@asterxsk/kiln 0.3.0 → 0.4.2

package/agent/extensions/pi-web-access/ssrf-protection.ts

@@ -1,526 +1,526 @@
-import { lookup as dnsLookup } from "node:dns/promises";
-import { existsSync, readFileSync, statSync } from "node:fs";
-import net from "node:net";
-import { getActiveProxy, getWebSearchConfigPath, hasScopedProxyDecision, isProxyBypassedUrl } from "./utils.ts";
-
-const DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 5;
-const REDIRECT_STATUSES = new Set([301, 302, 303, 307, 308]);
-const LOOPBACK_ALLOW_RANGES = ["127.0.0.0/8", "::1", "::ffff:127.0.0.0/104"];
-
-export type LookupAddress = { address: string; family: number };
-export type Lookup = (hostname: string) => Promise<LookupAddress[]>;
-type Fetch = typeof fetch;
-
-const WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH = getWebSearchConfigPath();
-
-let cachedConfigRoot: { signature: string; value: Record<string, unknown> | null } | null = null;
-
-function loadConfigRoot(): Record<string, unknown> | null {
-	if (!existsSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH)) return null;
-
-	let signature: string;
-	try {
-		const stat = statSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH);
-		signature = `${stat.mtimeMs}:${stat.size}`;
-	} catch {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	if (cachedConfigRoot?.signature === signature) return cachedConfigRoot.value;
-
-	let raw: string;
-	try {
-		raw = readFileSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH, "utf-8");
-	} catch {
-		// Do not memoize read failures: a chmod fix changes neither mtime nor size,
-		// so a cached failure would permanently fail-open the domain policy.
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	let parsed: unknown;
-	try {
-		parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-		throw new Error(`Failed to parse ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}: ${message}`);
-	}
-
-	const value = parsed && typeof parsed === "object" && !Array.isArray(parsed)
-		? parsed as Record<string, unknown>
-		: null;
-	cachedConfigRoot = { signature, value };
-	return value;
-}
-
-export interface SsrfConfig {
-	allowRanges: string[];
-	trustEnvProxy: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface DomainPolicy {
-	allow: string[];
-	deny: string[];
-}
-
-const DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY: DomainPolicy = { allow: [], deny: [] };
-
-export function loadFetchContentDomainPolicy(): DomainPolicy {
-	const parsed = loadConfigRoot();
-	if (!parsed) return { ...DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY };
-	const fetchContent = parsed.fetchContent;
-	if (fetchContent === undefined || fetchContent === null) return { ...DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY };
-	if (typeof fetchContent !== "object" || Array.isArray(fetchContent)) {
-		throw new Error(`fetchContent in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
-	}
-	const policy = (fetchContent as { domainPolicy?: unknown }).domainPolicy;
-	if (policy === undefined || policy === null) return { ...DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY };
-	if (typeof policy !== "object" || Array.isArray(policy)) {
-		throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
-	}
-	const config = policy as { allow?: unknown; deny?: unknown };
-	return {
-		allow: parseDomainEntries(config.allow, "allow"),
-		deny: parseDomainEntries(config.deny, "deny"),
-	};
-}
-
-function parseDomainEntries(value: unknown, field: "allow" | "deny"): string[] {
-	if (value === undefined || value === null) return [];
-	if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
-		throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy.${field} in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an array of hostnames`);
-	}
-	return value.map((entry, index) => {
-		if (typeof entry !== "string") {
-			throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy.${field} in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must contain only hostnames; entry ${index + 1} is ${typeof entry}`);
-		}
-		const hostname = normalizeDomainEntry(entry);
-		if (!hostname) {
-			throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy.${field} in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} contains an invalid hostname: ${JSON.stringify(entry)}`);
-		}
-		return hostname;
-	});
-}
-
-function normalizeDomainEntry(entry: string): string | null {
-	const hostname = normalizeHostname(entry.trim());
-	if (!hostname || /\s|[\\/?:#@]/.test(hostname)) return null;
-	if (net.isIP(hostname)) return hostname;
-	if (hostname.length > 253 || !/^(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?\.)*[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?$/i.test(hostname)) return null;
-	return hostname;
-}
-
-export function loadSsrfConfig(): SsrfConfig {
-	const parsed = loadConfigRoot();
-	if (!parsed) return { allowRanges: [], trustEnvProxy: false };
-	const ssrf = parsed.ssrf;
-	if (ssrf === undefined || ssrf === null) return { allowRanges: [], trustEnvProxy: false };
-	if (typeof ssrf !== "object" || Array.isArray(ssrf)) {
-		throw new Error(`ssrf in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
-	}
-	const config = ssrf as { allowRanges?: unknown; trustEnvProxy?: unknown };
-	if (config.allowRanges !== undefined && config.allowRanges !== null && !Array.isArray(config.allowRanges)) {
-		throw new Error(`ssrf.allowRanges in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an array of CIDR strings`);
-	}
-	if (config.trustEnvProxy !== undefined && typeof config.trustEnvProxy !== "boolean") {
-		throw new Error(`ssrf.trustEnvProxy in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be a boolean`);
-	}
-	const allowRangesValue: unknown[] = Array.isArray(config.allowRanges) ? config.allowRanges : [];
-	const allowRanges = allowRangesValue.map((entry, index) => {
-		if (typeof entry !== "string") {
-			throw new Error(`ssrf.allowRanges in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must contain only CIDR strings; entry ${index + 1} is ${typeof entry}`);
-		}
-		return entry.trim();
-	}).filter(Boolean);
-	parseAllowRanges(allowRanges);
-	return { allowRanges, trustEnvProxy: config.trustEnvProxy === true };
-}
-
-interface ValidationOptions {
-	lookup?: Lookup;
-	/** Optional hostname policy for fetch_content target URLs. */
-	domainPolicy?: DomainPolicy;
-	/**
-	 * CIDR ranges (e.g. "198.18.0.0/15") to exempt from the SSRF guard.
