@aztec/validator-client 0.0.1-commit.1142ef1 → 0.0.1-commit.125b3452

package/src/validator.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 import type { BlobClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-client/client';
 import { type Blob, getBlobsPerL1Block } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
 import type { EpochCache } from '@aztec/epoch-cache';
-import { BlockNumber, CheckpointNumber, EpochNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { validateFeeAssetPriceModifier } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
+import {
+  BlockNumber,
+  CheckpointNumber,
+  EpochNumber,
+  IndexWithinCheckpoint,
+  SlotNumber,
+} from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { TimeoutError } from '@aztec/foundation/error';
 import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
@@ -12,30 +19,36 @@ import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/running-promise';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import type { KeystoreManager } from '@aztec/node-keystore';
-import type { P2P, PeerId, TxProvider } from '@aztec/p2p';
+import type { DuplicateAttestationInfo, DuplicateProposalInfo, P2P, PeerId } from '@aztec/p2p';
 import { AuthRequest, AuthResponse, BlockProposalValidator, ReqRespSubProtocol } from '@aztec/p2p';
 import { OffenseType, WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, type Watcher, type WatcherEmitter } from '@aztec/slasher';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
-import type { CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners, L2BlockNew, L2BlockSink, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import type { CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners, L2Block, L2BlockSink, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { validateCheckpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
+import { getEpochAtSlot, getTimestampForSlot } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 import type {
   CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData,
+  ITxProvider,
   Validator,
   ValidatorClientFullConfig,
   WorldStateSynchronizer,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
-import type { L1ToL2MessageSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
-import type {
-  BlockProposal,
-  BlockProposalOptions,
-  CheckpointAttestation,
-  CheckpointProposalCore,
-  CheckpointProposalOptions,
+import { type L1ToL2MessageSource, accumulateCheckpointOutHashes } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
+import {
+  type BlockProposal,
+  type BlockProposalOptions,
+  type CheckpointAttestation,
+  CheckpointProposal,
+  type CheckpointProposalCore,
+  type CheckpointProposalOptions,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
-import { CheckpointProposal } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
 import type { CheckpointHeader } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
 import type { BlockHeader, CheckpointGlobalVariables, Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { AttestationTimeoutError } from '@aztec/stdlib/validators';
 import { type TelemetryClient, type Tracer, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
+import { createHASigner, createLocalSignerWithProtection } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/factory';
+import { DutyType, type SigningContext } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/types';
+import type { ValidatorHASigner } from '@aztec/validator-ha-signer/validator-ha-signer';
 
 import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
 import type { TypedDataDefinition } from 'viem';
@@ -43,6 +56,8 @@ import type { TypedDataDefinition } from 'viem';
 import { BlockProposalHandler, type BlockProposalValidationFailureReason } from './block_proposal_handler.js';
 import type { FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder } from './checkpoint_builder.js';
 import { ValidationService } from './duties/validation_service.js';
+import { HAKeyStore } from './key_store/ha_key_store.js';
+import type { ExtendedValidatorKeyStore } from './key_store/interface.js';
 import { NodeKeystoreAdapter } from './key_store/node_keystore_adapter.js';
 import { ValidatorMetrics } from './metrics.js';
 
@@ -64,25 +79,27 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   private validationService: ValidationService;
   private metrics: ValidatorMetrics;
   private log: Logger;
-
   // Whether it has already registered handlers on the p2p client
   private hasRegisteredHandlers = false;
 
-  // Used to check if we are sending the same proposal twice
-  private previousProposal?: BlockProposal;
+  /** Tracks the last block proposal we created, to detect duplicate proposal attempts. */
+  private lastProposedBlock?: BlockProposal;
+
+  /** Tracks the last checkpoint proposal we created. */
+  private lastProposedCheckpoint?: CheckpointProposal;
 
   private lastEpochForCommitteeUpdateLoop: EpochNumber | undefined;
   private epochCacheUpdateLoop: RunningPromise;
+  /** Tracks the last epoch in which each attester successfully submitted at least one attestation. */
+  private lastAttestedEpochByAttester: Map<string, EpochNumber> = new Map();
 
   private proposersOfInvalidBlocks: Set<string> = new Set();
 
