@asciidoctor/core 3.0.4 → 4.0.0-alpha.1

package/src/document.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2134 @@
+/** @import { Reader } from './reader.js' */
+
+// ESM conversion of document.rb
+//
+// Ruby-to-JavaScript notes:
+//   - Document extends AbstractBlock with super(self, 'document').
+//   - Ruby Struct → plain class with named properties.
+//   - Ruby `parse unless @parsed` → synchronous call since JS parse is synchronous.
+//   - Extensions / SyntaxHighlighter are optional; Extensions is statically imported,
+//     SyntaxHighlighter is loaded lazily by the converter pipeline.
+//   - File.write / process.env / Time.now have Node.js equivalents.
+//   - Mutex / thread-safety not applicable in single-threaded JS.
+//   - `instance_variable_get :@attribute_overrides` → direct property access.
+
+import { AbstractBlock } from './abstract_block.js'
+import { Section } from './section.js'
+import { Inline } from './inline.js'
+import { Callouts } from './callouts.js'
+import { PathResolver } from './path_resolver.js'
+import { Compliance } from './compliance.js'
+import { extname, nextval } from './helpers.js'
+import {
+  SafeMode,
+  DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES,
+  DEFAULT_BACKEND,
+  DEFAULT_DOCTYPE,
+  BACKEND_ALIASES,
+  DEFAULT_PAGE_WIDTHS,
+  FLEXIBLE_ATTRIBUTES,
+  USER_HOME,
+} from './constants.js'
+import { Converter, CustomFactory, deriveBackendTraits } from './converter.js'
+import { XmlSanitizeRx, AttributeEntryPassMacroRx } from './rx.js'
+import { LF } from './constants.js'
+import { applyLogging } from './logging.js'
+import { SyntaxHighlighter, DefaultFactoryProxy } from './syntax_highlighter.js'
+import { PreprocessorReader, Cursor } from './reader.js'
+import { Parser } from './parser.js'
+import { Extensions, Registry } from './extensions.js'
+
+// ── Helper structs ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export class ImageReference {
+  constructor(target, imagesdir) {
+    this.target = target
+    this.imagesdir = imagesdir
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {string} the target image path or URI.
+   */
+  getTarget() {
+    return this.target
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {string} the images directory.
+   */
+  getImagesDirectory() {
+    return this.imagesdir
+  }
+
+  toString() {
+    return this.target
+  }
+}
+
+import { Footnote } from './footnote.js'
+export { Footnote }
+
+import { AttributeEntry } from './attribute_entry.js'
+export { AttributeEntry }
+
+/**
+ * Parsed and stores a partitioned title (title & subtitle).
+ */
+export class DocumentTitle {
+  constructor(val, opts = {}) {
+    this._sanitized = !!(opts.sanitize && val.includes('<'))
+    if (this._sanitized) {
+      val = val.replace(XmlSanitizeRx, '').replace(/ {2,}/g, ' ').trim()
+    }
+    const sep = opts.separator ?? ':'
+    const sepStr = sep ? `${sep} ` : null
+    if (!sepStr || !val.includes(sepStr)) {
+      this.main = val
+      this.subtitle = null
+    } else {
+      const idx = val.lastIndexOf(sepStr)
+      this.main = val.slice(0, idx)
+      this.subtitle = val.slice(idx + sepStr.length)
+    }
+    this.combined = val
+  }
+
+  get title() {
+    return this.main
+  }
+
+  isSanitized() {
+    return this._sanitized
+  }
+  hasSubtitle() {
+    return this.subtitle != null
+  }
+  getMain() {
+    return this.main
+  }
+  getCombined() {
+    return this.combined
+  }
+  getSubtitle() {
+    return this.subtitle
+  }
+  toString() {
+    return this.combined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents an Author parsed from document attributes.
