.dataRefs ?? [])
+            .map((ref) => ref.dataId !== undefined
+            ? `<cx:dataId val="${ref.dataId}"/>`
+            : ref.axisId !== undefined
+                ? `<cx:axisId val="${ref.axisId}"/>`
+                : "")
+            .join("");
+        patched = patchRepeatingChildren(patched, "cx:dataId", dataRefsXml, afterDataId, "cx:series");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "layoutPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:layoutPr", buildRawChartExLayoutPropertiesXml(series.layoutId, series.layoutPr), afterLayoutPr, "cx:series");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "axisId")) {
+        const axisIdsXml = (series.axisId ?? [])
+            .map((id) => `<cx:axisId val="${id}"/>`)
+            .join("");
+        patched = patchRepeatingChildren(patched, "cx:axisId", axisIdsXml, afterAxisId, "cx:series");
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function buildRawChartExSeriesTxXml(tx) {
+    if (!tx) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (tx.rich) {
+        // Round-trip parity with the structured writer — ChartEx series
+        // names authored as rich text (per-run formatting, bold / colour
+        // / font-family overrides) used to be silently dropped by the raw
+        // patcher: only `tx.value` and `tx.strRef` were handled, so a
+        // mutation that preserved `tx.rich` on the model would re-emit
+        // `<cx:tx/>` without a `<cx:rich>` child, collapsing the label to
+        // an unstyled placeholder. Emit a minimal `<cx:tx><cx:rich>…`
+        // subtree carrying the paragraph / run structure. The rPr helper
+        // is a pragmatic subset (size / bold / italic / color) — features
+        // beyond that flight through the structured path, which is the
+        // default when `preferRawPatch` isn't opt-in.
+        return `<cx:tx>${buildRawChartExRichTextXml(tx.rich)}</cx:tx>`;
+    }
+    if (tx.value !== undefined) {
+        return `<cx:tx><cx:txData><cx:v>${escapeXml(String(tx.value))}</cx:v></cx:txData></cx:tx>`;
+    }
+    if (tx.strRef !== undefined) {
+        // `tx.strRef` is declared as `string | { formula: string; cached?: string }`
+        // on `ChartExSeries.tx`. The previous writer coerced via
+        // `String(tx.strRef)`, which produced the literal `"[object Object]"`
+        // for the structured form — silently corrupting the formula on every
+        // series that carried a `{ formula, cached }` pair through the raw
+        // patch path.
+        let formula;
+        let cached;
+        if (typeof tx.strRef === "string") {
+            formula = tx.strRef;
+        }
+        else if (tx.strRef &&
+            typeof tx.strRef === "object" &&
+            typeof tx.strRef.formula === "string") {
+            formula = tx.strRef.formula;
+            cached = typeof tx.strRef.cached === "string" ? tx.strRef.cached : undefined;
+        }
+        else {
+            // Degenerate shape (unknown form) — drop the element rather than
+            // emit `<cx:f>[object Object]</cx:f>` and corrupt the formula.
+            return "";
+        }
+        const cachedEl = cached !== undefined ? `<cx:v>${escapeXml(cached)}</cx:v>` : "";
+        return `<cx:tx><cx:txData><cx:f>${escapeXml(formula)}</cx:f>${cachedEl}</cx:txData></cx:tx>`;
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+/**
+ * Minimal `<cx:rich>` emitter used by the ChartEx raw patcher when a
+ * series `tx` carries a `rich` paragraph tree. Mirrors the structured
+ * renderer's output shape (`renderRichText` in `chart-ex-renderer`)
+ * for the attributes the raw patch path needs — size / bold / italic
+ * and the text colour — so round-trip parity is preserved for the
+ * common "bold label" case. Features outside this subset (mixed font
+ * families, east-Asian runs, paragraph properties) flow through the
+ * structured writer, which the mutation helper invokes by default;
+ * `preferRawPatch` callers who need the full set should stay on
+ * structural rebuilds.
+ */
+function buildRawChartExRichTextXml(rich) {
+    if (!rich || !Array.isArray(rich.paragraphs)) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const parts = ["<cx:rich>", "<a:bodyPr/>", "<a:lstStyle/>"];
+    for (const p of rich.paragraphs) {
+        parts.push("<a:p>");
+        for (const run of p.runs ?? []) {
+            const rPr = buildRawChartExRunPropertiesXml(run.properties);
+            // Preserve significant whitespace — matches the structured
+            // writer's `xml:space="preserve"` rule (see `needsXmlSpacePreserve`).
+            const text = typeof run.text === "string" ? run.text : "";
+            const needsPreserve = /^\s|\s$|[\t\n\r]/.test(text);
+            const tAttrs = needsPreserve ? ' xml:space="preserve"' : "";
+            parts.push(`<a:r>${rPr}<a:t${tAttrs}>${escapeXml(text)}</a:t></a:r>`);
+        }
+        parts.push('<a:endParaRPr lang="en-US"/>');
+        parts.push("</a:p>");
+    }
+    parts.push("</cx:rich>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function buildRawChartExRunPropertiesXml(props) {
+    if (!props || typeof props !== "object") {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const attrs = [];
+    if (typeof props.size === "number" && Number.isFinite(props.size)) {
+        attrs.push(`sz="${props.size}"`);
+    }
+    if (props.bold !== undefined) {
+        attrs.push(`b="${props.bold ? 1 : 0}"`);
+    }
+    if (props.italic !== undefined) {
+        attrs.push(`i="${props.italic ? 1 : 0}"`);
+    }
+    // Inline colour child only — the full `<a:solidFill>` emitter is
+    // intentionally out of scope for the raw patcher (structural
+    // rebuild handles anything beyond srgbClr / theme).
+    const color = props.color;
+    let colorChild = "";
+    if (color && typeof color === "object") {
+        if (typeof color.srgb === "string") {
+            colorChild = `<a:solidFill><a:srgbClr val="${escapeAttr(color.srgb)}"/></a:solidFill>`;
+        }
+        else if (typeof color.theme === "number") {
+            // `color.theme` is a 0-based index into the workbook's theme
+            // palette — 0..3 are bg/lt1/dk2/lt2, 4..9 are accent1..accent6,
+            // 10..11 are hlink / folHlink. The previous implementation
+            // emitted `accent${color.theme}`, which produced nonsense
+            // (`accent4` for `theme=4` instead of `accent1`; `accent0` for
+            // `theme=0` which is not even a valid DrawingML scheme slot).
+            // Route through the canonical helper shared with the
+            // structural emitters so the mapping stays in one place.
+            colorChild = `<a:solidFill><a:schemeClr val="${escapeAttr(getChartSupport().themeIndexToName(color.theme))}"/></a:solidFill>`;
+        }
+    }
+    if (attrs.length === 0 && !colorChild) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const attrStr = attrs.length > 0 ? ` ${attrs.join(" ")}` : "";
+    return colorChild ? `<a:rPr${attrStr}>${colorChild}</a:rPr>` : `<a:rPr${attrStr}/>`;
+}
+function buildRawChartExLayoutPropertiesXml(layoutId, layoutPr) {
+    if (!layoutPr) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (layoutPr._rawXml && !hasStructuredChartExLayoutProperties(layoutPr)) {
+        return layoutPr._rawXml;
+    }
+    const parts = ["<cx:layoutPr>"];
+    if (layoutPr.parentLabelLayout && (layoutId === "sunburst" || layoutId === "treemap")) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:parentLabelLayout val="${escapeAttr(layoutPr.parentLabelLayout)}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (layoutPr.subtotals && layoutId === "waterfall") {
+        parts.push("<cx:subtotals>");
+        for (const subtotal of layoutPr.subtotals) {
+            parts.push(`<cx:subtotal idx="${subtotal.idx}"/>`);
+        }
+        parts.push("</cx:subtotals>");
+    }
+    if (layoutId === "waterfall" && layoutPr.connectorLines !== undefined) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:connectorLines val="${layoutPr.connectorLines ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (layoutPr.binning) {
+        const binning = layoutPr.binning;
+        const attrs = [
+            binning.intervalClosed === "l" || binning.intervalClosed === "r"
+                ? `intervalClosed="${escapeAttr(binning.intervalClosed)}"`
+                : undefined,
+            binning.underflow !== undefined && Number.isFinite(binning.underflow)
+                ? `underflow="${binning.underflow}"`
+                : undefined,
+            binning.overflow !== undefined && Number.isFinite(binning.overflow)
+                ? `overflow="${binning.overflow}"`
+                : undefined
+        ].filter((attr) => !!attr);
+        parts.push(`<cx:binning${attrs.length > 0 ? ` ${attrs.join(" ")}` : ""}>`);
+        // CT_Binning schema order: choice(auto|categories|manual)
+        // followed by optional binSize and binCount. Previously the raw
+        // patcher emitted `<cx:auto/>` then `<cx:binSize/>` then
+        // `<cx:binCount/>` then `<cx:categories/>` / `<cx:manual/>` — but
+        // `categories`/`manual` are mutually exclusive with `auto`, and
+        // emitting them after binSize/binCount puts them out of the
+        // schema sequence. The parser's priority chain at
+        // `chart-ex-parser.ts:parseLayoutProperties` resolves
+        // auto > categories > manual, so the stray trailing elements
+        // never round-tripped back anyway. Mirror the structured
+        // renderer's order: one discriminator first, then the numeric
+        // children.
+        if (binning.binType === "auto") {
+            parts.push("<cx:auto/>");
+        }
+        else if (binning.binType === "categories") {
+            parts.push("<cx:categories/>");
+        }
+        else if (binning.binType === "manual") {
+            parts.push("<cx:manual/>");
+        }
+        if (binning.binSize !== undefined && Number.isFinite(binning.binSize)) {
+            parts.push(`<cx:binSize val="${binning.binSize}"/>`);
+        }
+        if (binning.binCount !== undefined && Number.isFinite(binning.binCount)) {
+            parts.push(`<cx:binCount val="${binning.binCount}"/>`);
+        }
+        parts.push("</cx:binning>");
+    }
+    // `paretoLine` is only a valid child when the enclosing layout is a
+    // pareto (clusteredColumn with pareto overlay, or the standalone
+    // `paretoLine` layoutId). Emit the explicit boolean — including
+    // `false` — so round-trip of user-suppressed pareto overlays
+    // matches the structured writer. Previously `if (layoutPr.paretoLine)`
+    // silently dropped the `false` case, re-enabling the line on save.
