@aztec/simulator 0.0.1-commit.f504929 → 0.0.1-commit.f5a9928

package/src/public/public_processor/public_processor.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
-import { MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX, MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX, NULLIFIER_SUBTREE_HEIGHT } from '@aztec/constants';
+import {
+  MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX,
+  MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_TX_BLOB_DATA_SIZE_IN_FIELDS,
+  NULLIFIER_SUBTREE_HEIGHT,
+} from '@aztec/constants';
 import { padArrayEnd } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
-import { DateProvider, Timer, elapsed, executeTimeout } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { DateProvider, Timer, elapsed, execWithSignal } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { ProtocolContractAddress } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
 import { ContractClassPublishedEvent } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/class-registry';
 import { computeFeePayerBalanceLeafSlot, computeFeePayerBalanceStorageSlot } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/fee-juice';
@@ -76,17 +81,15 @@ export class PublicProcessorFactory {
   /**
    * Creates a new instance of a PublicProcessor.
    * @param globalVariables - The global variables for the block being processed.
-   * @param skipFeeEnforcement - Allows disabling balance checks for fee estimations.
+   * @param contractsDB - Optional pre-populated contracts DB; a fresh one is constructed if omitted.
    * @returns A new instance of a PublicProcessor.
    */
   public create(
     merkleTree: MerkleTreeWriteOperations,
     globalVariables: GlobalVariables,
     config: PublicSimulatorConfig,
+    contractsDB: PublicContractsDB = new PublicContractsDB(this.contractDataSource, this.log.getBindings()),
   ): PublicProcessor {
-    const bindings = this.log.getBindings();
-    const contractsDB = new PublicContractsDB(this.contractDataSource, bindings);
-
     const guardedFork = new GuardedMerkleTreeOperations(merkleTree);
     const publicTxSimulator = this.createPublicTxSimulator(guardedFork, contractsDB, globalVariables, config);
 
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ export class PublicProcessorFactory {
       publicTxSimulator,
       this.dateProvider,
       this.telemetryClient,
-      createLogger('simulator:public-processor', bindings),
+      createLogger('simulator:public-processor', this.log.getBindings()),
     );
   }
 
@@ -125,6 +128,17 @@ class PublicProcessorTimeoutError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+class PublicProcessorAbortError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string = 'Aborted while processing tx') {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'PublicProcessorAbortError';
+  }
+}
+
+function isPublicProcessorInterruptError(err: any) {
+  return err?.name === 'PublicProcessorTimeoutError' || err?.name === 'PublicProcessorAbortError';
+}
+
 /**
  * Converts Txs lifted from the P2P module into ProcessedTx objects by executing
  * any public function calls in them. Txs with private calls only are unaffected.
@@ -160,8 +174,8 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
     txs: Iterable<Tx> | AsyncIterable<Tx>,
     limits: PublicProcessorLimits = {},
     validator: PublicProcessorValidator = {},
-  ): Promise<[ProcessedTx[], FailedTx[], Tx[], NestedProcessReturnValues[], number, DebugLog[]]> {
-    const { maxTransactions, maxBlockSize, deadline, maxBlockGas, maxBlobFields } = limits;
+  ): Promise<[ProcessedTx[], FailedTx[], Tx[], NestedProcessReturnValues[], DebugLog[]]> {
+    const { maxTransactions, deadline, maxBlockGas, maxBlobFields, isBuildingProposal, signal } = limits;
     const { preprocessValidator, nullifierCache } = validator;
     const result: ProcessedTx[] = [];
     const usedTxs: Tx[] = [];
@@ -174,6 +188,8 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
     let totalPublicGas = new Gas(0, 0);
     let totalBlockGas = new Gas(0, 0);
     let totalBlobFields = 0;
+    let silentlySkippedCount = 0;
+    let totalSilentlySkippedDurationMs = 0;
 
     for await (const tx of txs) {
       // Only process up to the max tx limit
@@ -182,28 +198,33 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
         break;
       }
 
