@asterxsk/kiln 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

package/agent/extensions/pi-web-access/extract.ts

@@ -1,1196 +1,1196 @@
-import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { Readability } from "@mozilla/readability";
-import { resizeImage } from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
-import { parseHTML } from "linkedom";
-import TurndownService from "turndown";
-import pLimit from "p-limit";
-import { activityMonitor } from "./activity.ts";
-import { extractRSCContent } from "./rsc-extract.ts";
-import { extractPDFToMarkdown, isPDF, loadPDFConfig } from "./pdf-extract.ts";
-import { extractGitHub } from "./github-extract.ts";
-import { extractGitHubIssuePr } from "./github-issue-pr.ts";
-import { isYouTubeURL, isYouTubeEnabled, extractYouTube, extractYouTubeFrame, extractYouTubeFrames, getYouTubeStreamInfo } from "./youtube-extract.ts";
-import { CredentialResolutionError } from "./credential-source.ts";
-import { extractWithUrlContext, extractWithGeminiWeb } from "./gemini-url-context.ts";
-import { extractWithBrightDataUnlocker, isBrightDataUnlockerAvailable } from "./brightdata-unlocker.ts";
-import { isVideoFile, extractVideo, extractVideoFrame, getLocalVideoDuration } from "./video-extract.ts";
-import { appendDeclaredWebLinks, discoverDeclaredWebLinks, type DeclaredWebLink } from "./declared-web-links.ts";
-import { fetchRemoteUrl, loadFetchContentDomainPolicy, loadSsrfConfig, validateRemoteUrl, type DomainPolicy, type Lookup, type SsrfConfig } from "./ssrf-protection.ts";
-import { formatSeconds, getWebSearchConfigPath, type ProxiedRequestInit } from "./utils.ts";
-import { isImageEnabled } from "./feature-config.ts";
-import { assertAuthFetchUrl, authFetchRedirectGuard, type AuthFetchProfile } from "./auth-fetch.ts";
-import { getBrowserCookiesForHosts, getLastBrowserCookieDiagnostic } from "./chrome-cookies.ts";
-import { sanitizeInlineDataUris } from "./data-uri-sanitize.ts";
-
-const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
-const CONCURRENT_LIMIT = 3;
-
-const NON_RECOVERABLE_ERRORS = ["Unsupported content type", "Response too large", "PDF extraction is disabled", "Image fetching is disabled"];
-const MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT = 500;
-const SUPPORTED_IMAGE_TYPES = new Set(["image/png", "image/jpeg", "image/webp", "image/gif"]);
-const WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH = getWebSearchConfigPath();
-const FETCH_PROVIDERS = ["http", "jina", "brightdata", "gemini"] as const;
-type FetchProvider = typeof FETCH_PROVIDERS[number];
-type FetchRouting = { providers: FetchProvider[]; allowRemoteHostedProviders: boolean };
-const DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER: FetchProvider[] = ["http", "jina", "brightdata", "gemini"];
-const REMOTE_HOSTED_FETCH_PROVIDERS = new Set<FetchProvider>(["jina", "brightdata", "gemini"]);
-
-async function extractWithDefuddle(text: string, url: string): Promise<{ title: string; content: string } | null> {
-	const { Defuddle } = await import("defuddle/node");
-	const { document } = parseHTML(text);
-	const result = await Defuddle(document as unknown as Document, url, { markdown: true, useAsync: false });
-	return typeof result.content === "string" ? { title: result.title, content: result.content } : null;
-}
-
-export { loadSsrfConfig } from "./ssrf-protection.ts";
-
-export function loadSsrfAllowRanges(): string[] {
-	return loadSsrfConfig().allowRanges;
-}
-
-function errorMessage(err: unknown): string {
-	return err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-}
-
-function isConfigParseError(err: unknown): boolean {
-	return errorMessage(err).startsWith("Failed to parse ");
-}
-
-function isAbortError(err: unknown): boolean {
-	return errorMessage(err).toLowerCase().includes("abort");
-}
-
-function isRedirectPolicyError(message: string): boolean {
-	return message.startsWith("Authenticated fetch refused cross-origin redirect") ||
-		message.startsWith("Blocked internal ") ||
-		message.startsWith("Blocked hostname by fetch_content domain policy") ||
-		message.startsWith("Hostname not allowed by fetch_content domain policy") ||
-		message.startsWith("Too many redirects fetching ") ||
-		message === "Only HTTP and HTTPS URLs can be fetched remotely" ||
-		message === "URL must include a hostname" ||
-		message.startsWith("Failed to resolve ");
-}
-
-function imageGateError(): string | null {
-	try {
-		return isImageEnabled() ? null : "Image fetching is disabled by image.enabled";
-	} catch (err) {
-		return errorMessage(err);
-	}
-}
-
-async function resolveAuthCookieHeader(url: string | URL, profile: AuthFetchProfile): Promise<string> {
-	const parsed = assertAuthFetchUrl(profile, url.toString());
-	const result = await getBrowserCookiesForHosts({ hosts: [parsed.hostname], profile: profile.chromeProfile, requestUrl: parsed });
-	if (result?.cookieHeader) return result.cookieHeader;
-	if (!result) {
-		const diagnostic = getLastBrowserCookieDiagnostic();
-		throw new Error(`Authenticated fetch profile ${profile.name} could not read browser cookies${diagnostic ? `: ${diagnostic}` : ""}`);
-	}
-	throw new Error(`Authenticated fetch profile ${profile.name} could not build a cookie header`);
-}
-
-const REDIRECT_STATUSES = new Set([301, 302, 303, 307, 308]);
-
-async function fetchAuthenticatedRemoteUrl(
-	url: string,
-	init: RequestInit,
-	validationOptions: { ssrf: SsrfConfig; domainPolicy: DomainPolicy; lookup?: Lookup },
-	profile: AuthFetchProfile,
-): Promise<Response> {
-	let current = await validateRemoteUrl(url, {
-		allowRanges: validationOptions.ssrf.allowRanges,
-		trustEnvProxy: validationOptions.ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
-		domainPolicy: validationOptions.domainPolicy,
-		...(validationOptions.lookup ? { lookup: validationOptions.lookup } : {}),
-	});
-	let requestInit = init;
-	for (let redirects = 0; redirects <= 5; redirects++) {
-		const cookieHeader = await resolveAuthCookieHeader(current, profile);
-		const headers = { ...(requestInit.headers as Record<string, string>), cookie: cookieHeader };
-		const response = await fetch(current, { ...requestInit, headers, redirect: "manual" });
-		if (!REDIRECT_STATUSES.has(response.status)) return response;
-		const location = response.headers.get("location");
-		if (!location) return response;
-		if (redirects === 5) throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
-		const from = current;
-		current = await validateRemoteUrl(new URL(location, current), {
-			allowRanges: validationOptions.ssrf.allowRanges,
-			trustEnvProxy: validationOptions.ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
-			domainPolicy: validationOptions.domainPolicy,
-			...(validationOptions.lookup ? { lookup: validationOptions.lookup } : {}),
-		});
-		authFetchRedirectGuard(profile, from, current);
-		if (response.status === 303 || ((response.status === 301 || response.status === 302) && requestInit.method?.toUpperCase() === "POST")) {
-			const { body: _body, ...nextInit } = requestInit;
-			requestInit = { ...nextInit, method: "GET" };
-		}
-	}
-	throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
-}
-
-function loadFetchRouting(): FetchRouting {
-	if (!existsSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH)) {
-		return { providers: DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER, allowRemoteHostedProviders: false };
-	}
-
-	let raw: Record<string, unknown>;
-	try {
-		const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(readFileSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH, "utf-8"));
-		if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== "object" || Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-			throw new Error("expected a JSON object");
-		}
-		raw = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-		throw new Error(`Failed to parse ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}: ${message}`);
-	}
-
-	if (!Object.hasOwn(raw, "fetchRouting")) {
-		return { providers: DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER, allowRemoteHostedProviders: false };
-	}
-	const routing = raw.fetchRouting;
-	if (!routing || typeof routing !== "object" || Array.isArray(routing)) {
-		throw new Error(`fetchRouting in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
-	}
-
-	const routingConfig = routing as Record<string, unknown>;
-	const providersValue = routingConfig.providers;
-	let providers = DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER;
-	if (providersValue !== undefined) {
-		if (!Array.isArray(providersValue) || providersValue.length === 0) {
-			throw new Error(`fetchRouting.providers in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be a non-empty array`);
-		}
-
-		providers = [];
-		for (const provider of providersValue) {
-			const normalized = typeof provider === "string" ? provider.trim().toLowerCase() : "";
-			if (!FETCH_PROVIDERS.includes(normalized as FetchProvider)) {
-				throw new Error(`fetchRouting.providers in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} contains an invalid provider: ${String(provider)}`);
-			}
-			if (providers.includes(normalized as FetchProvider)) {
-				throw new Error(`fetchRouting.providers in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must not contain duplicates: ${normalized}`);
-			}
-			providers.push(normalized as FetchProvider);
-		}
-	}
-
-	const allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue = routingConfig.allowRemoteHostedProviders;
-	if (allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue !== undefined && typeof allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue !== "boolean") {
-		throw new Error(`fetchRouting.allowRemoteHostedProviders in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be a boolean`);
-	}
-
-	return { providers, allowRemoteHostedProviders: allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue === true };
-}
-
-/** Names of the search/fetch tools the caller has actually registered, so
- * failure guidance never points at tools that do not exist in the session. */
-export interface RegisteredToolNames {
-	webSearch?: string;
-	fetchContent?: string;
-}
-
-/** Guidance for definitive origin 404/410 responses: no extraction provider
- * can retrieve a page the origin says is gone, so point at the registered
- * search/fetch tools (when the caller knows them) instead of provider config. */
-function notFoundGuidance(result: ExtractedContent, toolNames?: RegisteredToolNames): string {
-	const lines = [
-		result.error ?? `HTTP ${result.status}`,
-		"",
-		`The origin server says this page does not exist (HTTP ${result.status}), so extraction providers cannot retrieve it.`,
-	];
-	if (toolNames?.webSearch && toolNames.fetchContent) {
-		lines.push(`The page may have moved or been renamed. Use ${toolNames.webSearch} to find the current URL, then retry ${toolNames.fetchContent} with it.`);
-	} else if (toolNames?.webSearch) {
-		lines.push(`The page may have moved or been renamed. Use ${toolNames.webSearch} to find the current URL.`);
-	} else {
-		lines.push("The page may have moved or been renamed. Find the current URL, then retry the fetch with it.");
-	}
-	return lines.join("\n");
-}
-
-function abortedResult(url: string): ExtractedContent {
-	return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Aborted" };
-}
-
-const turndown = new TurndownService({
-	headingStyle: "atx",
-	codeBlockStyle: "fenced",
-});
-
-const fetchLimit = pLimit(CONCURRENT_LIMIT);
-
-export interface VideoFrame {
-	data: string;
-	mimeType: string;
-	timestamp: string;
-}
-
-export type FrameData = { data: string; mimeType: string };
-export type FrameResult = FrameData | { error: string };
-
-export interface ExtractedContent {
-	url: string;
-	title: string;
-	content: string;
-	error: string | null;
-	thumbnail?: { data: string; mimeType: string };
-	frames?: VideoFrame[];
-	duration?: number;
-	mimeType?: string;
-	status?: number;
-}
-
-type HttpExtractedContent = ExtractedContent & { declaredLinks?: DeclaredWebLink[] };