+    if (layoutPr.paretoLine !== undefined &&
+        (layoutId === "clusteredColumn" || layoutId === "paretoLine")) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:paretoLine val="${layoutPr.paretoLine ? "1" : "0"}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (layoutId === "boxWhisker") {
+        for (const [name, value] of [
+            ["quartileMethod", layoutPr.quartileMethod],
+            ["showMeanLine", layoutPr.showMeanLine],
+            ["showMeanMarker", layoutPr.showMeanMarker],
+            ["showInnerPoints", layoutPr.showInnerPoints],
+            ["showOutlierPoints", layoutPr.showOutlierPoints]
+        ]) {
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+                parts.push(`<cx:${name} val="${typeof value === "boolean" ? (value ? "1" : "0") : escapeAttr(String(value))}"/>`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (layoutId === "regionMap") {
+        for (const [name, value] of [
+            ["projection", layoutPr.projection],
+            ["regionLabels", layoutPr.regionLabels],
+            ["geoMappingLevel", layoutPr.geoMappingLevel]
+        ]) {
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+                parts.push(`<cx:${name} val="${escapeAttr(String(value))}"/>`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (layoutPr.extLst) {
+        parts.push(layoutPr.extLst);
+    }
+    parts.push("</cx:layoutPr>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function hasStructuredChartExLayoutProperties(layoutPr) {
+    // `increaseSpPr` / `decreaseSpPr` / `totalSpPr` are **preview-only**
+    // fields consumed by the SVG/PDF renderer to colour waterfall bars;
+    // Chart2014 has no schema slot for them (per-point styling lives on
+    // `<cx:dataPt>` instead). Do NOT treat setting one as a "structured
+    // mutation" — doing so would force the raw patcher onto the
+    // structured rebuild path and discard `_rawXml`, silently dropping
+    // every other property the raw bytes carried. The structured
+    // renderer (`hasStructuredLayoutProperties` in chart-ex-renderer.ts)
+    // uses the same exclusion list; keeping the two helpers in sync
+    // prevents asymmetric behaviour between raw-patch and rebuild.
+    return [
+        layoutPr.parentLabelLayout,
+        layoutPr.subtotals,
+        layoutPr.connectorLines,
+        layoutPr.binning,
+        layoutPr.paretoLine,
+        layoutPr.quartileMethod,
+        layoutPr.showMeanLine,
+        layoutPr.showMeanMarker,
+        layoutPr.showInnerPoints,
+        layoutPr.showOutlierPoints,
+        layoutPr.projection,
+        layoutPr.regionLabels,
+        layoutPr.geoMappingLevel
+    ].some(value => value !== undefined);
+}
+function buildRawChartExDataLabelsXml(dataLabels) {
+    if (!dataLabels) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const parts = ["<cx:dataLabels>"];
+    if (dataLabels.visibility) {
+        const attrs = [
+            dataLabels.visibility.seriesName !== undefined
+                ? `seriesName="${dataLabels.visibility.seriesName ? "1" : "0"}"`
+                : undefined,
+            dataLabels.visibility.categoryName !== undefined
+                ? `categoryName="${dataLabels.visibility.categoryName ? "1" : "0"}"`
+                : undefined,
+            dataLabels.visibility.value !== undefined
+                ? `value="${dataLabels.visibility.value ? "1" : "0"}"`
+                : undefined,
+            dataLabels.visibility.numFmt !== undefined
+                ? `numFmt="${dataLabels.visibility.numFmt ? "1" : "0"}"`
+                : undefined
+        ].filter((attr) => !!attr);
+        parts.push(`<cx:visibility ${attrs.join(" ")}/>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.position) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:dataLabel pos="${escapeAttr(dataLabels.position)}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.separator) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:separator>${escapeXml(String(dataLabels.separator))}</cx:separator>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.numFmt) {
+        parts.push(`<cx:numFmt formatCode="${escapeAttr(String(dataLabels.numFmt))}"/>`);
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.spPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawShapePropertiesXml(dataLabels.spPr, "cx") ?? "");
+    }
+    if (dataLabels.txPr) {
+        parts.push(buildRawTextPropertiesXml(dataLabels.txPr, "cx") ?? "");
+    }
+    parts.push("</cx:dataLabels>");
+    return parts.join("");
+}
+function patchRawChartExAxes(raw, chart, patchPlan) {
+    let patched = raw;
+    for (const [index, axis] of (chart.plotArea?.axis ?? []).entries()) {
+        const axisPlan = getRawPatchListItem(patchPlan, index);
+        if (!axisPlan) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const range = findChartExAxisBlock(patched, axis.axisId);
+        if (!range) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const axisXml = patchRawChartExAxisBlock(range.xml, axis, axisPlan);
+        patched = patched.slice(0, range.start) + axisXml + patched.slice(range.end);
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function patchRawChartExAxisBlock(block, axis, patchPlan) {
+    // `CT_Axis` child sequence (Chart2014):
+    //
+    //   (catScaling | valScaling) → title → units →
+    //   majorTickMarks → minorTickMarks →
+    //   majorGridlines → minorGridlines →
+    //   numFmt → txPr → spPr → extLst
+    //
+    // (The structured renderer emits `txPr` before `spPr` to match
+    // Excel's real output; some schema mirrors put spPr first, but
+    // Excel itself serialises txPr first and readers accept both. The
+    // raw patcher mirrors the structured renderer so both paths land
+    // byte-identical XML for the same model.)
+    //
+    // Sibling lists describe every element that must come AFTER the
+    // element being inserted. Older versions of the patcher used
+    // sibling arrays that put `majorTickMarks` before
+    // `title`/`valScaling`/`catScaling`, inverting the schema — strict
+    // validators rejected the output and Excel's own reader silently
+    // dropped whichever element landed out of position.
+    const afterScaling = [
+        "cx:title",
+        "cx:units",
+        "cx:majorTickMarks",
+        "cx:majorTickMark",
+        "cx:minorTickMarks",
+        "cx:minorTickMark",
+        "cx:majorGridlines",
+        "cx:minorGridlines",
+        "cx:numFmt",
+        "cx:txPr",
+        "cx:spPr",
+        "cx:extLst"
+    ];
+    const afterTitle = [
+        "cx:units",
+        "cx:majorTickMarks",
+        "cx:majorTickMark",
+        "cx:minorTickMarks",
+        "cx:minorTickMark",
+        "cx:majorGridlines",
+        "cx:minorGridlines",
+        "cx:numFmt",
+        "cx:txPr",
+        "cx:spPr",
+        "cx:extLst"
+    ];
+    const afterMajorTicks = [
+        "cx:minorTickMarks",
+        "cx:minorTickMark",
+        "cx:majorGridlines",
+        "cx:minorGridlines",
+        "cx:numFmt",
+        "cx:txPr",
+        "cx:spPr",
+        "cx:extLst"
+    ];
+    const afterMinorTicks = [
+        "cx:majorGridlines",
+        "cx:minorGridlines",
+        "cx:numFmt",
+        "cx:txPr",
+        "cx:spPr",
+        "cx:extLst"
+    ];
+    const afterNumFmt = ["cx:txPr", "cx:spPr", "cx:extLst"];
+    const afterTxPr = ["cx:spPr", "cx:extLst"];
+    const afterSpPr = ["cx:extLst"];
+    let patched = block;
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "hidden")) {
+        // `CT_Axis/@hidden` is an **attribute** on the opening `<cx:axis>`
+        // tag per ECMA-376 Chart2014, not a child element. Previously
+        // this raw-patch path emitted `<cx:hidden val="1"/>` as a child,
+        // which strict validators reject. Replay the mutation as an
+        // attribute tweak on the opening tag. When `axis.hidden` is
+        // `undefined` the attribute is removed entirely; explicit `false`
+        // lands `hidden="0"` so files that carried an affirmative
+        // visibility marker round-trip byte-identically.
+        patched = patchXmlAttribute(patched, "cx:axis", "hidden", axis.hidden);
+        // Clean up any stale child `<cx:hidden/>` bytes left over from
+        // legacy output that predated the attribute rewrite — the parser
+        // accepts both forms (see `chart-ex-parser.ts:parseAxis`), so
+        // round-tripping an older file must eliminate the legacy form.
+        patched = removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:hidden");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "valScaling")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:valScaling", buildRawChartExScalingXml("valScaling", axis.valScaling), afterScaling, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "catScaling")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:catScaling", buildRawChartExScalingXml("catScaling", axis.catScaling), afterScaling, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "title")) {
+        if (axis.title) {
+            const text = axis.title.text?.paragraphs?.[0]?.runs?.[0]?.text;
+            if (text !== undefined) {
+                patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:title", buildRawChartExTitleXml(text), afterTitle, "cx:axis");
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            patched = removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:title");
+        }
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "majorTickMark")) {
+        // `cx:majorTickMark` in the Chart2014 schema is the **plural**
+        // `majorTickMarks`. Earlier versions of this library emitted the
+        // classic-chart singular form; the raw patcher now always lands
+        // the plural, and strips any stale singular leftover so repeated
+        // patches don't duplicate the element.
+        patched = removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:majorTickMark");
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "cx:majorTickMarks", axis.majorTickMark, afterMajorTicks, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "minorTickMark")) {
+        // Plural form — see `majorTickMark` note above.
+        patched = removeXmlBlock(patched, "cx:minorTickMark");
+        patched = patchValueLeaf(patched, "cx:minorTickMarks", axis.minorTickMark, afterMinorTicks, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "numFmt")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:numFmt", buildRawChartExNumFmtXml(axis.numFmt), afterNumFmt, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "txPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:txPr", buildRawTextPropertiesXml(axis.txPr, "cx"), afterTxPr, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    if (rawPatchFlag(patchPlan, "spPr")) {
+        patched = patchGenericChild(patched, "cx:spPr", buildRawShapePropertiesXml(axis.spPr, "cx"), afterSpPr, "cx:axis");
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function buildRawChartExNumFmtXml(numFmt) {
+    if (!numFmt?.formatCode) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const attrs = [`formatCode="${escapeAttr(numFmt.formatCode)}"`];
+    if (numFmt.sourceLinked !== undefined) {
+        attrs.push(`sourceLinked="${numFmt.sourceLinked ? "1" : "0"}"`);
+    }
+    return `<cx:numFmt ${attrs.join(" ")}/>`;
+}
+function buildRawChartExScalingXml(tag, scaling) {
+    if (!scaling) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const attrs = Object.entries(scaling)
+        .filter(([, value]) => value !== undefined)
+        .map(([key, value]) => `${key}="${escapeAttr(String(value))}"`);
+    return `<cx:${tag}${attrs.length > 0 ? ` ${attrs.join(" ")}` : ""}/>`;
+}
+function findChartExAxisBlock(raw, axisId) {
+    let cursor = 0;
+    while (cursor < raw.length) {
+        const range = findXmlBlock(raw, "cx:axis", cursor);
+        if (!range) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const xml = raw.slice(range.start, range.end);
+        if (new RegExp(`<cx:axis\\s+[^>]*id=["']${axisId}["']`).test(xml)) {
+            return { ...range, xml };
+        }
+        cursor = range.end;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+function replaceOrInsertBefore(block, tag, replacement, beforeTags) {
+    const range = findXmlBlock(block, tag);
+    if (range) {
+        return block.slice(0, range.start) + replacement + block.slice(range.end);
+    }
+    const insertAt = beforeTags
+        .map(t => block.indexOf(`<${t}`))
+        .filter(i => i >= 0)
+        .sort((a, b) => a - b)[0];
+    if (insertAt !== undefined) {
+        return block.slice(0, insertAt) + replacement + block.slice(insertAt);
+    }
+    const close = block.lastIndexOf("</c:ser>") >= 0
+        ? block.lastIndexOf("</c:ser>")
+        : block.lastIndexOf("</c:catAx>");
+    return close >= 0 ? block.slice(0, close) + replacement + block.slice(close) : block;
+}
+function replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(block, tag, replacement, beforeTags, parentTag) {
+    const range = findXmlBlock(block, tag);
+    if (range) {
+        return block.slice(0, range.start) + replacement + block.slice(range.end);
+    }
+    const insertAt = beforeTags
+        .map(t => block.indexOf(`<${t}`))
+        .filter(i => i >= 0)
+        .sort((a, b) => a - b)[0];
+    if (insertAt !== undefined) {
+        return block.slice(0, insertAt) + replacement + block.slice(insertAt);
+    }
+    const close = block.lastIndexOf(`</${parentTag}>`);
+    return close >= 0 ? block.slice(0, close) + replacement + block.slice(close) : block;
+}
+function patchGenericChild(block, tag, replacement, beforeTags, parentTag) {
+    if (replacement === undefined || replacement === "") {
+        return removeXmlBlock(block, tag);
+    }
+    return replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(block, tag, replacement, beforeTags, parentTag);
+}
+function patchOpeningTagBooleanAttribute(block, tag, attr, value) {
+    const openEnd = block.indexOf(">");
+    if (openEnd < 0 || !block.startsWith(`<${tag}`)) {
+        return block;
+    }
+    const head = block
+        .slice(0, openEnd + 1)
+        .replace(new RegExp(`\\s${attr}=("[^"]*"|'[^']*')`, "g"), "");
+    if (value === undefined) {
+        return head + block.slice(openEnd + 1);
+    }
+    // Emit an explicit `val="0"` / `val="1"` for both boolean states so
+    // the raw patch path matches the structured renderer (which emits
+    // `hidden="0"` on `<cx:series>` when the author set `hidden:
+    // false`). Previously the `false` case dropped the attribute
+    // entirely — technically equivalent to the schema default, but
+    // asymmetric with the structured writer: files round-tripping
+    // through raw-patch lost an explicitly-false marker that the
+    // structural path preserved.
