@aztec/ethereum 0.0.1-commit.42ee6df9b → 0.0.1-commit.431c48d

package/src/publisher_manager.ts

@@ -40,11 +40,12 @@ export class PublisherManager<UtilsType extends L1TxUtils = L1TxUtils> {
   private log: Logger;
   private config: PublisherManagerConfig;
   private static readonly FUNDING_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 2 * 60 * 1000;
-  private funder?: UtilsType;
-  private fundingPromise?: RunningPromise;
+  protected funder?: UtilsType;
+  protected readonly fundingPromise?: RunningPromise;
+  private started = false;
 
   constructor(
-    private publishers: UtilsType[],
+    protected publishers: UtilsType[],
     config: PublisherManagerConfig,
     opts?: { bindings?: LoggerBindings; funder?: UtilsType },
   ) {
@@ -67,34 +68,60 @@ export class PublisherManager<UtilsType extends L1TxUtils = L1TxUtils> {
         this.funder = undefined;
       }
     }
+
+    if (this.funder && hasThreshold && hasAmount) {
+      this.fundingPromise = new RunningPromise(
+        () => this.triggerFundingIfNeeded(),
+        this.log,
+        PublisherManager.FUNDING_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS,
+      );
+    }
   }
 
-  /** Loads the state of all publishers and the funder, and starts periodic funding checks. */
+  /**
+   * Clears any interrupted flag left by a previous {@link stop} so publishing works again after a restart,
+   * loads the state of all publishers and the funder, and starts periodic funding checks. Idempotent: a
+   * start while already started is a no-op, so it never re-runs `loadStateAndResumeMonitoring` (which
+   * would spawn a duplicate background monitor per pending nonce). Lifecycle calls are expected to be
+   * serialized by the caller.
+   */
   public async start(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.started) {
+      this.log.debug('PublisherManager already started, ignoring start');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Clear the interrupted flag set by a previous stop() so a restarted manager can publish again.
+    // On a first start this is a no-op (the flag is already clear).
+    this.publishers.forEach(pub => pub.restart());
+    this.funder?.restart();
+
     await Promise.all([
       ...this.publishers.map(pub => pub.loadStateAndResumeMonitoring()),
       this.funder?.loadStateAndResumeMonitoring(),
     ]);
 
-    if (
-      this.funder &&
-      this.config.publisherFundingThreshold !== undefined &&
-      this.config.publisherFundingAmount !== undefined
-    ) {
-      this.fundingPromise = new RunningPromise(
-        () => this.triggerFundingIfNeeded(),
-        this.log,
-        PublisherManager.FUNDING_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS,
-      );
-      this.fundingPromise.start();
-    }
+    this.fundingPromise?.start();
+    // Marked started only once fully up, so a start that failed to load state can be retried.
+    this.started = true;
   }
 
-  /** Stops the funding loop and interrupts all publishers. */
+  /**
+   * Stops the funding loop, interrupts all publishers so no further L1 txs are sent, and waits (bounded)
+   * for their in-flight tx monitor loops to wind down. Idempotent, and the manager may be restarted
+   * afterwards via {@link start}, which clears the interrupted flag.
+   */
   public async stop(): Promise<void> {
+    this.started = false;
     await this.fundingPromise?.stop();
     this.publishers.forEach(pub => pub.interrupt());
     this.funder?.interrupt();
+    // Wait for in-flight tx monitor loops to observe the interrupt, so no L1 requests are still
+    // being issued after shutdown (e.g. against an anvil instance a test is about to tear down).
+    await Promise.all([
+      ...this.publishers.map(pub => pub.waitMonitoringStopped()),
+      this.funder?.waitMonitoringStopped(),
+    ]);
   }
 
   // Finds and prioritises available publishers based on
@@ -133,8 +160,17 @@ export class PublisherManager<UtilsType extends L1TxUtils = L1TxUtils> {
       }),
     );
 