-  // TODO(palla/mbps): Remove this once checkpoint validation is stable and we can validate all blocks properly.
-  // Tracks slots for which we have successfully validated a block proposal, so we can attest to checkpoint proposals for those slots.
-  // eslint-disable-next-line aztec-custom/no-non-primitive-in-collections
-  private validatedBlockSlots: Set<SlotNumber> = new Set();
+  /** Tracks the last checkpoint proposal we attested to, to prevent equivocation. */
+  private lastAttestedProposal?: CheckpointProposalCore;
 
   protected constructor(
-    private keyStore: NodeKeystoreAdapter,
+    private keyStore: ExtendedValidatorKeyStore,
     private epochCache: EpochCache,
     private p2pClient: P2P,
     private blockProposalHandler: BlockProposalHandler,
@@ -92,6 +109,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     private l1ToL2MessageSource: L1ToL2MessageSource,
     private config: ValidatorClientFullConfig,
     private blobClient: BlobClientInterface,
+    private slashingProtectionSigner: ValidatorHASigner,
     private dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
     telemetry: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
     log = createLogger('validator'),
@@ -145,6 +163,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         this.log.trace(`No committee found for slot`);
         return;
       }
+      this.metrics.setCurrentEpoch(epoch);
       if (epoch !== this.lastEpochForCommitteeUpdateLoop) {
         const me = this.getValidatorAddresses();
         const committeeSet = new Set(committee.map(v => v.toString()));
@@ -165,7 +184,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
   }
 
-  static new(
+  static async new(
     config: ValidatorClientFullConfig,
     checkpointsBuilder: FullNodeCheckpointsBuilder,
     worldState: WorldStateSynchronizer,
@@ -173,7 +192,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     p2pClient: P2P,
     blockSource: L2BlockSource & L2BlockSink,
     l1ToL2MessageSource: L1ToL2MessageSource,
-    txProvider: TxProvider,
+    txProvider: ITxProvider,
     keyStoreManager: KeystoreManager,
     blobClient: BlobClientInterface,
     dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
@@ -182,6 +201,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     const metrics = new ValidatorMetrics(telemetry);
     const blockProposalValidator = new BlockProposalValidator(epochCache, {
       txsPermitted: !config.disableTransactions,
+      maxTxsPerBlock: config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
     });
     const blockProposalHandler = new BlockProposalHandler(
       checkpointsBuilder,
@@ -190,14 +210,38 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       l1ToL2MessageSource,
       txProvider,
       blockProposalValidator,
+      epochCache,
       config,
       metrics,
       dateProvider,
       telemetry,
     );
 
+    const nodeKeystoreAdapter = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(keyStoreManager);
+    let slashingProtectionSigner: ValidatorHASigner;
+    if (config.haSigningEnabled) {
+      // Multi-node HA mode: use PostgreSQL-backed distributed locking.
+      // If maxStuckDutiesAgeMs is not explicitly set, compute it from Aztec slot duration
+      const haConfig = {
+        ...config,
+        maxStuckDutiesAgeMs: config.maxStuckDutiesAgeMs ?? epochCache.getL1Constants().slotDuration * 2 * 1000,
+      };
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = await createHASigner(haConfig, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
+    } else {
+      // Single-node mode: use LMDB-backed local signing protection.
+      // This prevents double-signing if the node crashes and restarts mid-proposal.
+      ({ signer: slashingProtectionSigner } = await createLocalSignerWithProtection(config, {
+        telemetryClient: telemetry,
+        dateProvider,
+      }));
+    }
+    const validatorKeyStore: ExtendedValidatorKeyStore = new HAKeyStore(nodeKeystoreAdapter, slashingProtectionSigner);
+
     const validator = new ValidatorClient(
-      NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(keyStoreManager),
+      validatorKeyStore,
       epochCache,
       p2pClient,
       blockProposalHandler,
@@ -207,6 +251,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       l1ToL2MessageSource,
       config,
       blobClient,
+      slashingProtectionSigner,
       dateProvider,
       telemetry,
     );
@@ -224,8 +269,8 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     return this.blockProposalHandler;
   }
 