+    const selfClosing = head.endsWith("/>");
+    const insertion = ` ${attr}="${value ? "1" : "0"}"`;
+    const rewritten = selfClosing
+        ? head.replace(/\/>$/, `${insertion}/>`)
+        : head.replace(/>$/, `${insertion}>`);
+    return rewritten + block.slice(openEnd + 1);
+}
+/**
+ * Replace (or remove) a numeric attribute on the opening tag of `block`.
+ * Used to patch ChartEx series attributes such as `ownerIdx` that live on
+ * `<cx:series …>` rather than as structured children. Matches the element
+ * only when the block begins with `<{tag}` so nested tags with the same
+ * attribute name are left alone. Preserves the `/` on self-closing tags.
+ */
+function patchOpeningTagIntegerAttribute(block, tag, attr, value) {
+    const openEnd = block.indexOf(">");
+    if (openEnd < 0 || !block.startsWith(`<${tag}`)) {
+        return block;
+    }
+    const head = block.slice(0, openEnd + 1);
+    const selfClosing = head.endsWith("/>");
+    const strippedHead = head.replace(new RegExp(`\\s${attr}=("[^"]*"|'[^']*')`, "g"), "");
+    if (value === undefined || !Number.isFinite(value)) {
+        return strippedHead + block.slice(openEnd + 1);
+    }
+    const insertion = ` ${attr}="${value}"`;
+    const rewritten = selfClosing
+        ? strippedHead.replace(/\/>$/, `${insertion}/>`)
+        : strippedHead.replace(/>$/, `${insertion}>`);
+    return rewritten + block.slice(openEnd + 1);
+}
+function patchRepeatingChildren(block, tag, replacement, beforeTags, parentTag) {
+    const stripped = removeXmlBlocks(block, tag);
+    if (!replacement) {
+        return stripped;
+    }
+    return replaceOrInsertBeforeGeneric(stripped, tag, replacement, beforeTags, parentTag);
+}
+function removeXmlBlock(block, tag) {
+    const range = findXmlBlock(block, tag);
+    return range ? block.slice(0, range.start) + block.slice(range.end) : block;
+}
+/**
+ * Patch a single attribute on the opening tag of `elementTag` inside
+ * the supplied `block`. Intended for raw-XML patching where the
+ * attribute, not a child element, carries the field — e.g.
+ * `CT_Axis/@hidden` in the Chart2014 schema.
+ *
+ *   - `value === undefined` removes the attribute (if present).
+ *   - `value === true | false` lands `attr="1"` / `attr="0"` — the
+ *     OOXML `xsd:boolean` lexical form.
+ *   - `value: string` lands literally (escaped).
+ *
+ * The function only mutates the **first** matching opening tag; it
+ * does not recurse into nested elements of the same name (axes in a
+ * combo-chart plotArea are iterated by the caller, each block already
+ * narrowed to a single `<cx:axis …>` opening). Returns the block
+ * unchanged when `elementTag` can't be found — callers rely on the
+ * identity comparison `patched !== block` to detect successful writes.
+ */
+function patchXmlAttribute(block, elementTag, attrName, value) {
+    // Match the opening tag, allowing leading whitespace in attributes
+    // and both self-closing and regular element forms. Escape the full
+    // element name for regex safety (covers all special regex characters).
+    const escapedTag = elementTag.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
+    const tagRe = new RegExp(`<${escapedTag}\\b([^>]*)(/?)>`);
+    const match = tagRe.exec(block);
+    if (!match) {
+        return block;
+    }
+    const [fullMatch, attrSegment, selfClose] = match;
+    const attrRe = new RegExp(`\\s${attrName}="[^"]*"`);
+    const stripped = attrSegment.replace(attrRe, "");
+    const serialised = value === undefined
+        ? ""
+        : typeof value === "boolean"
+            ? ` ${attrName}="${value ? "1" : "0"}"`
+            : ` ${attrName}="${escapeAttr(value)}"`;
+    const rebuilt = `<${elementTag}${stripped}${serialised}${selfClose}>`;
+    if (rebuilt === fullMatch) {
+        return block;
+    }
+    return block.slice(0, match.index) + rebuilt + block.slice(match.index + fullMatch.length);
+}
+function removeXmlBlocks(block, tag) {
+    let patched = block;
+    let range = findXmlBlock(patched, tag);
+    while (range) {
+        patched = patched.slice(0, range.start) + patched.slice(range.end);
+        range = findXmlBlock(patched, tag, range.start);
+    }
+    return patched;
+}
+function replaceXmlBlocks(raw, tag, replace) {
+    let cursor = 0;
+    let output = "";
+    while (cursor < raw.length) {
+        const range = findXmlBlock(raw, tag, cursor);
+        if (!range) {
+            output += raw.slice(cursor);
+            return output;
+        }
+        output += raw.slice(cursor, range.start);
+        const replacement = replace(raw.slice(range.start, range.end));
+        if (replacement === undefined) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        output += replacement;
+        cursor = range.end;
+    }
+    return output;
+}
+function findAxisBlock(raw, tag, axId) {
+    let cursor = 0;
+    while (cursor < raw.length) {
+        const range = findXmlBlock(raw, tag, cursor);
+        if (!range) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const xml = raw.slice(range.start, range.end);
+        if (new RegExp(`<c:axId\\s+val=["']${axId}["']\\s*/>`).test(xml)) {
+            return { ...range, xml };
+        }
+        cursor = range.end;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+/**
+ * Locate the `<tag …>…</tag>` (or self-closing `<tag …/>`) block in
+ * `raw` starting at or after `offset`. Returns `{ start, end }` on hit,
+ * `undefined` on miss.
+ *
+ * Two correctness concerns this implementation guards against:
+ *   1. **Prefix collision** — `indexOf("<tag")` matches `<tag2>` or
+ *      `<tagX>` as well as the literal `<tag>` / `<tag `/`<tag/`. We
+ *      require the character immediately after the tag name to be one
+ *      of `>`, `/`, or whitespace so `<c:chart>` can't match
+ *      `<c:chartSpace>` and `<c:ax>` can't match `<c:axId>`.
+ *   2. **Nested same-name elements** — `<c:extLst><c:ext>…<c:extLst>
+ *      …</c:extLst></c:ext></c:extLst>` used to match the inner
+ *      close. Walk open/close tokens with a depth counter to find the
+ *      matching end.
+ *
+ * Limitations: the scanner treats XML tokens lexically and will fail
+ * on same-name occurrences inside CDATA or XML comments. ChartEx XML
+ * does not use either, so this remains a safe shortcut.
+ */
+function findXmlBlock(raw, tag, offset = 0) {
+    const openToken = `<${tag}`;
+    const closeToken = `</${tag}>`;
+    let pos = offset;
+    let start = -1;
+    // First, find the first legitimate open tag — one whose next char is
+    // `>`, `/`, or whitespace. Prefix collisions (`<tag2>`) are silently
+    // skipped.
+    while (pos < raw.length) {
+        const candidate = raw.indexOf(openToken, pos);
+        if (candidate < 0) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        const nextChar = raw[candidate + openToken.length];
+        if (nextChar === ">" || nextChar === "/" || /\s/.test(nextChar ?? "")) {
+            start = candidate;
+            break;
+        }
+        pos = candidate + openToken.length;
+    }
+    if (start < 0) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    // Find the end of the open tag. `>` inside a quoted attribute would
+    // confuse this, but Chart XML attributes never contain `>`.
+    const openEnd = raw.indexOf(">", start);
+    if (openEnd < 0) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    if (raw[openEnd - 1] === "/") {
+        return { start, end: openEnd + 1 };
+    }
+    // Walk forward balancing opens and closes for this same tag name.
+    // A nested `<tag>` inside the element bumps the depth; `</tag>`
+    // decrements. When depth hits zero we've found the matching close.
+    let depth = 1;
+    let scan = openEnd + 1;
+    while (scan < raw.length && depth > 0) {
+        const nextOpen = (() => {
+            let p = scan;
+            while (p < raw.length) {
+                const c = raw.indexOf(openToken, p);
+                if (c < 0) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                const next = raw[c + openToken.length];
+                if (next === ">" || next === "/" || /\s/.test(next ?? "")) {
+                    return c;
+                }
+                p = c + openToken.length;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        })();
+        const nextClose = raw.indexOf(closeToken, scan);
+        if (nextClose < 0) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        if (nextOpen >= 0 && nextOpen < nextClose) {
+            // Another open of the same tag — but only count it if it's a
+            // real element (not self-closing, which shouldn't change depth).
+            const oeNext = raw.indexOf(">", nextOpen);
+            if (oeNext < 0) {
+                return undefined;
+            }
+            if (raw[oeNext - 1] !== "/") {
+                depth++;
+            }
+            scan = oeNext + 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            depth--;
+            if (depth === 0) {
+                return { start, end: nextClose + closeToken.length };
+            }
+            scan = nextClose + closeToken.length;
+        }
+    }
+    return undefined;
+}
+function escapeXml(value) {
+    // Route through the canonical XML encoder so every raw-patch / XML
+    // builder call site benefits from the same strict sanitisation:
+    //
+    //   - strips XML 1.0-forbidden control characters (`#x0`-`#x1F`
+    //     except `\t \n \r`, `#x7F` DEL, `#xFFFE`, `#xFFFF`);
+    //   - strips lone surrogate halves (previously `U+D800`-`U+DFFF`
+    //     outside a valid pair could leak into attribute / text
+    //     content and corrupt the output encoding);
+    //   - escapes all five XML structural entities (`< > & " '`).
