@asterxsk/kiln 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

package/agent/extensions/subagents/src/backends/pi.ts

@@ -1,575 +1,575 @@
-/**
- * pi backend — real implementation over the pi SDK.
- *
- * Each subagent is an in-process `AgentSession` (a port of v1
- * subagents/manager.ts + shared/child-session.ts):
- * - real session files visible in /resume, child resources loaded per-cwd
- *   with trust gating, and the child tool denylist;
- * - `session.subscribe()` events translated to normalized SubagentEvents;
- * - send() steers a streaming run or starts a fresh prompt() when idle;
- * - interrupt clears the queue and aborts; closing the session scope emits
- *   the child session_shutdown hook and disposes the session.
- */
-
-import type { AssistantMessage, Message, Model } from "@earendil-works/pi-ai";
-import type {
-  AgentSession,
-  AgentSessionEvent,
-  ModelRegistry,
-} from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
-import {
-  createAgentSession,
-  DefaultResourceLoader,
-  getAgentDir,
-  SessionManager,
-  SettingsManager,
-} from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
-import type { Cause, Scope } from "effect";
-import { Effect, Queue, Stream } from "effect";
-import type { SubagentBackend, SubagentSession } from "../backend.ts";
-import type {
-  SpawnTask,
-  SubagentEvent,
-  SubagentMeta,
-  TranscriptPart,
-} from "../domain.ts";
-import { SendError, SpawnError } from "../domain.ts";
-import { createToolCallTimeoutGuard } from "../../../shared/tool-call-timeout.ts";
-
-const CHILD_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
-
-/** Tools that headless children must not receive. Everything else stays enabled. */
-const CHILD_EXCLUDED_TOOL_NAMES = [
-  "subagent_spawn",
-  "subagent_wait",
-  "subagent_cancel",
-  "subagent_check",
-  "subagent_list",
-  "workflow",
-  "ask_user",
-] as const;
-
-// --- Model + effort resolution -----------------------------------------------
-
-type ThinkingLevel = NonNullable<
-  NonNullable<Parameters<typeof createAgentSession>[0]>["thinkingLevel"]
->;
-
-/**
- * Resolve the generic model hint against the parent registry (v1 semantics):
- * "provider/model-id" is exact; a bare id prefers the inherited provider,
- * then must be unambiguous across providers. No hint inherits the parent
- * model; with nothing to inherit, the SDK default applies.
- */
-function resolvePiModel(
-  registry: ModelRegistry,
-  hint: string | undefined,
-  inherited: { provider: string; id: string } | undefined,
-): Model<any> | undefined {
-  if (!hint) {
-    if (!inherited) return undefined;
-    return registry.find(inherited.provider, inherited.id) ?? undefined;
-  }
-  const slash = hint.indexOf("/");
-  if (slash > 0) {
-    const provider = hint.slice(0, slash);
-    const id = hint.slice(slash + 1);
-    const found = registry.find(provider, id);
-    if (found) return found;
-    throw new Error(`Unknown model "${hint}".`);
-  }
-  if (inherited) {
-    const found = registry.find(inherited.provider, hint);
-    if (found) return found;
-  }
-  const matches = registry.getAll().filter((m) => m.id === hint);
-  if (matches.length === 1) return matches[0];
-  if (matches.length > 1) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `Model "${hint}" exists in multiple providers (${matches.map((m) => m.provider).join(", ")}). Use "provider/${hint}".`,
-    );
-  }
-  throw new Error(`Unknown model "${hint}".`);
-}
-
-// --- Child session helpers (ported from v1 shared/child-session.ts) -----------
-
-/** Load normal global/package resources and trust-gated project resources. */
-async function createChildResources(cwd: string, projectTrusted: boolean) {
-  const agentDir = getAgentDir();
-  const settingsManager = SettingsManager.create(cwd, agentDir, {
-    projectTrusted,
-  });
-  const loader = new DefaultResourceLoader({ cwd, agentDir, settingsManager });
-  await loader.reload();
-  return { loader, settingsManager };
-}
-
-function waitBounded(operation: Promise<unknown>, timeoutMs: number) {
-  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
-  const timeout = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    timer = setTimeout(resolve, timeoutMs);
-  });
-  return Promise.race([
-    operation.then(
-      () => undefined,
-      () => undefined,
-    ),
-    timeout,
-  ])
-    .catch(() => {})
-    .finally(() => {
-      if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
-    });
-}
-
-/** Emit child session_shutdown (bounded), then dispose. Never throws. */
-async function shutdownAndDisposeChildSession(session: AgentSession) {
-  try {
-    if (session.extensionRunner.hasHandlers("session_shutdown")) {
-      await waitBounded(
-        session.extensionRunner.emit({
-          type: "session_shutdown",
-          reason: "quit",
-        }),
-        CHILD_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT_MS,
-      );
-    }
-  } catch {
-    // Extension runner inspection/emission is best-effort during teardown.