-
-export interface ExtractOptions {
-	timeoutMs?: number;
-	forceClone?: boolean;
-	prompt?: string;
-	timestamp?: string;
-	frames?: number;
-	model?: string;
-	mode?: "readable" | "raw" | "answer";
-	answerModel?: string;
-	authFetchProfile?: AuthFetchProfile;
-	toolNames?: RegisteredToolNames;
-	/** Optional http(s) proxy URL; routed through the curl-backed transport. */
-	proxy?: string;
-	/** Custom DNS resolver used for SSRF validation. Primarily a test seam. */
-	lookup?: Lookup;
-}
-
-const JINA_READER_BASE = "https://r.jina.ai/";
-const JINA_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
-
-async function extractWithJinaReader(
-	url: string,
-	signal?: AbortSignal,
-	lookup?: Lookup,
-): Promise<ExtractedContent | null> {
-	const jinaUrl = JINA_READER_BASE + url;
-
-	const activityId = activityMonitor.logStart({ type: "api", query: `jina: ${url}` });
-
-	try {
-		const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
-		const domainPolicy = loadFetchContentDomainPolicy();
-		await validateRemoteUrl(url, {
-			allowRanges: ssrf.allowRanges,
-			trustEnvProxy: ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
-			domainPolicy,
-			...(lookup ? { lookup } : {}),
-		});
-		const res = await fetch(jinaUrl, {
-			headers: {
-				"Accept": "text/markdown",
-				"X-No-Cache": "true",
-			},
-			signal: AbortSignal.any([
-				AbortSignal.timeout(JINA_TIMEOUT_MS),
-				...(signal ? [signal] : []),
-			]),
-		});
-
-		if (!res.ok) {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, res.status);
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		const content = await res.text();
-		activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, res.status);
-
-		const contentStart = content.indexOf("Markdown Content:");
-		if (contentStart < 0) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		const markdownPart = content.slice(contentStart + 17).trim(); // 17 = "Markdown Content:".length
-
-		// Check for failed JS rendering or minimal content
-		if (markdownPart.length < 100 ||
-			markdownPart.startsWith("Loading...") ||
-			markdownPart.startsWith("Please enable JavaScript")) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		const title = extractHeadingTitle(markdownPart) ?? (new URL(url).pathname.split("/").pop() || url);
-		return { url, title, content: markdownPart, error: null };
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-		if (message.toLowerCase().includes("abort")) {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, 0);
-		} else {
-			activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
-		}
-		return null;
-	}
-}
-
-function parseTimestamp(ts: string): number | null {
-	const num = Number(ts);
-	if (!isNaN(num) && num >= 0) return Math.floor(num);
-	const parts = ts.split(":").map(Number);
-	if (parts.some(p => isNaN(p) || p < 0)) return null;
-	if (parts.length === 3) return Math.floor(parts[0] * 3600 + parts[1] * 60 + parts[2]);
-	if (parts.length === 2) return Math.floor(parts[0] * 60 + parts[1]);
-	return null;
-}
-
-type TimestampSpec = { type: "single"; seconds: number } | { type: "range"; start: number; end: number };
-
-function parseTimestampSpec(ts: string): TimestampSpec | null {
-	const dashIdx = ts.indexOf("-", 1);
-	if (dashIdx > 0) {
-		const start = parseTimestamp(ts.slice(0, dashIdx));
-		const end = parseTimestamp(ts.slice(dashIdx + 1));
-		if (start !== null && end !== null && end > start) return { type: "range", start, end };
-	}
-	const seconds = parseTimestamp(ts);
-	return seconds !== null ? { type: "single", seconds } : null;
-}
-
-const DEFAULT_RANGE_FRAMES = 6;
-const MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL = 5;
-
-function computeRangeTimestamps(start: number, end: number, maxFrames: number = DEFAULT_RANGE_FRAMES): number[] {
-	if (maxFrames <= 1) return [start];
-	const duration = end - start;
-	const idealInterval = duration / (maxFrames - 1);
-	if (idealInterval < MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL) {
-		const timestamps: number[] = [];
-		for (let t = start; t <= end && timestamps.length < maxFrames; t += MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL) {
-			timestamps.push(t);
-		}
-		return timestamps;
-	}
-	return Array.from({ length: maxFrames }, (_, i) => Math.round(start + i * idealInterval));
-}
-
-function buildFrameResult(
-	url: string, label: string, requestedCount: number,
-	frames: VideoFrame[], error: string | null, duration?: number,
-): ExtractedContent {
-	if (frames.length === 0) {
-		const msg = error ?? "Frame extraction failed";
-		return { url, title: `Frames ${label} (0/${requestedCount})`, content: msg, error: msg };
-	}
-	return {
-		url,
-		title: `Frames ${label} (${frames.length}/${requestedCount})`,
-		content: `${frames.length} frames extracted from ${label}`,
-		error: null,
-		frames,
-		...(duration !== undefined ? { duration } : {}),
-	};
-}
-
-async function extractLocalFrames(
-	filePath: string, timestamps: number[],
-): Promise<{ frames: VideoFrame[]; error: string | null }> {
-	const results = await Promise.all(timestamps.map(async (t) => {
-		const frame = await extractVideoFrame(filePath, t);
-		if ("error" in frame) return { error: frame.error };
-		return { ...frame, timestamp: formatSeconds(t) };
-	}));
-	const frames = results.filter((f): f is VideoFrame => "data" in f);
-	const firstError = results.find((f): f is { error: string } => "error" in f);
-	return { frames, error: frames.length === 0 && firstError ? firstError.error : null };
-}
-
-type LocalVideoInfoResult =
-	| { status: "video"; info: NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof isVideoFile>> }
-	| { status: "not-video" }
-	| { status: "invalid"; error: string };
-
-function safeVideoInfo(url: string): LocalVideoInfoResult {
-	try {
-		const info = isVideoFile(url);
-		return info ? { status: "video", info } : { status: "not-video" };
-	} catch (err) {
-		return { status: "invalid", error: errorMessage(err) };
-	}
-}
-
-export async function extractContent(
-	url: string,
-	signal?: AbortSignal,
-	options?: ExtractOptions,
-): Promise<ExtractedContent> {
-	if (signal?.aborted) {
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Aborted" };
-	}
-
-	let remoteUrl: URL | null = null;
-	try {
-		const parsed = new URL(url);
-		if (parsed.protocol === "http:" || parsed.protocol === "https:") remoteUrl = parsed;
-	} catch {
-	}
-	if (remoteUrl) {
-		try {
-			const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
-			const domainPolicy = loadFetchContentDomainPolicy();
-			await validateRemoteUrl(remoteUrl, {
-				allowRanges: ssrf.allowRanges,
-				trustEnvProxy: ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
-				domainPolicy,
-				...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}),
-			});
-		} catch (err) {
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (options?.authFetchProfile) {
-		try {
-			return await extractViaHttp(url, signal, options);
-		} catch (err) {
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (options?.mode === "raw") {
-		return extractViaHttp(url, signal, options);
-	}
-
-	if (options?.frames || options?.timestamp) {
-		const disabled = imageGateError();
-		if (disabled) return { url, title: "", content: "", error: disabled };
-	}
-
-	if (options?.frames && !options.timestamp) {
-		const frameCount = options.frames;
-		const ytInfo = isYouTubeURL(url);
-		if (ytInfo.isYouTube && ytInfo.videoId) {
-			const streamInfo = await getYouTubeStreamInfo(ytInfo.videoId);
-			if ("error" in streamInfo) {
-				return { url, title: "Frames", content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
-			}
-			if (streamInfo.duration === null) {
-				const error = "Cannot determine video duration. Use a timestamp range instead.";
-				return { url, title: "Frames", content: error, error };
-			}
-			const dur = Math.floor(streamInfo.duration);
-			const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(0, dur, frameCount);
-			const result = await extractYouTubeFrames(ytInfo.videoId, timestamps, streamInfo);
-			const label = `${formatSeconds(0)}-${formatSeconds(dur)}`;
-			return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, streamInfo.duration);
-		}
-
-		const localVideo = safeVideoInfo(url);
-		if (localVideo.status === "invalid") {
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: localVideo.error };
-		}
-		if (localVideo.status === "video") {
-			const durationResult = await getLocalVideoDuration(localVideo.info.absolutePath);
-			if (typeof durationResult !== "number") {
-				return { url, title: "Frames", content: durationResult.error, error: durationResult.error };
-			}
-			const dur = Math.floor(durationResult);
-			const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(0, dur, frameCount);
-			const result = await extractLocalFrames(localVideo.info.absolutePath, timestamps);
-			const label = `${formatSeconds(0)}-${formatSeconds(dur)}`;
-			return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, durationResult);
-		}
-
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Frame extraction only works with YouTube and local video files" };
-	}
-
-	if (options?.timestamp) {
-		const spec = parseTimestampSpec(options.timestamp);
-		if (!spec) {
-			return {
-				url,
-				title: "",
-				content: "",
-				error: `Invalid timestamp format: "${options.timestamp}". Use "H:MM:SS", "MM:SS", "85", or "start-end".`,
-			};
-		}
-
-		const frameCount = options.frames;
-		const ytInfo = isYouTubeURL(url);
-		if (ytInfo.isYouTube && ytInfo.videoId) {
-			const streamInfo = await getYouTubeStreamInfo(ytInfo.videoId);
-			if ("error" in streamInfo) {
-				if (spec.type === "range") {
-					const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.start)}-${formatSeconds(spec.end)}`;
-					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
-				}
-				if (frameCount) {
-					const end = spec.seconds + (frameCount - 1) * MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL;
-					const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)}-${formatSeconds(end)}`;
-					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
-				}
-				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
-			}
-
-			if (spec.type === "range") {
-				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.start)}-${formatSeconds(spec.end)}`;
-				if (streamInfo.duration !== null && spec.end > streamInfo.duration) {
-					const error = `Timestamp ${formatSeconds(spec.end)} exceeds video duration (${formatSeconds(Math.floor(streamInfo.duration))})`;
-					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: error, error };
-				}
-				const timestamps = frameCount
-					? computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end, frameCount)
-					: computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end);
-				const result = await extractYouTubeFrames(ytInfo.videoId, timestamps, streamInfo);
-				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, result.duration ?? undefined);
-			}
-
-			if (frameCount) {
-				const end = spec.seconds + (frameCount - 1) * MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL;
-				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)}-${formatSeconds(end)}`;
-				if (streamInfo.duration !== null && end > streamInfo.duration) {
-					const error = `Timestamp ${formatSeconds(end)} exceeds video duration (${formatSeconds(Math.floor(streamInfo.duration))})`;
-					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: error, error };
-				}
-				const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(spec.seconds, end, frameCount);
-				const result = await extractYouTubeFrames(ytInfo.videoId, timestamps, streamInfo);
-				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, result.duration ?? undefined);
-			}
-
-			if (streamInfo.duration !== null && spec.seconds > streamInfo.duration) {
-				const error = `Timestamp ${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)} exceeds video duration (${formatSeconds(Math.floor(streamInfo.duration))})`;