+    //
+    // The previous local implementation only handled `& < >` plus a
+    // partial control-char strip. That was enough for the reserved-
+    // trio case but left `"` untouched in attribute values (callers
+    // compensated with a manual `.replace(/"/g, "&quot;")`), and
+    // lone surrogates survived — producing bytes no XML parser can
+    // reopen.
+    //
+    // Element-text call sites used to emit `"` / `'` verbatim; the
+    // new encoder produces `&quot;` / `&apos;`. Both are valid XML
+    // and round-trip identically through any parser, but byte-level
+    // diffs against the old output will show the extra entities.
+    return xmlEncode(value);
+}
+function escapeAttr(value) {
+    // Attribute values need the extra step of escaping `\t \n \r` as
+    // numeric character references; without it, XML 1.0 §3.3.3
+    // attribute-value normalisation replaces them with a single
+    // literal space at parse time, silently losing any embedded
+    // newline / tab in (e.g.) a chart title.
+    return xmlEncodeAttr(value);
+}
 /**
  * XLSX class - handles Excel file operations
  * Works in both Node.js and Browser environments
@@ -326,6 +3821,8 @@ class XLSX {
     async writeToZip(zip, options) {
         const { model } = this.workbook;
         this.prepareModel(model, options);
+        this.prepareChartsheets(model);
+        this.prepareChartExSidecars(model);
         await this.addContentTypes(zip, model);
         await this.addOfficeRels(zip, model);
         await this.addWorkbookRels(zip, model);
@@ -336,10 +3833,13 @@ class XLSX {
         await this.addWorksheets(zip, model);
         await this.addSharedStrings(zip, model);
         await this.addDrawings(zip, model);
+        await this.addChartsheets(zip, model);
+        const strictTemplateMode = isStrictTemplateMode(options);
+        await this.addCharts(zip, model, strictTemplateMode);
+        await this.addChartExEntries(zip, model, strictTemplateMode);
         await this.addTables(zip, model);
         await this.addPivotTables(zip, model);
         await this.addExternalLinks(zip, model);
-        this.addPassthrough(zip, model);
         await this.addThemes(zip, model);
         await this.addStyles(zip, model);
         await this.addFeaturePropertyBag(zip, model);
@@ -347,6 +3847,44 @@ class XLSX {
         await this.addMedia(zip, model);
         await this.addApp(zip, model);
         await this.addCore(zip, model);
+        await this.addPersons(zip, model);
+        await this.addSlicerAndTimelineParts(zip, model);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Emit the raw slicer/timeline parts captured on load. Pure
+     * byte-copy — excelts does not modify these parts. The partner
+     * Content-Types and rels are covered separately (content types in
+     * `addContentTypes`, sheet/workbook rels by the corresponding
+     * xforms consuming the existing `xl/_rels/*.rels` captured on
+     * load).
+     */
+    async addSlicerAndTimelineParts(zip, model) {
+        for (const source of [
+            model.slicerParts,
+            model.slicerCacheParts,
+            model.timelineParts,
+            model.timelineCacheParts
+        ]) {
+            if (!source) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (const [path, bytes] of Object.entries(source)) {
+                zip.append(bytes, { name: path });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Write the workbook-level `xl/persons/person.xml` part when the
+     * model carries Office 365 threaded-comment authors. No-op when the
+     * persons list is empty so legacy files without threaded comments
+     * stay byte-identical.
+     */
+    async addPersons(zip, model) {
+        const persons = model.persons;
+        if (!persons || persons.length === 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        zip.append(renderPersonList(persons), { name: "xl/persons/person.xml" });
     }
     // ===========================================================================
     // Stream/Buffer operations - shared by all platforms
@@ -467,8 +4005,6 @@ class XLSX {
             mediaIndex: {},
             drawings: {},
             drawingRels: {},
-            // Raw drawing XML data for passthrough (when drawing contains chart references)
-            rawDrawings: {},
             comments: {},
             tables: {},
             vmlDrawings: {},
@@ -476,8 +4012,22 @@ class XLSX {
             pivotTableRels: {},
             pivotCacheDefinitions: {},
             pivotCacheRecords: {},
-            // Passthrough storage for unknown/unsupported files (charts, etc.)
-            passthrough: {},
+            // Parsed chart entries keyed by chart number
+            chartEntries: {},
+            // Parsed chart rels keyed by chart number
+            chartRels: {},
+            // Raw chart style bytes keyed by style number
+            chartStyles: {},
+            // Raw chart colors bytes keyed by colors number
+            chartColors: {},
+            chartExStyles: {},
+            chartExColors: {},
+            // Raw chartEx entries (Office 2016+ extended charts) keyed by chartEx number
+            chartExEntries: {},
+            // Parsed chartEx rels keyed by chartEx number
+            chartExRels: {},
+            // Structured chartEx entries (built via addChartEx) keyed by chartEx number
+            chartExStructuredEntries: {},
             // External workbook links — parsed from xl/externalLinks/externalLinkN.xml
             // during _processDefaultEntry, then reconciled into a dense
             // ExternalLinkModel[] by reconcile() using workbookRels + <externalReferences>.
@@ -485,7 +4035,10 @@ class XLSX {
             // Raw rels from each externalLinkN.rels file, keyed by index.
             // Contains the actual Target path (e.g. "测试.xlsx", "file:///...")
             // and TargetMode ("External" / "Internal").
-            externalLinkRelsByIndex: {}
+            externalLinkRelsByIndex: {},
+            // Chartsheets keyed by sheet number
+            chartsheets: {},
+            chartsheetRels: {}
         };
     }
     /**
@@ -511,20 +4064,6 @@ class XLSX {
         });
         return concatUint8Arrays(chunks);
     }
-    /**
-     * Check if a drawing has chart references in its relationships
-     */
-    drawingHasChartReference(drawing) {
-        return (drawing.rels && drawing.rels.some((rel) => rel.Target && rel.Target.includes("/charts/")));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Check if a drawing rels list references charts.
-     * Used to decide whether we need to keep raw drawing XML for passthrough.
-     */
-    drawingRelsHasChartReference(drawingRels) {
-        return (Array.isArray(drawingRels) &&
-            drawingRels.some(rel => typeof rel?.Target === "string" && rel.Target.includes("/charts/")));
-    }
     /**
      * Process a known OOXML entry (workbook, styles, shared strings, etc.)
      * Returns true if handled, false if should be passed to _processDefaultEntry
@@ -535,6 +4074,11 @@ class XLSX {
             await this._processWorksheetEntry(stream, model, sheetNo, options, entryName);
             return true;
         }
+        const chartsheetNo = getChartsheetNoFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartsheetNo !== undefined) {
+            await this._processChartsheetEntry(stream, model, chartsheetNo);
+            return true;
+        }
         switch (entryName) {
             case OOXML_PATHS.rootRels:
                 model.globalRels = await this.parseRels(stream);
@@ -587,8 +4131,56 @@ class XLSX {
                 }
                 return true;
             }
-            default:
+            case "xl/persons/person.xml": {
+                // Office 365 threaded-comment person directory. Parsed here so
+                // reconcile can attach the list to the workbook. Silently
+                // ignored when malformed — threaded comments degrade to
+                // "unknown author" rather than breaking the whole load.
+                const data = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+                const raw = new TextDecoder().decode(data);
+                model.persons = parsePersonList(raw);
+                return true;
+            }
+            default: {
+                // Catch threaded-comment per-sheet parts (the path contains a
+                // variable sheet index so they can't be matched in the switch).
+                const threadedMatch = /^xl\/threadedComments\/threadedComment(\d+)\.xml$/.exec(entryName);
+                if (threadedMatch) {
+                    const sheetIndex = parseInt(threadedMatch[1], 10);
+                    const data = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+                    const raw = new TextDecoder().decode(data);
+                    model.threadedCommentsByIndex ?? (model.threadedCommentsByIndex = {});
+                    model.threadedCommentsByIndex[sheetIndex] = parseThreadedComments(raw);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // Raw-passthrough capture for slicers and timelines — two
+                // coordinated Office dashboard features excelts does not
+                // structurally model but must not destroy on round-trip.
+                // Each family has two part types (the control itself + its
+                // cache); both are captured into maps on the workbook model
+                // so the writer can emit them verbatim later.
+                if (/^xl\/slicers\/slicer\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName)) {
+                    model.slicerParts ?? (model.slicerParts = {});
+                    model.slicerParts[entryName] = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (/^xl\/slicerCaches\/slicerCache\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName)) {
+                    model.slicerCacheParts ?? (model.slicerCacheParts = {});
+                    model.slicerCacheParts[entryName] = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (/^xl\/timelines\/timeline\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName)) {
+                    model.timelineParts ?? (model.timelineParts = {});
+                    model.timelineParts[entryName] = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (/^xl\/timelineCaches\/timelineCache\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName)) {
+                    model.timelineCacheParts ?? (model.timelineCacheParts = {});
+                    model.timelineCacheParts[entryName] = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+                    return true;
+                }
                 return false;
+            }
         }
     }
     async loadFromZipEntries(entries, options) {
@@ -647,7 +4239,14 @@ class XLSX {
         zip.pipe(stream);
         await this.writeToZip(zip, options);
         await this._finalize(zip);
-        return stream.read() || new Uint8Array(0);
+        const bytes = stream.read() || new Uint8Array(0);
+        // Optional OOXML self-check. Enabled by default in non-production
+        // Node.js environments; disabled in the browser and in production.
+        // See `XlsxWriteOptions.validate` for the resolution rules.
+        if (shouldAutoValidate(options.validate)) {
+            await runWriteBufferSelfCheck(bytes);
+        }
+        return bytes;
     }
     // ===========================================================================
     // Media handling - base implementation (buffer/base64 only)
@@ -728,15 +4327,35 @@ class XLSX {
                 drawingXform.reconcile(drawing, drawingOptions);
             }
         });
-        // Trim raw drawings for non-chart drawings to avoid bloating the serialized workbook model.
-        if (model.rawDrawings && model.drawingRels) {
-            for (const name of Object.keys(model.rawDrawings)) {
-                const drawingRel = model.drawingRels[name];
-                if (drawingRel && !this.drawingRelsHasChartReference(drawingRel)) {
-                    delete model.rawDrawings[name];
+        // Reconcile chart references in drawing anchors
+        Object.keys(model.drawings).forEach(name => {
+            const drawing = model.drawings[name];
+            const drawingRel = model.drawingRels[name];
+            if (!drawingRel) {
+                return;
+            }
+            const relMap = {};
+            for (const rel of drawingRel) {
+                relMap[rel.Id] = rel;
+            }
+            for (const anchor of drawing.anchors ?? []) {
+                if (anchor.graphicFrame?.rId) {
+                    const rel = relMap[anchor.graphicFrame.rId];
+                    if (rel?.Target) {
+                        // Extract chart number from target like "../charts/chart1.xml"
+                        const match = /chart(\d+)\.xml/.exec(rel.Target);
+                        if (match) {
+                            anchor.chartNumber = parseInt(match[1], 10);
+                        }
+                        // Extract chartEx number from target like "../charts/chartEx1.xml"
+                        const matchEx = /chartEx(\d+)\.xml/.exec(rel.Target);
+                        if (matchEx) {
+                            anchor.chartExNumber = parseInt(matchEx[1], 10);
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
-        }
+        });
         // reconcile tables with the default styles
         const tableOptions = {
             styles: model.styles
@@ -764,7 +4383,59 @@ class XLSX {
         model.worksheets.forEach((worksheet) => {
             worksheet.relationships = model.worksheetRels[worksheet.sheetNo];
             worksheetXform.reconcile(worksheet, sheetOptions);
+            // Attach any threaded comments that arrived in a separate
+            // `xl/threadedComments/threadedComment{N}.xml` part. The sheet
+            // index in that path maps to `worksheet.sheetNo`, not
+            // `worksheet.id` — Excel uses the package-relative file number,
+            // same as classic `xl/comments{N}.xml`.