+ */
+export class Author {
+  constructor(name, firstname, middlename, lastname, initials, email) {
+    this.name = name
+    this.firstname = firstname
+    this.middlename = middlename
+    this.lastname = lastname
+    this.initials = initials
+    this.email = email
+  }
+
+  getName() {
+    return this.name
+  }
+  getFirstName() {
+    return this.firstname
+  }
+  getMiddleName() {
+    return this.middlename
+  }
+  getLastName() {
+    return this.lastname
+  }
+  getInitials() {
+    return this.initials
+  }
+  getEmail() {
+    return this.email
+  }
+}
+
+export class RevisionInfo {
+  constructor(number, date, remark) {
+    this._number = number ?? null
+    this._date = date ?? null
+    this._remark = remark ?? null
+  }
+
+  isEmpty() {
+    return !this._number && !this._date && !this._remark
+  }
+  getNumber() {
+    return this._number
+  }
+  getDate() {
+    return this._date
+  }
+  getRemark() {
+    return this._remark
+  }
+}
+
+// ── Document ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export class Document extends AbstractBlock {
+  /** @internal */
+  _converter
+  /** @internal */
+  _maxAttributeValueSize
+  /** @internal */
+  _docinfoProcessorExtensions
+  /** @internal */
+  _attributesModified
+  /** @internal */
+  _counters
+  /** @internal */
+  _headerAttributes
+  /** @internal */
+  _reftexts
+  /** @internal */
+  _parsed
+  /** @internal */
+  _inputMtime
+  /** @internal */
+  _parentDoctype
+  /** @internal */
+  _initializeExtensions
+  /** @internal */
+  _timings
+  /** @internal */
+  _attributeOverrides
+  /** @type {Reader} */
+  reader
+  /** @type {string} */
+  doctype
+  /** @type {string} */
+  baseDir
+  /** @type {string} */
+  backend
+  /** @type {number} */
+  safe
+  /** @type {boolean} */
+  compatMode
+  /** Override AbstractNode's getter so Document can own its converter directly. */
+  get converter() {
+    return this._converter
+  }
+  set converter(v) {
+    this._converter = v
+  }
+
+  constructor(data = null, options = {}) {
+    // Bootstrap: call super with a temporary placeholder — we'll fix parent ref below.
+    // AbstractBlock(parent, context, opts) — we pass `null` and patch afterward.
+    super(null, 'document', options)
+    // Document is its own parent/document (write _parent directly to avoid shadowing the accessor).
+    /** @internal */
+    this._parent = this
+    /** @internal */
+    this.document = this
+
+    const parentDoc = options.parent ?? null
+    delete options.parent
+
+    // ── Nested document setup ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (parentDoc) {
+      this.parentDocument = parentDoc
+      options.base_dir ??= parentDoc.baseDir
+      if (parentDoc.options.catalog_assets) options.catalog_assets = true
+      if (parentDoc.options.to_dir) options.to_dir = parentDoc.options.to_dir
+
+      this.catalog = { ...parentDoc.catalog, footnotes: [] }
+
+      // Clone parent's attribute overrides merged with parent attributes
+      this._attributeOverrides = {
+        ...parentDoc._attributeOverrides,
+        ...parentDoc.attributes,
+      }
+      const attrOverrides = this._attributeOverrides
+      delete attrOverrides['compat-mode']
+      const parentDoctype = attrOverrides.doctype
+      delete attrOverrides.doctype
+      delete attrOverrides.notitle
+      delete attrOverrides.showtitle
+      delete attrOverrides.toc
+      this.attributes['toc-placement'] =
+        attrOverrides['toc-placement'] ?? 'auto'
+      delete attrOverrides['toc-placement']
+      delete attrOverrides['toc-position']
+
+      this.safe = parentDoc.safe
+      this.compatMode = parentDoc.compatMode
+      if (this.compatMode) this.attributes['compat-mode'] = ''
+      this.outfilesuffix = parentDoc.outfilesuffix
+      this.sourcemap = parentDoc.sourcemap
+      this._timings = null
+      this.pathResolver = parentDoc.pathResolver
+      this.converter = parentDoc.converter
+      this.extensions = parentDoc.extensions
+      this.syntaxHighlighter = parentDoc.syntaxHighlighter