-      // Bail if we've hit the deadline
+      // Bail if we've hit the deadline or have been interrupted.
       if (deadline && this.dateProvider.now() > +deadline) {
         this.log.warn(`Stopping tx processing due to timeout.`);
         break;
       }
+      if (signal?.aborted) {
+        this.log.warn(`Stopping tx processing due to abort signal.`);
+        break;
+      }
 
-      // Skip this tx if it'd exceed max block size
       const txHash = tx.getTxHash().toString();
-      const preTxSizeInBytes = tx.getEstimatedPrivateTxEffectsSize();
-      if (maxBlockSize !== undefined && totalSizeInBytes + preTxSizeInBytes > maxBlockSize) {
-        this.log.warn(`Skipping processing of tx ${txHash} sized ${preTxSizeInBytes} bytes due to block size limit`, {
-          txHash,
-          sizeInBytes: preTxSizeInBytes,
-          totalSizeInBytes,
-          maxBlockSize,
-        });
+
+      // Skip this tx if its estimated blob fields would exceed the limit.
+      // Only done during proposal building: during re-execution we must process the exact txs from the proposal.
+      const txBlobFields = tx.getPrivateTxEffectsSizeInFields();
+      if (isBuildingProposal && maxBlobFields !== undefined && totalBlobFields + txBlobFields > maxBlobFields) {
+        this.log.warn(
+          `Skipping tx ${txHash} with ${txBlobFields} fields from private side effects due to blob fields limit`,
+          { txHash, txBlobFields, totalBlobFields, maxBlobFields },
+        );
         continue;
       }
 
-      // Skip this tx if its gas limit would exceed the block gas limit
+      // Skip this tx if its gas limit would exceed the block gas limit (either da or l2).
+      // Only done during proposal building: during re-execution we must process the exact txs from the proposal.
       const txGasLimit = tx.data.constants.txContext.gasSettings.gasLimits;
-      if (maxBlockGas !== undefined && totalBlockGas.add(txGasLimit).gtAny(maxBlockGas)) {
+      if (isBuildingProposal && maxBlockGas !== undefined && totalBlockGas.add(txGasLimit).gtAny(maxBlockGas)) {
         this.log.warn(`Skipping processing of tx ${txHash} due to block gas limit`, {
           txHash,
           txGasLimit,
@@ -223,11 +244,6 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
           failed.push({ tx, error: new Error(`Tx failed preprocess validation: ${reason}`) });
           returns.push(new NestedProcessReturnValues([]));
           continue;
-        } else if (result.result === 'skipped') {
-          const reason = result.reason.join(', ');
-          this.log.debug(`Skipping tx ${txHash.toString()} due to pre-process validation: ${reason}`);
-          returns.push(new NestedProcessReturnValues([]));
-          continue;
         } else {
           this.log.trace(`Tx ${txHash.toString()} is valid before processing.`);
         }
@@ -243,7 +259,9 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
       this.contractsDB.createCheckpoint();
 
       try {
-        const [processedTx, returnValues, txDebugLogs] = await this.processTx(tx, deadline);
+        const [txProcessingTimeMs, [processedTx, returnValues, txDebugLogs]] = await elapsed(() =>
+          this.processTx(tx, deadline, signal),
+        );
 
         // Inject a fake processing failure after N txs if requested
         const fakeThrowAfter = this.opts.fakeThrowAfterProcessingTxCount;
@@ -252,23 +270,25 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
         }
 