+            const threaded = model.threadedCommentsByIndex?.[worksheet.sheetNo];
+            if (threaded) {
+                worksheet.threadedComments = threaded;
+            }
         });
+        // Reconcile chartsheets — link their drawing references and
+        // preserve every relationship so the writer can round-trip
+        // every r:id referenced by raw-captured children (legacyDrawing,
+        // picture, legacyDrawingHF, drawingHF, etc.). Previously only
+        // the drawing rel was hooked up and everything else was
+        // silently discarded on save, leaving any raw-captured child
+        // with a dangling r:id pointing at a now-missing part.
+        const chartsheetsList = model.chartsheetsList || [];
+        for (const cs of chartsheetsList) {
+            const csRels = model.chartsheetRels[cs.sheetNo];
+            if (csRels) {
+                // Keep the full rels list attached to the model so
+                // `addChartsheets` can re-emit it. Copy so downstream
+                // mutations don't leak back into `model.chartsheetRels`.
+                cs.relationships = [...csRels];
+            }
+            if (cs.drawing && csRels) {
+                const drawingRel = csRels.find((r) => r.Id === cs.drawing.rId);
+                if (drawingRel) {
+                    const match = drawingRel.Target.match(/\/drawings\/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)[.][a-zA-Z]{3,4}$/);
+                    if (match) {
+                        cs.drawingName = match[1];
+                        // Resolve drawing → chart number from drawing rels
+                        const drawingRelArr = model.drawingRels[cs.drawingName];
+                        if (drawingRelArr) {
+                            for (const dr of drawingRelArr) {
+                                const chartMatch = /chart(\d+)\.xml/.exec(dr.Target);
+                                if (chartMatch) {
+                                    cs.chartNumber = parseInt(chartMatch[1], 10);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                const chartExMatch = /chartEx(\d+)\.xml/.exec(dr.Target);
+                                if (chartExMatch) {
+                                    cs.chartExNumber = parseInt(chartExMatch[1], 10);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        model.chartsheets = chartsheetsList;
         // Reconcile external workbook links before workbookRels / externalReferences
         // are dropped. Joins 3 sources:
         //   1. model.externalReferences  — ordered list of { rId } from workbook.xml
@@ -772,6 +4443,17 @@ class XLSX {
         //   3. model.externalLinksByIndex — parsed externalLinkN.xml parts
         //   4. model.externalLinkRelsByIndex — parsed externalLinkN.xml.rels parts
         this._reconcileExternalLinks(model);
+        // Preserve parsed chart data through to the workbook model.
+        // chartEntries, chartRels, chartStyles, chartColors are kept as-is.
+        // Reconcile chart user-shapes drawing parts onto their owning
+        // ChartEntry. Each chart rels file may reference an overlay drawing
+        // via `RelType.ChartUserShapes`; we copy those bytes from
+        // `model.drawingRaw` (populated by `_processDrawingEntry`) onto the
+        // chart entry so writers can emit them back, and so the Chart API
+        // can expose them via `Chart.userShapesXml`. Regular worksheet
+        // drawings are untouched — this reconcile only moves bytes for
+        // chart-overlay parts.
+        this._reconcileChartUserShapes(model);
         // delete unnecessary parts
         delete model.worksheetHash;
         delete model.worksheetRels;
@@ -785,6 +4467,7 @@ class XLSX {
         delete model.mediaIndex;
         delete model.drawings;
         delete model.drawingRels;
+        delete model.drawingRaw;
         delete model.vmlDrawings;
         delete model.pivotTableRels;
         delete model.metadata;
@@ -792,6 +4475,56 @@ class XLSX {
         delete model.externalReferences;
         delete model.externalLinksByIndex;
         delete model.externalLinkRelsByIndex;
+        delete model.chartsheetRels;
+        delete model.chartsheetsList;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Copy the raw bytes of each chart's user-shapes drawing part onto
+     * the owning `ChartEntry.userShapesXml` so the writer can emit them
+     * back verbatim (and so {@link Chart.userShapesXml} can surface them
+     * to user code). Runs after all ZIP entries have been processed
+     * because chart rels and drawing bytes stream in independent order.
+     *
+     * Skips charts that have no `ChartUserShapes` rel. The bytes stay
+     * keyed by drawing name (e.g. `drawing3`) inside `model.drawingRaw`
+     * since a workbook may have many user-shape drawings across
+     * different charts; we look up each chart's target through its
+     * rels file.
+     */
+    _reconcileChartUserShapes(model) {
+        var _a;
+        const chartRelsMap = model.chartRels;
+        const drawingRaw = model.drawingRaw;
+        const chartEntries = model.chartEntries;
+        if (!chartRelsMap || !drawingRaw || !chartEntries) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (const [chartNum, rels] of Object.entries(chartRelsMap)) {
+            if (!Array.isArray(rels)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const entry = chartEntries[chartNum];
+            if (!entry) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const userShapesRel = rels.find(rel => rel && typeof rel === "object" && rel.Type === RelType.ChartUserShapes);
+            if (!userShapesRel?.Target) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Target like `../drawings/drawing3.xml` or `../drawings/chartUserShape2.xml`.
+            const match = /drawings\/([^/]+)\.xml$/i.exec(String(userShapesRel.Target));
+            if (!match) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const drawingName = match[1];
+            const bytes = drawingRaw[drawingName];
+            if (bytes) {
+                entry.userShapesXml = bytes;
+                // Make sure the chart model carries the r:id so subsequent reads
+                // via Chart.userShapesXml can round-trip without extra setup.
+                (_a = entry.model).userShapesRelId ?? (_a.userShapesRelId = userShapesRel.Id);
+            }
+        }
     }
     /**
      * Join the three on-disk sources that together describe external workbook
@@ -993,6 +4726,7 @@ class XLSX {
             const defaultMetric = this._determineMetric(pt.dataFields);
             const completePivotTable = {
                 ...pt,
+                name: pt.name ?? `PivotTable${tableNumber}`,
                 tableNumber,
                 cacheId: String(pt.cacheId),
                 cacheDefinition: cacheData?.definition,
@@ -1068,6 +4802,14 @@ class XLSX {
         model.worksheetHash[path] = worksheet;
         model.worksheets.push(worksheet);
     }
+    async _processChartsheetEntry(stream, model, sheetNo) {
+        const xform = new ChartsheetXform();
+        const chartsheet = await xform.parseStream(stream);
+        if (chartsheet) {
+            chartsheet.sheetNo = sheetNo;
+            model.chartsheets[sheetNo] = chartsheet;
+        }
+    }
     async _processCommentEntry(stream, model, zipPath) {
         const xform = new CommentsXform();
         const comments = await xform.parseStream(stream);
@@ -1139,8 +4881,30 @@ class XLSX {
         const xmlString = this.bufferToString(data);
         const drawing = await xform.parseStream(this.createTextStream(xmlString));
         model.drawings[name] = drawing;
-        // Store raw data; reconcile() may later drop it if charts are not referenced.
-        model.rawDrawings[name] = data;
+        // Also stash the original bytes — chart user-shape drawings use a
+        // distinct schema (`c:relSizeAnchor` / `c:userShapes` instead of
+        // `xdr:twoCellAnchor`) and are post-reconciled onto their owning
+        // ChartEntry so the bytes can be written back verbatim. Regular
+        // worksheet drawings don't read this map.
+        if (!model.drawingRaw) {
+            model.drawingRaw = {};
+        }
+        model.drawingRaw[name] = data;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Stash raw bytes of a chart-overlay drawing part. `c:userShapes`
+     * parts live under `xl/drawings/chartUserShape{N}.xml` in files we
+     * write ourselves and can use arbitrary names in foreign files (the
+     * rel target is the only authoritative reference). The bytes are
+     * keyed by the stem so `_reconcileChartUserShapes` can match them
+     * against each chart's `ChartUserShapes` rel Target.