-  } finally {
-    try {
-      session.dispose();
-    } catch {
-      // Disposal is terminal and must remain idempotent for callers.
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// --- Event translation ----------------------------------------------------------
-
-function messageRole(msg: unknown): Message["role"] | undefined {
-  const role = (msg as { role?: string } | undefined)?.role;
-  if (role === "user" || role === "assistant" || role === "toolResult")
-    return role;
-  return undefined;
-}
-
-function lastAssistantMessage(
-  session: AgentSession,
-): AssistantMessage | undefined {
-  const messages = session.messages;
-  for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-    const msg = messages[i];
-    if (messageRole(msg) === "assistant") return msg as AssistantMessage;
-  }
-  return undefined;
-}
-
-/** Final assistant text output (last assistant message with text), v1 semantics. */
-function finalOutput(session: AgentSession): string {
-  const messages = session.messages;
-  for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-    const msg = messages[i];
-    if (messageRole(msg) !== "assistant") continue;
-    const text = (msg as AssistantMessage).content
-      .filter((part) => part.type === "text")
-      .map((part) => part.text)
-      .join("\n")
-      .trim();
-    if (text) return text;
-  }
-  return "";
-}
-
-function safeJson(value: unknown): string | undefined {
-  try {
-    const text = JSON.stringify(value);
-    return text === "{}" ? undefined : text.slice(0, 4_096);
-  } catch {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-}
-
-/** First non-empty line of a tool result-ish value (v1 liveToolPreview). */
-function toolPreview(value: unknown): string | undefined {
-  if (typeof value === "string") {
-    return value
-      .split("\n")
-      .find((line) => line.trim())
-      ?.trim();
-  }
-  if (!value || typeof value !== "object") return undefined;
-  const content = (value as { content?: unknown }).content;
-  if (!Array.isArray(content)) return undefined;
-  for (const part of content) {
-    if (!part || typeof part !== "object") continue;
-    const record = part as { type?: unknown; text?: unknown };
-    if (record.type !== "text" || typeof record.text !== "string") continue;
-    const firstLine = record.text.split("\n").find((line) => line.trim());
-    if (firstLine) return firstLine.trim();
-  }
-  return undefined;
-}
-
-function assistantParts(msg: AssistantMessage): TranscriptPart[] {
-  const parts: TranscriptPart[] = [];
-  for (const part of msg.content) {
-    if (part.type === "text") {
-      parts.push({ type: "text", text: part.text });
-    } else if (part.type === "thinking") {
-      parts.push({
-        type: "thinking",
-        text: part.redacted ? "" : part.thinking,
-        redacted: part.redacted,
-      });
-    } else if (part.type === "toolCall") {
-      parts.push({
-        type: "toolCall",
-        toolId: part.id,
-        name: part.name,
-        argsPreview: safeJson(part.arguments),
-      });
-    }
-  }
-  return parts;
-}
-
-function userText(msg: Message): string {
-  const content = (msg as { content: unknown }).content;
-  if (typeof content === "string") return content;
-  if (!Array.isArray(content)) return "";
-  return content
-    .filter(
-      (part): part is { type: "text"; text: string } =>
-        !!part &&
-        typeof part === "object" &&
-        (part as { type?: unknown }).type === "text",
-    )
-    .map((part) => part.text)
-    .join("\n");
-}
-
-// --- The session ------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function boundedError(error: unknown) {
-  return (error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)).slice(
-    0,
-    4096,
-  );
-}
-
-const makePiSession = (
-  task: SpawnTask,
-): Effect.Effect<SubagentSession, SpawnError, Scope.Scope> =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const registry = task.parent.modelRegistry;
-    if (!registry) {
-      return yield* new SpawnError({
-        message: "pi backend requires the parent session's model registry.",
-      });
-    }
-
-    const model = yield* Effect.try({
-      try: () =>
-        resolvePiModel(registry, task.model, task.parent.inheritedModel),
-      catch: (error) => new SpawnError({ message: boundedError(error) }),
-    });
-    // pi's thinking levels ARE the shared reasoning-effort scale.
-    const thinkingLevel = (task.reasoningEffort ??