-  public signWithAddress(addr: EthAddress, msg: TypedDataDefinition) {
-    return this.keyStore.signTypedDataWithAddress(addr, msg);
+  public signWithAddress(addr: EthAddress, msg: TypedDataDefinition, context: SigningContext) {
+    return this.keyStore.signTypedDataWithAddress(addr, msg, context);
   }
 
   public getCoinbaseForAttestor(attestor: EthAddress): EthAddress {
@@ -244,12 +289,20 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     this.config = { ...this.config, ...config };
   }
 
+  public reloadKeystore(newManager: KeystoreManager): void {
+    const newAdapter = NodeKeystoreAdapter.fromKeyStoreManager(newManager);
+    this.keyStore = new HAKeyStore(newAdapter, this.slashingProtectionSigner);
+    this.validationService = new ValidationService(this.keyStore, this.log.createChild('validation-service'));
+  }
+
   public async start() {
     if (this.epochCacheUpdateLoop.isRunning()) {
       this.log.warn(`Validator client already started`);
       return;
     }
 
+    await this.keyStore.start();
+
     await this.registerHandlers();
 
     const myAddresses = this.getValidatorAddresses();
@@ -265,6 +318,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
   public async stop() {
     await this.epochCacheUpdateLoop.stop();
+    await this.keyStore.stop();
   }
 
   /** Register handlers on the p2p client */
@@ -287,6 +341,16 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> => this.attestToCheckpointProposal(checkpoint, proposalSender);
       this.p2pClient.registerCheckpointProposalHandler(checkpointHandler);
 
+      // Duplicate proposal handler - triggers slashing for equivocation
+      this.p2pClient.registerDuplicateProposalCallback((info: DuplicateProposalInfo) => {
+        this.handleDuplicateProposal(info);
+      });
+
+      // Duplicate attestation handler - triggers slashing for attestation equivocation
+      this.p2pClient.registerDuplicateAttestationCallback((info: DuplicateAttestationInfo) => {
+        this.handleDuplicateAttestation(info);
+      });
+
       const myAddresses = this.getValidatorAddresses();
       this.p2pClient.registerThisValidatorAddresses(myAddresses);
 
@@ -301,6 +365,11 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
    */
   async validateBlockProposal(proposal: BlockProposal, proposalSender: PeerId): Promise<boolean> {
     const slotNumber = proposal.slotNumber;
+
+    // Note: During escape hatch, we still want to "validate" proposals for observability,
+    // but we intentionally reject them and disable slashing invalid block and attestation flow.
+    const escapeHatchOpen = await this.epochCache.isEscapeHatchOpenAtSlot(slotNumber);
+
     const proposer = proposal.getSender();
 
     // Reject proposals with invalid signatures
@@ -309,6 +378,15 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       return false;
     }
 
+    // Ignore proposals from ourselves (may happen in HA setups)
+    if (this.getValidatorAddresses().some(addr => addr.equals(proposer))) {
+      this.log.debug(`Ignoring block proposal from self for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
+        proposer: proposer.toString(),
+        slotNumber,
+      });
+      return false;
+    }
+
     // Check if we're in the committee (for metrics purposes)
     const inCommittee = await this.epochCache.filterInCommittee(slotNumber, this.getValidatorAddresses());
     const partOfCommittee = inCommittee.length > 0;
@@ -334,13 +412,14 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     const validationResult = await this.blockProposalHandler.handleBlockProposal(
       proposal,
       proposalSender,
-      !!shouldReexecute,
+      !!shouldReexecute && !escapeHatchOpen,
     );
 
     if (!validationResult.isValid) {
-      this.log.warn(`Block proposal validation failed: ${validationResult.reason}`, proposalInfo);
-
       const reason = validationResult.reason || 'unknown';
+
+      this.log.warn(`Block proposal validation failed: ${reason}`, proposalInfo);
+
       // Classify failure reason: bad proposal vs node issue
       const badProposalReasons: BlockProposalValidationFailureReason[] = [
         'invalid_proposal',
@@ -359,6 +438,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
       // Slash invalid block proposals (can happen even when not in committee)
       if (
+        !escapeHatchOpen &&
         validationResult.reason &&
         SLASHABLE_BLOCK_PROPOSAL_VALIDATION_RESULT.includes(validationResult.reason) &&
         slashBroadcastedInvalidBlockPenalty > 0n
@@ -373,11 +453,13 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       ...proposalInfo,
       inCommittee: partOfCommittee,
       fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
+      escapeHatchOpen,
     });
 