+     */
+    async _processChartUserShapesEntry(_stream, model, name, rawData) {
+        const data = rawData ?? (await this.collectStreamData(_stream));
+        if (!model.drawingRaw) {
+            model.drawingRaw = {};
+        }
+        model.drawingRaw[name] = data;
     }
     async _processDrawingRelsEntry(entry, model, name) {
         const xform = new RelationshipsXform();
@@ -1241,6 +5005,34 @@ class XLSX {
         const relationships = await this.parseRels(stream);
         model.externalLinkRelsByIndex[index] = relationships ?? [];
     }
+    async _processChartEntry(stream, model, chartNumber, rawData) {
+        const data = rawData ?? (await this.collectStreamData(stream));
+        // Parse into model for high-level API access
+        const xform = getChartSupport().createChartSpaceXform();
+        const xmlString = this.bufferToString(data);
+        const chart = await xform.parseStream(this.createTextStream(xmlString));
+        if (chart) {
+            model.chartEntries[chartNumber] = {
+                chartNumber,
+                model: chart,
+                rawData: data,
+                modelSnapshot: snapshotChartModel(chart)
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    async _processChartRelsEntry(stream, model, chartNumber) {
+        const xform = new RelationshipsXform();
+        const relationships = await xform.parseStream(stream);
+        model.chartRels[chartNumber] = relationships;
+    }
+    async _processChartStyleEntry(stream, model, styleNumber) {
+        const data = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+        model.chartStyles[styleNumber] = data;
+    }
+    async _processChartColorsEntry(stream, model, colorsNumber) {
+        const data = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
+        model.chartColors[colorsNumber] = data;
+    }
     // ===========================================================================
     // loadFromFiles - shared logic for loading from pre-extracted ZIP data
     // ===========================================================================
@@ -1261,7 +5053,6 @@ class XLSX {
                     : this.createTextStream(this.bufferToString(entry.data));
                 const handled = await this._processKnownEntry(stream, model, entryName, options);
                 if (!handled) {
-                    // Pass raw entry data for drawings to enable passthrough
                     await this._processDefaultEntry(stream, model, entryName, entry.data);
                 }
             }
@@ -1280,6 +5071,12 @@ class XLSX {
             await this._processWorksheetRelsEntry(stream, model, sheetNo);
             return true;
         }
+        const chartsheetRelsNo = getChartsheetNoFromRelsPath(entryName);
+        if (chartsheetRelsNo !== undefined) {
+            const rels = await this.parseRels(stream);
+            model.chartsheetRels[chartsheetRelsNo] = rels;
+            return true;
+        }
         const mediaFilename = getMediaFilenameFromPath(entryName);
         if (mediaFilename) {
             await this._processMediaEntry(stream, model, mediaFilename);
@@ -1288,7 +5085,11 @@ class XLSX {
         const drawingName = getDrawingNameFromPath(entryName);
         if (drawingName) {
             await this._processDrawingEntry(stream, model, drawingName, rawData);
-            // rawData is now stored inside _processDrawingEntry
+            return true;
+        }
+        const chartUserShapesName = getChartUserShapesNameFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartUserShapesName) {
+            await this._processChartUserShapesEntry(stream, model, chartUserShapesName, rawData);
             return true;
         }
         const drawingRelsName = getDrawingNameFromRelsPath(entryName);
@@ -1365,27 +5166,108 @@ class XLSX {
             await this._processExternalLinkRelsEntry(stream, model, externalLinkRelsIndex);
             return true;
         }
-        // Store passthrough files (charts, etc.) for preservation
-        if (PassthroughManager.isPassthroughPath(entryName)) {
-            // If raw data is available (loadFromFiles path), use it directly
+        // Chart files — parse natively before the passthrough catch-all
+        const chartNumber = getChartNumberFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartNumber !== undefined) {
+            await this._processChartEntry(stream, model, chartNumber, rawData);
+            return true;
+        }
+        const chartRelsNumber = getChartNumberFromRelsPath(entryName);
+        if (chartRelsNumber !== undefined) {
+            await this._processChartRelsEntry(stream, model, chartRelsNumber);
+            return true;
+        }
+        const chartStyleNumber = getChartStyleNumberFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartStyleNumber !== undefined) {
             if (rawData) {
-                model.passthrough[entryName] = rawData;
+                model.chartStyles[chartStyleNumber] = rawData;
             }
             else {
-                await this._processPassthroughEntry(stream, model, entryName);
+                await this._processChartStyleEntry(stream, model, chartStyleNumber);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        const chartColorsNumber = getChartColorsNumberFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartColorsNumber !== undefined) {
+            if (rawData) {
+                model.chartColors[chartColorsNumber] = rawData;
+            }
+            else {
+                await this._processChartColorsEntry(stream, model, chartColorsNumber);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        const chartExStyleNumber = getChartExStyleNumberFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartExStyleNumber !== undefined) {
+            model.chartExStyles[chartExStyleNumber] = rawData ?? (await this.collectStreamData(stream));
+            return true;
+        }
+        const chartExColorsNumber = getChartExColorsNumberFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartExColorsNumber !== undefined) {
+            model.chartExColors[chartExColorsNumber] = rawData ?? (await this.collectStreamData(stream));
+            return true;
+        }
+        // ChartEx files (Office 2016+ extended charts) — raw bytes plus best-effort structured model
+        const chartExNumber = getChartExNumberFromPath(entryName);
+        if (chartExNumber !== undefined) {
+            const data = rawData ?? (await this.collectStreamData(stream));
+            const rawXml = this.bufferToString(data);
+            model.chartExEntries[chartExNumber] = data;
+            try {
+                const parsed = getChartSupport().parseChartEx(rawXml);
+                model.chartExStructuredEntries[chartExNumber] = {
+                    chartExNumber,
+                    model: parsed,
+                    rawData: data,
+                    modelSnapshot: snapshotChartModel(parsed)
+                };
+            }
+            catch {
+                // Keep legacy-safe passthrough if a third-party chartEx part is not parseable.
             }
             return true;
         }
+        const chartExRelsNumber = getChartExNumberFromRelsPath(entryName);
+        if (chartExRelsNumber !== undefined) {
+            const relsXform = new RelationshipsXform();
+            const relationships = await relsXform.parseStream(stream);
+            model.chartExRels[chartExRelsNumber] = relationships;
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Raw-passthrough catch-all for Office 2010+ slicer/timeline
+        // dashboard controls and their associated rels. excelts does not
+        // model these structurally yet; capturing the bytes here prevents
+        // silent data loss on round-trip when a dashboard workbook comes
+        // through. Same idea covers the two-level rels files produced by
+        // Excel (the `_rels` subfolder sits next to each part).
+        if (/^xl\/slicers\/slicer\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/slicerCaches\/slicerCache\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/timelines\/timeline\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/timelineCaches\/timelineCache\d+\.xml$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/slicers\/_rels\/slicer\d+\.xml\.rels$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/slicerCaches\/_rels\/slicerCache\d+\.xml\.rels$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/timelines\/_rels\/timeline\d+\.xml\.rels$/.test(entryName) ||
+            /^xl\/timelineCaches\/_rels\/timelineCache\d+\.xml\.rels$/.test(entryName)) {
+            const targetMap = entryName.startsWith("xl/slicers/") && !entryName.includes("/_rels/")
+                ? (model.slicerParts ?? (model.slicerParts = {}))
+                : entryName.startsWith("xl/slicerCaches/") && !entryName.includes("/_rels/")
+                    ? (model.slicerCacheParts ?? (model.slicerCacheParts = {}))
+                    : entryName.startsWith("xl/timelines/") && !entryName.includes("/_rels/")
+                        ? (model.timelineParts ?? (model.timelineParts = {}))
+                        : entryName.startsWith("xl/timelineCaches/") && !entryName.includes("/_rels/")
+                            ? (model.timelineCacheParts ?? (model.timelineCacheParts = {}))
+                            : entryName.startsWith("xl/slicers/_rels/")
+                                ? (model.slicerParts ?? (model.slicerParts = {}))
+                                : entryName.startsWith("xl/slicerCaches/_rels/")
+                                    ? (model.slicerCacheParts ?? (model.slicerCacheParts = {}))
+                                    : entryName.startsWith("xl/timelines/_rels/")
+                                        ? (model.timelineParts ?? (model.timelineParts = {}))
+                                        : (model.timelineCacheParts ?? (model.timelineCacheParts = {}));
+            targetMap[entryName] = rawData ?? (await this.collectStreamData(stream));
+            return true;
+        }
         return false;
     }
-    /**
-     * Store a passthrough file for preservation during read/write cycles.
-     * These files are not parsed but stored as raw bytes to be written back unchanged.
-     */
-    async _processPassthroughEntry(stream, model, entryName) {
-        const data = await this.collectStreamData(stream);
-        model.passthrough[entryName] = data;
-    }
     // ===========================================================================
     // Write methods - shared by all platforms
     // ===========================================================================
@@ -1454,6 +5336,16 @@ class XLSX {
                 Target: OOXML_REL_TARGETS.workbookMetadata
             });
         }
+        // Office 365 threaded comments need a workbook-level person
+        // directory. The rel Target is `persons/person.xml` (relative to
+        // the xl/ workbook home, matching how Excel writes it).
+        if (model.hasPersons) {
+            relationships.push({
+                Id: `rId${count++}`,
+                Type: XLSX.RelType.Person,
+                Target: "persons/person.xml"
+            });
+        }
         // R9-B6: Deduplicate pivot cache relationships by cacheId. When multiple pivot
         // tables share the same cache, only one workbook relationship should be created.
         // Also assigns rId to each pivot table (R9-B7: typed on PivotTable interface).
@@ -1483,6 +5375,15 @@ class XLSX {
                 Target: worksheetRelTarget(worksheet.fileIndex)
             });
         });
+        // Add chartsheet relationships
+        (model.chartsheets || []).forEach((cs) => {
+            cs.rId = `rId${count++}`;
+            relationships.push({
+                Id: cs.rId,
+                Type: RelType.Chartsheet,
+                Target: `chartsheets/sheet${cs.sheetNo}.xml`
+            });
+        });
         // External workbook link rels are written AFTER worksheets on purpose:
         // Excel tolerates either order, but stable ordering (worksheets then
         // externalLinks) keeps the emitted workbook.xml.rels diff-friendly for
@@ -1554,6 +5455,16 @@ class XLSX {
             if (worksheet.comments.length > 0) {
                 await this._renderToZip(zip, commentsPath(fileIndex), commentsXform, worksheet);
             }
+            // Office 365 threaded comments sit in their own part tree
+            // alongside classic VML comments. Written straight from the
+            // structured model without going through an xform instance —
+            // the payload is small and the shape maps 1:1 onto the output.
+            if (worksheet.threadedComments && worksheet.threadedComments.length > 0) {
+                const xml = renderThreadedComments(worksheet.threadedComments);
+                zip.append(xml, {
+                    name: `xl/threadedComments/threadedComment${fileIndex}.xml`
+                });
+            }
             // Generate unified VML drawing (contains both notes and form controls)
             const hasComments = worksheet.comments.length > 0;
             const hasFormControls = worksheet.formControls && worksheet.formControls.length > 0;
@@ -1600,31 +5511,367 @@ class XLSX {
             }
         }
     }
+    async addChartsheets(zip, model) {
+        const chartsheetXform = new ChartsheetXform();
+        const relsXform = new RelationshipsXform();
+        const vmlDrawingXform = new VmlDrawingXform();
+        // Track VML drawing zip paths we re-emit for chartsheets so we
+        // don't accidentally write the same VML part twice when a single
+        // VML file is referenced by multiple chartsheets. Writing a ZIP
+        // entry twice produces a package with duplicate central-directory
+        // entries — most consumers tolerate it (reading the last), but
+        // validators flag it and `unzip -l` shows the duplication.
+        const emittedVmlPaths = new Set();
+        for (const cs of model.chartsheets || []) {
+            await this._renderToZip(zip, chartsheetPath(cs.sheetNo), chartsheetXform, cs);
+            // Chartsheet rels. A chartsheet may carry rels beyond the
+            // drawing reference — `legacyDrawing`, `legacyDrawingHF`,
+            // `drawingHF`, `picture`, etc. — and those rels are referenced
+            // by `r:id` attributes inside the raw-captured `rawChildren`
+            // blocks. If we only emit the drawing rel (the previous
+            // implementation), every other r:id goes dangling at save,
+            // corrupting the package.
+            //
+            // Strategy:
+            //   1. Start with the preserved `relationships` list from load
+            //      (missing for newly-created chartsheets).
+            //   2. Overlay / insert the current drawing rel — the drawing
+            //      target may have been rewritten (e.g. chartsheet renamed
+            //      or its drawing renumbered) so we replace any prior
+            //      entry with the same Id.
+            const baseRels = Array.isArray(cs.relationships) ? [...cs.relationships] : [];
+            if (cs.drawing) {
+                const drawingRel = {
+                    Id: cs.drawing.rId,
+                    Type: "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/drawing",
+                    Target: `../drawings/${cs.drawingName}.xml`
+                };
+                const existingIdx = baseRels.findIndex((r) => r?.Id === cs.drawing.rId);
+                if (existingIdx >= 0) {
+                    baseRels[existingIdx] = drawingRel;
+                }
+                else {
+                    baseRels.push(drawingRel);
+                }
+            }
+            if (baseRels.length > 0) {
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, chartsheetRelsPath(cs.sheetNo), relsXform, baseRels);
+            }
+            // Re-emit any VML drawing parts this chartsheet's rels reference.
+            // The worksheet loop only emits VML for worksheets that own
+            // comments / form controls / header images; a chartsheet that
+            // carries its own `<legacyDrawing r:id="…"/>` would preserve its
+            // rel target on write but leave the VML body missing from the
+            // package — a dangling relationship. Walk the chartsheet's rels,
+            // resolve each VML target against the chartsheet path, and emit
+            // the parsed body captured at load time.