-      task.parent.inheritedThinkingLevel) as ThinkingLevel | undefined;
-
-    const session = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-      try: async () => {
-        const { loader, settingsManager } = await createChildResources(
-          task.cwd,
-          task.parent.projectTrusted,
-        );
-        const { session } = await createAgentSession({
-          cwd: task.cwd,
-          sessionManager: SessionManager.create(task.cwd),
-          settingsManager,
-          resourceLoader: loader,
-          model,
-          thinkingLevel,
-          excludeTools: [...CHILD_EXCLUDED_TOOL_NAMES],
-        });
-        // Start child extension session hooks/resources in headless mode.
-        // A rejection here would otherwise leak the freshly created session:
-        // the scope finalizer that owns cleanup is only registered later.
-        try {
-          await session.bindExtensions({ mode: "print" });
-        } catch (error) {
-          await shutdownAndDisposeChildSession(session);
-          throw error;
-        }
-        return session;
-      },
-      catch: (error) => new SpawnError({ message: boundedError(error) }),
-    });
-
-    const state = {
-      closed: false,
-      /** prompt() rejection for the active run; folded into RunSettled. */
-      runError: undefined as string | undefined,
-      /** One terminal event per run: lifecycle, prompt-rejection, and abort
-       * fallbacks can all race to settle; the first wins. */
-      settled: false,
-    };
-
-    const events = yield* Queue.make<SubagentEvent, Cause.Done>();
-    const emit = (event: SubagentEvent) => {
-      Queue.offerUnsafe(events, event);
-    };
-
-    const toolTimeout = createToolCallTimeoutGuard();
-    toolTimeout.apply(session);
-
-    const activeModel = (): Model<any> | undefined => {
-      const sessionModel = session.model;
-      const last = lastAssistantMessage(session);
-      if (!last) return sessionModel;
-      if (
-        sessionModel &&
-        (last.provider !== sessionModel.provider ||
-          last.model !== sessionModel.id)
-      ) {
-        // The session changed models after this assistant response.
-        return sessionModel;
-      }
-      return (
-        registry.find(last.provider, last.responseModel ?? last.model) ??
-        sessionModel
-      );
-    };
-
-    const currentMeta = (): SubagentMeta => {
-      const m = activeModel();
-      return {
-        backend: "pi",
-        modelLabel: m ? `${m.provider}/${m.id}` : undefined,
-        contextWindow: m?.contextWindow,
-        sessionFilePath: session.sessionFile,
-      };
-    };
-
-    const emitUsage = () => {
-      const usage = session.getContextUsage();
-      emit({
-        _tag: "UsageChanged",
-        tokens: usage?.tokens ?? undefined,
-        contextWindow: activeModel()?.contextWindow ?? usage?.contextWindow,
-      });
-    };
-
-    const settle = () => {
-      if (state.settled) return;
-      state.settled = true;
-      const last = lastAssistantMessage(session);
-      const partialText = finalOutput(session) || undefined;
-      if (last?.stopReason === "aborted") {
-        emit({
-          _tag: "RunSettled",
-          outcome: { _tag: "Interrupted", partialText },
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-      const errorText =
-        state.runError ??
-        (last?.stopReason === "error"
-          ? (last.errorMessage ?? "Run failed")
-          : undefined);
-      if (errorText !== undefined) {
-        emit({
-          _tag: "RunSettled",
-          outcome: {
-            _tag: "Failed",
-            errorText: boundedError(errorText),
-            partialText,
-          },
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-      emit({
-        _tag: "RunSettled",
-        outcome: { _tag: "Completed", finalText: finalOutput(session) },
-      });
-    };
-
-    const handleEvent = (event: AgentSessionEvent) => {
-      if (state.closed) return;
-      switch (event.type) {
-        case "agent_start":
-          // Extensions may register tools between runs; guard new ones too.
-          toolTimeout.apply(session);
-          state.settled = false;
-          emit({ _tag: "RunStarted" });
-          break;
-        case "message_update": {
-          const streamEvent = event.assistantMessageEvent;
-          if (streamEvent.type === "text_delta") {
-            emit({
-              _tag: "AssistantDelta",
-              kind: "text",
-              delta: streamEvent.delta,
-            });
-          } else if (streamEvent.type === "thinking_delta") {
-            emit({
-              _tag: "AssistantDelta",
-              kind: "thinking",
-              delta: streamEvent.delta,
-            });
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        case "message_end": {
-          const role = messageRole(event.message);
-          if (role === "user") {
-            const text = userText(event.message as Message);
-            if (text.trim()) emit({ _tag: "UserMessage", text });
-          } else if (role === "assistant") {
-            emit({
-              _tag: "AssistantMessage",
-              parts: assistantParts(event.message as AssistantMessage),
-            });
-            emitUsage();
-            emit({ _tag: "MetaChanged", meta: currentMeta() });
-          }
-          // toolResult messages are covered by tool_execution_end.