+      this._initializeExtensions = null
+
+      // For nested: re-use parent's @_parentDoctype
+      this._parentDoctype = parentDoctype
+    } else {
+      // ── Root document setup ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+      this.parentDocument = null
+      this.catalog = {
+        ids: {}, // deprecated
+        refs: {},
+        footnotes: [],
+        links: [],
+        images: [],
+        callouts: new Callouts(),
+        includes: {},
+      }
+
+      // Process attribute overrides from options
+      this._attributeOverrides = {}
+      const attrOverrides = this._attributeOverrides
+      for (let [key, val] of Object.entries(options.attributes ?? {})) {
+        if (key.endsWith('@')) {
+          if (key.startsWith('!')) {
+            key = key.slice(1, -1)
+            val = false
+          } else if (key.endsWith('!@')) {
+            key = key.slice(0, -2)
+            val = false
+          } else {
+            key = key.slice(0, -1)
+            val = `${val}@`
+          }
+        } else if (key.startsWith('!')) {
+          key = key.slice(1)
+          val = val === '@' ? false : null
+        } else if (key.endsWith('!')) {
+          key = key.slice(0, -1)
+          val = val === '@' ? false : null
+        }
+        attrOverrides[key.toLowerCase()] = val
+      }
+
+      if (typeof options.to_file === 'string') {
+        attrOverrides.outfilesuffix = extname(options.to_file)
+      }
+
+      // Resolve safe mode
+      const safeMode = options.safe
+      if (!safeMode) {
+        this.safe = SafeMode.SECURE
+      } else if (typeof safeMode === 'number') {
+        this.safe = safeMode
+      } else {
+        this.safe = SafeMode.valueForName(safeMode) ?? SafeMode.SECURE
+      }
+
+      this._inputMtime = options.input_mtime ?? null
+      delete options.input_mtime
+      this.compatMode = 'compat-mode' in attrOverrides
+      this.sourcemap = options.sourcemap ?? false
+      this._timings = options.timings ?? null
+      delete options.timings
+      this.pathResolver = new PathResolver()
+      if (options.extension_registry) {
+        this.extensions = options.extension_registry.activate(this)
+      } else {
+        this.extensions = null
+        // If no explicit registry but global extension groups are registered, activate them.
+        const globalGroups = Extensions.groups()
+        if (Object.keys(globalGroups).length > 0) {
+          this.extensions = new Registry()
+          this.extensions.activate(this)
+        }
+      }
+      this.syntaxHighlighter = null
+      this._initializeExtensions = true // set to class if available
+      this._parentDoctype = null
+
+      // Normalize :header_footer → :standalone
+      if ('header_footer' in options && !('standalone' in options)) {
+        options.standalone = options.header_footer
+      }
+    }
+
+    this._parsed = false
+    this._reftexts = null
+    this.header = null
+    this._headerAttributes = null
+    this._counters = {}
+    this._attributesModified = new Set()
+    this._docinfoProcessorExtensions = {}
+    const standalone = options.standalone ?? false
+    this.options = Object.freeze({ ...options })
+
+    const attrs = this.attributes
+
+    if (!parentDoc) {
+      attrs['attribute-undefined'] = Compliance.attributeUndefined
+      attrs['attribute-missing'] = Compliance.attributeMissing
+      Object.assign(attrs, DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES)
+    }
+
+    if (standalone) {
+      delete this._attributeOverrides.embedded
+      attrs.copycss = ''
+      attrs['iconfont-remote'] = ''
+      attrs.stylesheet = ''
+      attrs.webfonts = ''
+    } else {
+      this._attributeOverrides.embedded = ''
+      const ao = this._attributeOverrides
+      const showtitle = ao.showtitle
+      const notitle = ao.notitle
+      if (
+        'showtitle' in ao &&
+        ['showtitle', 'notitle'].filter((k) => k in ao).pop() === 'showtitle'
+      ) {
+        ao.notitle = { null: '', false: '@', '@': false }[showtitle]