-				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: error, error };
-			}
-			const frame = await extractYouTubeFrame(ytInfo.videoId, spec.seconds, streamInfo);
-			if ("error" in frame) {
-				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: frame.error, error: frame.error };
-			}
-			return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: `Video frame at ${options.timestamp}`, error: null, thumbnail: frame };
-		}
-
-		const localVideo = safeVideoInfo(url);
-		if (localVideo.status === "invalid") {
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: localVideo.error };
-		}
-		if (localVideo.status === "video") {
-			if (spec.type === "range") {
-				const timestamps = frameCount
-					? computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end, frameCount)
-					: computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end);
-				const result = await extractLocalFrames(localVideo.info.absolutePath, timestamps);
-				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.start)}-${formatSeconds(spec.end)}`;
-				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error);
-			}
-
-			if (frameCount) {
-				const end = spec.seconds + (frameCount - 1) * MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL;
-				const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(spec.seconds, end, frameCount);
-				const result = await extractLocalFrames(localVideo.info.absolutePath, timestamps);
-				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)}-${formatSeconds(end)}`;
-				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error);
-			}
-
-			const frame = await extractVideoFrame(localVideo.info.absolutePath, spec.seconds);
-			if ("error" in frame) {
-				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: frame.error, error: frame.error };
-			}
-			return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: `Video frame at ${options.timestamp}`, error: null, thumbnail: frame };
-		}
-
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Timestamp extraction only works with YouTube and local video files" };
-	}
-
-	const localVideo = safeVideoInfo(url);
-	if (localVideo.status === "invalid") {
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: localVideo.error };
-	}
-	if (localVideo.status === "video") {
-		try {
-			const result = await extractVideo(localVideo.info, signal, options);
-			if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-			return result ?? { url, title: "", content: "", error: `Video analysis requires Gemini access. Either:\n  1. Sign into gemini.google.com in Chrome (free, uses cookies)\n  2. Set GEMINI_API_KEY in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}` };
-		} catch (err) {
-			if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
-		}
-	}
-
-	try {
-		if (!remoteUrl) new URL(url);
-	} catch (err) {
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
-	}
-
-	try {
-		const ghIssuePrResult = await extractGitHubIssuePr(url, signal, options);
-		if (ghIssuePrResult) return ghIssuePrResult;
-		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = errorMessage(err);
-		if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
-		if (isConfigParseError(err)) {
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-		}
-	}
-
-	try {
-		const ghResult = await extractGitHub(url, signal, options?.forceClone);
-		if (ghResult) return ghResult;
-		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = errorMessage(err);
-		if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
-		if (isConfigParseError(err)) {
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-		}
-	}
-
-	const ytInfo = isYouTubeURL(url);
-	let youtubeEnabled = false;
-	try {
-		youtubeEnabled = isYouTubeEnabled();
-	} catch (err) {
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
-	}
-	if (ytInfo.isYouTube && youtubeEnabled) {
-		try {
-			const ytResult = await extractYouTube(url, signal, options?.prompt, options?.model);
-			if (ytResult) return ytResult;
-			if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-		} catch (err) {
-			const message = errorMessage(err);
-			if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-		}
-		return {
-			url,
-			title: "",
-			content: "",
-			error: "Could not extract YouTube video content. Sign into Google in a supported Chromium browser for automatic access, or set GEMINI_API_KEY.",
-		};
-	}
-
-	if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-
-	let fetchRouting: FetchRouting;
-	try {
-		fetchRouting = loadFetchRouting();
-	} catch (err) {
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
-	}
-	const providerOrder = remoteUrl && !fetchRouting.allowRemoteHostedProviders
-		? fetchRouting.providers.filter(provider => !REMOTE_HOSTED_FETCH_PROVIDERS.has(provider))
-		: fetchRouting.providers;
-	if (providerOrder.length === 0) {
-		return {
-			url,
-			title: "",
-			content: "",
-			error: "Remote hosted fetch providers are disabled unless fetchRouting.allowRemoteHostedProviders is true",
-		};
-	}
-
-	let httpResult: ExtractedContent | null = null;
-	let declaredLinks: DeclaredWebLink[] = [];
-	const withDeclaredLinks = (result: ExtractedContent): ExtractedContent => ({
-		...result,
-		content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(result.content, declaredLinks),
-	});
-	const parseErrorResult = (message: string): ExtractedContent => httpResult
-		? { ...httpResult, error: message }
-		: { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-	const runHttpProvider = async (): Promise<ExtractedContent | null> => {
-		const { declaredLinks: discoveredLinks = [], ...result } = await extractViaHttp(url, signal, options);
-		httpResult = result;
-		declaredLinks = discoveredLinks;
-		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-		if (!httpResult.error) return httpResult;
-		if (NON_RECOVERABLE_ERRORS.some(prefix => httpResult!.error!.startsWith(prefix)) || isRedirectPolicyError(httpResult.error) || isConfigParseError(httpResult.error)) {
-			return httpResult;
-		}
-		return null;
-	};
-
-	let brightdataError: string | null = null;
-
-	if (remoteUrl && providerOrder[0] !== "http") {
-		const httpGateResult = await runHttpProvider();
-		if (httpGateResult) return httpGateResult;
-	}
-
-	for (const provider of providerOrder) {
-		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-
-		if (provider === "http") {
-			const result = await runHttpProvider();
-			if (result) return result;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-
-		if (provider === "jina") {
-			const jinaResult = await extractWithJinaReader(url, signal, options?.lookup);
-			if (jinaResult) return withDeclaredLinks(jinaResult);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		if (provider === "brightdata") {
-			try {
-				if (isBrightDataUnlockerAvailable()) {
-					const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
-					const brightdataResult = await extractWithBrightDataUnlocker(url, signal, {
-						timeoutMs: options?.timeoutMs,
-						...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}),
-						ssrf,
-					});
-					if (brightdataResult) return withDeclaredLinks(brightdataResult);
-				}
-			} catch (err) {
-				if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
-				brightdataError = errorMessage(err);
-				if (isConfigParseError(err)) return parseErrorResult(brightdataError);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (provider === "gemini") {
-			let geminiResult: ExtractedContent | null = null;
-			try {
-				geminiResult = await extractWithUrlContext(url, signal)
-					?? await extractWithGeminiWeb(url, signal);
-			} catch (err) {
-				if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
-				if (err instanceof CredentialResolutionError || isConfigParseError(err)) {
-					return parseErrorResult(errorMessage(err));
-				}
-			}
-			if (geminiResult) return withDeclaredLinks(geminiResult);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-	const finalHttpResult = httpResult as ExtractedContent | null;
-	if (finalHttpResult && declaredLinks.length > 0) return { ...finalHttpResult, error: null };
-
-	// A definitive 404/410 from the origin means no extraction provider can
-	// retrieve the page, so the provider-configuration checklist below would
-	// send users down the wrong path. Point at search instead.
-	if (finalHttpResult?.status === 404 || finalHttpResult?.status === 410) {
-		return { ...finalHttpResult, error: notFoundGuidance(finalHttpResult, options?.toolNames) };
-	}
-
-	const searchToolName = options?.toolNames?.webSearch;
-	const guidance = [
-		finalHttpResult?.error ?? "No fetch_content provider returned content",
-		...(brightdataError ? [`Bright Data fallback failed: ${brightdataError}`] : []),
-		"",
-		"Fallback options:",
-		`  • Set brightdataApiKey and brightdataUnlockerZone in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} or BRIGHTDATA_API_KEY and BRIGHTDATA_UNLOCKER_ZONE`,
-		`  • Set GEMINI_API_KEY in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}`,
-		"  • Sign into gemini.google.com in Chrome",
-		...(searchToolName ? [`  • Use ${searchToolName} to find content about this topic`] : []),
-	].join("\n");
-	return { ...(finalHttpResult ?? { url, title: "", content: "", error: null }), error: guidance };
-}
-
-function isLikelyJSRendered(html: string): boolean {
-	const bodyMatch = html.match(/<body[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/body>/i);
-	if (!bodyMatch) return false;
-
-	const bodyHtml = bodyMatch[1];
-
-	const textContent = bodyHtml
-		.replace(/<script[\s\S]*?<\/script>/gi, "")
-		.replace(/<style[\s\S]*?<\/style>/gi, "")
-		.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "")
-		.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
-		.trim();
-
-	const scriptCount = (html.match(/<script/gi) || []).length;
-
-	return textContent.length < 500 && scriptCount > 3;
-}
-
-export async function readPDFResponseBuffer(response: Response, maxSizeMB: number): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
-	const maxBytes = maxSizeMB * 1024 * 1024;
-	return readResponseBufferWithLimit(response, maxBytes, () => pdfSizeLimitError(maxSizeMB));
-}
-
-async function readTextResponseWithLimit(response: Response, maxBytes: number): Promise<string> {
-	const buffer = await readResponseBufferWithLimit(response, maxBytes, () => responseSizeLimitError(maxBytes));
-	const charset = response.headers.get("content-type")?.match(/charset\s*=\s*["']?([^;"'\s]+)/i)?.[1];
-	try {
-		return new TextDecoder(charset || "utf-8").decode(buffer);
-	} catch {
-		return new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(buffer);
-	}
-}
-
-function isTextContentType(contentType: string): boolean {
-	const mimeType = contentType.split(";", 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? "";
-	return mimeType.startsWith("text/") ||
-		mimeType === "application/json" ||
-		mimeType === "application/ld+json" ||
-		mimeType === "application/xml" ||
-		mimeType === "application/xhtml+xml" ||
-		mimeType === "application/javascript" ||
-		mimeType === "application/x-javascript" ||
-		mimeType.endsWith("+json") ||
-		mimeType.endsWith("+xml");
-}
-
-async function readResponseBufferWithLimit(
-	response: Response,
-	maxBytes: number,
-	buildError: () => Error,
-): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
-	const reader = response.body?.getReader();
-	if (!reader) {
-		const buffer = await response.arrayBuffer();
-		if (buffer.byteLength > maxBytes) throw buildError();
-		return buffer;
-	}
-
-	const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
-	let totalBytes = 0;
-	try {
-		while (true) {
-			const { done, value } = await reader.read();
-			if (done) break;
-			if (!value) continue;
-			totalBytes += value.byteLength;
-			if (totalBytes > maxBytes) {
-				await reader.cancel();
-				throw buildError();
-			}
-			chunks.push(value);
-		}
-	} finally {
-		reader.releaseLock();
-	}
-
-	const combined = new Uint8Array(totalBytes);
-	let offset = 0;
-	for (const chunk of chunks) {