-    // TODO(palla/mbps): Remove this once checkpoint validation is stable.
-    // Track that we successfully validated a block for this slot, so we can attest to checkpoint proposals for it.
-    this.validatedBlockSlots.add(slotNumber);
+    if (escapeHatchOpen) {
+      this.log.warn(`Escape hatch open for slot ${slotNumber}, rejecting block proposal`, proposalInfo);
+      return false;
+    }
 
     return true;
   }
@@ -395,12 +477,35 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     const slotNumber = proposal.slotNumber;
     const proposer = proposal.getSender();
 
+    // If escape hatch is open for this slot's epoch, do not attest.
+    if (await this.epochCache.isEscapeHatchOpenAtSlot(slotNumber)) {
+      this.log.warn(`Escape hatch open for slot ${slotNumber}, skipping checkpoint attestation handling`);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
     // Reject proposals with invalid signatures
     if (!proposer) {
       this.log.warn(`Received checkpoint proposal with invalid signature for slot ${slotNumber}`);
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    // Ignore proposals from ourselves (may happen in HA setups)
+    if (this.getValidatorAddresses().some(addr => addr.equals(proposer))) {
+      this.log.debug(`Ignoring block proposal from self for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
+        proposer: proposer.toString(),
+        slotNumber,
+      });
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Validate fee asset price modifier is within allowed range
+    if (!validateFeeAssetPriceModifier(proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier)) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Received checkpoint proposal with invalid feeAssetPriceModifier ${proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier} for slot ${slotNumber}`,
+      );
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
     // Check that I have any address in current committee before attesting
     const inCommittee = await this.epochCache.filterInCommittee(slotNumber, this.getValidatorAddresses());
     const partOfCommittee = inCommittee.length > 0;
@@ -409,25 +514,15 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       slotNumber,
       archive: proposal.archive.toString(),
       proposer: proposer.toString(),
-      txCount: proposal.txHashes.length,
     };
     this.log.info(`Received checkpoint proposal for slot ${slotNumber}`, {
       ...proposalInfo,
-      txHashes: proposal.txHashes.map(t => t.toString()),
       fishermanMode: this.config.fishermanMode || false,
     });
 
-    // TODO(palla/mbps): Remove this once checkpoint validation is stable.
-    // Check that we have successfully validated a block for this slot before attesting to the checkpoint.
-    if (!this.validatedBlockSlots.has(slotNumber)) {
-      this.log.warn(`No validated block found for slot ${slotNumber}, refusing to attest to checkpoint`, proposalInfo);
-      return undefined;
-    }
-
     // Validate the checkpoint proposal before attesting (unless skipCheckpointProposalValidation is set)
-    // TODO(palla/mbps): Change default to false once checkpoint validation is stable.
-    if (this.config.skipCheckpointProposalValidation !== false) {
-      this.log.verbose(`Skipping checkpoint proposal validation for slot ${slotNumber}`, proposalInfo);
+    if (this.config.skipCheckpointProposalValidation) {
+      this.log.warn(`Skipping checkpoint proposal validation for slot ${slotNumber}`, proposalInfo);
     } else {
       const validationResult = await this.validateCheckpointProposal(proposal, proposalInfo);
       if (!validationResult.isValid) {
@@ -457,6 +552,17 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
 
     this.metrics.incSuccessfulAttestations(inCommittee.length);
 
+    // Track epoch participation per attester: count each (attester, epoch) pair at most once
+    const proposalEpoch = getEpochAtSlot(slotNumber, this.epochCache.getL1Constants());
+    for (const attester of inCommittee) {
+      const key = attester.toString();
+      const lastEpoch = this.lastAttestedEpochByAttester.get(key);
+      if (lastEpoch === undefined || proposalEpoch > lastEpoch) {
+        this.lastAttestedEpochByAttester.set(key, proposalEpoch);
+        this.metrics.incAttestedEpochCount(attester);
+      }
+    }
+
     // Determine which validators should attest
     let attestors: EthAddress[];
     if (partOfCommittee) {
@@ -482,15 +588,45 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       return undefined;
     }
 