+      } else if ('notitle' in ao) {
+        ao.showtitle = { null: '', false: '@', '@': false }[notitle]
+      } else {
+        attrs.notitle = ''
+      }
+    }
+
+    const attrOverrides = this._attributeOverrides
+    attrOverrides.asciidoctor = ''
+    attrOverrides['asciidoctor-version'] = '3.0.0.dev' // matches Ruby VERSION
+
+    const safeModeName = SafeMode.nameForValue(this.safe)
+    attrOverrides['safe-mode-name'] = safeModeName
+    attrOverrides[`safe-mode-${safeModeName}`] = ''
+    attrOverrides['safe-mode-level'] = this.safe
+    attrOverrides['max-include-depth'] ??= 64
+    attrOverrides['allow-uri-read'] ??= null
+
+    // Remap legacy attributes
+    if ('numbered' in attrOverrides) {
+      const _v = attrOverrides.numbered
+      delete attrOverrides.numbered
+      attrOverrides.sectnums = _v
+    }
+    if ('hardbreaks' in attrOverrides) {
+      const _v = attrOverrides.hardbreaks
+      delete attrOverrides.hardbreaks
+      attrOverrides['hardbreaks-option'] = _v
+    }
+
+    // Resolve base_dir
+    if (options.base_dir) {
+      this.baseDir = attrOverrides.docdir = _expandPath(options.base_dir)
+    } else if (attrOverrides.docdir) {
+      this.baseDir = attrOverrides.docdir
+    } else {
+      this.baseDir = attrOverrides.docdir = _cwd()
+    }
+
+    if (options.backend) attrOverrides.backend = String(options.backend)
+    if (options.doctype) attrOverrides.doctype = String(options.doctype)
+
+    if (this.safe >= SafeMode.SERVER) {
+      attrOverrides.copycss ??= null
+      attrOverrides['source-highlighter'] ??= null
+      attrOverrides.backend ??= DEFAULT_BACKEND
+      if (!parentDoc && 'docfile' in attrOverrides) {
+        const docdir = attrOverrides.docdir ?? ''
+        attrOverrides.docfile = attrOverrides.docfile.slice(docdir.length + 1)
+      }
+      attrOverrides.docdir = ''
+      attrOverrides['user-home'] ??= '.'
+      if (this.safe >= SafeMode.SECURE) {
+        if (!('max-attribute-value-size' in attrOverrides)) {
+          attrOverrides['max-attribute-value-size'] = 4096
+        }
+        attrOverrides.linkcss ??= ''
+        attrOverrides.icons ??= null
+      }
+    } else {
+      attrOverrides['user-home'] ??= USER_HOME
+    }
+
+    const sizeAttr = (attrOverrides['max-attribute-value-size'] ??= null)
+    this._maxAttributeValueSize =
+      sizeAttr != null ? Math.abs(parseInt(sizeAttr, 10)) : null
+
+    // Apply attribute overrides — overrides that survive (non-soft) stay in attrOverrides.
+    const softKeys = []
+    for (const [key, val] of Object.entries(attrOverrides)) {
+      if (val != null && val !== false) {
+        let effective = val
+        let isSoft = false
+        if (typeof val === 'string' && val.endsWith('@')) {
+          effective = val.slice(0, -1)
+          isSoft = true
+        }
+        attrs[key] = effective
+        if (isSoft) softKeys.push(key)
+      } else {
+        delete attrs[key]
+        if (val === false) softKeys.push(key) // false = soft-lock delete; null = hard-lock absent (stays in overrides)
+      }
+    }
+    for (const key of softKeys) delete attrOverrides[key]
+
+    if (parentDoc) {
+      this.backend = attrs.backend
+      const parentDoctype = this._parentDoctype
+      if ((this.doctype = attrs.doctype = parentDoctype) !== DEFAULT_DOCTYPE) {
+        this._updateDoctypeAttributes(DEFAULT_DOCTYPE)
+      }
+      // Set up reader only — parsing is deferred to Document.create() / doc.parse().
+      this.reader = new PreprocessorReader(this, data, options.cursor)
+      if (this.sourcemap) this.sourceLocation = this.reader.cursor
+    } else {
+      this.backend = null
+      const initialBackend = attrs.backend || DEFAULT_BACKEND
+      if (initialBackend === 'manpage') {
+        this.doctype = attrs.doctype = attrOverrides.doctype = 'manpage'
+      } else {
+        this.doctype = attrs.doctype ??= DEFAULT_DOCTYPE
+      }
+      this._updateBackendAttributes(initialBackend, true)
+
+      attrs.stylesdir ??= '.'