-		combined.set(chunk, offset);
-		offset += chunk.byteLength;
-	}
-	return combined.buffer;
-}
-
-function pdfSizeLimitError(maxSizeMB: number): Error {
-	return new Error(`PDF exceeds configured pdf.maxSizeMB limit (${maxSizeMB} MB)`);
-}
-
-function responseSizeLimitError(maxBytes: number): Error {
-	return new Error(`Response too large (${Math.round(maxBytes / 1024 / 1024)}MB)`);
-}
-
-async function extractViaHttp(
-	url: string,
-	signal?: AbortSignal,
-	options?: ExtractOptions,
-): Promise<HttpExtractedContent> {
-	const timeoutMs = options?.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS;
-	const activityId = activityMonitor.logStart({ type: "fetch", url });
-
-	const controller = new AbortController();
-	const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
-
-	const onAbort = () => controller.abort();
-	signal?.addEventListener("abort", onAbort);
-
-	try {
-		const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
-		const domainPolicy = loadFetchContentDomainPolicy();
-		const authProfile = options?.authFetchProfile;
-		const trustEnvProxy = options?.proxy === undefined && ssrf.trustEnvProxy;
-		const requestInit: ProxiedRequestInit = {
-			signal: controller.signal,
-			__proxy: options?.proxy,
-			headers: {
-				"User-Agent": "OpenAI File Downloader, XaiImageApiFetch/1.0",
-				"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
-				"Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
-				"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
-				"Sec-Fetch-Dest": "document",
-				"Sec-Fetch-Mode": "navigate",
-				"Sec-Fetch-Site": "none",
-				"Sec-Fetch-User": "?1",
-				"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
-			},
-		};
-		const response = authProfile
-			? await fetchAuthenticatedRemoteUrl(url, requestInit, { ssrf: { ...ssrf, trustEnvProxy }, domainPolicy, ...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}) }, authProfile)
-			: await fetchRemoteUrl(
-				url,
-				requestInit,
-				{
-					allowRanges: ssrf.allowRanges,
-					trustEnvProxy,
-					domainPolicy,
-					...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}),
-				},
-			);
-
-		if (!response.ok && options?.mode !== "raw") {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-			return {
-				url,
-				title: "",
-				content: "",
-				error: `HTTP ${response.status}: ${response.statusText}`,
-				status: response.status,
-			};
-		}
-
-		const contentLengthHeader = response.headers.get("content-length");
-		const contentType = response.headers.get("content-type") || "";
-		const mimeType = contentType.split(";", 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? "";
-		const isPDFContent = isPDF(url, contentType);
-		const pdfConfig = isPDFContent ? loadPDFConfig() : null;
-		if (isPDFContent && pdfConfig && !pdfConfig.enabled) {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "PDF extraction is disabled by pdf.enabled", mimeType, status: response.status };
-		}
-		const maxResponseSize = (pdfConfig?.maxSizeMB ?? 5) * 1024 * 1024;
-		if (contentLengthHeader) {
-			const contentLength = Number.parseInt(contentLengthHeader, 10);
-			if (Number.isFinite(contentLength) && contentLength > maxResponseSize) {
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				return {
-					url,
-					title: "",
-					content: "",
-					error: pdfConfig
-						? pdfSizeLimitError(pdfConfig.maxSizeMB).message
-						: `Response too large (${Math.round(contentLength / 1024 / 1024)}MB)`,
-				};
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (options?.mode === "raw") {
-			if (!isTextContentType(contentType)) {
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: `Unsupported content type in raw mode: ${mimeType || "missing"}`, mimeType, status: response.status };
-			}
-			const text = await readTextResponseWithLimit(response, maxResponseSize);
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-			return { url, title: extractTextTitle(text, url), content: text, error: null, mimeType, status: response.status };
-		}
-
-		if (SUPPORTED_IMAGE_TYPES.has(mimeType)) {
-			const disabled = imageGateError();
-			if (disabled) {
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: disabled, mimeType, status: response.status };
-			}
-			try {
-				const buffer = await readResponseBufferWithLimit(response, maxResponseSize, () => responseSizeLimitError(maxResponseSize));
-				const resized = await resizeImage(new Uint8Array(buffer), mimeType, { maxWidth: 2000, maxHeight: 2000 });
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				if (!resized) return { url, title: "", content: "", error: `Could not decode image: ${mimeType}`, mimeType, status: response.status };
-				const title = new URL(response.url || url).pathname.split("/").pop() || url;
-				return {
-					url,
-					title,
-					content: `Image fetched (${resized.width}×${resized.height}, ${resized.mimeType})`,
-					error: null,
-					thumbnail: { data: resized.data, mimeType: resized.mimeType },
-					mimeType: resized.mimeType,
-					status: response.status,
-				};
-			} catch (err) {
-				const message = errorMessage(err);
-				activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
-				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message, mimeType, status: response.status };
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (isPDFContent && pdfConfig) {
-			try {
-				const buffer = await readPDFResponseBuffer(response, pdfConfig.maxSizeMB);
-				if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
-				const result = await extractPDFToMarkdown(buffer, url, { signal });
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				return {
-					url,
-					title: result.title,
-					content: `PDF extracted and saved to: ${result.outputPath}\n\nPages: ${result.pages}\nCharacters: ${result.chars}`,
-					error: null,
-				};
-			} catch (err) {
-				const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-				activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
-				if (message.startsWith("PDF exceeds configured pdf.maxSizeMB limit")) {
-					return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-				}
-				if (err instanceof CredentialResolutionError || isConfigParseError(err)) {
-					return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-				}
-				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: `PDF extraction failed: ${message}` };
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (contentType.includes("application/octet-stream") ||
-			contentType.includes("image/") ||
-			contentType.includes("audio/") ||
-			contentType.includes("video/") ||
-			contentType.includes("application/zip")) {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-			return {
-				url,
-				title: "",
-				content: "",
-				error: `Unsupported content type: ${contentType.split(";")[0]}`,
-			};
-		}
-
-		const text = await readTextResponseWithLimit(response, maxResponseSize);
-		const isHTML = contentType.includes("text/html") || contentType.includes("application/xhtml+xml");
-
-		if (!isHTML) {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-			const title = extractTextTitle(text, url);
-			return { url, title, content: text, error: null };
-		}
-
-		const { document } = parseHTML(text);
-		const documentTitle = document.title?.trim() ?? "";
-		const declaredLinks = discoverDeclaredWebLinks(
-			document as unknown as Document,
-			response.headers.get("link"),
-			response.url || url,
-		);
-		const reader = new Readability(document as unknown as Document);
-		const article = reader.parse();
-
-		if (!article) {
-			const rscResult = extractRSCContent(text);
-			if (rscResult && rscResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				return {
-					url,
-					title: rscResult.title,
-					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(rscResult.content, declaredLinks),
-					error: null,
-					declaredLinks,
-				};
-			}
-			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
-			const defuddleResult = await extractWithDefuddle(text, response.url || url);
-			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
-			if (defuddleResult && defuddleResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
-				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-				return {
-					url,
-					title: documentTitle || defuddleResult.title,
-					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(defuddleResult.content, declaredLinks),
-					error: null,
-					declaredLinks,
-				};
-			}
-
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-			const jsRendered = isLikelyJSRendered(text);
-			const errorMsg = jsRendered
-				? "Page appears to be JavaScript-rendered (content loads dynamically)"
-				: "Could not extract readable content from HTML structure";
-
-			return {
-				url,
-				title: documentTitle,
-				content: appendDeclaredWebLinks("", declaredLinks),
-				error: errorMsg,
-				declaredLinks,
-			};
-		}
-
-		if (typeof article.content !== "string") {
-			throw new Error("Readability returned invalid article content");
-		}
-		const markdown = turndown.turndown(article.content);
-		activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
-
-		if (markdown.length < MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
-			const rscResult = extractRSCContent(text);
-			if (rscResult && rscResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
-				return {
-					url,
-					title: rscResult.title,
-					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(rscResult.content, declaredLinks),
-					error: null,
-					declaredLinks,
-				};
-			}
-			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
-			const defuddleResult = await extractWithDefuddle(text, response.url || url);
-			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
-			if (defuddleResult && defuddleResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
-				return {
-					url,
-					title: article.title || documentTitle || defuddleResult.title,
-					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(defuddleResult.content, declaredLinks),
-					error: null,
-					declaredLinks,
-				};
-			}
-			return {
-				url,
-				title: article.title || documentTitle,
-				content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(markdown, declaredLinks),
-				error: isLikelyJSRendered(text)
-					? "Page appears to be JavaScript-rendered (content loads dynamically)"
-					: "Extracted content appears incomplete",
-				declaredLinks,
-			};
-		}
-
-		return {
-			url,
-			title: article.title || documentTitle,
-			content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(markdown, declaredLinks),
-			error: null,
-			declaredLinks,
-		};
-	} catch (err) {
-		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-		if (message.toLowerCase().includes("abort")) {
-			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, 0);
-		} else {
-			activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
-		}
-		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
-	} finally {
-		clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-		signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
-	}
-}
-
-export function extractHeadingTitle(text: string): string | null {
-	const match = text.match(/^#{1,2}\s+(.+)/m);
-	if (!match) return null;
-	const cleaned = match[1].replace(/\*+/g, "").trim();
-	return cleaned || null;
-}
-
-function extractTextTitle(text: string, url: string): string {
-	return extractHeadingTitle(text) ?? (new URL(url).pathname.split("/").pop() || url);
-}
-
-export async function fetchAllContent(
-	urls: string[],
-	signal?: AbortSignal,
-	options?: ExtractOptions,
-): Promise<ExtractedContent[]> {
-	const results = await Promise.all(urls.map((url) => fetchLimit(() => extractContent(url, signal, options))));
-	if (options?.mode === "raw") return results;
-	// Inline data: URIs in extracted markdown would otherwise flow into tool
-	// results and the fetch cache as opaque base64; typed thumbnail/frame image
-	// blocks are deliberate outputs and are left untouched.