+    // Discount unfunded publishers: a publisher with no ETH cannot send a tx, so it must never win
+    // selection regardless of how favourable its state or last-used time is. Fall back to the full
+    // set only if every candidate is unfunded, so behaviour is no worse than before.
+    let fundedPublishers = publishersWithBalance.filter(p => p.balance > 0n);
+    if (fundedPublishers.length === 0) {
+      this.log.warn(`All candidate publishers have zero balance; selecting from unfunded publishers.`);
+      fundedPublishers = publishersWithBalance;
+    }
+
     // Sort based on state, then balance, then time since last use
-    const sortedPublishers = publishersWithBalance.sort((a, b) => {
+    const sortedPublishers = fundedPublishers.sort((a, b) => {
       const stateComparison = sortOrder.indexOf(a.publisher.state) - sortOrder.indexOf(b.publisher.state);
       if (stateComparison !== 0) {
         return stateComparison;

package/src/queries.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,77 @@
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 
+import { BaseError, type Block } from 'viem';
+
 import { DefaultL1ContractsConfig, type L1ContractsConfig } from './config.js';
 import { ReadOnlyGovernanceContract } from './contracts/governance.js';
 import { GovernanceProposerContract } from './contracts/governance_proposer.js';
 import { InboxContract } from './contracts/inbox.js';
 import { RollupContract } from './contracts/rollup.js';
-import type { ViemPublicClient } from './types.js';
+import type { ViemClient, ViemPublicClient } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returns the L1 finalized block, or `undefined` if the chain does not yet have one
+ * (common on freshly started devnets). Rethrows any other RPC error.
+ */
+export async function getFinalizedL1Block(client: ViemClient): Promise<Block<bigint, false, 'finalized'> | undefined> {
+  try {
+    return await client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'finalized', includeTransactions: false });
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (isFinalizedBlockTagNotFoundError(err)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    throw err;
+  }
+}
+
+// Error messages returned by popular Ethereum execution clients when
+// eth_getBlockByNumber / eth_call is called with blockTag "finalized" or
+// "safe" and no such block has been produced yet:
+//
+//   geth       "finalized block not found"
+//              "safe block not found"
+//   reth       "block not found: finalized"
+//              "block not found: safe"
+//   nethermind "Unknown block error"           (same for both tags)
+//   besu       "Unknown block"
+//   erigon     'block "finalized" not available (head block: N)'
+//              'block "safe" not available (head block: N)'
+//
+// A combined regex covers all five:
+const FINALIZED_BLOCK_TAG_NOT_FOUND_MESSAGE_RE =
+  /(finalized|safe) block not found|block not found: (finalized|safe)|unknown block|block "(finalized|safe)" not available/i;
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the error originates from an RPC call that failed because
+ * the "finalized" (or "safe") block tag is not yet available on the chain.
+ */
+export function isFinalizedBlockTagNotFoundError(err: unknown): boolean {
+  if (!err) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (err instanceof BaseError) {
+    const hit = err.walk((e: any) => matchesFinalizedBlockTagNotFound(e));
+    if (hit) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (let cur: any = err, i = 0; cur && i < 10; cur = cur.cause, i++) {
+    if (matchesFinalizedBlockTagNotFound(cur)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function matchesFinalizedBlockTagNotFound(e: any): boolean {
+  if (!e) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const text = `${e.details ?? ''} ${e.message ?? ''} ${e.shortMessage ?? ''}`;
+  return FINALIZED_BLOCK_TAG_NOT_FOUND_MESSAGE_RE.test(text);
+}
 
 /** Reads the L1ContractsConfig from L1 contracts. */
 export async function getL1ContractsConfig(
@@ -76,8 +142,8 @@ export async function getL1ContractsConfig(
     slasherProposer?.getRoundSize() ?? 0n,
     slasherProposer?.getLifetimeInRounds() ?? 0n,
     slasherProposer?.getExecutionDelayInRounds() ?? 0n,
-    slasherProposer?.type === 'tally' ? slasherProposer.getSlashOffsetInRounds() : 0n,
-    slasherProposer?.type === 'tally' ? slasherProposer.getSlashingAmounts() : [0n, 0n, 0n],
+    slasherProposer?.getSlashOffsetInRounds() ?? 0n,
+    slasherProposer?.getSlashingAmounts() ?? [0n, 0n, 0n],
     slasher?.getVetoer() ?? EthAddress.ZERO,
     slasher?.getSlashingDisableDuration() ?? 0,
     rollup.getManaTarget(),
@@ -114,7 +180,7 @@ export async function getL1ContractsConfig(
     rollupVersion: Number(rollupVersion),
     genesisArchiveTreeRoot: genesisArchiveTreeRoot.toString(),
     exitDelaySeconds: Number(exitDelay),
-    slasherFlavor: slasherProposer?.type ?? 'tally',
+    slasherEnabled: !!slasherProposer,
     slashingOffsetInRounds: Number(slashingOffsetInRounds),
     slashAmountSmall: slashingAmounts[0],
     slashAmountMedium: slashingAmounts[1],