-	 * Useful when a host runs a TUN/fake-IP proxy (Surge, Clash, Mihomo, ...)
-	 * that resolves public domains into a reserved range. Entries are validated
-	 * strictly; an invalid entry throws so misconfiguration is not silent.
-	 */
-	allowRanges?: string[];
-	/**
-	 * When true, trust an explicitly-configured HTTP(S) proxy for hostname
-	 * resolution instead of performing local DNS lookups inside the sandbox.
-	 * Literal IPs and localhost remain blocked, and NO_PROXY hosts still use
-	 * the local SSRF preflight. This does not configure proxy transport.
-	 */
-	trustEnvProxy?: boolean;
-	/** Allow loopback URLs for explicit provider base endpoints, not fetched targets. */
-	allowLoopback?: boolean;
-}
-
-/** Parsed entry from `allowRanges`: a network address (4 or 16 bytes) + prefix length. */
-interface ParsedCidr {
-	bytes: Uint8Array;
-	prefix: number;
-}
-
-interface RedirectRequestInitArgs {
-	from: URL;
-	to: URL;
-	init: RequestInit;
-	response: Response;
-}
-
-interface FetchRemoteOptions extends ValidationOptions {
-	fetch?: Fetch;
-	maxRedirects?: number;
-	onRedirect?: (args: RedirectRequestInitArgs) => RequestInit;
-}
-
-async function defaultLookup(hostname: string): Promise<LookupAddress[]> {
-	return dnsLookup(hostname, { all: true, verbatim: true });
-}
-
-export async function validateRemoteUrl(rawUrl: string | URL, options: ValidationOptions = {}): Promise<URL> {
-	const url = rawUrl instanceof URL ? rawUrl : new URL(rawUrl);
-	if (url.protocol !== "http:" && url.protocol !== "https:") {
-		throw new Error("Only HTTP and HTTPS URLs can be fetched remotely");
-	}
-
-	const hostname = normalizeHostname(url.hostname);
-	if (!hostname) throw new Error("URL must include a hostname");
-	if (hostname === "localhost") {
-		if (options.allowLoopback === true) return url;
-		throw new Error(`Blocked internal hostname: ${hostname}`);
-	}
-	if (hostname.endsWith(".localhost")) {
-		throw new Error(`Blocked internal hostname: ${hostname}`);
-	}
-
-	const allowRanges = parseAllowRanges(options.allowRanges);
-	assertDomainPolicy(hostname, options.domainPolicy);
-
-	if (net.isIP(hostname)) {
-		const addressAllowRanges = options.allowLoopback === true
-			? [...allowRanges, ...parseAllowRanges(LOOPBACK_ALLOW_RANGES)]
-			: allowRanges;
-		assertPublicAddress(hostname, hostname, addressAllowRanges);
-		return url;
-	}
-
-	if (shouldTrustEnvProxy(url, options.trustEnvProxy === true)) return url;
-
-	let addresses: LookupAddress[];
-	try {
-		addresses = await (options.lookup ?? defaultLookup)(hostname);
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-		throw new Error(`Failed to resolve ${hostname}: ${message}`);
-	}
-
-	if (addresses.length === 0) throw new Error(`Failed to resolve ${hostname}: no addresses returned`);
-	for (const { address } of addresses) {
-		assertPublicAddress(address, hostname, allowRanges);
-	}
-	return url;
-}
-
-export async function fetchRemoteUrl(
-	url: string | URL,
-	init: RequestInit = {},
-	options: FetchRemoteOptions = {},
-): Promise<Response> {
-	const fetchImpl = options.fetch ?? fetch;
-	const maxRedirects = options.maxRedirects ?? DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS;
-	let current = await validateRemoteUrl(url, options);
-	let requestInit = init;
-
-	for (let redirects = 0; redirects <= maxRedirects; redirects++) {
-		const response = await fetchImpl(current, { ...requestInit, redirect: "manual" });
-		if (!REDIRECT_STATUSES.has(response.status)) return response;
-
-		const location = response.headers.get("location");
-		if (!location) return response;
-		if (redirects === maxRedirects) throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
-
-		const from = current;
-		current = await validateRemoteUrl(new URL(location, current), options);
-		if (response.status === 303 || ((response.status === 301 || response.status === 302) && requestInit.method?.toUpperCase() === "POST")) {
-			const { body: _body, ...nextInit } = requestInit;
-			requestInit = { ...nextInit, method: "GET" };
-		}
-		if (options.onRedirect) requestInit = options.onRedirect({ from, to: current, init: requestInit, response });
-	}
-
-	throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
-}
-
-function normalizeHostname(hostname: string): string {
-	return hostname.toLowerCase().replace(/^\[|\]$/g, "").replace(/\.$/, "");
-}
-
-function assertDomainPolicy(hostname: string, policy?: DomainPolicy): void {
-	if (!policy) return;
-	if (policy.deny.some((entry) => domainMatches(hostname, entry))) {
-		throw new Error(`Blocked hostname by fetch_content domain policy: ${hostname}`);
-	}
-	if (policy.allow.length > 0 && !policy.allow.some((entry) => domainMatches(hostname, entry))) {
-		throw new Error(`Hostname not allowed by fetch_content domain policy: ${hostname}`);
-	}
-}
-
-function domainMatches(hostname: string, entry: string): boolean {
-	return hostname === entry || hostname.endsWith(`.${entry}`);
-}
-
-function getProxyForProtocol(protocol: string): string {
-	const candidates = protocol === "http:"
-		? [process.env.HTTP_PROXY, process.env.http_proxy, process.env.ALL_PROXY, process.env.all_proxy]
-		: protocol === "https:"
-			? [process.env.HTTPS_PROXY, process.env.https_proxy, process.env.HTTP_PROXY, process.env.http_proxy, process.env.ALL_PROXY, process.env.all_proxy]
-			: [];
-	for (const candidate of candidates) {
-		const value = candidate?.trim();
-		if (!value) continue;
-		try {
-			const proxyUrl = new URL(value);
-			if ((proxyUrl.protocol === "http:" || proxyUrl.protocol === "https:") && proxyUrl.hostname) return value;
-		} catch {
-			// Invalid proxy env vars should not weaken local DNS SSRF checks.