-          break;
-        }
-        case "tool_execution_start":
-          emit({
-            _tag: "ToolStart",
-            toolId: event.toolCallId,
-            name: event.toolName,
-            argsPreview: safeJson(event.args),
-          });
-          break;
-        case "tool_execution_update":
-          emit({
-            _tag: "ToolUpdate",
-            toolId: event.toolCallId,
-            outputPreview: toolPreview(event.partialResult),
-          });
-          break;
-        case "tool_execution_end":
-          emit({
-            _tag: "ToolEnd",
-            toolId: event.toolCallId,
-            name: event.toolName,
-            isError: event.isError,
-            outputPreview: toolPreview(event.result),
-          });
-          break;
-        case "queue_update":
-          emit({
-            _tag: "QueueChanged",
-            queued: [
-              ...event.steering.map((text) => ({
-                text,
-                kind: "steer" as const,
-              })),
-              ...event.followUp.map((text) => ({
-                text,
-                kind: "follow-up" as const,
-              })),
-            ],
-          });
-          break;
-        case "agent_settled":
-          settle();
-          break;
-      }
-    };
-    const unsubscribe = session.subscribe(handleEvent);
-
-    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
-      Effect.promise(async () => {
-        state.closed = true;
-        unsubscribe();
-        try {
-          session.clearQueue();
-        } catch {
-          // Continue with abort/dispose.
-        }
-        await waitBounded(session.abort(), CHILD_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        await shutdownAndDisposeChildSession(session);
-        Queue.endUnsafe(events);
-      }),
-    );
-
-    /** Start a fresh run (v1 manager.run): fire-and-forget, errors -> events. */
-    const startRun = (text: string) => {
-      state.runError = undefined;
-      state.settled = false;
-      emit({ _tag: "RunStarted" });
-      void session.prompt(text).catch((error) => {
-        state.runError = boundedError(error);
-        // Preflight failures may never start the agent lifecycle, so no
-        // agent_settled will arrive for them.
-        if (!session.isStreaming) settle();
-      });
-    };
-
-    // Session naming is best-effort.
-    yield* Effect.try(() =>
-      session.sessionManager.appendSessionInfo(
-        `${task.origin === "btw" ? "btw" : "subagent"}: ${task.title}`,
-      ),
-    ).pipe(Effect.ignore);
-
-    emit({ _tag: "MetaChanged", meta: currentMeta() });
-    startRun(task.prompt);
-
-    return {
-      meta: Effect.sync(currentMeta),
-      events: Stream.fromQueue(events),
-      send: (text) =>
-        Effect.suspend((): Effect.Effect<void, SendError> => {
-          if (state.closed) {
-            return new SendError({ message: "Subagent session is closed." });
-          }
-          if (session.isStreaming) {
-            // Steer the active run via the SDK's queue; queue_update events
-            // render it, message_end(user) lands it in the transcript. A
-            // rejected steer is a real send failure, not a diagnostic.
-            return Effect.tryPromise({
-              try: () => session.steer(text),
-              catch: (error) => new SendError({ message: boundedError(error) }),
-            }).pipe(Effect.asVoid);
-          }
-          return Effect.sync(() => startRun(text));
-        }),
-      interrupt: Effect.promise(async () => {
-        if (state.closed) return;
-        try {
-          session.clearQueue();
-        } catch {
-          // Abort regardless.
-        }
-        await session.abort().catch(() => undefined);
-        // Only resolve once streaming has actually stopped: reporting the
-        // interrupt as complete while the run keeps working would let the
-        // manager settle a run that is still mutating the workspace. The
-        // manager bounds this effect at 5s and force-disposes on timeout.
-        while (!state.closed && session.isStreaming) {
-          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
-        }
-        // No streaming run means no agent_settled will arrive; emit the
-        // terminal event (once) so the run cannot look running forever.
-        if (!state.closed && !state.settled) {
-          state.settled = true;
-          emit({ _tag: "RunSettled", outcome: { _tag: "Interrupted" } });
-        }
-      }),
-    } satisfies SubagentSession;
-  });
-
-export const piBackend: SubagentBackend = {
-  name: "pi",
-  capabilities: { steering: true, modelSelection: true, reasoningEffort: true },
-  // In-process SDK: always available.