package/src/test/blob_kzg_warmup.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { getBytesPerBlob, getBytesPerCommitment, getKzg } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient } from '../types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Warms both KZG trusted setups in parallel for tests against a local anvil:
+ *   - anvil's own setup, loaded lazily when it first validates a blob sidecar in `eth_sendRawTransaction`
+ *   - our `@crate-crypto/node-eth-kzg` singleton (`getKzg()`, a ~2.2s synchronous precomp build)
+ *
+ * Without this, the first checkpoint publish pays both serially (~4.4s). The recipe does all RPC round
+ * trips up front, fires a single bare raw send carrying a fake (garbage) blob sidecar that anvil rejects
+ * after loading its trusted setup, yields once to flush the socket write, then synchronously builds our
+ * own precomp tables while anvil warms in parallel. The fake tx is rejected at admission, so it never
+ * enters the pool, mines no block, and burns no nonce — sending it from the passed client is harmless.
+ *
+ * Best-effort: any failure is debug-logged and swallowed, leaving lazy init as the fallback. Never throws.
+ *
+ * @param l1Client - The L1 client whose account sends the (rejected) warm-up blob tx.
+ */
+export async function warmBlobKzg(l1Client: ExtendedViemWalletClient, logger?: Logger): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    // A pure-JS fake kzg: returns deterministic garbage of the correct lengths (commitment and proof are
+    // both 48 bytes). It makes viem build a syntactically valid sidecar without initializing any native
+    // module, so anvil loads its trusted setup to validate the (invalid) proof and then rejects the tx.
+    const fakeKzg = {
+      blobToKzgCommitment: () => {
+        const commitment = new Uint8Array(getBytesPerCommitment());
+        commitment.fill(0xab);
+        commitment[0] = 0xc0;
+        return commitment;
+      },
+      computeBlobKzgProof: () => {
+        const proof = new Uint8Array(getBytesPerCommitment());
+        proof.fill(0xcd);
+        proof[0] = 0xc0;
+        return proof;
+      },
+    };
+
+    // All RPC round trips (nonce, fees, gas) happen here, so only a single socket write remains to flush.
+    const prepared = await l1Client.prepareTransactionRequest({
+      blobs: [new Uint8Array(getBytesPerBlob())],
+      kzg: fakeKzg,
+      to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      value: 0n,
+      maxFeePerBlobGas: 1_000_000_000_000n,
+    });
+    const serialized = await l1Client.signTransaction(prepared);
+
+    // Fire the raw send without awaiting and swallow the expected rejection.
+    const sent = l1Client.request({ method: 'eth_sendRawTransaction', params: [serialized] }).catch(() => {});
+
+    // Flush the single socket write so anvil receives the tx and starts loading its trusted setup in its
+    // own process before we block the event loop below.
+    await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+    // Synchronously build our precomp tables (~2.2s, event-loop-blocking); anvil warms in parallel.
+    getKzg();
+
+    await sent;
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger?.debug('Failed to warm blob KZG; falling back to lazy init', { err });
+  }
+}

package/src/test/chain_monitor.ts

@@ -36,9 +36,20 @@ export type ChainMonitorEventMap = {
   'l2-fees': [L2FeeData];
 };
 
+/** Options for tuning what the {@link ChainMonitor} polls on each new L1 block. */
+export type ChainMonitorOptions = {
+  /**
+   * Whether to fetch L2 fee/oracle data (5 extra rollup reads per new L1 block) and emit `l2-fees`.
+   * Defaults to `true`. Set to `false` for tests that only care about slot/checkpoint/proven state to
+   * avoid the extra round-trips.
+   */
+  includeFeeData?: boolean;
+};
+
 /** Utility class that polls the chain on quick intervals and logs new L1 blocks, L2 blocks, and L2 proofs. */
 export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
   private readonly l1Client: ViemClient;
+  private readonly includeFeeData: boolean;
   private inbox: InboxContract | undefined;
   private handle: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
   // eslint-disable-next-line aztec-custom/no-non-primitive-in-collections
@@ -68,9 +79,11 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
     private readonly dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
     private readonly logger = createLogger('aztecjs:utils:chain_monitor'),
     private readonly intervalMs = 200,
+    options: ChainMonitorOptions = {},
   ) {
     super();
     this.l1Client = rollup.client;
+    this.includeFeeData = options.includeFeeData ?? true;
   }
 
   start() {
@@ -183,11 +196,13 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
       this.emit('l2-slot', { l2SlotNumber, timestamp });
     }
 