-    return this.createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, attestors);
+    return await this.createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, attestors);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if we should attest to a slot based on equivocation prevention rules.
+   * @returns true if we should attest, false if we should skip
+   */
+  private shouldAttestToSlot(slotNumber: SlotNumber): boolean {
+    // If attestToEquivocatedProposals is true, always allow
+    if (this.config.attestToEquivocatedProposals) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Check if incoming slot is strictly greater than last attested
+    if (this.lastAttestedProposal && slotNumber <= this.lastAttestedProposal.slotNumber) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Refusing to process a proposal for slot ${slotNumber} given we already attested to a proposal for slot ${this.lastAttestedProposal.slotNumber}`,
+      );
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
   }
 
   private async createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(
     proposal: CheckpointProposalCore,
     attestors: EthAddress[] = [],
-  ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[]> {
+  ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> {
+    // Equivocation check: must happen right before signing to minimize the race window
+    if (!this.shouldAttestToSlot(proposal.slotNumber)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
     const attestations = await this.validationService.attestToCheckpointProposal(proposal, attestors);
-    await this.p2pClient.addCheckpointAttestations(attestations);
+
+    // Track the proposal we attested to (to prevent equivocation)
+    this.lastAttestedProposal = proposal;
+
+    await this.p2pClient.addOwnCheckpointAttestations(attestations);
     return attestations;
   }
 
@@ -503,7 +639,11 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     proposalInfo: LogData,
   ): Promise<{ isValid: true } | { isValid: false; reason: string }> {
     const slot = proposal.slotNumber;
-    const timeoutSeconds = 10;
+
+    // Timeout block syncing at the start of the next slot
+    const config = this.checkpointsBuilder.getConfig();
+    const nextSlotTimestampSeconds = Number(getTimestampForSlot(SlotNumber(slot + 1), config));
+    const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, nextSlotTimestampSeconds - Math.floor(this.dateProvider.now() / 1000));
 
     // Wait for last block to sync by archive
     let lastBlockHeader: BlockHeader | undefined;
@@ -531,21 +671,19 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_not_found' };
     }
 
-    // Get the last full block to determine checkpoint number
-    const lastBlock = await this.blockSource.getL2BlockNew(lastBlockHeader.getBlockNumber());
-    if (!lastBlock) {
-      this.log.warn(`Last block ${lastBlockHeader.getBlockNumber()} not found`, proposalInfo);
-      return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_not_found' };
-    }
-    const checkpointNumber = lastBlock.checkpointNumber;
-
     // Get all full blocks for the slot and checkpoint
-    const blocks = await this.getBlocksForSlot(slot, lastBlockHeader, checkpointNumber);
+    const blocks = await this.blockSource.getBlocksForSlot(slot);
     if (blocks.length === 0) {
       this.log.warn(`No blocks found for slot ${slot}`, proposalInfo);
       return { isValid: false, reason: 'no_blocks_for_slot' };
     }
 
+    // Ensure the last block for this slot matches the archive in the checkpoint proposal
+    if (!blocks.at(-1)?.archive.root.equals(proposal.archive)) {
+      this.log.warn(`Last block archive mismatch for checkpoint proposal`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: false, reason: 'last_block_archive_mismatch' };
+    }
+
     this.log.debug(`Found ${blocks.length} blocks for slot ${slot}`, {
       ...proposalInfo,
       blockNumbers: blocks.map(b => b.number),
@@ -554,10 +692,17 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     // Get checkpoint constants from first block
     const firstBlock = blocks[0];
     const constants = this.extractCheckpointConstants(firstBlock);
+    const checkpointNumber = firstBlock.checkpointNumber;
 
     // Get L1-to-L2 messages for this checkpoint
     const l1ToL2Messages = await this.l1ToL2MessageSource.getL1ToL2Messages(checkpointNumber);
 
+    // Collect the out hashes of all the checkpoints before this one in the same epoch
+    const epoch = getEpochAtSlot(slot, this.epochCache.getL1Constants());
+    const previousCheckpointOutHashes = (await this.blockSource.getCheckpointsDataForEpoch(epoch))
+      .filter(c => c.checkpointNumber < checkpointNumber)
+      .map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
+
     // Fork world state at the block before the first block
     const parentBlockNumber = BlockNumber(firstBlock.number - 1);
     const fork = await this.worldState.fork(parentBlockNumber);
@@ -567,9 +712,12 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
       const checkpointBuilder = await this.checkpointsBuilder.openCheckpoint(
         checkpointNumber,
         constants,
+        proposal.feeAssetPriceModifier,
         l1ToL2Messages,
+        previousCheckpointOutHashes,
         fork,
         blocks,
+        this.log.getBindings(),
       );
 