-  available: Effect.succeed(true),
-  spawn: makePiSession,
-};
+/**
+ * pi backend — real implementation over the pi SDK.
+ *
+ * Each subagent is an in-process `AgentSession` (a port of v1
+ * subagents/manager.ts + shared/child-session.ts):
+ * - real session files visible in /resume, child resources loaded per-cwd
+ *   with trust gating, and the child tool denylist;
+ * - `session.subscribe()` events translated to normalized SubagentEvents;
+ * - send() steers a streaming run or starts a fresh prompt() when idle;
+ * - interrupt clears the queue and aborts; closing the session scope emits
+ *   the child session_shutdown hook and disposes the session.
+ */
+
+import type { AssistantMessage, Message, Model } from "@earendil-works/pi-ai";
+import type {
+  AgentSession,
+  AgentSessionEvent,
+  ModelRegistry,
+} from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
+import {
+  createAgentSession,
+  DefaultResourceLoader,
+  getAgentDir,
+  SessionManager,
+  SettingsManager,
+} from "@earendil-works/pi-coding-agent";
+import type { Cause, Scope } from "effect";
+import { Effect, Queue, Stream } from "effect";
+import type { SubagentBackend, SubagentSession } from "../backend.ts";
+import type {
+  SpawnTask,
+  SubagentEvent,
+  SubagentMeta,
+  TranscriptPart,
+} from "../domain.ts";
+import { SendError, SpawnError } from "../domain.ts";
+import { createToolCallTimeoutGuard } from "../../../shared/tool-call-timeout.ts";
+
+const CHILD_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+/** Tools that headless children must not receive. Everything else stays enabled. */
+const CHILD_EXCLUDED_TOOL_NAMES = [
+  "subagent_spawn",
+  "subagent_wait",
+  "subagent_cancel",
+  "subagent_check",
+  "subagent_list",
+  "workflow",
+  "ask_user",
+] as const;
+
+// --- Model + effort resolution -----------------------------------------------
+
+type ThinkingLevel = NonNullable<
+  NonNullable<Parameters<typeof createAgentSession>[0]>["thinkingLevel"]
+>;
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the generic model hint against the parent registry (v1 semantics):
+ * "provider/model-id" is exact; a bare id prefers the inherited provider,
+ * then must be unambiguous across providers. No hint inherits the parent
+ * model; with nothing to inherit, the SDK default applies.
+ */
+function resolvePiModel(
+  registry: ModelRegistry,
+  hint: string | undefined,
+  inherited: { provider: string; id: string } | undefined,
+): Model<any> | undefined {
+  if (!hint) {
+    if (!inherited) return undefined;
+    return registry.find(inherited.provider, inherited.id) ?? undefined;
+  }
+  const slash = hint.indexOf("/");
+  if (slash > 0) {
+    const provider = hint.slice(0, slash);
+    const id = hint.slice(slash + 1);
+    const found = registry.find(provider, id);
+    if (found) return found;
+    throw new Error(`Unknown model "${hint}".`);
+  }
+  if (inherited) {
+    const found = registry.find(inherited.provider, hint);
+    if (found) return found;
+  }
+  const matches = registry.getAll().filter((m) => m.id === hint);
+  if (matches.length === 1) return matches[0];
+  if (matches.length > 1) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Model "${hint}" exists in multiple providers (${matches.map((m) => m.provider).join(", ")}). Use "provider/${hint}".`,
+    );
+  }
+  throw new Error(`Unknown model "${hint}".`);
+}
+
+// --- Child session helpers (ported from v1 shared/child-session.ts) -----------
+
+/** Load normal global/package resources and trust-gated project resources. */
+async function createChildResources(cwd: string, projectTrusted: boolean) {
+  const agentDir = getAgentDir();
+  const settingsManager = SettingsManager.create(cwd, agentDir, {
+    projectTrusted,
+  });
+  const loader = new DefaultResourceLoader({ cwd, agentDir, settingsManager });
+  await loader.reload();
+  return { loader, settingsManager };
+}
+
+function waitBounded(operation: Promise<unknown>, timeoutMs: number) {
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+  const timeout = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    timer = setTimeout(resolve, timeoutMs);
+  });
+  return Promise.race([
+    operation.then(
+      () => undefined,
+      () => undefined,
+    ),
+    timeout,
+  ])
+    .catch(() => {})
+    .finally(() => {
+      if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
+    });
+}
+
+/** Emit child session_shutdown (bounded), then dispose. Never throws. */
+async function shutdownAndDisposeChildSession(session: AgentSession) {
+  try {
+    if (session.extensionRunner.hasHandlers("session_shutdown")) {
+      await waitBounded(
+        session.extensionRunner.emit({
+          type: "session_shutdown",
+          reason: "quit",
+        }),
+        CHILD_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      );
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Extension runner inspection/emission is best-effort during teardown.