-    const feeData = await this.fetchFeeData(timestamp);
-    if (this.hasFeeDataChanged(feeData)) {
-      msg += ` with L2 min fee ${feeData.minFeePerMana}`;
-      this.l2FeeData = feeData;
-      this.emit('l2-fees', feeData);
+    if (this.includeFeeData) {
+      const feeData = await this.fetchFeeData(timestamp);
+      if (this.hasFeeDataChanged(feeData)) {
+        msg += ` with L2 min fee ${feeData.minFeePerMana}`;
+        this.l2FeeData = feeData;
+        this.emit('l2-fees', feeData);
+      }
     }
 
     this.logger.info(msg, {
@@ -221,6 +236,11 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
     });
   }
 
+  public async waitUntilNextL2Slot(): Promise<void> {
+    const targetSlot = SlotNumber.add((await this.run()).l2SlotNumber, 1);
+    return this.waitUntilL2Slot(targetSlot);
+  }
+
   public waitUntilL1Block(block: number | bigint): Promise<void> {
     const targetBlock = typeof block === 'bigint' ? block.valueOf() : block;
     if (this.l1BlockNumber >= targetBlock) {
@@ -268,6 +288,74 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Resolves with the first `checkpoint` event whose payload satisfies `match`. Unlike
+   * {@link waitUntilCheckpoint} (which waits for a target number), this lets callers wait for an
+   * arbitrary checkpoint property (e.g. one published in the first half of its slot). Rejects after
+   * `opts.timeout` ms if provided; otherwise waits indefinitely.
+   *
+   * By default this is purely event-driven and only resolves on the *next* matching checkpoint that
+   * arrives after the call. Set `checkCurrentCheckpoint` to also test the current checkpoint first (via
+   * a fresh {@link run} snapshot) and short-circuit if it already satisfies `match`. Use it only for
+   * latching state predicates (e.g. "checkpoint number has passed N"), where an already-satisfied
+   * result is valid and you want to avoid missing an advance that landed before the listener attached.
+   * Do NOT set it when the predicate depends on observing the checkpoint live (e.g. one published
+   * mid-slot that the caller then times against wall-clock), since it may return a checkpoint whose
+   * slot has already elapsed.
+   */
+  public async waitForCheckpoint(
+    match: (event: ChainMonitorEventMap['checkpoint'][0]) => boolean,
+    opts: { timeout?: number; checkCurrentCheckpoint?: boolean } = {},
+  ): Promise<ChainMonitorEventMap['checkpoint'][0]> {
+    if (opts.checkCurrentCheckpoint) {
+      await this.run();
+      const current: ChainMonitorEventMap['checkpoint'][0] = {
+        checkpointNumber: this.checkpointNumber,
+        l1BlockNumber: this.l1BlockNumber,
+        l2SlotNumber: this.l2SlotNumber,
+        timestamp: this.checkpointTimestamp,
+      };
+      if (match(current)) {
+        return current;
+      }
+    }
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      let timer: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
+      const listener = (event: ChainMonitorEventMap['checkpoint'][0]) => {
+        if (match(event)) {
+          if (timer) {
+            clearTimeout(timer);
+          }
+          this.off('checkpoint', listener);
+          resolve(event);
+        }
+      };
+      if (opts.timeout !== undefined) {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => {
+          this.off('checkpoint', listener);
+          reject(new Error(`Timed out after ${opts.timeout}ms waiting for a matching checkpoint`));
+        }, opts.timeout);
+      }
+      this.on('checkpoint', listener);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Resolves once the proven checkpoint number reaches `checkpointNumber`. */
+  public waitUntilCheckpointProven(checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.provenCheckpointNumber >= checkpointNumber) {
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    }
+    return new Promise(resolve => {
+      const listener = (data: { provenCheckpointNumber: CheckpointNumber; timestamp: bigint }) => {
+        if (data.provenCheckpointNumber >= checkpointNumber) {
+          this.off('checkpoint-proven', listener);
+          resolve();
+        }
+      };
+      this.on('checkpoint-proven', listener);
+    });
+  }
+
   private async fetchFeeData(timestamp: bigint): Promise<L2FeeData> {
     const [components, minFeePerMana, l1Fees, ethPerFeeAsset, manaTarget] = await Promise.all([
       this.rollup.getManaMinFeeComponentsAt(timestamp, true),