-		}
-	}
-	return "";
-}
-
-function hostnameMatchesNoProxy(hostname: string, port: string, entry: string): boolean {
-	const trimmed = entry.trim();
-	if (!trimmed) return false;
-	if (trimmed === "*") return true;
-
-	// NO_PROXY entries may include a port. Strip it only after handling
-	// bracketed IPv6 literals, which can contain several colons.
-	let hostEntry = trimmed;
-	let entryPort: string | undefined;
-	if (hostEntry.startsWith("[")) {
-		const closingBracket = hostEntry.indexOf("]");
-		if (closingBracket >= 0) {
-			const suffix = hostEntry.slice(closingBracket + 1);
-			if (/^:\\d+$/.test(suffix)) entryPort = suffix.slice(1);
-			hostEntry = hostEntry.slice(0, closingBracket + 1);
-		}
-	} else {
-		const colon = hostEntry.lastIndexOf(":");
-		if (colon > -1 && /^\d+$/.test(hostEntry.slice(colon + 1))) {
-			entryPort = hostEntry.slice(colon + 1);
-			hostEntry = hostEntry.slice(0, colon);
-		}
-	}
-	if (entryPort !== undefined && entryPort !== port) return false;
-
-	const normalizedEntry = normalizeHostname(hostEntry);
-	if (!normalizedEntry) return false;
-	if (normalizedEntry === hostname) return true;
-	const suffix = normalizedEntry.startsWith("*.")
-		? normalizedEntry.slice(1)
-		: normalizedEntry.startsWith(".")
-			? normalizedEntry
-			: `.${normalizedEntry}`;
-	return hostname.endsWith(suffix);
-}
-
-function shouldTrustEnvProxy(url: URL, enabled: boolean): boolean {
-	if (!enabled || !getProxyForProtocol(url.protocol)) return false;
-	if (hasScopedProxyDecision()) return false;
-	const activeProxy = getActiveProxy();
-	if (activeProxy && !isProxyBypassedUrl(url)) return false;
-	const hostname = normalizeHostname(url.hostname);
-	const port = url.port || (url.protocol === "https:" ? "443" : "80");
-	const noProxy = process.env.NO_PROXY || process.env.no_proxy || "";
-	return !noProxy.split(",").some(entry => hostnameMatchesNoProxy(hostname, port, entry));
-}
-
-function assertPublicAddress(address: string, hostname: string, allowRanges: ParsedCidr[] = []): void {
-	const normalized = normalizeHostname(address);
-	const ipVersion = net.isIP(normalized);
-	if (ipVersion === 0) throw new Error(`Resolved non-IP address for ${hostname}: ${address}`);
-	// Explicitly-allowed ranges bypass the private/reserved checks below. This lets
-	// users exempt synthetic ranges produced by TUN/fake-IP proxies (e.g. 198.18/15).
-	if (isInAllowedRange(normalized, ipVersion, allowRanges)) return;
-	if (ipVersion === 4 && isBlockedIPv4(normalized)) {
-		const hint = isFakeIpProxyAddress(normalized)
-			? '. This address is in 198.18.0.0/15, commonly used by TUN/fake-IP proxies. If that matches your setup, configure ssrf.allowRanges with ["198.18.0.0/15"] in web-search.json.'
-			: "";
-		throw new Error(`Blocked internal address for ${hostname}: ${normalized}${hint}`);
-	}
-	if (ipVersion === 6 && isBlockedIPv6(normalized)) {
-		throw new Error(`Blocked internal address for ${hostname}: ${normalized}`);
-	}
-}
-
-function isFakeIpProxyAddress(address: string): boolean {
-	const [a, b] = address.split(".").map(part => Number(part));
-	return a === 198 && (b === 18 || b === 19);
-}
-
-function isBlockedIPv4(address: string): boolean {
-	const parts = address.split(".").map(part => Number(part));
-	if (parts.length !== 4 || parts.some(part => !Number.isInteger(part) || part < 0 || part > 255)) return true;
-	const [a, b] = parts;
-	return a === 0 ||
-		a === 10 ||
-		a === 127 ||
-		(a === 100 && b >= 64 && b <= 127) ||
-		(a === 169 && b === 254) ||
-		(a === 172 && b >= 16 && b <= 31) ||
-		(a === 192 && b === 168) ||
-		isFakeIpProxyAddress(address) ||
-		a >= 224;
-}
-
-function isBlockedIPv6(address: string): boolean {
-	const groups = parseIPv6(address);
-	if (!groups) return true;
-
-	const first = groups[0];
-	if (groups.every(group => group === 0)) return true;
-	if (groups.slice(0, 7).every(group => group === 0) && groups[7] === 1) return true;
-	if ((first & 0xfe00) === 0xfc00) return true;
-	if ((first & 0xffc0) === 0xfe80) return true;
-
-	const isMappedIPv4 = groups.slice(0, 5).every(group => group === 0) && groups[5] === 0xffff;
-	if (isMappedIPv4) {
-		const ipv4 = [groups[6] >> 8, groups[6] & 0xff, groups[7] >> 8, groups[7] & 0xff].join(".");
-		return isBlockedIPv4(ipv4);
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