       // Complete the checkpoint to get computed values
@@ -595,62 +743,53 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         return { isValid: false, reason: 'archive_mismatch' };
       }
 
-      this.log.verbose(`Checkpoint proposal validation successful for slot ${slot}`, proposalInfo);
-      return { isValid: true };
-    } finally {
-      await fork.close();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Get all full blocks for a given slot and checkpoint by walking backwards from the last block.
-   * Returns blocks in ascending order (earliest to latest).
-   * TODO(palla/mbps): Add getL2BlocksForSlot() to L2BlockSource interface for efficiency.
-   */
-  private async getBlocksForSlot(
-    slot: SlotNumber,
-    lastBlockHeader: BlockHeader,
-    checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
-  ): Promise<L2BlockNew[]> {
-    const blocks: L2BlockNew[] = [];
-    let currentHeader = lastBlockHeader;
-    const { genesisArchiveRoot } = await this.blockSource.getGenesisValues();
-
-    while (currentHeader.getSlot() === slot) {
-      const block = await this.blockSource.getL2BlockNew(currentHeader.getBlockNumber());
-      if (!block) {
-        this.log.warn(`Block ${currentHeader.getBlockNumber()} not found while getting blocks for slot ${slot}`);
-        break;
-      }
-      if (block.checkpointNumber !== checkpointNumber) {
-        break;
+      // Check that the accumulated epoch out hash matches the value in the proposal.
+      // The epoch out hash is the accumulated hash of all checkpoint out hashes in the epoch.
+      const checkpointOutHash = computedCheckpoint.getCheckpointOutHash();
+      const computedEpochOutHash = accumulateCheckpointOutHashes([...previousCheckpointOutHashes, checkpointOutHash]);
+      const proposalEpochOutHash = proposal.checkpointHeader.epochOutHash;
+      if (!computedEpochOutHash.equals(proposalEpochOutHash)) {
+        this.log.warn(`Epoch out hash mismatch`, {
+          proposalEpochOutHash: proposalEpochOutHash.toString(),
+          computedEpochOutHash: computedEpochOutHash.toString(),
+          checkpointOutHash: checkpointOutHash.toString(),
+          previousCheckpointOutHashes: previousCheckpointOutHashes.map(h => h.toString()),
+          ...proposalInfo,
+        });
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'out_hash_mismatch' };
       }
-      blocks.unshift(block);
 
-      const prevArchive = currentHeader.lastArchive.root;
-      if (prevArchive.equals(genesisArchiveRoot)) {
-        break;
+      // Final round of validations on the checkpoint, just in case.
+      try {
+        validateCheckpoint(computedCheckpoint, {
+          rollupManaLimit: this.checkpointsBuilder.getConfig().rollupManaLimit,
+          maxDABlockGas: this.config.validateMaxDABlockGas,
+          maxL2BlockGas: this.config.validateMaxL2BlockGas,
+          maxTxsPerBlock: this.config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock,
+          maxTxsPerCheckpoint: this.config.validateMaxTxsPerCheckpoint,
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.warn(`Checkpoint validation failed: ${err}`, proposalInfo);
+        return { isValid: false, reason: 'checkpoint_validation_failed' };
       }
 
-      const prevHeader = await this.blockSource.getBlockHeaderByArchive(prevArchive);
-      if (!prevHeader || prevHeader.getSlot() !== slot) {
-        break;
-      }
-      currentHeader = prevHeader;
+      this.log.verbose(`Checkpoint proposal validation successful for slot ${slot}`, proposalInfo);
+      return { isValid: true };
+    } finally {
+      await fork.close();
     }
-
-    return blocks;
   }
 