package/src/test/eth_cheat_codes.ts

@@ -95,6 +95,16 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
     return parseInt(res.timestamp, 16);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Get the timestamp of the pending L1 block — the block that anvil will mine next.
+   * Reflects any prior `setNextBlockTimestamp` call or the configured block interval.
+   * @returns The pending block timestamp in seconds.
+   */
+  public async nextBlockTimestamp(): Promise<number> {
+    const res = await this.doRpcCall('eth_getBlockByNumber', ['pending', false]);
+    return parseInt(res.timestamp, 16);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Advance the chain by a number of blocks
    * @param numberOfBlocks - The number of blocks to mine
@@ -196,6 +206,22 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Starts interval mining from a freshly mined block and syncs the date provider to the block timestamp.
+   */
+  public async startIntervalMiningWithFreshBlock(seconds: number): Promise<void> {
+    if (seconds <= 0) {
+      throw new Error(`Interval mining requires a positive interval, got ${seconds}`);
+    }
+
+    await this.setAutomine(false);
+    await this.setIntervalMining(0, { silent: true });
+    await this.evmMine();
+    await this.syncDateProvider();
+    await this.setIntervalMining(seconds);
+    this.logger.warn(`Started L1 interval mining at ${seconds} seconds from a fresh block`);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Set the automine status of the underlying anvil chain
    * @param automine - The automine status to set
@@ -468,58 +494,46 @@ export class EthCheatCodes {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Mines an empty block by temporarily removing all pending transactions from the mempool,
-   * mining a block, and then re-adding the transactions back to the pool.
+   * Mines empty blocks while leaving any pending transactions untouched in the mempool.
+   *
+   * Never manipulates the mempool, so it is immune to the race that dropping and re-adding txs has against a
+   * concurrent publisher that is monitoring and re-broadcasting the same in-flight tx (with that approach the
+   * in-flight tx could reappear in the pool and be swept into the "empty" block, mining a proposal the caller
+   * expected to stay pending). Works in two steps: first the block gas limit is temporarily lowered below the
+   * intrinsic cost of any transaction (21000 gas) and the blocks are mined, so no pending tx is includable;
+   * then those blocks are reorged out and replaced with empty blocks mined at the restored gas limit. The
+   * reorg is needed because anvil applies a new gas limit only to future blocks: without it the just-mined
+   * blocks would keep the tiny gas limit, and an `eth_call` against `latest` (whose gas is capped by the
+   * block gas limit) would revert with "intrinsic gas too high".
    */
   public async mineEmptyBlock(blockCount: number = 1): Promise<void> {
     await this.execWithPausedAnvil(async () => {
-      // Get all pending and queued transactions from the pool
-      const txs = await this.getTxPoolContents();
-
-      this.logger.debug(`Found ${txs.length} transactions in pool`);
-
-      // Get raw transactions before dropping them
-      const rawTxs: Hex[] = [];
-      for (const tx of txs) {
-        try {
-          const rawTx = await this.doRpcCall('debug_getRawTransaction', [tx.hash]);
-          if (rawTx) {
-            rawTxs.push(rawTx);
-            this.logger.debug(`Got raw tx for ${tx.hash}`);
-          } else {
-            this.logger.warn(`No raw tx found for ${tx.hash}`);
-          }
-        } catch {
-          this.logger.warn(`Failed to get raw transaction for ${tx.hash}`);
-        }
-      }
-
-      this.logger.debug(`Retrieved ${rawTxs.length} raw transactions`);
-
-      // Drop all transactions from the mempool
-      await this.doRpcCall('anvil_dropAllTransactions', []);
-
-      // Mine an empty block
-      await this.doMine(blockCount);
-
-      // Re-add the transactions to the pool
-      for (const rawTx of rawTxs) {
-        try {
-          const txHash = await this.doRpcCall('eth_sendRawTransaction', [rawTx]);
-          this.logger.debug(`Re-added transaction ${txHash}`);
-        } catch (err) {
-          this.logger.warn(`Failed to re-add transaction: ${err}`);
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (rawTxs.length !== txs.length) {
-        this.logger.warn(`Failed to add all txs back: had ${txs.length} but re-added ${rawTxs.length}`);
+      const originalGasLimit = await this.getBlockGasLimit();
+      try {
+        await this.setBlockGasLimit(1n);
+        await this.doMine(blockCount);
+      } finally {
+        await this.setBlockGasLimit(originalGasLimit);
       }
+      // Replace the tiny-gas-limit blocks with empty blocks at the restored gas limit, keeping the same
+      // height and timestamps. The reorged-out blocks held no transactions, so nothing returns to the pool.
+      await this.doRpcCall('anvil_reorg', [blockCount, []]);
     });
 