-
-function parseIPv6(address: string): number[] | null {
-	if (address.includes(".")) {
-		const lastColon = address.lastIndexOf(":");
-		const ipv4 = address.slice(lastColon + 1);
-		if (net.isIP(ipv4) !== 4) return null;
-		const octets = ipv4.split(".").map(part => Number(part));
-		address = `${address.slice(0, lastColon)}:${((octets[0] << 8) | octets[1]).toString(16)}:${((octets[2] << 8) | octets[3]).toString(16)}`;
-	}
-
-	const pieces = address.split("::");
-	if (pieces.length > 2) return null;
-
-	const left = pieces[0] ? pieces[0].split(":") : [];
-	const right = pieces.length === 2 && pieces[1] ? pieces[1].split(":") : [];
-	const missing = 8 - left.length - right.length;
-	if (pieces.length === 1 && missing !== 0) return null;
-	if (pieces.length === 2 && missing < 0) return null;
-
-	const groups = [...left, ...Array(missing).fill("0"), ...right].map(part => {
-		if (!/^[0-9a-f]{1,4}$/i.test(part)) return -1;
-		return parseInt(part, 16);
-	});
-	return groups.length === 8 && groups.every(group => group >= 0 && group <= 0xffff) ? groups : null;
-}
-
-/** Parse `allowRanges` config value into validated CIDR rules. Throws on malformed entries. */
-function parseAllowRanges(input: unknown): ParsedCidr[] {
-	if (input === undefined || input === null) return [];
-	if (!Array.isArray(input)) {
-		throw new Error("ssrf.allowRanges must be an array of CIDR strings");
-	}
-	const rules: ParsedCidr[] = [];
-	for (const entry of input) {
-		if (typeof entry !== "string") {
-			throw new Error(`ssrf.allowRanges entries must be strings, got ${typeof entry}`);
-		}
-		const rule = parseCidr(entry.trim());
-		if (!rule) {
-			throw new Error(`Invalid CIDR notation in ssrf.allowRanges: "${entry}"`);
-		}
-		rules.push(rule);
-	}
-	return rules;
-}
-
-/** Parse a single CIDR (e.g. "198.18.0.0/15", "fd00::/8") or bare host ("1.2.3.4"). Returns null if invalid. */
-function parseCidr(raw: string): ParsedCidr | null {
-	if (!raw) return null;
-	const slash = raw.lastIndexOf("/");
-	const addrPart = slash >= 0 ? raw.slice(0, slash) : raw;
-	const prefixPart = slash >= 0 ? raw.slice(slash + 1) : null;
-	// A slash must be followed by digits. Number("")/Number(" ") are 0, which
-	// would silently turn "198.18.0.0/" into /0 and exempt every address.
-	if (prefixPart !== null && !/^\d+$/.test(prefixPart)) return null;
-	const version = net.isIP(addrPart);
-
-	if (version === 4) {
-		const bytes = ipv4ToBytes(addrPart);
-		if (!bytes) return null;
-		const prefix = prefixPart === null ? 32 : Number(prefixPart);
-		if (!Number.isInteger(prefix) || prefix < 1 || prefix > 32) return null;
-		return { bytes, prefix };
-	}
-	if (version === 6) {
-		const groups = parseIPv6(addrPart);
-		if (!groups) return null;
-		const prefix = prefixPart === null ? 128 : Number(prefixPart);
-		if (!Number.isInteger(prefix) || prefix < 1 || prefix > 128) return null;
-		return { bytes: ipv6GroupsToBytes(groups), prefix };
-	}
-	return null;
-}
-
-function ipv4ToBytes(address: string): Uint8Array | null {
-	const parts = address.split(".");
-	if (parts.length !== 4) return null;
-	const bytes = new Uint8Array(4);
-	for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-		const octet = Number(parts[i]);
-		if (!Number.isInteger(octet) || octet < 0 || octet > 255) return null;
-		bytes[i] = octet;
-	}
-	return bytes;
-}
-
-function ipv6GroupsToBytes(groups: number[]): Uint8Array {
-	const bytes = new Uint8Array(16);
-	for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-		bytes[i * 2] = groups[i] >> 8;
-		bytes[i * 2 + 1] = groups[i] & 0xff;
-	}
-	return bytes;
-}
-
-function ipToBytes(address: string, version: number): Uint8Array | null {
-	if (version === 4) return ipv4ToBytes(address);
-	if (version === 6) {
-		const groups = parseIPv6(address);
-		return groups ? ipv6GroupsToBytes(groups) : null;
-	}
-	return null;
-}
-
-/** True if `address` (already validated as `ipVersion`) falls within any allowed CIDR. */
-function isInAllowedRange(address: string, ipVersion: number, allowRanges: ParsedCidr[]): boolean {
-	if (allowRanges.length === 0) return false;
-	const addrBytes = ipToBytes(address, ipVersion);
-	if (!addrBytes) return false;
-	for (const rule of allowRanges) {
-		// Only compare same-family rules (4-byte IPv4 vs 16-byte IPv6).