   /**
    * Extract checkpoint global variables from a block.
    */
-  private extractCheckpointConstants(block: L2BlockNew): CheckpointGlobalVariables {
+  private extractCheckpointConstants(block: L2Block): CheckpointGlobalVariables {
     const gv = block.header.globalVariables;
     return {
       chainId: gv.chainId,
       version: gv.version,
       slotNumber: gv.slotNumber,
+      timestamp: gv.timestamp,
       coinbase: gv.coinbase,
       feeRecipient: gv.feeRecipient,
       gasFees: gv.gasFees,
@@ -660,7 +799,7 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   /**
    * Uploads blobs for a checkpoint to the filestore (fire and forget).
    */
-  private async uploadBlobsForCheckpoint(proposal: CheckpointProposalCore, proposalInfo: LogData): Promise<void> {
+  protected async uploadBlobsForCheckpoint(proposal: CheckpointProposalCore, proposalInfo: LogData): Promise<void> {
     try {
       const lastBlockHeader = await this.blockSource.getBlockHeaderByArchive(proposal.archive);
       if (!lastBlockHeader) {
@@ -668,21 +807,14 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         return;
       }
 
-      // Get the last full block to determine checkpoint number
-      const lastBlock = await this.blockSource.getL2BlockNew(lastBlockHeader.getBlockNumber());
-      if (!lastBlock) {
-        this.log.warn(`Failed to get last block for blob upload`, proposalInfo);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const blocks = await this.getBlocksForSlot(proposal.slotNumber, lastBlockHeader, lastBlock.checkpointNumber);
+      const blocks = await this.blockSource.getBlocksForSlot(proposal.slotNumber);
       if (blocks.length === 0) {
         this.log.warn(`No blocks found for blob upload`, proposalInfo);
         return;
       }
 
       const blobFields = blocks.flatMap(b => b.toBlobFields());
-      const blobs: Blob[] = getBlobsPerL1Block(blobFields);
+      const blobs: Blob[] = await getBlobsPerL1Block(blobFields);
       await this.blobClient.sendBlobsToFilestore(blobs);
       this.log.debug(`Uploaded ${blobs.length} blobs to filestore for checkpoint at slot ${proposal.slotNumber}`, {
         ...proposalInfo,
@@ -720,20 +852,74 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     ]);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Handle detection of a duplicate proposal (equivocation).
+   * Emits a slash event when a proposer sends multiple proposals for the same position.
+   */
+  private handleDuplicateProposal(info: DuplicateProposalInfo): void {
+    const { slot, proposer, type } = info;
+
+    this.log.warn(`Triggering slash event for duplicate ${type} proposal from ${proposer.toString()} at slot ${slot}`, {
+      proposer: proposer.toString(),
+      slot,
+      type,
+    });
+
+    // Emit slash event
+    this.emit(WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, [
+      {
+        validator: proposer,
+        amount: this.config.slashDuplicateProposalPenalty,
+        offenseType: OffenseType.DUPLICATE_PROPOSAL,
+        epochOrSlot: BigInt(slot),
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle detection of a duplicate attestation (equivocation).
+   * Emits a slash event when an attester signs attestations for different proposals at the same slot.
+   */
+  private handleDuplicateAttestation(info: DuplicateAttestationInfo): void {
+    const { slot, attester } = info;
+
+    this.log.warn(`Triggering slash event for duplicate attestation from ${attester.toString()} at slot ${slot}`, {
+      attester: attester.toString(),
+      slot,
+    });
+
+    this.emit(WANT_TO_SLASH_EVENT, [
+      {
+        validator: attester,
+        amount: this.config.slashDuplicateAttestationPenalty,
+        offenseType: OffenseType.DUPLICATE_ATTESTATION,
+        epochOrSlot: BigInt(slot),
+      },
+    ]);
+  }
+
   async createBlockProposal(
     blockHeader: BlockHeader,
-    indexWithinCheckpoint: number,
+    indexWithinCheckpoint: IndexWithinCheckpoint,
     inHash: Fr,
     archive: Fr,
     txs: Tx[],
     proposerAddress: EthAddress | undefined,
-    options: BlockProposalOptions,
+    options: BlockProposalOptions = {},
   ): Promise<BlockProposal> {
-    // TODO(palla/mbps): Prevent double proposals properly
-    // if (this.previousProposal?.slotNumber === blockHeader.globalVariables.slotNumber) {
-    //   this.log.verbose(`Already made a proposal for the same slot, skipping proposal`);
-    //   return Promise.resolve(undefined);
-    // }
+    // Validate that we're not creating a proposal for an older or equal position
+    if (this.lastProposedBlock) {
+      const lastSlot = this.lastProposedBlock.slotNumber;
+      const lastIndex = this.lastProposedBlock.indexWithinCheckpoint;
+      const newSlot = blockHeader.globalVariables.slotNumber;
+
+      if (newSlot < lastSlot || (newSlot === lastSlot && indexWithinCheckpoint <= lastIndex)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cannot create block proposal for slot ${newSlot} index ${indexWithinCheckpoint}: ` +
+            `already proposed block for slot ${lastSlot} index ${lastIndex}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
 