         const txBlobFields = processedTx.txEffect.getNumBlobFields();
-
-        // If the actual size of this tx would exceed block size, skip it
         const txSize = txBlobFields * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES;
-        if (maxBlockSize !== undefined && totalSizeInBytes + txSize > maxBlockSize) {
-          this.log.debug(`Skipping processed tx ${txHash} sized ${txSize} due to max block size.`, {
-            txHash,
-            sizeInBytes: txSize,
-            totalSizeInBytes,
-            maxBlockSize,
-          });
-          // Need to revert the checkpoint here and don't go any further
+
+        // A single tx's effects must fit within the per-tx blob encoding: the rollup circuit encodes each
+        // tx into a fixed [Field; MAX_TX_BLOB_DATA_SIZE_IN_FIELDS] array, so a larger tx effect cannot be
+        // proven. The per-category side-effect limits already guarantee this upstream, so reaching here means
+        // the tx is malformed; reject it as invalid rather than letting it poison proving.
+        if (txBlobFields > MAX_TX_BLOB_DATA_SIZE_IN_FIELDS) {
+          const error = new Error(
+            `Tx ${txHash} produced ${txBlobFields} blob fields, exceeding the per-tx maximum of ${MAX_TX_BLOB_DATA_SIZE_IN_FIELDS}`,
+          );
+          this.log.error(error.message, { txHash, txBlobFields });
           await checkpoint.revert();
           this.contractsDB.revertCheckpoint();
+          failed.push({ tx, error });
+          returns.push(new NestedProcessReturnValues([]));
           continue;
         }
 
-        // If the actual blob fields of this tx would exceed the limit, skip it
+        // If the actual blob fields of this tx would exceed the limit, skip it.
         // Note: maxBlobFields already accounts for block end blob fields and previous blocks in checkpoint.
         if (maxBlobFields !== undefined && totalBlobFields + txBlobFields > maxBlobFields) {
           this.log.debug(
@@ -278,14 +298,37 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
               txBlobFields,
               totalBlobFields,
               maxBlobFields,
+              txProcessingTimeMs,
             },
           );
+          silentlySkippedCount += 1;
+          totalSilentlySkippedDurationMs += txProcessingTimeMs;
+          this.metrics.recordSilentlySkipped(txProcessingTimeMs);
           // Need to revert the checkpoint here and don't go any further
           await checkpoint.revert();
           this.contractsDB.revertCheckpoint();
           continue;
         }
 
+        // During re-execution, check if the actual gas used by this tx would push the block over the gas limit.
+        // Unlike the proposal-building check (which uses declared gas limits pessimistically before processing),
+        // this uses actual gas and stops processing when the limit is exceeded.
+        if (
+          !isBuildingProposal &&
+          maxBlockGas !== undefined &&
+          totalBlockGas.add(processedTx.gasUsed.totalGas).gtAny(maxBlockGas)
+        ) {
+          this.log.warn(`Stopping re-execution since tx ${txHash} would push block gas over limit`, {
+            txHash,
+            txGas: processedTx.gasUsed.totalGas,
+            totalBlockGas,
+            maxBlockGas,
+          });
+          await checkpoint.revert();
+          this.contractsDB.revertCheckpoint();
+          break;
+        }
+
         // FIXME(fcarreiro): it's ugly to have to notify the validator of nullifiers.
         // I'd rather pass the validators the processedTx as well and let them deal with it.
         nullifierCache?.addNullifiers(processedTx.txEffect.nullifiers.map(n => n.toBuffer()));
@@ -300,16 +343,15 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
         totalBlockGas = totalBlockGas.add(processedTx.gasUsed.totalGas);
         totalSizeInBytes += txSize;
         totalBlobFields += txBlobFields;
+
+        // Commit the tx-level contracts checkpoint on success
+        this.contractsDB.commitCheckpoint();
       } catch (err: any) {
-        if (err?.name === 'PublicProcessorTimeoutError') {
-          this.log.warn(`Stopping tx processing due to timeout.`);
-          // We hit the transaction execution deadline.
-          // There may still be a transaction executing on a worker thread (C++ via NAPI).
-          // Signal cancellation AND WAIT for the simulation to actually stop.
-          // This is critical because C++ might be in the middle of a slow operation (e.g., pad_trees)
-          // and won't check the cancellation flag until that operation completes.
-          // Without waiting, we'd proceed to revert checkpoints while C++ is still writing to state.
-          // Wait for C++ to stop gracefully.
+        if (isPublicProcessorInterruptError(err)) {
+          const interruptReason = err.name === 'PublicProcessorTimeoutError' ? 'timeout' : 'abort signal';
+          this.log.warn(`Stopping tx processing due to ${interruptReason}.`);
+          // The tx may still be executing on a worker thread (C++ via NAPI).
+          // Signal cancellation AND WAIT for the simulation to actually stop before touching fork checkpoints.
           await this.publicTxSimulator.cancel?.();
 
           // Now stop the guarded fork to prevent any further TS-side access to the world state.
@@ -319,14 +361,10 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
           // 1. At least one outstanding checkpoint that has not been committed (the one created before we processed the tx).
           // 2. Possible state updates on that checkpoint or any others created during execution.
 