-		if (rule.bytes.length !== addrBytes.length) continue;
-		if (bytesMatchPrefix(addrBytes, rule.bytes, rule.prefix)) return true;
-	}
-	return false;
-}
-
-/** Compare the leading `prefix` bits of two equal-length byte arrays. */
-function bytesMatchPrefix(addr: Uint8Array, network: Uint8Array, prefix: number): boolean {
-	const fullBytes = prefix >> 3;
-	const remBits = prefix & 7;
-	for (let i = 0; i < fullBytes; i++) {
-		if (addr[i] !== network[i]) return false;
-	}
-	if (remBits > 0 && fullBytes < addr.length) {
-		const mask = (0xff << (8 - remBits)) & 0xff;
-		if ((addr[fullBytes] & mask) !== (network[fullBytes] & mask)) return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
+import { lookup as dnsLookup } from "node:dns/promises";
+import { existsSync, readFileSync, statSync } from "node:fs";
+import net from "node:net";
+import { getActiveProxy, getWebSearchConfigPath, hasScopedProxyDecision, isProxyBypassedUrl } from "./utils.ts";
+
+const DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 5;
+const REDIRECT_STATUSES = new Set([301, 302, 303, 307, 308]);
+const LOOPBACK_ALLOW_RANGES = ["127.0.0.0/8", "::1", "::ffff:127.0.0.0/104"];
+
+export type LookupAddress = { address: string; family: number };
+export type Lookup = (hostname: string) => Promise<LookupAddress[]>;
+type Fetch = typeof fetch;
+
+const WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH = getWebSearchConfigPath();
+
+let cachedConfigRoot: { signature: string; value: Record<string, unknown> | null } | null = null;
+
+function loadConfigRoot(): Record<string, unknown> | null {
+	if (!existsSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH)) return null;
+
+	let signature: string;
+	try {
+		const stat = statSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH);
+		signature = `${stat.mtimeMs}:${stat.size}`;
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	if (cachedConfigRoot?.signature === signature) return cachedConfigRoot.value;
+
+	let raw: string;
+	try {
+		raw = readFileSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH, "utf-8");
+	} catch {
+		// Do not memoize read failures: a chmod fix changes neither mtime nor size,
+		// so a cached failure would permanently fail-open the domain policy.
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	let parsed: unknown;
+	try {
+		parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		throw new Error(`Failed to parse ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}: ${message}`);
+	}
+
+	const value = parsed && typeof parsed === "object" && !Array.isArray(parsed)
+		? parsed as Record<string, unknown>
+		: null;
+	cachedConfigRoot = { signature, value };
+	return value;
+}
+
+export interface SsrfConfig {
+	allowRanges: string[];
+	trustEnvProxy: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface DomainPolicy {
+	allow: string[];
+	deny: string[];
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY: DomainPolicy = { allow: [], deny: [] };
+
+export function loadFetchContentDomainPolicy(): DomainPolicy {
+	const parsed = loadConfigRoot();
+	if (!parsed) return { ...DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY };
+	const fetchContent = parsed.fetchContent;
+	if (fetchContent === undefined || fetchContent === null) return { ...DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY };
+	if (typeof fetchContent !== "object" || Array.isArray(fetchContent)) {
+		throw new Error(`fetchContent in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
+	}
+	const policy = (fetchContent as { domainPolicy?: unknown }).domainPolicy;
+	if (policy === undefined || policy === null) return { ...DEFAULT_DOMAIN_POLICY };
+	if (typeof policy !== "object" || Array.isArray(policy)) {
+		throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
+	}
+	const config = policy as { allow?: unknown; deny?: unknown };
+	return {
+		allow: parseDomainEntries(config.allow, "allow"),
+		deny: parseDomainEntries(config.deny, "deny"),
+	};
+}
+
+function parseDomainEntries(value: unknown, field: "allow" | "deny"): string[] {
+	if (value === undefined || value === null) return [];
+	if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+		throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy.${field} in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an array of hostnames`);
+	}
+	return value.map((entry, index) => {
+		if (typeof entry !== "string") {
+			throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy.${field} in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must contain only hostnames; entry ${index + 1} is ${typeof entry}`);
+		}
+		const hostname = normalizeDomainEntry(entry);
+		if (!hostname) {
+			throw new Error(`fetchContent.domainPolicy.${field} in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} contains an invalid hostname: ${JSON.stringify(entry)}`);
+		}
+		return hostname;
+	});
+}
+
+function normalizeDomainEntry(entry: string): string | null {
+	const hostname = normalizeHostname(entry.trim());
+	if (!hostname || /\s|[\\/?:#@]/.test(hostname)) return null;
+	if (net.isIP(hostname)) return hostname;
+	if (hostname.length > 253 || !/^(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?\.)*[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?$/i.test(hostname)) return null;
+	return hostname;
+}
+
+export function loadSsrfConfig(): SsrfConfig {
+	const parsed = loadConfigRoot();
+	if (!parsed) return { allowRanges: [], trustEnvProxy: false };
+	const ssrf = parsed.ssrf;
+	if (ssrf === undefined || ssrf === null) return { allowRanges: [], trustEnvProxy: false };
+	if (typeof ssrf !== "object" || Array.isArray(ssrf)) {
+		throw new Error(`ssrf in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
+	}
+	const config = ssrf as { allowRanges?: unknown; trustEnvProxy?: unknown };
+	if (config.allowRanges !== undefined && config.allowRanges !== null && !Array.isArray(config.allowRanges)) {
+		throw new Error(`ssrf.allowRanges in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an array of CIDR strings`);
+	}
+	if (config.trustEnvProxy !== undefined && typeof config.trustEnvProxy !== "boolean") {
+		throw new Error(`ssrf.trustEnvProxy in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be a boolean`);
+	}
+	const allowRangesValue: unknown[] = Array.isArray(config.allowRanges) ? config.allowRanges : [];
+	const allowRanges = allowRangesValue.map((entry, index) => {
+		if (typeof entry !== "string") {
+			throw new Error(`ssrf.allowRanges in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must contain only CIDR strings; entry ${index + 1} is ${typeof entry}`);
+		}
+		return entry.trim();
+	}).filter(Boolean);
+	parseAllowRanges(allowRanges);
+	return { allowRanges, trustEnvProxy: config.trustEnvProxy === true };
+}
+
+interface ValidationOptions {
+	lookup?: Lookup;
+	/** Optional hostname policy for fetch_content target URLs. */
+	domainPolicy?: DomainPolicy;
+	/**
+	 * CIDR ranges (e.g. "198.18.0.0/15") to exempt from the SSRF guard.