     this.log.info(
       `Assembling block proposal for block ${blockHeader.globalVariables.blockNumber} slot ${blockHeader.globalVariables.slotNumber}`,
@@ -750,25 +936,42 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
         broadcastInvalidBlockProposal: this.config.broadcastInvalidBlockProposal,
       },
     );
-    this.previousProposal = newProposal;
+    this.lastProposedBlock = newProposal;
     return newProposal;
   }
 
   async createCheckpointProposal(
     checkpointHeader: CheckpointHeader,
     archive: Fr,
+    feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint,
     lastBlockInfo: CreateCheckpointProposalLastBlockData | undefined,
     proposerAddress: EthAddress | undefined,
-    options: CheckpointProposalOptions,
+    options: CheckpointProposalOptions = {},
   ): Promise<CheckpointProposal> {
+    // Validate that we're not creating a proposal for an older or equal slot
+    if (this.lastProposedCheckpoint) {
+      const lastSlot = this.lastProposedCheckpoint.slotNumber;
+      const newSlot = checkpointHeader.slotNumber;
+
+      if (newSlot <= lastSlot) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cannot create checkpoint proposal for slot ${newSlot}: ` +
+            `already proposed checkpoint for slot ${lastSlot}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
     this.log.info(`Assembling checkpoint proposal for slot ${checkpointHeader.slotNumber}`);
-    return await this.validationService.createCheckpointProposal(
+    const newProposal = await this.validationService.createCheckpointProposal(
       checkpointHeader,
       archive,
+      feeAssetPriceModifier,
       lastBlockInfo,
       proposerAddress,
       options,
     );
+    this.lastProposedCheckpoint = newProposal;
+    return newProposal;
   }
 
   async broadcastBlockProposal(proposal: BlockProposal): Promise<void> {
@@ -778,8 +981,10 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
   async signAttestationsAndSigners(
     attestationsAndSigners: CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners,
     proposer: EthAddress,
+    slot: SlotNumber,
+    blockNumber: BlockNumber | CheckpointNumber,
   ): Promise<Signature> {
-    return await this.validationService.signAttestationsAndSigners(attestationsAndSigners, proposer);
+    return await this.validationService.signAttestationsAndSigners(attestationsAndSigners, proposer, slot, blockNumber);
   }
 
   async collectOwnAttestations(proposal: CheckpointProposal): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[]> {
@@ -788,6 +993,10 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     this.log.debug(`Collecting ${inCommittee.length} self-attestations for slot ${slot}`, { inCommittee });
     const attestations = await this.createCheckpointAttestationsFromProposal(proposal, inCommittee);
 
+    if (!attestations) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
     // We broadcast our own attestations to our peers so, in case our block does not get mined on L1,
     // other nodes can see that our validators did attest to this block proposal, and do not slash us
     // due to inactivity for missed attestations.
@@ -886,7 +1095,9 @@ export class ValidatorClient extends (EventEmitter as new () => WatcherEmitter)
     }
 
     const payloadToSign = authRequest.getPayloadToSign();
-    const signature = await this.keyStore.signMessageWithAddress(addressToUse, payloadToSign);
+    // AUTH_REQUEST doesn't require HA protection - multiple signatures are safe
+    const context: SigningContext = { dutyType: DutyType.AUTH_REQUEST };
+    const signature = await this.keyStore.signMessageWithAddress(addressToUse, payloadToSign, context);
     const authResponse = new AuthResponse(statusMessage, signature);
     return authResponse.toBuffer();
   }