-          // First we revert a checkpoint as managed by the ForkCheckpoint. This will revert whatever is the current checkpoint
-          // which may not be the one originally created by this object. But that is ok, we do this to fulfil the ForkCheckpoint
-          // lifecycle expectations and ensure it doesn't attempt to commit later on.
-          await checkpoint.revert();
-
-          // Now we want to revert any/all remaining checkpoints, destroying any outstanding state updates.
-          // This needs to be done directly on the underlying fork as the guarded fork has been stopped.
-          await this.guardedMerkleTree.getUnderlyingFork().revertAllCheckpoints();
+          // Revert all checkpoints at or above this checkpoint's depth (inclusive), destroying any outstanding state
+          // updates from this tx and any nested checkpoints created during execution. This preserves any checkpoints
+          // created by callers below our depth.
+          await checkpoint.revertToCheckpoint();
 
           // Revert any contracts added to the DB for the tx.
           this.contractsDB.revertCheckpoint();
@@ -338,9 +376,9 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
           break;
         }
 
-        // Roll back state to start of TX before proceeding to next TX
-        await checkpoint.revert();
-        await this.guardedMerkleTree.getUnderlyingFork().revertAllCheckpoints();
+        // Roll back state to start of TX before proceeding to next TX.
+        // Reverts all checkpoints at or above this checkpoint's depth, preserving any caller checkpoints below.
+        await checkpoint.revertToCheckpoint();
         this.contractsDB.revertCheckpoint();
         const errorMessage = err instanceof Error || err instanceof AssertionError ? err.message : 'Unknown error';
         this.log.warn(`Failed to process tx ${txHash.toString()}: ${errorMessage} ${err?.stack}`);
@@ -352,7 +390,6 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
       } finally {
         // Base case is we always commit the checkpoint. Using the ForkCheckpoint means this has no effect if the tx was previously reverted
         await checkpoint.commit();
-        this.contractsDB.commitCheckpointOkIfNone();
       }
     }
 
@@ -360,15 +397,26 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
     const rate = duration > 0 ? totalPublicGas.l2Gas / duration : 0;
     this.metrics.recordAllTxs(totalPublicGas, rate);
 
-    this.log.info(`Processed ${result.length} successful txs and ${failed.length} failed txs in ${duration}s`, {
-      duration,
-      rate,
-      totalPublicGas,
-      totalBlockGas,
-      totalSizeInBytes,
-    });
+    const silentlySkippedDurationMs = Math.round(totalSilentlySkippedDurationMs);
+    this.log.info(
+      `Processed ${result.length} successful txs and ${failed.length} failed txs ` +
+        `(${silentlySkippedCount} silently skipped, ${silentlySkippedDurationMs}ms wasted) ` +
+        `in ${duration}s`,
+      {
+        blockNumber: this.globalVariables.blockNumber,
+        successfulCount: result.length,
+        failedCount: failed.length,
+        duration,
+        rate,
+        totalPublicGas,
+        totalBlockGas,
+        totalSizeInBytes,
+        silentlySkippedCount,
+        silentlySkippedDurationMs,
+      },
+    );
 