+	 * Useful when a host runs a TUN/fake-IP proxy (Surge, Clash, Mihomo, ...)
+	 * that resolves public domains into a reserved range. Entries are validated
+	 * strictly; an invalid entry throws so misconfiguration is not silent.
+	 */
+	allowRanges?: string[];
+	/**
+	 * When true, trust an explicitly-configured HTTP(S) proxy for hostname
+	 * resolution instead of performing local DNS lookups inside the sandbox.
+	 * Literal IPs and localhost remain blocked, and NO_PROXY hosts still use
+	 * the local SSRF preflight. This does not configure proxy transport.
+	 */
+	trustEnvProxy?: boolean;
+	/** Allow loopback URLs for explicit provider base endpoints, not fetched targets. */
+	allowLoopback?: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Parsed entry from `allowRanges`: a network address (4 or 16 bytes) + prefix length. */
+interface ParsedCidr {
+	bytes: Uint8Array;
+	prefix: number;
+}
+
+interface RedirectRequestInitArgs {
+	from: URL;
+	to: URL;
+	init: RequestInit;
+	response: Response;
+}
+
+interface FetchRemoteOptions extends ValidationOptions {
+	fetch?: Fetch;
+	maxRedirects?: number;
+	onRedirect?: (args: RedirectRequestInitArgs) => RequestInit;
+}
+
+async function defaultLookup(hostname: string): Promise<LookupAddress[]> {
+	return dnsLookup(hostname, { all: true, verbatim: true });
+}
+
+export async function validateRemoteUrl(rawUrl: string | URL, options: ValidationOptions = {}): Promise<URL> {
+	const url = rawUrl instanceof URL ? rawUrl : new URL(rawUrl);
+	if (url.protocol !== "http:" && url.protocol !== "https:") {
+		throw new Error("Only HTTP and HTTPS URLs can be fetched remotely");
+	}
+
+	const hostname = normalizeHostname(url.hostname);
+	if (!hostname) throw new Error("URL must include a hostname");
+	if (hostname === "localhost") {
+		if (options.allowLoopback === true) return url;
+		throw new Error(`Blocked internal hostname: ${hostname}`);
+	}
+	if (hostname.endsWith(".localhost")) {
+		throw new Error(`Blocked internal hostname: ${hostname}`);
+	}
+
+	const allowRanges = parseAllowRanges(options.allowRanges);
+	assertDomainPolicy(hostname, options.domainPolicy);
+
+	if (net.isIP(hostname)) {
+		const addressAllowRanges = options.allowLoopback === true
+			? [...allowRanges, ...parseAllowRanges(LOOPBACK_ALLOW_RANGES)]
+			: allowRanges;
+		assertPublicAddress(hostname, hostname, addressAllowRanges);
+		return url;
+	}
+
+	if (shouldTrustEnvProxy(url, options.trustEnvProxy === true)) return url;
+
+	let addresses: LookupAddress[];
+	try {
+		addresses = await (options.lookup ?? defaultLookup)(hostname);
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		throw new Error(`Failed to resolve ${hostname}: ${message}`);
+	}
+
+	if (addresses.length === 0) throw new Error(`Failed to resolve ${hostname}: no addresses returned`);
+	for (const { address } of addresses) {
+		assertPublicAddress(address, hostname, allowRanges);
+	}
+	return url;
+}
+
+export async function fetchRemoteUrl(
+	url: string | URL,
+	init: RequestInit = {},
+	options: FetchRemoteOptions = {},
+): Promise<Response> {
+	const fetchImpl = options.fetch ?? fetch;
+	const maxRedirects = options.maxRedirects ?? DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS;
+	let current = await validateRemoteUrl(url, options);
+	let requestInit = init;
+
+	for (let redirects = 0; redirects <= maxRedirects; redirects++) {
+		const response = await fetchImpl(current, { ...requestInit, redirect: "manual" });
+		if (!REDIRECT_STATUSES.has(response.status)) return response;
+
+		const location = response.headers.get("location");
+		if (!location) return response;
+		if (redirects === maxRedirects) throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
+
+		const from = current;
+		current = await validateRemoteUrl(new URL(location, current), options);
+		if (response.status === 303 || ((response.status === 301 || response.status === 302) && requestInit.method?.toUpperCase() === "POST")) {
+			const { body: _body, ...nextInit } = requestInit;
+			requestInit = { ...nextInit, method: "GET" };
+		}
+		if (options.onRedirect) requestInit = options.onRedirect({ from, to: current, init: requestInit, response });
+	}
+
+	throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
+}
+
+function normalizeHostname(hostname: string): string {
+	return hostname.toLowerCase().replace(/^\[|\]$/g, "").replace(/\.$/, "");
+}
+
+function assertDomainPolicy(hostname: string, policy?: DomainPolicy): void {
+	if (!policy) return;
+	if (policy.deny.some((entry) => domainMatches(hostname, entry))) {
+		throw new Error(`Blocked hostname by fetch_content domain policy: ${hostname}`);
+	}
+	if (policy.allow.length > 0 && !policy.allow.some((entry) => domainMatches(hostname, entry))) {
+		throw new Error(`Hostname not allowed by fetch_content domain policy: ${hostname}`);
+	}
+}
+
+function domainMatches(hostname: string, entry: string): boolean {
+	return hostname === entry || hostname.endsWith(`.${entry}`);
+}
+
+function getProxyForProtocol(protocol: string): string {
+	const candidates = protocol === "http:"
+		? [process.env.HTTP_PROXY, process.env.http_proxy, process.env.ALL_PROXY, process.env.all_proxy]
+		: protocol === "https:"
+			? [process.env.HTTPS_PROXY, process.env.https_proxy, process.env.HTTP_PROXY, process.env.http_proxy, process.env.ALL_PROXY, process.env.all_proxy]
+			: [];
+	for (const candidate of candidates) {
+		const value = candidate?.trim();
+		if (!value) continue;
+		try {
+			const proxyUrl = new URL(value);
+			if ((proxyUrl.protocol === "http:" || proxyUrl.protocol === "https:") && proxyUrl.hostname) return value;
+		} catch {
+			// Invalid proxy env vars should not weaken local DNS SSRF checks.