+  } finally {
+    try {
+      session.dispose();
+    } catch {
+      // Disposal is terminal and must remain idempotent for callers.
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Event translation ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+function messageRole(msg: unknown): Message["role"] | undefined {
+  const role = (msg as { role?: string } | undefined)?.role;
+  if (role === "user" || role === "assistant" || role === "toolResult")
+    return role;
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function lastAssistantMessage(
+  session: AgentSession,
+): AssistantMessage | undefined {
+  const messages = session.messages;
+  for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const msg = messages[i];
+    if (messageRole(msg) === "assistant") return msg as AssistantMessage;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+/** Final assistant text output (last assistant message with text), v1 semantics. */
+function finalOutput(session: AgentSession): string {
+  const messages = session.messages;
+  for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const msg = messages[i];
+    if (messageRole(msg) !== "assistant") continue;
+    const text = (msg as AssistantMessage).content
+      .filter((part) => part.type === "text")
+      .map((part) => part.text)
+      .join("\n")
+      .trim();
+    if (text) return text;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+function safeJson(value: unknown): string | undefined {
+  try {
+    const text = JSON.stringify(value);
+    return text === "{}" ? undefined : text.slice(0, 4_096);
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/** First non-empty line of a tool result-ish value (v1 liveToolPreview). */
+function toolPreview(value: unknown): string | undefined {
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    return value
+      .split("\n")
+      .find((line) => line.trim())
+      ?.trim();
+  }
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object") return undefined;
+  const content = (value as { content?: unknown }).content;
+  if (!Array.isArray(content)) return undefined;
+  for (const part of content) {
+    if (!part || typeof part !== "object") continue;
+    const record = part as { type?: unknown; text?: unknown };
+    if (record.type !== "text" || typeof record.text !== "string") continue;
+    const firstLine = record.text.split("\n").find((line) => line.trim());
+    if (firstLine) return firstLine.trim();
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function assistantParts(msg: AssistantMessage): TranscriptPart[] {
+  const parts: TranscriptPart[] = [];
+  for (const part of msg.content) {
+    if (part.type === "text") {
+      parts.push({ type: "text", text: part.text });
+    } else if (part.type === "thinking") {
+      parts.push({
+        type: "thinking",
+        text: part.redacted ? "" : part.thinking,
+        redacted: part.redacted,
+      });
+    } else if (part.type === "toolCall") {
+      parts.push({
+        type: "toolCall",
+        toolId: part.id,
+        name: part.name,
+        argsPreview: safeJson(part.arguments),
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return parts;
+}
+
+function userText(msg: Message): string {
+  const content = (msg as { content: unknown }).content;
+  if (typeof content === "string") return content;
+  if (!Array.isArray(content)) return "";
+  return content
+    .filter(
+      (part): part is { type: "text"; text: string } =>
+        !!part &&
+        typeof part === "object" &&
+        (part as { type?: unknown }).type === "text",
+    )
+    .map((part) => part.text)
+    .join("\n");
+}
+
+// --- The session ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function boundedError(error: unknown) {
+  return (error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)).slice(
+    0,
+    4096,
+  );
+}
+
+const makePiSession = (
+  task: SpawnTask,
+): Effect.Effect<SubagentSession, SpawnError, Scope.Scope> =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const registry = task.parent.modelRegistry;
+    if (!registry) {
+      return yield* new SpawnError({
+        message: "pi backend requires the parent session's model registry.",
+      });
+    }
+
+    const model = yield* Effect.try({
+      try: () =>
+        resolvePiModel(registry, task.model, task.parent.inheritedModel),
+      catch: (error) => new SpawnError({ message: boundedError(error) }),
+    });
+    // pi's thinking levels ARE the shared reasoning-effort scale.
+    const thinkingLevel = (task.reasoningEffort ??