-	return results.map((result, index) => {
-		if (!result.content) return result;
-		const sanitized = sanitizeInlineDataUris(result.content, `urls[${index}].content`);
-		return sanitized.omissions.length > 0 ? { ...result, content: sanitized.text } : result;
-	});
-}
+import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { Readability } from "@mozilla/readability";
+import { resizeImage } from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
+import { parseHTML } from "linkedom";
+import TurndownService from "turndown";
+import pLimit from "p-limit";
+import { activityMonitor } from "./activity.ts";
+import { extractRSCContent } from "./rsc-extract.ts";
+import { extractPDFToMarkdown, isPDF, loadPDFConfig } from "./pdf-extract.ts";
+import { extractGitHub } from "./github-extract.ts";
+import { extractGitHubIssuePr } from "./github-issue-pr.ts";
+import { isYouTubeURL, isYouTubeEnabled, extractYouTube, extractYouTubeFrame, extractYouTubeFrames, getYouTubeStreamInfo } from "./youtube-extract.ts";
+import { CredentialResolutionError } from "./credential-source.ts";
+import { extractWithUrlContext, extractWithGeminiWeb } from "./gemini-url-context.ts";
+import { extractWithBrightDataUnlocker, isBrightDataUnlockerAvailable } from "./brightdata-unlocker.ts";
+import { isVideoFile, extractVideo, extractVideoFrame, getLocalVideoDuration } from "./video-extract.ts";
+import { appendDeclaredWebLinks, discoverDeclaredWebLinks, type DeclaredWebLink } from "./declared-web-links.ts";
+import { fetchRemoteUrl, loadFetchContentDomainPolicy, loadSsrfConfig, validateRemoteUrl, type DomainPolicy, type Lookup, type SsrfConfig } from "./ssrf-protection.ts";
+import { formatSeconds, getWebSearchConfigPath, type ProxiedRequestInit } from "./utils.ts";
+import { isImageEnabled } from "./feature-config.ts";
+import { assertAuthFetchUrl, authFetchRedirectGuard, type AuthFetchProfile } from "./auth-fetch.ts";
+import { getBrowserCookiesForHosts, getLastBrowserCookieDiagnostic } from "./chrome-cookies.ts";
+import { sanitizeInlineDataUris } from "./data-uri-sanitize.ts";
+
+const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
+const CONCURRENT_LIMIT = 3;
+
+const NON_RECOVERABLE_ERRORS = ["Unsupported content type", "Response too large", "PDF extraction is disabled", "Image fetching is disabled"];
+const MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT = 500;
+const SUPPORTED_IMAGE_TYPES = new Set(["image/png", "image/jpeg", "image/webp", "image/gif"]);
+const WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH = getWebSearchConfigPath();
+const FETCH_PROVIDERS = ["http", "jina", "brightdata", "gemini"] as const;
+type FetchProvider = typeof FETCH_PROVIDERS[number];
+type FetchRouting = { providers: FetchProvider[]; allowRemoteHostedProviders: boolean };
+const DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER: FetchProvider[] = ["http", "jina", "brightdata", "gemini"];
+const REMOTE_HOSTED_FETCH_PROVIDERS = new Set<FetchProvider>(["jina", "brightdata", "gemini"]);
+
+async function extractWithDefuddle(text: string, url: string): Promise<{ title: string; content: string } | null> {
+	const { Defuddle } = await import("defuddle/node");
+	const { document } = parseHTML(text);
+	const result = await Defuddle(document as unknown as Document, url, { markdown: true, useAsync: false });
+	return typeof result.content === "string" ? { title: result.title, content: result.content } : null;
+}
+
+export { loadSsrfConfig } from "./ssrf-protection.ts";
+
+export function loadSsrfAllowRanges(): string[] {
+	return loadSsrfConfig().allowRanges;
+}
+
+function errorMessage(err: unknown): string {
+	return err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+}
+
+function isConfigParseError(err: unknown): boolean {
+	return errorMessage(err).startsWith("Failed to parse ");
+}
+
+function isAbortError(err: unknown): boolean {
+	return errorMessage(err).toLowerCase().includes("abort");
+}
+
+function isRedirectPolicyError(message: string): boolean {
+	return message.startsWith("Authenticated fetch refused cross-origin redirect") ||
+		message.startsWith("Blocked internal ") ||
+		message.startsWith("Blocked hostname by fetch_content domain policy") ||
+		message.startsWith("Hostname not allowed by fetch_content domain policy") ||
+		message.startsWith("Too many redirects fetching ") ||
+		message === "Only HTTP and HTTPS URLs can be fetched remotely" ||
+		message === "URL must include a hostname" ||
+		message.startsWith("Failed to resolve ");
+}
+
+function imageGateError(): string | null {
+	try {
+		return isImageEnabled() ? null : "Image fetching is disabled by image.enabled";
+	} catch (err) {
+		return errorMessage(err);
+	}
+}
+
+async function resolveAuthCookieHeader(url: string | URL, profile: AuthFetchProfile): Promise<string> {
+	const parsed = assertAuthFetchUrl(profile, url.toString());
+	const result = await getBrowserCookiesForHosts({ hosts: [parsed.hostname], profile: profile.chromeProfile, requestUrl: parsed });
+	if (result?.cookieHeader) return result.cookieHeader;
+	if (!result) {
+		const diagnostic = getLastBrowserCookieDiagnostic();
+		throw new Error(`Authenticated fetch profile ${profile.name} could not read browser cookies${diagnostic ? `: ${diagnostic}` : ""}`);
+	}
+	throw new Error(`Authenticated fetch profile ${profile.name} could not build a cookie header`);
+}
+
+const REDIRECT_STATUSES = new Set([301, 302, 303, 307, 308]);
+
+async function fetchAuthenticatedRemoteUrl(
+	url: string,
+	init: RequestInit,
+	validationOptions: { ssrf: SsrfConfig; domainPolicy: DomainPolicy; lookup?: Lookup },
+	profile: AuthFetchProfile,
+): Promise<Response> {
+	let current = await validateRemoteUrl(url, {
+		allowRanges: validationOptions.ssrf.allowRanges,
+		trustEnvProxy: validationOptions.ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
+		domainPolicy: validationOptions.domainPolicy,
+		...(validationOptions.lookup ? { lookup: validationOptions.lookup } : {}),
+	});
+	let requestInit = init;
+	for (let redirects = 0; redirects <= 5; redirects++) {
+		const cookieHeader = await resolveAuthCookieHeader(current, profile);
+		const headers = { ...(requestInit.headers as Record<string, string>), cookie: cookieHeader };
+		const response = await fetch(current, { ...requestInit, headers, redirect: "manual" });
+		if (!REDIRECT_STATUSES.has(response.status)) return response;
+		const location = response.headers.get("location");
+		if (!location) return response;
+		if (redirects === 5) throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
+		const from = current;
+		current = await validateRemoteUrl(new URL(location, current), {
+			allowRanges: validationOptions.ssrf.allowRanges,
+			trustEnvProxy: validationOptions.ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
+			domainPolicy: validationOptions.domainPolicy,
+			...(validationOptions.lookup ? { lookup: validationOptions.lookup } : {}),
+		});
+		authFetchRedirectGuard(profile, from, current);
+		if (response.status === 303 || ((response.status === 301 || response.status === 302) && requestInit.method?.toUpperCase() === "POST")) {
+			const { body: _body, ...nextInit } = requestInit;
+			requestInit = { ...nextInit, method: "GET" };
+		}
+	}
+	throw new Error(`Too many redirects fetching ${current.toString()}`);
+}
+
+function loadFetchRouting(): FetchRouting {
+	if (!existsSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH)) {
+		return { providers: DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER, allowRemoteHostedProviders: false };
+	}
+
+	let raw: Record<string, unknown>;
+	try {
+		const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(readFileSync(WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH, "utf-8"));
+		if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== "object" || Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+			throw new Error("expected a JSON object");
+		}
+		raw = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		throw new Error(`Failed to parse ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}: ${message}`);
+	}
+
+	if (!Object.hasOwn(raw, "fetchRouting")) {
+		return { providers: DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER, allowRemoteHostedProviders: false };
+	}
+	const routing = raw.fetchRouting;
+	if (!routing || typeof routing !== "object" || Array.isArray(routing)) {
+		throw new Error(`fetchRouting in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be an object`);
+	}
+
+	const routingConfig = routing as Record<string, unknown>;
+	const providersValue = routingConfig.providers;
+	let providers = DEFAULT_FETCH_PROVIDER_ORDER;
+	if (providersValue !== undefined) {
+		if (!Array.isArray(providersValue) || providersValue.length === 0) {
+			throw new Error(`fetchRouting.providers in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be a non-empty array`);
+		}
+
+		providers = [];
+		for (const provider of providersValue) {
+			const normalized = typeof provider === "string" ? provider.trim().toLowerCase() : "";
+			if (!FETCH_PROVIDERS.includes(normalized as FetchProvider)) {
+				throw new Error(`fetchRouting.providers in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} contains an invalid provider: ${String(provider)}`);
+			}
+			if (providers.includes(normalized as FetchProvider)) {
+				throw new Error(`fetchRouting.providers in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must not contain duplicates: ${normalized}`);
+			}
+			providers.push(normalized as FetchProvider);
+		}
+	}
+
+	const allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue = routingConfig.allowRemoteHostedProviders;
+	if (allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue !== undefined && typeof allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue !== "boolean") {
+		throw new Error(`fetchRouting.allowRemoteHostedProviders in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} must be a boolean`);
+	}
+
+	return { providers, allowRemoteHostedProviders: allowRemoteHostedProvidersValue === true };
+}
+
+/** Names of the search/fetch tools the caller has actually registered, so
+ * failure guidance never points at tools that do not exist in the session. */
+export interface RegisteredToolNames {
+	webSearch?: string;
+	fetchContent?: string;
+}
+
+/** Guidance for definitive origin 404/410 responses: no extraction provider
+ * can retrieve a page the origin says is gone, so point at the registered
+ * search/fetch tools (when the caller knows them) instead of provider config. */
+function notFoundGuidance(result: ExtractedContent, toolNames?: RegisteredToolNames): string {
+	const lines = [
+		result.error ?? `HTTP ${result.status}`,
+		"",
+		`The origin server says this page does not exist (HTTP ${result.status}), so extraction providers cannot retrieve it.`,
+	];
+	if (toolNames?.webSearch && toolNames.fetchContent) {
+		lines.push(`The page may have moved or been renamed. Use ${toolNames.webSearch} to find the current URL, then retry ${toolNames.fetchContent} with it.`);
+	} else if (toolNames?.webSearch) {
+		lines.push(`The page may have moved or been renamed. Use ${toolNames.webSearch} to find the current URL.`);
+	} else {
+		lines.push("The page may have moved or been renamed. Find the current URL, then retry the fetch with it.");
+	}
+	return lines.join("\n");
+}
+
+function abortedResult(url: string): ExtractedContent {
+	return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Aborted" };
+}
+
+const turndown = new TurndownService({
+	headingStyle: "atx",
+	codeBlockStyle: "fenced",
+});
+
+const fetchLimit = pLimit(CONCURRENT_LIMIT);
+
+export interface VideoFrame {
+	data: string;
+	mimeType: string;
+	timestamp: string;
+}
+
+export type FrameData = { data: string; mimeType: string };
+export type FrameResult = FrameData | { error: string };
+
+export interface ExtractedContent {
+	url: string;
+	title: string;
+	content: string;
+	error: string | null;
+	thumbnail?: { data: string; mimeType: string };
+	frames?: VideoFrame[];
+	duration?: number;
+	mimeType?: string;
+	status?: number;
+}
+