+      attrs.iconsdir ??= `${attrs.imagesdir ?? './images'}/icons`
+
+      this._fillDatetimeAttributes(attrs, this._inputMtime)
+
+      // Extensions initialization deferred — handle in parse()
+      this.reader = new PreprocessorReader(
+        this,
+        data,
+        new Cursor(attrs.docfile ?? null, this.baseDir),
+        { normalize: true }
+      )
+      if (this.sourcemap) this.sourceLocation = this.reader.cursor
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Alias catalog as references (backwards compat). */
+  get references() {
+    return this.catalog
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if this is a nested (child) document. */
+  nested() {
+    return !!this.parentDocument
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Factory — create and fully parse a Document asynchronously.
+   * @param {string|string[]|null} data - The AsciiDoc source.
+   * @param {Object} [options={}] - Processing options.
+   * @returns {Promise<Document>} The parsed Document.
+   */
+  static async create(data, options = {}) {
+    const doc = new Document(data, options)
+    await doc.parse()
+    return doc
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse the AsciiDoc source and populate the document AST.
+   *
+   * This method is idempotent — repeated calls are no-ops once parsing is done.
+   * You rarely need to call it directly: prefer {@link Document.create} (factory) or
+   * the top-level {@link load} / {@link loadFile} functions, which call `parse()` for you.
+   *
+   * Call `parse()` explicitly only when you constructed `new Document(...)` by hand and
+   * need to defer the work, or when you want to supply a replacement `data` source.
+   *
+   * @param {string|string[]|null} [data=null] - Optional replacement source lines.
+   *   When provided, replaces the data that was given to the constructor.
+   * @returns {Promise<Document>} This Document instance (allows chaining).
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const doc = new Document('= Hello', {})
+   * await doc.parse()
+   * console.log(doc.getTitle()) // → 'Hello'
+   */
+  async parse(data = null) {
+    if (this._parsed) return this
+
+    if (data) {
+      this.reader = new PreprocessorReader(
+        this,
+        data,
+        new Cursor(this.attributes.docfile ?? null, this.baseDir),
+        { normalize: true }
+      )
+      if (this.sourcemap) this.sourceLocation = this.reader.cursor
+    }
+
+    if (!this.parentDocument && this.extensions?.hasPreprocessors?.()) {
+      for (const ext of this.extensions.preprocessors()) {
+        this.reader = ext.processMethod(this, this.reader) ?? this.reader
+      }
+    }
+
+    await Parser.parse(this.reader, this, {
+      header_only: this.options.parse_header_only,
+    })
+    this.restoreAttributes()
+
+    if (!this.parentDocument && this.extensions?.hasTreeProcessors?.()) {
+      for (const ext of this.extensions.treeProcessors()) {
+        const result = ext.processMethod(this)
+        if (result instanceof Document && result !== this) {
+          return result
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Pre-compute all async text values (titles, list item text, cell text, reftexts)
+    // so that synchronous getters work correctly during conversion.
+    await this._resolveAllTexts(this)
+    // Reset the footnote counter so that body-content footnotes (processed during conversion)
+    // start numbering from 1, reproducing Ruby's "out of sequence" quirk: title footnotes are
+    // numbered during parsing via apply_title_subs, then the counter restarts for body content.
+    delete this.attributes['footnote-number']
+    delete this._counters['footnote-number']
+    // Pre-compute reftext for all registered inline anchor nodes.
+    for (const ref of Object.values(this.catalog.refs)) {
+      if (ref && typeof ref.precomputeReftext === 'function') {
+        await ref.precomputeReftext()
+      }
+    }
+    // Build the reftext→id lookup map so that resolveId() is synchronous.
+    await this._buildReftextsMap()
+
+    this._parsed = true
+    return this
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return whether the document has been fully parsed.
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  isParsed() {
+    return this._parsed
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the named counter and advance it by one step.
+   *
+   * Counters are document-scoped sequences used for automatic numbering (figures,
+   * tables, custom labels, …). Each call increments the sequence and returns the
+   * new value. Numeric counters increment by 1; alphabetic counters advance through
+   * the alphabet (`'a'` → `'b'` → … → `'z'`).
+   *
+   * When the counter does not yet exist:
+   * - If `seed` is a number (or a string that parses as an integer), the counter starts at `seed`.
+   * - If `seed` is a letter (`'a'`–`'z'`), the counter starts at that letter.