-    return [result, failed, usedTxs, returns, totalBlobFields, debugLogs];
+    return [result, failed, usedTxs, returns, debugLogs];
   }
 
   private async checkWorldStateUnchanged(
@@ -391,9 +439,10 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
   private async processTx(
     tx: Tx,
     deadline: Date | undefined,
+    signal: AbortSignal | undefined,
   ): Promise<[ProcessedTx, NestedProcessReturnValues[], DebugLog[]]> {
     const [time, [processedTx, returnValues, debugLogs]] = await elapsed(() =>
-      this.processTxWithinDeadline(tx, deadline),
+      this.processTxWithinDeadline(tx, deadline, signal),
     );
 
     this.log.verbose(
@@ -447,10 +496,11 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
     this.metrics.recordTreeInsertions(Number(treeInsertionEnd - treeInsertionStart) / 1_000);
   }
 
-  /** Processes the given tx within deadline. Returns timeout if deadline is hit. */
+  /** Processes the given tx within deadline or until the signal is aborted. */
   private async processTxWithinDeadline(
     tx: Tx,
     deadline: Date | undefined,
+    signal: AbortSignal | undefined,
   ): Promise<[ProcessedTx, NestedProcessReturnValues[] | undefined, DebugLog[]]> {
     const innerProcessFn: () => Promise<[ProcessedTx, NestedProcessReturnValues[] | undefined, DebugLog[]]> =
       tx.hasPublicCalls() ? () => this.processTxWithPublicCalls(tx) : () => this.processPrivateOnlyTx(tx);
@@ -467,27 +517,38 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
           }
         : innerProcessFn;
 
-    if (!deadline) {
+    const processingSignal = this.getProcessingSignal(tx, deadline, signal);
+    if (!processingSignal) {
       return await processFn();
     }
 
-    const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
+    return await execWithSignal(
+      () => processFn(),
+      processingSignal,
+      signal =>
+        signal.reason?.name === 'TimeoutError' ? new PublicProcessorTimeoutError() : new PublicProcessorAbortError(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  private getProcessingSignal(tx: Tx, deadline: Date | undefined, signal: AbortSignal | undefined) {
+    if (!deadline) {
+      return signal;
+    }
+
     const timeout = +deadline - this.dateProvider.now();
     if (timeout <= 0) {
       throw new PublicProcessorTimeoutError();
     }
 
+    const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
     this.log.debug(`Processing tx ${txHash.toString()} within ${timeout}ms`, {
       deadline: deadline.toISOString(),
       now: new Date(this.dateProvider.now()).toISOString(),
       txHash,
     });
 
-    return await executeTimeout(
-      () => processFn(),
-      timeout,
-      () => new PublicProcessorTimeoutError(),
-    );
+    const timeoutSignal = AbortSignal.timeout(timeout);
+    return signal ? AbortSignal.any([signal, timeoutSignal]) : timeoutSignal;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -544,7 +605,7 @@ export class PublicProcessor implements Traceable {
     // Fee payment insertion has already been done. Do the rest.
     await this.doTreeInsertionsForPrivateOnlyTx(processedTx);
 
-    await this.contractsDB.addNewContracts(tx);
+    this.contractsDB.addNewContracts(tx);
 
     return [processedTx, undefined, []];
   }

package/src/public/public_processor/public_processor_metrics.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ export class PublicProcessorMetrics {
 
   private treeInsertionDuration: Histogram;
 
+  private silentlySkippedCount: UpDownCounter;
+  private silentlySkippedDuration: Histogram;
+
   constructor(client: TelemetryClient, name = 'PublicProcessor') {
     this.tracer = client.getTracer(name);
     const meter = client.getMeter(name);
@@ -60,6 +63,10 @@ export class PublicProcessorMetrics {
     this.gasRate = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PUBLIC_PROCESSOR_GAS_RATE);
 
     this.treeInsertionDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PUBLIC_PROCESSOR_TREE_INSERTION);
+
+    this.silentlySkippedCount = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(meter, Metrics.PUBLIC_PROCESSOR_SILENTLY_SKIPPED_COUNT);
+
+    this.silentlySkippedDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PUBLIC_PROCESSOR_SILENTLY_SKIPPED_DURATION);
   }
 
   recordPhaseDuration(phaseName: TxExecutionPhase, durationMs: number) {
@@ -123,4 +130,9 @@ export class PublicProcessorMetrics {
   recordTreeInsertions(durationUs: number) {
     this.treeInsertionDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationUs));
   }
+
+  recordSilentlySkipped(durationMs: number) {
+    this.silentlySkippedCount.add(1);
+    this.silentlySkippedDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationMs));
+  }
 }

package/src/public/public_tx_simulator/contract_provider_for_cpp.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export class ContractProviderForCpp implements ContractProvider {
   public getContractInstance = async (address: string): Promise<Buffer | undefined> => {
     this.log.trace(`Contract provider callback: getContractInstance(${address})`);
 