     this.logger.warn(`Mined ${blockCount} empty L1 ${pluralize('block', blockCount)}`);
   }
 
+  /** Returns the gas limit of the latest mined L1 block. */
+  public async getBlockGasLimit(): Promise<bigint> {
+    const block = await this.doRpcCall('eth_getBlockByNumber', ['latest', false]);
+    return BigInt(block.gasLimit);
+  }
+
+  /** Sets the block gas limit applied to subsequently mined L1 blocks. */
+  public async setBlockGasLimit(gasLimit: bigint): Promise<void> {
+    await this.doRpcCall('anvil_setBlockGasLimit', [toHex(gasLimit)]);
+  }
+
   public async execWithPausedAnvil<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
     const [blockInterval, wasAutoMining] = await Promise.all([this.getIntervalMining(), this.isAutoMining()]);
     try {

package/src/test/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export * from './blob_kzg_warmup.js';
 export * from './eth_cheat_codes.js';
 export * from './eth_cheat_codes_with_state.js';
 export * from './start_anvil.js';

package/src/test/recording_rpc_server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { type Server, createServer } from 'node:http';
+
+/** A JSON-RPC endpoint that records the method of every request it receives. */
+export type RecordingRpcServer = {
+  /** URL the server listens on. */
+  url: string;
+  /** Methods of the JSON-RPC requests received so far, in arrival order. */
+  methods: string[];
+  /** Stops the server. */
+  close: () => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Starts a JSON-RPC server that records the method of every request it receives, so tests can assert on what a
+ * client actually put on the wire. Requests are forwarded to `forwardTo` when given; otherwise the server answers
+ * `eth_chainId` with the anvil chain id and rejects anything else.
+ */
+export async function startRecordingRpcServer(opts: { forwardTo?: string } = {}): Promise<RecordingRpcServer> {
+  const methods: string[] = [];
+
+  const server: Server = createServer((req, res) => {
+    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    req.on('data', chunk => chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk)));
+    req.on('end', () => {
+      void (async () => {
+        const body = Buffer.concat(chunks).toString();
+        const parsed: unknown = body.length > 0 ? JSON.parse(body) : undefined;
+        const requests = Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : [parsed];
+        for (const request of requests) {
+          const method = (request as { method?: string } | undefined)?.method;
+          if (typeof method === 'string') {
+            methods.push(method);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (opts.forwardTo) {
+          const response = await fetch(opts.forwardTo, {
+            method: 'POST',
+            headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+            body,
+          });
+          res.writeHead(response.status, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+          res.end(await response.text());
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const id = (requests[0] as { id?: number } | undefined)?.id ?? 1;
+        const result =
+          methods[methods.length - 1] === 'eth_chainId'
+            ? { jsonrpc: '2.0', id, result: '0x7a69' }
+            : { jsonrpc: '2.0', id, error: { code: -32601, message: 'method not handled by test server' } };
+        res.writeHead(200, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+        res.end(JSON.stringify(result));
+      })();
+    });
+  });
+
+  await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve));
+  const address = server.address();
+  if (!address || typeof address === 'string') {
+    throw new Error('Expected recording RPC server to listen on a TCP port');
+  }
+
+  return {
+    url: `http://127.0.0.1:${address.port}`,
+    methods,
+    close: () => new Promise<void>(resolve => server.close(() => resolve())),
+  };
+}