+type HttpExtractedContent = ExtractedContent & { declaredLinks?: DeclaredWebLink[] };
+
+export interface ExtractOptions {
+	timeoutMs?: number;
+	forceClone?: boolean;
+	prompt?: string;
+	timestamp?: string;
+	frames?: number;
+	model?: string;
+	mode?: "readable" | "raw" | "answer";
+	answerModel?: string;
+	authFetchProfile?: AuthFetchProfile;
+	toolNames?: RegisteredToolNames;
+	/** Optional http(s) proxy URL; routed through the curl-backed transport. */
+	proxy?: string;
+	/** Custom DNS resolver used for SSRF validation. Primarily a test seam. */
+	lookup?: Lookup;
+}
+
+const JINA_READER_BASE = "https://r.jina.ai/";
+const JINA_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
+
+async function extractWithJinaReader(
+	url: string,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+	lookup?: Lookup,
+): Promise<ExtractedContent | null> {
+	const jinaUrl = JINA_READER_BASE + url;
+
+	const activityId = activityMonitor.logStart({ type: "api", query: `jina: ${url}` });
+
+	try {
+		const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
+		const domainPolicy = loadFetchContentDomainPolicy();
+		await validateRemoteUrl(url, {
+			allowRanges: ssrf.allowRanges,
+			trustEnvProxy: ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
+			domainPolicy,
+			...(lookup ? { lookup } : {}),
+		});
+		const res = await fetch(jinaUrl, {
+			headers: {
+				"Accept": "text/markdown",
+				"X-No-Cache": "true",
+			},
+			signal: AbortSignal.any([
+				AbortSignal.timeout(JINA_TIMEOUT_MS),
+				...(signal ? [signal] : []),
+			]),
+		});
+
+		if (!res.ok) {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, res.status);
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		const content = await res.text();
+		activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, res.status);
+
+		const contentStart = content.indexOf("Markdown Content:");
+		if (contentStart < 0) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		const markdownPart = content.slice(contentStart + 17).trim(); // 17 = "Markdown Content:".length
+
+		// Check for failed JS rendering or minimal content
+		if (markdownPart.length < 100 ||
+			markdownPart.startsWith("Loading...") ||
+			markdownPart.startsWith("Please enable JavaScript")) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		const title = extractHeadingTitle(markdownPart) ?? (new URL(url).pathname.split("/").pop() || url);
+		return { url, title, content: markdownPart, error: null };
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		if (message.toLowerCase().includes("abort")) {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, 0);
+		} else {
+			activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+function parseTimestamp(ts: string): number | null {
+	const num = Number(ts);
+	if (!isNaN(num) && num >= 0) return Math.floor(num);
+	const parts = ts.split(":").map(Number);
+	if (parts.some(p => isNaN(p) || p < 0)) return null;
+	if (parts.length === 3) return Math.floor(parts[0] * 3600 + parts[1] * 60 + parts[2]);
+	if (parts.length === 2) return Math.floor(parts[0] * 60 + parts[1]);
+	return null;
+}
+
+type TimestampSpec = { type: "single"; seconds: number } | { type: "range"; start: number; end: number };
+
+function parseTimestampSpec(ts: string): TimestampSpec | null {
+	const dashIdx = ts.indexOf("-", 1);
+	if (dashIdx > 0) {
+		const start = parseTimestamp(ts.slice(0, dashIdx));
+		const end = parseTimestamp(ts.slice(dashIdx + 1));
+		if (start !== null && end !== null && end > start) return { type: "range", start, end };
+	}
+	const seconds = parseTimestamp(ts);
+	return seconds !== null ? { type: "single", seconds } : null;
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_RANGE_FRAMES = 6;
+const MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL = 5;
+
+function computeRangeTimestamps(start: number, end: number, maxFrames: number = DEFAULT_RANGE_FRAMES): number[] {
+	if (maxFrames <= 1) return [start];
+	const duration = end - start;
+	const idealInterval = duration / (maxFrames - 1);
+	if (idealInterval < MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL) {
+		const timestamps: number[] = [];
+		for (let t = start; t <= end && timestamps.length < maxFrames; t += MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL) {
+			timestamps.push(t);
+		}
+		return timestamps;
+	}
+	return Array.from({ length: maxFrames }, (_, i) => Math.round(start + i * idealInterval));
+}
+
+function buildFrameResult(
+	url: string, label: string, requestedCount: number,
+	frames: VideoFrame[], error: string | null, duration?: number,
+): ExtractedContent {
+	if (frames.length === 0) {
+		const msg = error ?? "Frame extraction failed";
+		return { url, title: `Frames ${label} (0/${requestedCount})`, content: msg, error: msg };
+	}
+	return {
+		url,
+		title: `Frames ${label} (${frames.length}/${requestedCount})`,
+		content: `${frames.length} frames extracted from ${label}`,
+		error: null,
+		frames,
+		...(duration !== undefined ? { duration } : {}),
+	};
+}
+
+async function extractLocalFrames(
+	filePath: string, timestamps: number[],
+): Promise<{ frames: VideoFrame[]; error: string | null }> {
+	const results = await Promise.all(timestamps.map(async (t) => {
+		const frame = await extractVideoFrame(filePath, t);
+		if ("error" in frame) return { error: frame.error };
+		return { ...frame, timestamp: formatSeconds(t) };
+	}));
+	const frames = results.filter((f): f is VideoFrame => "data" in f);
+	const firstError = results.find((f): f is { error: string } => "error" in f);
+	return { frames, error: frames.length === 0 && firstError ? firstError.error : null };
+}
+
+type LocalVideoInfoResult =
+	| { status: "video"; info: NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof isVideoFile>> }
+	| { status: "not-video" }
+	| { status: "invalid"; error: string };
+
+function safeVideoInfo(url: string): LocalVideoInfoResult {
+	try {
+		const info = isVideoFile(url);
+		return info ? { status: "video", info } : { status: "not-video" };
+	} catch (err) {
+		return { status: "invalid", error: errorMessage(err) };
+	}
+}
+
+export async function extractContent(
+	url: string,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+	options?: ExtractOptions,
+): Promise<ExtractedContent> {
+	if (signal?.aborted) {
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Aborted" };
+	}
+
+	let remoteUrl: URL | null = null;
+	try {
+		const parsed = new URL(url);
+		if (parsed.protocol === "http:" || parsed.protocol === "https:") remoteUrl = parsed;
+	} catch {
+	}
+	if (remoteUrl) {
+		try {
+			const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
+			const domainPolicy = loadFetchContentDomainPolicy();
+			await validateRemoteUrl(remoteUrl, {
+				allowRanges: ssrf.allowRanges,
+				trustEnvProxy: ssrf.trustEnvProxy,
+				domainPolicy,
+				...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}),
+			});
+		} catch (err) {
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (options?.authFetchProfile) {
+		try {
+			return await extractViaHttp(url, signal, options);
+		} catch (err) {
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (options?.mode === "raw") {
+		return extractViaHttp(url, signal, options);
+	}
+
+	if (options?.frames || options?.timestamp) {
+		const disabled = imageGateError();
+		if (disabled) return { url, title: "", content: "", error: disabled };
+	}
+
+	if (options?.frames && !options.timestamp) {
+		const frameCount = options.frames;
+		const ytInfo = isYouTubeURL(url);
+		if (ytInfo.isYouTube && ytInfo.videoId) {
+			const streamInfo = await getYouTubeStreamInfo(ytInfo.videoId);
+			if ("error" in streamInfo) {
+				return { url, title: "Frames", content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
+			}
+			if (streamInfo.duration === null) {
+				const error = "Cannot determine video duration. Use a timestamp range instead.";
+				return { url, title: "Frames", content: error, error };
+			}
+			const dur = Math.floor(streamInfo.duration);
+			const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(0, dur, frameCount);
+			const result = await extractYouTubeFrames(ytInfo.videoId, timestamps, streamInfo);
+			const label = `${formatSeconds(0)}-${formatSeconds(dur)}`;
+			return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, streamInfo.duration);
+		}
+
+		const localVideo = safeVideoInfo(url);
+		if (localVideo.status === "invalid") {
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: localVideo.error };
+		}
+		if (localVideo.status === "video") {
+			const durationResult = await getLocalVideoDuration(localVideo.info.absolutePath);
+			if (typeof durationResult !== "number") {
+				return { url, title: "Frames", content: durationResult.error, error: durationResult.error };
+			}
+			const dur = Math.floor(durationResult);
+			const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(0, dur, frameCount);
+			const result = await extractLocalFrames(localVideo.info.absolutePath, timestamps);
+			const label = `${formatSeconds(0)}-${formatSeconds(dur)}`;
+			return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, durationResult);
+		}
+
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Frame extraction only works with YouTube and local video files" };
+	}
+
+	if (options?.timestamp) {
+		const spec = parseTimestampSpec(options.timestamp);
+		if (!spec) {
+			return {
+				url,
+				title: "",
+				content: "",
+				error: `Invalid timestamp format: "${options.timestamp}". Use "H:MM:SS", "MM:SS", "85", or "start-end".`,
+			};
+		}
+
+		const frameCount = options.frames;
+		const ytInfo = isYouTubeURL(url);
+		if (ytInfo.isYouTube && ytInfo.videoId) {
+			const streamInfo = await getYouTubeStreamInfo(ytInfo.videoId);
+			if ("error" in streamInfo) {
+				if (spec.type === "range") {
+					const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.start)}-${formatSeconds(spec.end)}`;
+					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
+				}
+				if (frameCount) {
+					const end = spec.seconds + (frameCount - 1) * MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL;
+					const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)}-${formatSeconds(end)}`;
+					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
+				}
+				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: streamInfo.error, error: streamInfo.error };
+			}
+
+			if (spec.type === "range") {
+				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.start)}-${formatSeconds(spec.end)}`;
+				if (streamInfo.duration !== null && spec.end > streamInfo.duration) {
+					const error = `Timestamp ${formatSeconds(spec.end)} exceeds video duration (${formatSeconds(Math.floor(streamInfo.duration))})`;
+					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: error, error };
+				}
+				const timestamps = frameCount
+					? computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end, frameCount)
+					: computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end);
+				const result = await extractYouTubeFrames(ytInfo.videoId, timestamps, streamInfo);
+				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, result.duration ?? undefined);
+			}
+
+			if (frameCount) {
+				const end = spec.seconds + (frameCount - 1) * MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL;
+				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)}-${formatSeconds(end)}`;
+				if (streamInfo.duration !== null && end > streamInfo.duration) {
+					const error = `Timestamp ${formatSeconds(end)} exceeds video duration (${formatSeconds(Math.floor(streamInfo.duration))})`;
+					return { url, title: `Frames ${label}`, content: error, error };
+				}
+				const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(spec.seconds, end, frameCount);
+				const result = await extractYouTubeFrames(ytInfo.videoId, timestamps, streamInfo);
+				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error, result.duration ?? undefined);
+			}
+
+			if (streamInfo.duration !== null && spec.seconds > streamInfo.duration) {
+				const error = `Timestamp ${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)} exceeds video duration (${formatSeconds(Math.floor(streamInfo.duration))})`;