+		}
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+function hostnameMatchesNoProxy(hostname: string, port: string, entry: string): boolean {
+	const trimmed = entry.trim();
+	if (!trimmed) return false;
+	if (trimmed === "*") return true;
+
+	// NO_PROXY entries may include a port. Strip it only after handling
+	// bracketed IPv6 literals, which can contain several colons.
+	let hostEntry = trimmed;
+	let entryPort: string | undefined;
+	if (hostEntry.startsWith("[")) {
+		const closingBracket = hostEntry.indexOf("]");
+		if (closingBracket >= 0) {
+			const suffix = hostEntry.slice(closingBracket + 1);
+			if (/^:\\d+$/.test(suffix)) entryPort = suffix.slice(1);
+			hostEntry = hostEntry.slice(0, closingBracket + 1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		const colon = hostEntry.lastIndexOf(":");
+		if (colon > -1 && /^\d+$/.test(hostEntry.slice(colon + 1))) {
+			entryPort = hostEntry.slice(colon + 1);
+			hostEntry = hostEntry.slice(0, colon);
+		}
+	}
+	if (entryPort !== undefined && entryPort !== port) return false;
+
+	const normalizedEntry = normalizeHostname(hostEntry);
+	if (!normalizedEntry) return false;
+	if (normalizedEntry === hostname) return true;
+	const suffix = normalizedEntry.startsWith("*.")
+		? normalizedEntry.slice(1)
+		: normalizedEntry.startsWith(".")
+			? normalizedEntry
+			: `.${normalizedEntry}`;
+	return hostname.endsWith(suffix);
+}
+
+function shouldTrustEnvProxy(url: URL, enabled: boolean): boolean {
+	if (!enabled || !getProxyForProtocol(url.protocol)) return false;
+	if (hasScopedProxyDecision()) return false;
+	const activeProxy = getActiveProxy();
+	if (activeProxy && !isProxyBypassedUrl(url)) return false;
+	const hostname = normalizeHostname(url.hostname);
+	const port = url.port || (url.protocol === "https:" ? "443" : "80");
+	const noProxy = process.env.NO_PROXY || process.env.no_proxy || "";
+	return !noProxy.split(",").some(entry => hostnameMatchesNoProxy(hostname, port, entry));
+}
+
+function assertPublicAddress(address: string, hostname: string, allowRanges: ParsedCidr[] = []): void {
+	const normalized = normalizeHostname(address);
+	const ipVersion = net.isIP(normalized);
+	if (ipVersion === 0) throw new Error(`Resolved non-IP address for ${hostname}: ${address}`);
+	// Explicitly-allowed ranges bypass the private/reserved checks below. This lets
+	// users exempt synthetic ranges produced by TUN/fake-IP proxies (e.g. 198.18/15).
+	if (isInAllowedRange(normalized, ipVersion, allowRanges)) return;
+	if (ipVersion === 4 && isBlockedIPv4(normalized)) {
+		const hint = isFakeIpProxyAddress(normalized)
+			? '. This address is in 198.18.0.0/15, commonly used by TUN/fake-IP proxies. If that matches your setup, configure ssrf.allowRanges with ["198.18.0.0/15"] in web-search.json.'
+			: "";
+		throw new Error(`Blocked internal address for ${hostname}: ${normalized}${hint}`);
+	}
+	if (ipVersion === 6 && isBlockedIPv6(normalized)) {
+		throw new Error(`Blocked internal address for ${hostname}: ${normalized}`);
+	}
+}
+
+function isFakeIpProxyAddress(address: string): boolean {
+	const [a, b] = address.split(".").map(part => Number(part));
+	return a === 198 && (b === 18 || b === 19);
+}
+
+function isBlockedIPv4(address: string): boolean {
+	const parts = address.split(".").map(part => Number(part));
+	if (parts.length !== 4 || parts.some(part => !Number.isInteger(part) || part < 0 || part > 255)) return true;
+	const [a, b] = parts;
+	return a === 0 ||
+		a === 10 ||
+		a === 127 ||
+		(a === 100 && b >= 64 && b <= 127) ||
+		(a === 169 && b === 254) ||
+		(a === 172 && b >= 16 && b <= 31) ||
+		(a === 192 && b === 168) ||
+		isFakeIpProxyAddress(address) ||
+		a >= 224;
+}
+
+function isBlockedIPv6(address: string): boolean {
+	const groups = parseIPv6(address);
+	if (!groups) return true;
+
+	const first = groups[0];
+	if (groups.every(group => group === 0)) return true;
+	if (groups.slice(0, 7).every(group => group === 0) && groups[7] === 1) return true;
+	if ((first & 0xfe00) === 0xfc00) return true;
+	if ((first & 0xffc0) === 0xfe80) return true;
+
+	const isMappedIPv4 = groups.slice(0, 5).every(group => group === 0) && groups[5] === 0xffff;
+	if (isMappedIPv4) {
+		const ipv4 = [groups[6] >> 8, groups[6] & 0xff, groups[7] >> 8, groups[7] & 0xff].join(".");
+		return isBlockedIPv4(ipv4);
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+function parseIPv6(address: string): number[] | null {
+	if (address.includes(".")) {
+		const lastColon = address.lastIndexOf(":");
+		const ipv4 = address.slice(lastColon + 1);
+		if (net.isIP(ipv4) !== 4) return null;
+		const octets = ipv4.split(".").map(part => Number(part));