-    const aztecAddr = AztecAddress.fromString(address);
+    const aztecAddr = AztecAddress.fromStringUnsafe(address);
 
     const instance = await this.contractsDB.getContractInstance(aztecAddr, this.globalVariables.timestamp);
 
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ export class ContractProviderForCpp implements ContractProvider {
     return serializeWithMessagePack(contractClass);
   };
 
+  // eslint-disable-next-line require-await
   public addContracts = async (contractDeploymentDataBuffer: Buffer): Promise<void> => {
     this.log.trace(`Contract provider callback: addContracts`);
 
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ export class ContractProviderForCpp implements ContractProvider {
     const contractDeploymentData = ContractDeploymentData.fromPlainObject(rawData);
 
     // Add contracts to the contracts DB
-    this.log.trace(`Calling contractsDB.addContracts`);
-    await this.contractsDB.addContracts(contractDeploymentData);
+    this.log.trace(`Calling contractsDB.addContractsFromLogs`);
+    this.contractsDB.addContractsFromLogs(contractDeploymentData);
   };
 
   public getBytecodeCommitment = async (classId: string): Promise<Buffer | undefined> => {
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ export class ContractProviderForCpp implements ContractProvider {
     this.log.trace(`Contract provider callback: getDebugFunctionName(${address}, ${selector})`);
 
     // Parse address and selector strings
-    const aztecAddr = AztecAddress.fromString(address);
+    const aztecAddr = AztecAddress.fromStringUnsafe(address);
     const selectorFr = Fr.fromString(selector);
     const functionSelector = FunctionSelector.fromFieldOrUndefined(selectorFr);
 

package/src/public/public_tx_simulator/public_tx_context.ts

@@ -174,14 +174,8 @@ export class PublicTxContext {
     }
     if (phase === TxExecutionPhase.SETUP) {
       this.log.warn(`Setup phase reverted! The transaction will be thrown out.`);
-    } else if (phase === TxExecutionPhase.APP_LOGIC) {
-      this.revertCode = RevertCode.APP_LOGIC_REVERTED;
-    } else if (phase === TxExecutionPhase.TEARDOWN) {
-      if (this.revertCode.equals(RevertCode.APP_LOGIC_REVERTED)) {
-        this.revertCode = RevertCode.BOTH_REVERTED;
-      } else {
-        this.revertCode = RevertCode.TEARDOWN_REVERTED;
-      }
+    } else if (phase === TxExecutionPhase.APP_LOGIC || phase === TxExecutionPhase.TEARDOWN) {
+      this.revertCode = RevertCode.REVERTED;
     }
   }
 
@@ -247,8 +241,12 @@ export class PublicTxContext {
   }
 
   /**
-   * The gasUsed by public and private,
-   * as if the entire teardown gas limit was consumed.
+   * The gasUsed by public and private, as if the entire teardown gas limit was consumed.
+   *
+   * This is intentional: teardown is used for gas accounting and refunds, so the transaction
+   * fee must be deterministic _before_ teardown executes. If fees depended on teardown's actual
+   * consumption there would be a circular dependency. Billing the full teardown gas limit
+   * (set by the user) makes the fee known in advance and available to the teardown function.
    */
   getTotalGasUsed(): Gas {
     return this.gasUsedByPrivate.add(this.gasUsedByPublic);