+				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: error, error };
+			}
+			const frame = await extractYouTubeFrame(ytInfo.videoId, spec.seconds, streamInfo);
+			if ("error" in frame) {
+				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: frame.error, error: frame.error };
+			}
+			return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: `Video frame at ${options.timestamp}`, error: null, thumbnail: frame };
+		}
+
+		const localVideo = safeVideoInfo(url);
+		if (localVideo.status === "invalid") {
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: localVideo.error };
+		}
+		if (localVideo.status === "video") {
+			if (spec.type === "range") {
+				const timestamps = frameCount
+					? computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end, frameCount)
+					: computeRangeTimestamps(spec.start, spec.end);
+				const result = await extractLocalFrames(localVideo.info.absolutePath, timestamps);
+				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.start)}-${formatSeconds(spec.end)}`;
+				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error);
+			}
+
+			if (frameCount) {
+				const end = spec.seconds + (frameCount - 1) * MIN_FRAME_INTERVAL;
+				const timestamps = computeRangeTimestamps(spec.seconds, end, frameCount);
+				const result = await extractLocalFrames(localVideo.info.absolutePath, timestamps);
+				const label = `${formatSeconds(spec.seconds)}-${formatSeconds(end)}`;
+				return buildFrameResult(url, label, timestamps.length, result.frames, result.error);
+			}
+
+			const frame = await extractVideoFrame(localVideo.info.absolutePath, spec.seconds);
+			if ("error" in frame) {
+				return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: frame.error, error: frame.error };
+			}
+			return { url, title: `Frame at ${options.timestamp}`, content: `Video frame at ${options.timestamp}`, error: null, thumbnail: frame };
+		}
+
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "Timestamp extraction only works with YouTube and local video files" };
+	}
+
+	const localVideo = safeVideoInfo(url);
+	if (localVideo.status === "invalid") {
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: localVideo.error };
+	}
+	if (localVideo.status === "video") {
+		try {
+			const result = await extractVideo(localVideo.info, signal, options);
+			if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+			return result ?? { url, title: "", content: "", error: `Video analysis requires Gemini access. Either:\n  1. Sign into gemini.google.com in Chrome (free, uses cookies)\n  2. Set GEMINI_API_KEY in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}` };
+		} catch (err) {
+			if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
+		}
+	}
+
+	try {
+		if (!remoteUrl) new URL(url);
+	} catch (err) {
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
+	}
+
+	try {
+		const ghIssuePrResult = await extractGitHubIssuePr(url, signal, options);
+		if (ghIssuePrResult) return ghIssuePrResult;
+		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = errorMessage(err);
+		if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
+		if (isConfigParseError(err)) {
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+		}
+	}
+
+	try {
+		const ghResult = await extractGitHub(url, signal, options?.forceClone);
+		if (ghResult) return ghResult;
+		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = errorMessage(err);
+		if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
+		if (isConfigParseError(err)) {
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+		}
+	}
+
+	const ytInfo = isYouTubeURL(url);
+	let youtubeEnabled = false;
+	try {
+		youtubeEnabled = isYouTubeEnabled();
+	} catch (err) {
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
+	}
+	if (ytInfo.isYouTube && youtubeEnabled) {
+		try {
+			const ytResult = await extractYouTube(url, signal, options?.prompt, options?.model);
+			if (ytResult) return ytResult;
+			if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+		} catch (err) {
+			const message = errorMessage(err);
+			if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+		}
+		return {
+			url,
+			title: "",
+			content: "",
+			error: "Could not extract YouTube video content. Sign into Google in a supported Chromium browser for automatic access, or set GEMINI_API_KEY.",
+		};
+	}
+
+	if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+
+	let fetchRouting: FetchRouting;
+	try {
+		fetchRouting = loadFetchRouting();
+	} catch (err) {
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: errorMessage(err) };
+	}
+	const providerOrder = remoteUrl && !fetchRouting.allowRemoteHostedProviders
+		? fetchRouting.providers.filter(provider => !REMOTE_HOSTED_FETCH_PROVIDERS.has(provider))
+		: fetchRouting.providers;
+	if (providerOrder.length === 0) {
+		return {
+			url,
+			title: "",
+			content: "",
+			error: "Remote hosted fetch providers are disabled unless fetchRouting.allowRemoteHostedProviders is true",
+		};
+	}
+
+	let httpResult: ExtractedContent | null = null;
+	let declaredLinks: DeclaredWebLink[] = [];
+	const withDeclaredLinks = (result: ExtractedContent): ExtractedContent => ({
+		...result,
+		content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(result.content, declaredLinks),
+	});
+	const parseErrorResult = (message: string): ExtractedContent => httpResult
+		? { ...httpResult, error: message }
+		: { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+	const runHttpProvider = async (): Promise<ExtractedContent | null> => {
+		const { declaredLinks: discoveredLinks = [], ...result } = await extractViaHttp(url, signal, options);
+		httpResult = result;
+		declaredLinks = discoveredLinks;
+		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+		if (!httpResult.error) return httpResult;
+		if (NON_RECOVERABLE_ERRORS.some(prefix => httpResult!.error!.startsWith(prefix)) || isRedirectPolicyError(httpResult.error) || isConfigParseError(httpResult.error)) {
+			return httpResult;
+		}
+		return null;
+	};
+
+	let brightdataError: string | null = null;
+
+	if (remoteUrl && providerOrder[0] !== "http") {
+		const httpGateResult = await runHttpProvider();
+		if (httpGateResult) return httpGateResult;
+	}
+
+	for (const provider of providerOrder) {
+		if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+
+		if (provider === "http") {
+			const result = await runHttpProvider();
+			if (result) return result;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+
+		if (provider === "jina") {
+			const jinaResult = await extractWithJinaReader(url, signal, options?.lookup);
+			if (jinaResult) return withDeclaredLinks(jinaResult);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+		if (provider === "brightdata") {
+			try {
+				if (isBrightDataUnlockerAvailable()) {
+					const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
+					const brightdataResult = await extractWithBrightDataUnlocker(url, signal, {
+						timeoutMs: options?.timeoutMs,
+						...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}),
+						ssrf,
+					});
+					if (brightdataResult) return withDeclaredLinks(brightdataResult);
+				}
+			} catch (err) {
+				if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
+				brightdataError = errorMessage(err);
+				if (isConfigParseError(err)) return parseErrorResult(brightdataError);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (provider === "gemini") {
+			let geminiResult: ExtractedContent | null = null;
+			try {
+				geminiResult = await extractWithUrlContext(url, signal)
+					?? await extractWithGeminiWeb(url, signal);
+			} catch (err) {
+				if (isAbortError(err)) return abortedResult(url);
+				if (err instanceof CredentialResolutionError || isConfigParseError(err)) {
+					return parseErrorResult(errorMessage(err));
+				}
+			}
+			if (geminiResult) return withDeclaredLinks(geminiResult);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+	const finalHttpResult = httpResult as ExtractedContent | null;
+	if (finalHttpResult && declaredLinks.length > 0) return { ...finalHttpResult, error: null };
+
+	// A definitive 404/410 from the origin means no extraction provider can
+	// retrieve the page, so the provider-configuration checklist below would
+	// send users down the wrong path. Point at search instead.
+	if (finalHttpResult?.status === 404 || finalHttpResult?.status === 410) {
+		return { ...finalHttpResult, error: notFoundGuidance(finalHttpResult, options?.toolNames) };
+	}
+
+	const searchToolName = options?.toolNames?.webSearch;
+	const guidance = [
+		finalHttpResult?.error ?? "No fetch_content provider returned content",
+		...(brightdataError ? [`Bright Data fallback failed: ${brightdataError}`] : []),
+		"",
+		"Fallback options:",
+		`  • Set brightdataApiKey and brightdataUnlockerZone in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH} or BRIGHTDATA_API_KEY and BRIGHTDATA_UNLOCKER_ZONE`,
+		`  • Set GEMINI_API_KEY in ${WEB_SEARCH_CONFIG_PATH}`,
+		"  • Sign into gemini.google.com in Chrome",
+		...(searchToolName ? [`  • Use ${searchToolName} to find content about this topic`] : []),
+	].join("\n");
+	return { ...(finalHttpResult ?? { url, title: "", content: "", error: null }), error: guidance };
+}
+
+function isLikelyJSRendered(html: string): boolean {
+	const bodyMatch = html.match(/<body[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/body>/i);
+	if (!bodyMatch) return false;
+
+	const bodyHtml = bodyMatch[1];
+
+	const textContent = bodyHtml
+		.replace(/<script[\s\S]*?<\/script>/gi, "")
+		.replace(/<style[\s\S]*?<\/style>/gi, "")
+		.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "")
+		.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
+		.trim();
+
+	const scriptCount = (html.match(/<script/gi) || []).length;
+
+	return textContent.length < 500 && scriptCount > 3;
+}
+
+export async function readPDFResponseBuffer(response: Response, maxSizeMB: number): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
+	const maxBytes = maxSizeMB * 1024 * 1024;
+	return readResponseBufferWithLimit(response, maxBytes, () => pdfSizeLimitError(maxSizeMB));
+}
+
+async function readTextResponseWithLimit(response: Response, maxBytes: number): Promise<string> {
+	const buffer = await readResponseBufferWithLimit(response, maxBytes, () => responseSizeLimitError(maxBytes));
+	const charset = response.headers.get("content-type")?.match(/charset\s*=\s*["']?([^;"'\s]+)/i)?.[1];
+	try {
+		return new TextDecoder(charset || "utf-8").decode(buffer);
+	} catch {
+		return new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(buffer);
+	}
+}
+
+function isTextContentType(contentType: string): boolean {
+	const mimeType = contentType.split(";", 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? "";
+	return mimeType.startsWith("text/") ||
+		mimeType === "application/json" ||
+		mimeType === "application/ld+json" ||
+		mimeType === "application/xml" ||
+		mimeType === "application/xhtml+xml" ||
+		mimeType === "application/javascript" ||
+		mimeType === "application/x-javascript" ||
+		mimeType.endsWith("+json") ||
+		mimeType.endsWith("+xml");
+}
+
+async function readResponseBufferWithLimit(
+	response: Response,
+	maxBytes: number,
+	buildError: () => Error,
+): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
+	const reader = response.body?.getReader();
+	if (!reader) {
+		const buffer = await response.arrayBuffer();
+		if (buffer.byteLength > maxBytes) throw buildError();
+		return buffer;
+	}
+
+	const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+	let totalBytes = 0;
+	try {
+		while (true) {
+			const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+			if (done) break;
+			if (!value) continue;
+			totalBytes += value.byteLength;
+			if (totalBytes > maxBytes) {
+				await reader.cancel();
+				throw buildError();
+			}
+			chunks.push(value);
+		}
+	} finally {
+		reader.releaseLock();
+	}
+
+	const combined = new Uint8Array(totalBytes);
+	let offset = 0;
+	for (const chunk of chunks) {
+		combined.set(chunk, offset);
+		offset += chunk.byteLength;
+	}
+	return combined.buffer;
+}
+
+function pdfSizeLimitError(maxSizeMB: number): Error {