+		address = `${address.slice(0, lastColon)}:${((octets[0] << 8) | octets[1]).toString(16)}:${((octets[2] << 8) | octets[3]).toString(16)}`;
+	}
+
+	const pieces = address.split("::");
+	if (pieces.length > 2) return null;
+
+	const left = pieces[0] ? pieces[0].split(":") : [];
+	const right = pieces.length === 2 && pieces[1] ? pieces[1].split(":") : [];
+	const missing = 8 - left.length - right.length;
+	if (pieces.length === 1 && missing !== 0) return null;
+	if (pieces.length === 2 && missing < 0) return null;
+
+	const groups = [...left, ...Array(missing).fill("0"), ...right].map(part => {
+		if (!/^[0-9a-f]{1,4}$/i.test(part)) return -1;
+		return parseInt(part, 16);
+	});
+	return groups.length === 8 && groups.every(group => group >= 0 && group <= 0xffff) ? groups : null;
+}
+
+/** Parse `allowRanges` config value into validated CIDR rules. Throws on malformed entries. */
+function parseAllowRanges(input: unknown): ParsedCidr[] {
+	if (input === undefined || input === null) return [];
+	if (!Array.isArray(input)) {
+		throw new Error("ssrf.allowRanges must be an array of CIDR strings");
+	}
+	const rules: ParsedCidr[] = [];
+	for (const entry of input) {
+		if (typeof entry !== "string") {
+			throw new Error(`ssrf.allowRanges entries must be strings, got ${typeof entry}`);
+		}
+		const rule = parseCidr(entry.trim());
+		if (!rule) {
+			throw new Error(`Invalid CIDR notation in ssrf.allowRanges: "${entry}"`);
+		}
+		rules.push(rule);
+	}
+	return rules;
+}
+
+/** Parse a single CIDR (e.g. "198.18.0.0/15", "fd00::/8") or bare host ("1.2.3.4"). Returns null if invalid. */
+function parseCidr(raw: string): ParsedCidr | null {
+	if (!raw) return null;
+	const slash = raw.lastIndexOf("/");
+	const addrPart = slash >= 0 ? raw.slice(0, slash) : raw;
+	const prefixPart = slash >= 0 ? raw.slice(slash + 1) : null;
+	// A slash must be followed by digits. Number("")/Number(" ") are 0, which
+	// would silently turn "198.18.0.0/" into /0 and exempt every address.
+	if (prefixPart !== null && !/^\d+$/.test(prefixPart)) return null;
+	const version = net.isIP(addrPart);
+
+	if (version === 4) {
+		const bytes = ipv4ToBytes(addrPart);
+		if (!bytes) return null;
+		const prefix = prefixPart === null ? 32 : Number(prefixPart);
+		if (!Number.isInteger(prefix) || prefix < 1 || prefix > 32) return null;
+		return { bytes, prefix };
+	}
+	if (version === 6) {
+		const groups = parseIPv6(addrPart);
+		if (!groups) return null;
+		const prefix = prefixPart === null ? 128 : Number(prefixPart);
+		if (!Number.isInteger(prefix) || prefix < 1 || prefix > 128) return null;
+		return { bytes: ipv6GroupsToBytes(groups), prefix };
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+function ipv4ToBytes(address: string): Uint8Array | null {
+	const parts = address.split(".");
+	if (parts.length !== 4) return null;
+	const bytes = new Uint8Array(4);
+	for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		const octet = Number(parts[i]);
+		if (!Number.isInteger(octet) || octet < 0 || octet > 255) return null;
+		bytes[i] = octet;
+	}
+	return bytes;
+}
+
+function ipv6GroupsToBytes(groups: number[]): Uint8Array {
+	const bytes = new Uint8Array(16);
+	for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+		bytes[i * 2] = groups[i] >> 8;
+		bytes[i * 2 + 1] = groups[i] & 0xff;
+	}
+	return bytes;
+}
+
+function ipToBytes(address: string, version: number): Uint8Array | null {
+	if (version === 4) return ipv4ToBytes(address);
+	if (version === 6) {
+		const groups = parseIPv6(address);
+		return groups ? ipv6GroupsToBytes(groups) : null;
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+/** True if `address` (already validated as `ipVersion`) falls within any allowed CIDR. */
+function isInAllowedRange(address: string, ipVersion: number, allowRanges: ParsedCidr[]): boolean {
+	if (allowRanges.length === 0) return false;
+	const addrBytes = ipToBytes(address, ipVersion);
+	if (!addrBytes) return false;
+	for (const rule of allowRanges) {
+		// Only compare same-family rules (4-byte IPv4 vs 16-byte IPv6).
+		if (rule.bytes.length !== addrBytes.length) continue;
+		if (bytesMatchPrefix(addrBytes, rule.bytes, rule.prefix)) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/** Compare the leading `prefix` bits of two equal-length byte arrays. */
+function bytesMatchPrefix(addr: Uint8Array, network: Uint8Array, prefix: number): boolean {
+	const fullBytes = prefix >> 3;
+	const remBits = prefix & 7;
+	for (let i = 0; i < fullBytes; i++) {
+		if (addr[i] !== network[i]) return false;
+	}
+	if (remBits > 0 && fullBytes < addr.length) {
+		const mask = (0xff << (8 - remBits)) & 0xff;
+		if ((addr[fullBytes] & mask) !== (network[fullBytes] & mask)) return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}