+   * - If `seed` is `null` (default), the counter starts at `1`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name - Counter name (document-scoped key).
+   * @param {string|number|null} [seed=null] - Starting value for new counters.
+   * @returns {string|number} The new counter value after incrementing.
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Numeric counter (auto-starts at 1)</caption>
+   * doc.counter('figure-number')   // → 1
+   * doc.counter('figure-number')   // → 2
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Alphabetic counter</caption>
+   * doc.counter('appendix-number', 'A')  // → 'A'
+   * doc.counter('appendix-number', 'A')  // → 'B'
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Numeric counter with custom start</caption>
+   * doc.counter('example-number', 5)   // → 5
+   * doc.counter('example-number', 5)   // → 6
+   */
+  counter(name, seed = null) {
+    if (this.parentDocument) return this.parentDocument.counter(name, seed)
+    const isLocked = this.isAttributeLocked(name)
+    let currVal = this._counters[name]
+    let nextVal
+    if (
+      (isLocked && currVal != null) ||
+      ((currVal = this.attributes[name]) != null && currVal !== '')
+    ) {
+      nextVal = this._counters[name] = nextval(currVal)
+    } else if (seed != null) {
+      nextVal = this._counters[name] =
+        String(seed) === String(parseInt(seed, 10)) ? parseInt(seed, 10) : seed
+    } else {
+      nextVal = this._counters[name] = 1
+    }
+    if (!isLocked) this.attributes[name] = nextVal
+    return nextVal
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Increment the specified counter and store it in the block's attributes.
+   * @param {string} counterName
+   * @param {Object} block
+   * @returns {string|number} The new counter value.
+   */
+  incrementAndStoreCounter(counterName, block) {
+    return new AttributeEntry(counterName, this.counter(counterName)).saveTo(
+      block.attributes
+    ).value
+  }
+
+  /** @deprecated Use incrementAndStoreCounter instead. */
+  counterIncrement(counterName, block) {
+    return this.incrementAndStoreCounter(counterName, block)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register a reference in the document catalog.
+   * @param {string} type - Catalog type ('ids', 'refs', 'footnotes', 'links', 'images', 'callouts').
+   * @param {*} value - The value to register.
+   */
+  register(type, value) {
+    switch (type) {
+      case 'ids': {
+        // deprecated
+        const id = value[0]
+        const ref = new Inline(this, 'anchor', value[1], { type: 'ref', id })
+        this.catalog.refs[id] ??= ref
+        // Keep _reftexts in sync if the map was already built (post-parse registration).
+        if (this._reftexts && value[1]) this._reftexts[value[1]] ??= id
+        return ref
+      }
+      case 'refs': {
+        const id = value[0]
+        if (id in this.catalog.refs) return false
+        this.catalog.refs[id] = value[1]
+        return true
+      }
+      case 'footnotes':
+        this.catalog.footnotes.push(value)
+        return
+      default:
+        if (this.options.catalog_assets) {
+          const entry =
+            type === 'images'
+              ? new ImageReference(value, this.attributes.imagesdir)
+              : value
+          this.catalog[type]?.push(entry)
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find the first registered reference matching the given reftext.
+   * @param {string} text - The reftext to look up.
+   * @returns {string|null} The matching ID, or null.
+   */
+  resolveId(text) {
+    if (this._reftexts) return this._reftexts[text] ?? null
+    // Fallback: scan refs synchronously (for documents not parsed via parse()).
+    for (const [id, ref] of Object.entries(this.catalog.refs)) {
+      const xreftext = ref.reftext ?? null
+      if (xreftext === text) return id
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   * Build the reftext→id lookup map. Called at end of parse().