+	return new Error(`PDF exceeds configured pdf.maxSizeMB limit (${maxSizeMB} MB)`);
+}
+
+function responseSizeLimitError(maxBytes: number): Error {
+	return new Error(`Response too large (${Math.round(maxBytes / 1024 / 1024)}MB)`);
+}
+
+async function extractViaHttp(
+	url: string,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+	options?: ExtractOptions,
+): Promise<HttpExtractedContent> {
+	const timeoutMs = options?.timeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS;
+	const activityId = activityMonitor.logStart({ type: "fetch", url });
+
+	const controller = new AbortController();
+	const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
+
+	const onAbort = () => controller.abort();
+	signal?.addEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+
+	try {
+		const ssrf = loadSsrfConfig();
+		const domainPolicy = loadFetchContentDomainPolicy();
+		const authProfile = options?.authFetchProfile;
+		const trustEnvProxy = options?.proxy === undefined && ssrf.trustEnvProxy;
+		const requestInit: ProxiedRequestInit = {
+			signal: controller.signal,
+			__proxy: options?.proxy,
+			headers: {
+				"User-Agent": "OpenAI File Downloader, XaiImageApiFetch/1.0",
+				"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
+				"Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
+				"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
+				"Sec-Fetch-Dest": "document",
+				"Sec-Fetch-Mode": "navigate",
+				"Sec-Fetch-Site": "none",
+				"Sec-Fetch-User": "?1",
+				"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
+			},
+		};
+		const response = authProfile
+			? await fetchAuthenticatedRemoteUrl(url, requestInit, { ssrf: { ...ssrf, trustEnvProxy }, domainPolicy, ...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}) }, authProfile)
+			: await fetchRemoteUrl(
+				url,
+				requestInit,
+				{
+					allowRanges: ssrf.allowRanges,
+					trustEnvProxy,
+					domainPolicy,
+					...(options?.lookup ? { lookup: options.lookup } : {}),
+				},
+			);
+
+		if (!response.ok && options?.mode !== "raw") {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+			return {
+				url,
+				title: "",
+				content: "",
+				error: `HTTP ${response.status}: ${response.statusText}`,
+				status: response.status,
+			};
+		}
+
+		const contentLengthHeader = response.headers.get("content-length");
+		const contentType = response.headers.get("content-type") || "";
+		const mimeType = contentType.split(";", 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? "";
+		const isPDFContent = isPDF(url, contentType);
+		const pdfConfig = isPDFContent ? loadPDFConfig() : null;
+		if (isPDFContent && pdfConfig && !pdfConfig.enabled) {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+			return { url, title: "", content: "", error: "PDF extraction is disabled by pdf.enabled", mimeType, status: response.status };
+		}
+		const maxResponseSize = (pdfConfig?.maxSizeMB ?? 5) * 1024 * 1024;
+		if (contentLengthHeader) {
+			const contentLength = Number.parseInt(contentLengthHeader, 10);
+			if (Number.isFinite(contentLength) && contentLength > maxResponseSize) {
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				return {
+					url,
+					title: "",
+					content: "",
+					error: pdfConfig
+						? pdfSizeLimitError(pdfConfig.maxSizeMB).message
+						: `Response too large (${Math.round(contentLength / 1024 / 1024)}MB)`,
+				};
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (options?.mode === "raw") {
+			if (!isTextContentType(contentType)) {
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: `Unsupported content type in raw mode: ${mimeType || "missing"}`, mimeType, status: response.status };
+			}
+			const text = await readTextResponseWithLimit(response, maxResponseSize);
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+			return { url, title: extractTextTitle(text, url), content: text, error: null, mimeType, status: response.status };
+		}
+
+		if (SUPPORTED_IMAGE_TYPES.has(mimeType)) {
+			const disabled = imageGateError();
+			if (disabled) {
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: disabled, mimeType, status: response.status };
+			}
+			try {
+				const buffer = await readResponseBufferWithLimit(response, maxResponseSize, () => responseSizeLimitError(maxResponseSize));
+				const resized = await resizeImage(new Uint8Array(buffer), mimeType, { maxWidth: 2000, maxHeight: 2000 });
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				if (!resized) return { url, title: "", content: "", error: `Could not decode image: ${mimeType}`, mimeType, status: response.status };
+				const title = new URL(response.url || url).pathname.split("/").pop() || url;
+				return {
+					url,
+					title,
+					content: `Image fetched (${resized.width}×${resized.height}, ${resized.mimeType})`,
+					error: null,
+					thumbnail: { data: resized.data, mimeType: resized.mimeType },
+					mimeType: resized.mimeType,
+					status: response.status,
+				};
+			} catch (err) {
+				const message = errorMessage(err);
+				activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
+				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message, mimeType, status: response.status };
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (isPDFContent && pdfConfig) {
+			try {
+				const buffer = await readPDFResponseBuffer(response, pdfConfig.maxSizeMB);
+				if (signal?.aborted) return abortedResult(url);
+				const result = await extractPDFToMarkdown(buffer, url, { signal });
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				return {
+					url,
+					title: result.title,
+					content: `PDF extracted and saved to: ${result.outputPath}\n\nPages: ${result.pages}\nCharacters: ${result.chars}`,
+					error: null,
+				};
+			} catch (err) {
+				const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+				activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
+				if (message.startsWith("PDF exceeds configured pdf.maxSizeMB limit")) {
+					return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+				}
+				if (err instanceof CredentialResolutionError || isConfigParseError(err)) {
+					return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+				}
+				return { url, title: "", content: "", error: `PDF extraction failed: ${message}` };
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (contentType.includes("application/octet-stream") ||
+			contentType.includes("image/") ||
+			contentType.includes("audio/") ||
+			contentType.includes("video/") ||
+			contentType.includes("application/zip")) {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+			return {
+				url,
+				title: "",
+				content: "",
+				error: `Unsupported content type: ${contentType.split(";")[0]}`,
+			};
+		}
+
+		const text = await readTextResponseWithLimit(response, maxResponseSize);
+		const isHTML = contentType.includes("text/html") || contentType.includes("application/xhtml+xml");
+
+		if (!isHTML) {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+			const title = extractTextTitle(text, url);
+			return { url, title, content: text, error: null };
+		}
+
+		const { document } = parseHTML(text);
+		const documentTitle = document.title?.trim() ?? "";
+		const declaredLinks = discoverDeclaredWebLinks(
+			document as unknown as Document,
+			response.headers.get("link"),
+			response.url || url,
+		);
+		const reader = new Readability(document as unknown as Document);
+		const article = reader.parse();
+
+		if (!article) {
+			const rscResult = extractRSCContent(text);
+			if (rscResult && rscResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				return {
+					url,
+					title: rscResult.title,
+					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(rscResult.content, declaredLinks),
+					error: null,
+					declaredLinks,
+				};
+			}
+			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
+			const defuddleResult = await extractWithDefuddle(text, response.url || url);
+			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
+			if (defuddleResult && defuddleResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
+				activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+				return {
+					url,
+					title: documentTitle || defuddleResult.title,
+					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(defuddleResult.content, declaredLinks),
+					error: null,
+					declaredLinks,
+				};
+			}
+
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+			const jsRendered = isLikelyJSRendered(text);
+			const errorMsg = jsRendered
+				? "Page appears to be JavaScript-rendered (content loads dynamically)"
+				: "Could not extract readable content from HTML structure";
+
+			return {
+				url,
+				title: documentTitle,
+				content: appendDeclaredWebLinks("", declaredLinks),
+				error: errorMsg,
+				declaredLinks,
+			};
+		}
+
+		if (typeof article.content !== "string") {
+			throw new Error("Readability returned invalid article content");
+		}
+		const markdown = turndown.turndown(article.content);
+		activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, response.status);
+
+		if (markdown.length < MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
+			const rscResult = extractRSCContent(text);
+			if (rscResult && rscResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
+				return {
+					url,
+					title: rscResult.title,
+					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(rscResult.content, declaredLinks),
+					error: null,
+					declaredLinks,
+				};
+			}
+			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
+			const defuddleResult = await extractWithDefuddle(text, response.url || url);
+			controller.signal.throwIfAborted();
+			if (defuddleResult && defuddleResult.content.length >= MIN_USEFUL_CONTENT) {
+				return {
+					url,
+					title: article.title || documentTitle || defuddleResult.title,
+					content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(defuddleResult.content, declaredLinks),
+					error: null,
+					declaredLinks,
+				};
+			}
+			return {
+				url,
+				title: article.title || documentTitle,
+				content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(markdown, declaredLinks),
+				error: isLikelyJSRendered(text)
+					? "Page appears to be JavaScript-rendered (content loads dynamically)"
+					: "Extracted content appears incomplete",
+				declaredLinks,
+			};
+		}
+
+		return {
+			url,
+			title: article.title || documentTitle,
+			content: appendDeclaredWebLinks(markdown, declaredLinks),
+			error: null,
+			declaredLinks,
+		};
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		if (message.toLowerCase().includes("abort")) {
+			activityMonitor.logComplete(activityId, 0);
+		} else {
+			activityMonitor.logError(activityId, message);
+		}
+		return { url, title: "", content: "", error: message };
+	} finally {
+		clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+		signal?.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+	}
+}
+
+export function extractHeadingTitle(text: string): string | null {
+	const match = text.match(/^#{1,2}\s+(.+)/m);
+	if (!match) return null;
+	const cleaned = match[1].replace(/\*+/g, "").trim();
+	return cleaned || null;
+}
+
+function extractTextTitle(text: string, url: string): string {
+	return extractHeadingTitle(text) ?? (new URL(url).pathname.split("/").pop() || url);
+}
+
+export async function fetchAllContent(
+	urls: string[],
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+	options?: ExtractOptions,
+): Promise<ExtractedContent[]> {
+	const results = await Promise.all(urls.map((url) => fetchLimit(() => extractContent(url, signal, options))));
+	if (options?.mode === "raw") return results;
+	// Inline data: URIs in extracted markdown would otherwise flow into tool
+	// results and the fetch cache as opaque base64; typed thumbnail/frame image
+	// blocks are deliberate outputs and are left untouched.
+	return results.map((result, index) => {
+		if (!result.content) return result;
+		const sanitized = sanitizeInlineDataUris(result.content, `urls[${index}].content`);
+		return sanitized.omissions.length > 0 ? { ...result, content: sanitized.text } : result;
+	});
+}