+      task.parent.inheritedThinkingLevel) as ThinkingLevel | undefined;
+
+    const session = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
+      try: async () => {
+        const { loader, settingsManager } = await createChildResources(
+          task.cwd,
+          task.parent.projectTrusted,
+        );
+        const { session } = await createAgentSession({
+          cwd: task.cwd,
+          sessionManager: SessionManager.create(task.cwd),
+          settingsManager,
+          resourceLoader: loader,
+          model,
+          thinkingLevel,
+          excludeTools: [...CHILD_EXCLUDED_TOOL_NAMES],
+        });
+        // Start child extension session hooks/resources in headless mode.
+        // A rejection here would otherwise leak the freshly created session:
+        // the scope finalizer that owns cleanup is only registered later.
+        try {
+          await session.bindExtensions({ mode: "print" });
+        } catch (error) {
+          await shutdownAndDisposeChildSession(session);
+          throw error;
+        }
+        return session;
+      },
+      catch: (error) => new SpawnError({ message: boundedError(error) }),
+    });
+
+    const state = {
+      closed: false,
+      /** prompt() rejection for the active run; folded into RunSettled. */
+      runError: undefined as string | undefined,
+      /** One terminal event per run: lifecycle, prompt-rejection, and abort
+       * fallbacks can all race to settle; the first wins. */
+      settled: false,
+    };
+
+    const events = yield* Queue.make<SubagentEvent, Cause.Done>();
+    const emit = (event: SubagentEvent) => {
+      Queue.offerUnsafe(events, event);
+    };
+
+    const toolTimeout = createToolCallTimeoutGuard();
+    toolTimeout.apply(session);
+
+    const activeModel = (): Model<any> | undefined => {
+      const sessionModel = session.model;
+      const last = lastAssistantMessage(session);
+      if (!last) return sessionModel;
+      if (
+        sessionModel &&
+        (last.provider !== sessionModel.provider ||
+          last.model !== sessionModel.id)
+      ) {
+        // The session changed models after this assistant response.
+        return sessionModel;
+      }
+      return (
+        registry.find(last.provider, last.responseModel ?? last.model) ??
+        sessionModel
+      );
+    };
+
+    const currentMeta = (): SubagentMeta => {
+      const m = activeModel();
+      return {
+        backend: "pi",
+        modelLabel: m ? `${m.provider}/${m.id}` : undefined,
+        contextWindow: m?.contextWindow,
+        sessionFilePath: session.sessionFile,
+      };
+    };
+
+    const emitUsage = () => {
+      const usage = session.getContextUsage();
+      emit({
+        _tag: "UsageChanged",
+        tokens: usage?.tokens ?? undefined,
+        contextWindow: activeModel()?.contextWindow ?? usage?.contextWindow,
+      });
+    };
+
+    const settle = () => {
+      if (state.settled) return;
+      state.settled = true;
+      const last = lastAssistantMessage(session);
+      const partialText = finalOutput(session) || undefined;
+      if (last?.stopReason === "aborted") {
+        emit({
+          _tag: "RunSettled",
+          outcome: { _tag: "Interrupted", partialText },
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+      const errorText =
+        state.runError ??
+        (last?.stopReason === "error"
+          ? (last.errorMessage ?? "Run failed")
+          : undefined);
+      if (errorText !== undefined) {
+        emit({
+          _tag: "RunSettled",
+          outcome: {
+            _tag: "Failed",
+            errorText: boundedError(errorText),
+            partialText,
+          },
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+      emit({
+        _tag: "RunSettled",
+        outcome: { _tag: "Completed", finalText: finalOutput(session) },
+      });
+    };
+
+    const handleEvent = (event: AgentSessionEvent) => {
+      if (state.closed) return;
+      switch (event.type) {
+        case "agent_start":
+          // Extensions may register tools between runs; guard new ones too.
+          toolTimeout.apply(session);
+          state.settled = false;
+          emit({ _tag: "RunStarted" });
+          break;
+        case "message_update": {
+          const streamEvent = event.assistantMessageEvent;
+          if (streamEvent.type === "text_delta") {
+            emit({
+              _tag: "AssistantDelta",
+              kind: "text",
+              delta: streamEvent.delta,
+            });
+          } else if (streamEvent.type === "thinking_delta") {
+            emit({
+              _tag: "AssistantDelta",
+              kind: "thinking",
+              delta: streamEvent.delta,
+            });
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case "message_end": {
+          const role = messageRole(event.message);
+          if (role === "user") {
+            const text = userText(event.message as Message);
+            if (text.trim()) emit({ _tag: "UserMessage", text });
+          } else if (role === "assistant") {
+            emit({
+              _tag: "AssistantMessage",
+              parts: assistantParts(event.message as AssistantMessage),
+            });
+            emitUsage();
+            emit({ _tag: "MetaChanged", meta: currentMeta() });
+          }
+          // toolResult messages are covered by tool_execution_end.