package/src/public/public_tx_simulator/public_tx_simulator.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import { type PublicContractsDB, PublicTreesDB } from '../public_db_sources.js';
 import {
   L2ToL1MessageLimitReachedError,
   NoteHashLimitReachedError,
-  NullifierCollisionError,
   NullifierLimitReachedError,
 } from '../side_effect_errors.js';
 import type { PublicPersistableStateManager } from '../state_manager/state_manager.js';
@@ -147,7 +146,8 @@ export class PublicTxSimulator implements PublicTxSimulatorInterface {
     hintingContractsDB.createCheckpoint();
 
     try {
-      // This will throw if there is a nullifier collision or other insertion error (limit reached).
+      // This may throw: a side-effect limit error triggers a soft revert (caught below), while a
+      // nullifier collision is unrecoverable and propagates out of simulate() to throw out the tx.
       await this.insertRevertiblesFromPrivate(context);
 
       // Only proceed with app logic if there was no revert during revertible insertion.
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ export class PublicTxSimulator implements PublicTxSimulatorInterface {
     // However, things work as expected because later calls to getters on the hintingContractsDB
     // will pick up the new contracts and will generate the necessary hints.
     // So, a consumer of the hints will always see the new contracts.
-    await this.contractsDB.addContracts(context.nonRevertibleContractDeploymentData);
+    this.contractsDB.addContractsFromLogs(context.nonRevertibleContractDeploymentData);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -409,9 +409,13 @@ export class PublicTxSimulator implements PublicTxSimulatorInterface {
    * Throws TxSimRevertibleInsertionsRevert if there is some checked error during revertible insertions.
    * This function checks for the following errors:
    * - NullifierLimitReachedError
-   * - NullifierCollisionError
    * - NoteHashLimitReachedError
    * - L2ToL1MessageLimitReachedError
+   *
+   * Note: NullifierCollisionError is intentionally NOT caught here. A nullifier collision
+   * during revertible insertions is unprovable (the nullifier originated from private, so
+   * a collision indicates the tx should never have been proposed). It propagates as-is to
+   * make the transaction unrecoverable, matching the AVM circuit behavior.
    */
   protected async insertRevertiblesFromPrivate(context: PublicTxContext) {
     const stateManager = context.state.getActiveStateManager();
@@ -421,7 +425,7 @@ export class PublicTxSimulator implements PublicTxSimulatorInterface {
         await stateManager.writeSiloedNullifier(siloedNullifier);
       }
     } catch (e: any) {
-      if (e instanceof NullifierLimitReachedError || e instanceof NullifierCollisionError) {
+      if (e instanceof NullifierLimitReachedError) {
         context.revert(
           TxExecutionPhase.APP_LOGIC,
           new SimulationError(
@@ -431,7 +435,7 @@ export class PublicTxSimulator implements PublicTxSimulatorInterface {
         );
         throw new TxSimRevertibleInsertionsRevert();
       } else {
-        // Unchecked/unknown error - re-throw as-is
+        // Unchecked/unknown error or NullifierCollisionError (unrecoverable) - re-throw as-is
         throw e;
       }
     }
@@ -486,7 +490,7 @@ export class PublicTxSimulator implements PublicTxSimulatorInterface {
     // However, things work as expected because later calls to getters on the hintingContractsDB
     // will pick up the new contracts and will generate the necessary hints.
     // So, a consumer of the hints will always see the new contracts.
-    await this.contractsDB.addContracts(context.revertibleContractDeploymentData);
+    this.contractsDB.addContractsFromLogs(context.revertibleContractDeploymentData);
   }
 
   private async payFee(context: PublicTxContext) {

package/src/public/state_manager/state_manager.ts

@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ export class PublicPersistableStateManager {
 
     // This will internally decide whether to check the nullifier tree or not depending on doMerkleOperations.
     const nullifierExistsInTree = await this.checkNullifierExists(
-      AztecAddress.fromNumber(CONTRACT_INSTANCE_REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS),
+      AztecAddress.fromNumberUnsafe(CONTRACT_INSTANCE_REGISTRY_CONTRACT_ADDRESS),
       contractAddress.toField(),
     );
     assert(