+            if (model.vmlDrawings) {
+                const baseDir = `xl/chartsheets/`;
+                for (const rel of baseRels) {
+                    if (rel?.Type !== RelType.VmlDrawing || !rel.Target) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const vmlPath = resolveRelTarget(baseDir, rel.Target);
+                    if (emittedVmlPaths.has(vmlPath)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const vmlModel = model.vmlDrawings[vmlPath];
+                    if (!vmlModel) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    emittedVmlPaths.add(vmlPath);
+                    await this._renderToZip(zip, vmlPath, vmlDrawingXform, vmlModel);
+                    // `prepareChartsheets` already flipped `model.hasChartsheetVml`
+                    // before content-types was written, so no further signalling
+                    // is needed here.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     async addDrawings(zip, model) {
         const drawingXform = new DrawingXform();
         const relsXform = new RelationshipsXform();
-        const rawDrawings = model.rawDrawings || {};
         for (const worksheet of model.worksheets) {
             const { drawing } = worksheet;
             if (drawing) {
-                // Check if drawing rels contain chart references using helper
-                const hasChartReference = this.drawingHasChartReference(drawing);
-                if (hasChartReference && rawDrawings[drawing.name]) {
-                    // Use raw data for drawings with chart references (passthrough)
-                    zip.append(rawDrawings[drawing.name], { name: drawingPath(drawing.name) });
+                const filteredAnchors = filterDrawingAnchors(drawing.anchors ?? []);
+                const drawingForWrite = drawing.anchors
+                    ? { ...drawing, anchors: filteredAnchors }
+                    : drawing;
+                drawingXform.prepare(drawingForWrite);
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, drawingPath(drawing.name), drawingXform, drawingForWrite);
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, drawingRelsPath(drawing.name), relsXform, drawing.rels);
+            }
+        }
+        // Chartsheet drawings — each chartsheet references a drawing
+        // containing a single chart that fills the entire sheet. Unlike
+        // worksheet-embedded charts (where a `<xdr:twoCellAnchor>` with
+        // `<xdr:from>/<xdr:to>` cell references pins the chart to a
+        // rectangle of cells, whose dimensions Excel computes from the
+        // sheet's column widths and row heights), a chartsheet has no
+        // cell grid — its `sheetData` is empty. A cell-based anchor on
+        // a chartsheet therefore resolves to a 0×0 rectangle and Excel
+        // renders an empty white canvas instead of the chart.
+        //
+        // Excel's own output for chartsheet drawings uses
+        // `<xdr:absoluteAnchor>` with concrete EMU `pos`/`ext` values
+        // (≈ 10.84″ × 6.67″ — standard A4 landscape minus default
+        // margins), AND repeats the same `<a:ext>` on the inner
+        // `<xdr:graphicFrame>/<xdr:xfrm>` so both the anchor-level and
+        // frame-level sizes are non-zero. Omitting either produces the
+        // blank-canvas rendering bug users see. We emit the same byte
+        // layout here verbatim rather than route through `DrawingXform`,
+        // which is tuned for the worksheet twoCellAnchor case.
+        const CHARTSHEET_EMU_CX = 9906000; // ≈ 10.84 inches
+        const CHARTSHEET_EMU_CY = 6096000; // ≈  6.67 inches
+        for (const cs of model.chartsheets || []) {
+            if (cs.drawingName && (cs.chartNumber || cs.chartExNumber)) {
+                const chartRId = "rId1";
+                const isChartEx = !cs.chartNumber && !!cs.chartExNumber;
+                const chartName = isChartEx ? `Chart ${cs.chartExNumber}` : `Chart ${cs.chartNumber}`;
+                const drawingXml = renderChartsheetDrawingXml({
+                    chartRId,
+                    chartName,
+                    isChartEx,
+                    extCx: CHARTSHEET_EMU_CX,
+                    extCy: CHARTSHEET_EMU_CY
+                });
+                const drawingRels = [
+                    {
+                        Id: chartRId,
+                        Type: isChartEx ? RelType.ChartEx : RelType.Chart,
+                        Target: isChartEx
+                            ? chartExRelTargetFromDrawing(cs.chartExNumber)
+                            : chartRelTargetFromDrawing(cs.chartNumber)
+                    }
+                ];
+                zip.append(drawingXml, { name: drawingPath(cs.drawingName) });
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, drawingRelsPath(cs.drawingName), relsXform, drawingRels);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    async addCharts(zip, model, strictTemplateMode = false) {
+        const relsXform = new RelationshipsXform();
+        for (const [n, chartEntry] of Object.entries(model.chartEntries || {})) {
+            if (shouldPassthroughChartEntry(chartEntry)) {
+                zip.append(chartEntry.rawData, { name: chartPath(n) });
+            }
+            else {
+                const requireRawPatch = shouldRequireChartRawPatch(chartEntry, strictTemplateMode);
+                const patched = tryPatchChartRawXml(chartEntry, requireRawPatch);
+                if (patched) {
+                    zip.append(patched, { name: chartPath(n) });
                 }
                 else {
-                    // Use regenerated XML for normal drawings (images, shapes)
-                    const filteredAnchors = filterDrawingAnchors(drawing.anchors ?? []);
-                    const drawingForWrite = drawing.anchors
-                        ? { ...drawing, anchors: filteredAnchors }
-                        : drawing;
-                    drawingXform.prepare(drawingForWrite);
-                    await this._renderToZip(zip, drawingPath(drawing.name), drawingXform, drawingForWrite);
+                    if (requireRawPatch) {
+                        throw new ChartOptionsError(buildChartStrictFailureMessage(n, chartEntry.model));
+                    }
+                    // Render via buffered path so we can splice preserved leading
+                    // XML comments (e.g. vendor provenance markers) from the
+                    // original raw bytes back in front of `<c:chart>`. The SAX-
+                    // backed xform parser drops `comment` events so the
+                    // structured model has no memory of them.
+                    const buffered = renderChartWithLeadingComments(chartEntry, getChartSupport().createChartSpaceXform());
+                    zip.append(buffered, { name: chartPath(n) });
                 }
-                await this._renderToZip(zip, drawingRelsPath(drawing.name), relsXform, drawing.rels);
             }
+            // Write chart style (raw bytes)
+            if (model.chartStyles?.[n]) {
+                zip.append(model.chartStyles[n], { name: chartStylePath(n) });
+            }
+            // Write chart colors (raw bytes)
+            if (model.chartColors?.[n]) {
+                zip.append(model.chartColors[n], { name: chartColorsPath(n) });
+            }
+            // Build chart rels
+            const rels = [];
+            // Collect original rels first (excluding style/colors which we regenerate)
+            // We keep their original Ids to avoid breaking r:id references inside chart XML
+            const originalRels = model.chartRels?.[n];
+            const usedIds = new Set();
+            if (Array.isArray(originalRels)) {
+                for (const rel of originalRels) {
+                    if (rel.Type !== RelType.ChartStyle && rel.Type !== RelType.ChartColors) {
+                        rels.push(rel);
+                        usedIds.add(rel.Id);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Fold in rels allocated during chart registration — notably the
+            // image relationships added by `resolvePendingChartImages` for
+            // `pictureFill.image`. The chart XML already embeds the `r:id`
+            // assigned during registration, so we must preserve those ids
+            // verbatim (don't rewrite) and only skip duplicates that were
+            // already round-tripped through `originalRels`.
+            const entryRels = chartEntry.rels;
+            if (Array.isArray(entryRels)) {
+                for (const rel of entryRels) {
+                    if (!rel?.Id || usedIds.has(rel.Id)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    rels.push(rel);
+                    usedIds.add(rel.Id);
+                }
+            }
+            // Allocate new rIds for style/colors that don't conflict with existing ones
+            let rIdCount = 1;
+            const nextRId = () => {
+                let id = `rId${rIdCount++}`;
+                while (usedIds.has(id)) {
+                    id = `rId${rIdCount++}`;
+                }
+                usedIds.add(id);
+                return id;
+            };
+            // Add style rel if style exists
+            if (model.chartStyles?.[n]) {
+                rels.push({
+                    Id: nextRId(),
+                    Type: RelType.ChartStyle,
+                    Target: chartStyleRelTarget(n)
+                });
+            }
+            // Add colors rel if colors exist
+            if (model.chartColors?.[n]) {
+                rels.push({
+                    Id: nextRId(),
+                    Type: RelType.ChartColors,
+                    Target: chartColorsRelTarget(n)
+                });
+            }
+            // Write c:userShapes overlay drawing part — preserves annotation
+            // shapes attached to the chart. Bytes can come from a loaded file
+            // (captured onto `chartEntry.userShapesXml` by
+            // `_reconcileChartUserShapes`) or from a programmatic call to
+            // `Chart.setUserShapesXml`. We always emit the bytes at a canonical
+            // path (`xl/drawings/chartUserShape{n}.xml`) and rewrite the rel
+            // Target accordingly so the chart XML's existing `r:id` still
+            // resolves.
+            if (chartEntry.userShapesXml) {
+                zip.append(chartEntry.userShapesXml, { name: chartUserShapesPath(n) });
+                const targetPath = chartUserShapesRelTarget(n);
+                const existingRel = rels.find(r => r?.Type === RelType.ChartUserShapes);
+                if (existingRel) {
+                    existingRel.Target = targetPath;
+                }
+                else {
+                    // No existing rel — allocate one, preferring the r:id the model
+                    // already embeds in `<c:userShapes r:id="…"/>` so the chart XML
+                    // doesn't need a rewrite.
+                    const relId = chartEntry.model.userShapesRelId ?? nextRId();
+                    usedIds.add(relId);
+                    rels.push({ Id: relId, Type: RelType.ChartUserShapes, Target: targetPath });
+                }
+            }
+            // Write chart rels if any
+            if (rels.length > 0) {
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, chartRelsPath(n), relsXform, rels);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    async addChartExEntries(zip, model, strictTemplateMode = false) {
+        const relsXform = new RelationshipsXform();
+        const rawEntries = model.chartExEntries || {};
+        const structured = (model.chartExStructuredEntries ?? {});
+        const written = new Set();
+        // 1. Loaded chartEx entries — byte-preserve while clean, render structured XML once edited.
+        for (const [n, rawBytes] of Object.entries(rawEntries)) {
+            const structuredEntry = structured[n];
+            if (structuredEntry && !shouldPassthroughChartExEntry(structuredEntry)) {
+                const requireRawPatch = shouldRequireChartExRawPatch(structuredEntry, strictTemplateMode);
+                const patched = tryPatchChartExRawXml(structuredEntry, requireRawPatch);
+                if (patched) {
+                    zip.append(patched, { name: chartExPath(n) });
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (requireRawPatch) {
+                        throw new ChartOptionsError(buildChartExStrictFailureMessage(n, structuredEntry.model));
+                    }
+                    const renderedXml = getChartSupport().renderChartEx(stripChartExRawXml(structuredEntry.model));
+                    // Splice preserved leading XML comments from original raw
+                    // bytes back in front of `<cx:chart>`. The chartEx parser
+                    // calls `parseXml(...)` without `{ comments: true }` so the
+                    // structured model has no memory of them.