+          break;
+        }
+        case "tool_execution_start":
+          emit({
+            _tag: "ToolStart",
+            toolId: event.toolCallId,
+            name: event.toolName,
+            argsPreview: safeJson(event.args),
+          });
+          break;
+        case "tool_execution_update":
+          emit({
+            _tag: "ToolUpdate",
+            toolId: event.toolCallId,
+            outputPreview: toolPreview(event.partialResult),
+          });
+          break;
+        case "tool_execution_end":
+          emit({
+            _tag: "ToolEnd",
+            toolId: event.toolCallId,
+            name: event.toolName,
+            isError: event.isError,
+            outputPreview: toolPreview(event.result),
+          });
+          break;
+        case "queue_update":
+          emit({
+            _tag: "QueueChanged",
+            queued: [
+              ...event.steering.map((text) => ({
+                text,
+                kind: "steer" as const,
+              })),
+              ...event.followUp.map((text) => ({
+                text,
+                kind: "follow-up" as const,
+              })),
+            ],
+          });
+          break;
+        case "agent_settled":
+          settle();
+          break;
+      }
+    };
+    const unsubscribe = session.subscribe(handleEvent);
+
+    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+      Effect.promise(async () => {
+        state.closed = true;
+        unsubscribe();
+        try {
+          session.clearQueue();
+        } catch {
+          // Continue with abort/dispose.
+        }
+        await waitBounded(session.abort(), CHILD_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        await shutdownAndDisposeChildSession(session);
+        Queue.endUnsafe(events);
+      }),
+    );
+
+    /** Start a fresh run (v1 manager.run): fire-and-forget, errors -> events. */
+    const startRun = (text: string) => {
+      state.runError = undefined;
+      state.settled = false;
+      emit({ _tag: "RunStarted" });
+      void session.prompt(text).catch((error) => {
+        state.runError = boundedError(error);
+        // Preflight failures may never start the agent lifecycle, so no
+        // agent_settled will arrive for them.
+        if (!session.isStreaming) settle();
+      });
+    };
+
+    // Session naming is best-effort.
+    yield* Effect.try(() =>
+      session.sessionManager.appendSessionInfo(
+        `${task.origin === "btw" ? "btw" : "subagent"}: ${task.title}`,
+      ),
+    ).pipe(Effect.ignore);
+
+    emit({ _tag: "MetaChanged", meta: currentMeta() });
+    startRun(task.prompt);
+
+    return {
+      meta: Effect.sync(currentMeta),
+      events: Stream.fromQueue(events),
+      send: (text) =>
+        Effect.suspend((): Effect.Effect<void, SendError> => {
+          if (state.closed) {
+            return new SendError({ message: "Subagent session is closed." });
+          }
+          if (session.isStreaming) {
+            // Steer the active run via the SDK's queue; queue_update events
+            // render it, message_end(user) lands it in the transcript. A
+            // rejected steer is a real send failure, not a diagnostic.
+            return Effect.tryPromise({
+              try: () => session.steer(text),
+              catch: (error) => new SendError({ message: boundedError(error) }),
+            }).pipe(Effect.asVoid);
+          }
+          return Effect.sync(() => startRun(text));
+        }),
+      interrupt: Effect.promise(async () => {
+        if (state.closed) return;
+        try {
+          session.clearQueue();
+        } catch {
+          // Abort regardless.
+        }
+        await session.abort().catch(() => undefined);
+        // Only resolve once streaming has actually stopped: reporting the
+        // interrupt as complete while the run keeps working would let the
+        // manager settle a run that is still mutating the workspace. The
+        // manager bounds this effect at 5s and force-disposes on timeout.
+        while (!state.closed && session.isStreaming) {
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+        }
+        // No streaming run means no agent_settled will arrive; emit the
+        // terminal event (once) so the run cannot look running forever.
+        if (!state.closed && !state.settled) {
+          state.settled = true;
+          emit({ _tag: "RunSettled", outcome: { _tag: "Interrupted" } });
+        }
+      }),
+    } satisfies SubagentSession;
+  });
+
+export const piBackend: SubagentBackend = {
+  name: "pi",
+  capabilities: { steering: true, modelSelection: true, reasoningEffort: true },
+  // In-process SDK: always available.
+  available: Effect.succeed(true),
+  spawn: makePiSession,
+};