+                    const originalRawXml = rawBytes
+                        ? new TextDecoder().decode(rawBytes)
+                        : structuredEntry.model.rawXml;
+                    const finalXml = spliceChartExLeadingComments(renderedXml, originalRawXml);
+                    zip.append(finalXml, {
+                        name: chartExPath(n)
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                zip.append(rawBytes, { name: chartExPath(n) });
+            }
+            written.add(n);
+            // Write chartEx rels if present
+            const rels = model.chartExRels?.[n];
+            const chartExRels = this._buildChartExRels(n, rels, model);
+            if (chartExRels.length > 0) {
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, chartExRelsPath(n), relsXform, chartExRels);
+            }
+            this._appendChartExSidecars(zip, model, n, structuredEntry);
+        }
+        // 2. Structured chartEx entries — built programmatically via addChartEx()
+        for (const [n, entry] of Object.entries(structured)) {
+            if (written.has(n)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Data-ref → `_xlchart.vN.M` defined-name rewrite has already
+            // run in `prepareChartExSidecars` so the model's formulas now
+            // point at hidden names and the cached `<cx:lvl>` levels have
+            // been cleared. Force structural rebuild to pick up the
+            // mutated model (any stale `rawXml` from earlier mutations
+            // would mask the rewrite).
+            const xml = getChartSupport().renderChartEx(entry.model, { forceStructural: true });
+            zip.append(xml, { name: chartExPath(n) });
+            this._appendChartExSidecars(zip, model, n, entry);
+            const chartExRels = this._buildChartExRels(n, entry.rels, model, entry);
+            if (chartExRels.length > 0) {
+                await this._renderToZip(zip, chartExRelsPath(n), relsXform, chartExRels);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    _appendChartExSidecars(zip, model, n, entry) {
+        if (entry?.model.style) {
+            zip.append(new TextEncoder().encode(getChartSupport().buildChartStyle(entry.model.style)), {
+                name: chartExStylePath(n)
+            });
+        }
+        else if (model.chartExStyles?.[n]) {
+            zip.append(model.chartExStyles[n], { name: chartExStylePath(n) });
+        }
+        if (entry?.model.colors) {
+            zip.append(new TextEncoder().encode(getChartSupport().buildChartColors(entry.model.colors)), {
+                name: chartExColorsPath(n)
+            });
+        }
+        else if (model.chartExColors?.[n]) {
+            zip.append(model.chartExColors[n], { name: chartExColorsPath(n) });
+        }
+    }
+    _buildChartExRels(n, existing, model, entry) {
+        const rels = Array.isArray(existing) ? [...existing] : [];
+        const usedIds = new Set(rels.map(rel => rel.Id));
+        const nextRId = () => {
+            let i = 1;
+            while (usedIds.has(`rId${i}`)) {
+                i++;
+            }
+            const id = `rId${i}`;
+            usedIds.add(id);
+            return id;
+        };
+        const hasStyle = !!(model.chartExStyles?.[n] || entry?.model.style);
+        const hasColors = !!(model.chartExColors?.[n] || entry?.model.colors);
+        if (hasStyle && !rels.some(rel => rel.Type === RelType.ChartStyle)) {
+            rels.push({ Id: nextRId(), Type: RelType.ChartStyle, Target: chartExStyleRelTarget(n) });
         }
+        if (hasColors && !rels.some(rel => rel.Type === RelType.ChartColors)) {
+            rels.push({ Id: nextRId(), Type: RelType.ChartColors, Target: chartExColorsRelTarget(n) });
+        }
+        return rels;
     }
     async addTables(zip, model) {
         const tableXform = new TableXform();
@@ -1646,7 +5893,7 @@ class XLSX {
      * relative** `Target` whenever the user supplied one. This is the single
      * line that makes Office / WPS resolve the referenced workbook relative
      * to the current file's directory (not the `%USERPROFILE%\Documents`
-     * fallback) — the root of the behaviour reported in exceljs#3039.
+     * fallback) — the root of the relative-path external-link behaviour.
      */
     async addExternalLinks(zip, model) {
         const externalLinks = (model.externalLinks ?? []);
@@ -1670,15 +5917,6 @@ class XLSX {
             ]);
         }
     }
-    /**
-     * Write passthrough files (charts, etc.) that were preserved during read.
-     * These files are written back unchanged to preserve unsupported features.
-     */
-    addPassthrough(zip, model) {
-        const passthroughManager = new PassthroughManager();
-        passthroughManager.fromRecord(model.passthrough || {});
-        passthroughManager.writeToZip(zip);
-    }
     async addPivotTables(zip, model) {
         if (!model.pivotTables.length) {
             return;
@@ -1785,6 +6023,20 @@ class XLSX {
         worksheetOptions.drawings = model.drawings = [];
         worksheetOptions.commentRefs = model.commentRefs = [];
         worksheetOptions.formControlRefs = model.formControlRefs = [];
+        // Collect the list of worksheets that carry Office 365 threaded
+        // comments so the Content Types override list can include them
+        // and the ZIP writer knows which per-sheet parts to emit. Sheets
+        // with zero threaded comments are skipped entirely — Excel treats
+        // a missing part as "no threaded comments on this sheet".
+        model.threadedCommentSheetIds = [];
+        model.hasPersons = (model.persons?.length ?? 0) > 0;
+        // Raw-passthrough parts captured on load. The Content-Types
+        // override list and the content-types writer need these path
+        // lists so the emitted bytes are registered in the package.
+        model.slicerPartPaths = Object.keys(model.slicerParts ?? {}).filter(p => !p.includes("/_rels/"));
+        model.slicerCachePartPaths = Object.keys(model.slicerCacheParts ?? {}).filter(p => !p.includes("/_rels/"));
+        model.timelinePartPaths = Object.keys(model.timelineParts ?? {}).filter(p => !p.includes("/_rels/"));
+        model.timelineCachePartPaths = Object.keys(model.timelineCacheParts ?? {}).filter(p => !p.includes("/_rels/"));
         model.hasHeaderWatermark = false;
         let tableCount = 0;
         model.tables = [];
@@ -1812,6 +6064,11 @@ class XLSX {
                 model.tables.push(table);
             });
             worksheetXform.prepare(worksheet, worksheetOptions);
+            // Register sheets that carry threaded comments so the Content
+            // Types override list and the zip emission loop find them.
+            if (worksheet.threadedComments && worksheet.threadedComments.length > 0) {
+                model.threadedCommentSheetIds.push(worksheet.fileIndex);
+            }
         });
         // ContentTypesXform expects this flag
         model.hasCheckboxes = model.styles.hasCheckboxes;
@@ -1833,11 +6090,98 @@ class XLSX {
         if (worksheetOptions.hasHeaderWatermark) {
             model.hasHeaderWatermark = true;
         }
-        // Build passthroughContentTypes for ContentTypesXform using PassthroughManager
-        const passthrough = model.passthrough || {};
-        const passthroughManager = new PassthroughManager();
-        passthroughManager.fromRecord(passthrough);
-        model.passthroughContentTypes = passthroughManager.getContentTypes();
+    }
+    prepareChartExSidecars(model) {
+        const structured = (model.chartExStructuredEntries ?? {});
+        for (const [n, entry] of Object.entries(structured)) {
+            // Excel 2016+ requires chartEx `<cx:f>` to reference hidden
+            // `_xlchart.vN.M` defined names, NOT direct worksheet ranges.
+            // Walk the model and rewrite data refs BEFORE workbook.xml is
+            // serialised so the newly-registered defined names end up in
+            // `<definedNames>`. See `rewriteChartExDataRefsToDefinedNames`
+            // for the full rationale.
+            const chartExIndex = parseInt(n, 10);
+            if (Number.isFinite(chartExIndex) &&
+                model.definedNamesInstance &&
+                typeof model.definedNamesInstance.addHidden === "function") {
+                getChartSupport().rewriteChartExDataRefsToDefinedNames(entry.model, chartExIndex, (name, ref) => {
+                    model.definedNamesInstance.addHidden(ref, name);
+                });
+                // Re-materialise the array snapshot so addWorkbook picks up the
+                // new hidden `_xlchart.*` names. `definedNames` in the write
+                // model is the serialised form (array); the rewrite added
+                // entries to the live `DefinedNames` instance on the workbook.
+                model.definedNames = model.definedNamesInstance.model;
+            }
+            if (entry.model.style && !model.chartExStyles?.[n]) {
+                model.chartExStyles ?? (model.chartExStyles = {});
+                model.chartExStyles[n] = new TextEncoder().encode(getChartSupport().buildChartStyle(entry.model.style));
+            }
+            if (entry.model.colors && !model.chartExColors?.[n]) {
+                model.chartExColors ?? (model.chartExColors = {});
+                model.chartExColors[n] = new TextEncoder().encode(getChartSupport().buildChartColors(entry.model.colors));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    prepareChartsheets(model) {
+        if (!model.chartsheets || model.chartsheets.length === 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const usedDrawingNumbers = new Set();
+        for (const drawing of model.drawings ?? []) {
+            const match = /^drawing(\d+)$/.exec(drawing.name ?? "");
+            if (match) {
+                usedDrawingNumbers.add(parseInt(match[1], 10));
+            }
+        }
+        for (const cs of model.chartsheets) {
+            const existingMatch = /^drawing(\d+)$/.exec(cs.drawingName ?? "");
+            if (existingMatch) {
+                usedDrawingNumbers.add(parseInt(existingMatch[1], 10));
+            }
+        }
+        const nextDrawingName = () => {
+            let n = 1;
+            while (usedDrawingNumbers.has(n)) {
+                n++;
+            }
+            usedDrawingNumbers.add(n);
+            return `drawing${n}`;
+        };
+        for (const cs of model.chartsheets) {
+            if (!cs.drawingName) {
+                cs.drawingName = nextDrawingName();
+            }
+            if (!cs.drawing) {
+                cs.drawing = { rId: "rId1" };
+            }
+            if (!model.drawings.some((drawing) => drawing.name === cs.drawingName)) {
+                model.drawings.push({ name: cs.drawingName });
+            }
+        }
+        // Signal the content-types writer that the `Default Extension="vml"`
+        // declaration is required when ANY chartsheet carries a VML
+        // relationship (e.g. `<legacyDrawing r:id="…"/>` referencing a
+        // preserved `xl/drawings/vmlDrawing*.vml` part). Previously the
+        // flag was only set inside `addChartsheets`, which runs AFTER
+        // `addContentTypes` — so a chartsheet-only VML dependency silently
+        // shipped without its content-type declaration, and Excel refused
+        // to open the resulting package. Compute it here, during `prepare`,
+        // before any part is written.
+        if (model.vmlDrawings) {
+            for (const cs of model.chartsheets) {
+                if (!Array.isArray(cs.relationships)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const hasVmlRel = cs.relationships.some((rel) => rel?.Type === RelType.VmlDrawing &&
+                    typeof rel.Target === "string" &&
+                    model.vmlDrawings[resolveRelTarget("xl/chartsheets/", rel.Target)] !== undefined);
+                if (hasVmlRel) {
+                    model.hasChartsheetVml = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 XLSX.RelType = RelType;