+   */
+  async _buildReftextsMap() {
+    this._reftexts = {}
+    for (const [id, ref] of Object.entries(this.catalog.refs)) {
+      const xreftext = ref.xreftext ? await ref.xreftext() : null
+      if (xreftext != null) this._reftexts[xreftext] ??= id
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if this document has child Section objects. */
+  hasSections() {
+    return this._nextSectionIndex > 0
+  }
+
+  isMultipart() {
+    if (this.doctype !== 'book') return undefined
+    return this.blocks.some((b) => {
+      if (b.context !== 'section') return false
+      if (b.level === 0) return true
+      if (!b.special) return false // break in Ruby → but some() handles this
+      return false
+    })
+  }
+
+  hasFootnotes() {
+    return this.catalog.footnotes.length > 0
+  }
+  get footnotes() {
+    return this.catalog.footnotes
+  }
+  get callouts() {
+    return this.catalog.callouts
+  }
+
+  isNested() {
+    return this.parentDocument != null
+  }
+  isEmbedded() {
+    return 'embedded' in this.attributes
+  }
+  hasExtensions() {
+    return this.extensions != null
+  }
+
+  source() {
+    return this.reader?.source?.() ?? null
+  }
+  sourceLines() {
+    return this.reader?.sourceLines ?? null
+  }
+
+  basebackend(base) {
+    return this.attributes.basebackend === base
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|null} The document title. */
+  get title() {
+    return this.doctitle()
+  }
+  set title(val) {
+    let sect = this.header
+    if (!sect) {
+      sect = this.header = new Section(this, 0)
+      sect.sectname = 'header'
+    }
+    sect.title = val
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the primary title for the document.
+   * @param {Object} [opts={}]
+   * @param {boolean} [opts.use_fallback] - Use 'untitled-label' if no title found.
+   * @param {boolean|string} [opts.partition] - Return a DocumentTitle instead of a string.
+   * @param {boolean} [opts.sanitize] - Strip XML tags from the title.
+   * @returns {string|DocumentTitle|null}
+   */
+  doctitle(opts = {}) {
+    let val = this.attributes.title
+    if (val == null) {
+      const sect = this.firstSection()
+      if (sect) {
+        val = sect.title
+      } else if (opts.use_fallback) {
+        val = this.attributes['untitled-label']
+      }
+      if (val == null) return null
+    }
+    if (opts.partition) {
+      const sep =
+        opts.partition === true
+          ? this.attributes['title-separator']
+          : opts.partition
+      return new DocumentTitle(val, { ...opts, separator: sep })
+    }
+    if (opts.sanitize && val.includes('<')) {
+      return val.replace(XmlSanitizeRx, '').replace(/ {2,}/g, ' ').trim()
+    }
+    return val
+  }
+
+  get name() {
+    return this.doctitle()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string|null} [_xrefstyle=null]
+   * @returns {Promise<string|null>}
+   */
+  xreftext(_xrefstyle = null) {
+    const val = this.reftext
+    return val && val.length > 0 ? val : this.title
+  }
+
+  get author() {
+    return this.attributes.author ?? null
+  }
+  get revdate() {
+    return this.attributes.revdate ?? null
+  }
+
+  authors() {
+    const attrs = this.attributes
+    if (!('author' in attrs)) return []
+    const list = [
+      new Author(
+        attrs.author,
+        attrs.firstname,
+        attrs.middlename,
+        attrs.lastname,
+        attrs.authorinitials,
+        attrs.email
+      ),
+    ]
+    const numAuthors = parseInt(attrs.authorcount ?? '0', 10)
+    for (let idx = 2; idx <= numAuthors; idx++) {
+      list.push(
+        new Author(
+          attrs[`author_${idx}`],
+          attrs[`firstname_${idx}`],
+          attrs[`middlename_${idx}`],
+          attrs[`lastname_${idx}`],
+          attrs[`authorinitials_${idx}`],
+          attrs[`email_${idx}`]
+        )
+      )
+    }
+    return list
+  }
+
+  isNotitle() {
+    return 'notitle' in this.attributes
+  }
+  isNoheader() {
+    return 'noheader' in this.attributes
+  }
+  isNofooter() {
+    return 'nofooter' in this.attributes
+  }
+
+  firstSection() {
+    return (
+      this.header ?? this.blocks.find((b) => b.context === 'section') ?? null
+    )
+  }
+
+  hasHeader() {
+    return this.header != null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append a child Block, assigning index if it's a section.
+   * @param {Object} block
+   * @returns {Object} The appended block.
+   */
+  append(block) {
+    if (block.context === 'section') this.assignNumeral(block)
+    return super.append(block)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Called by parser after parsing header, before parsing body.
+   */
+  finalizeHeader(unrootedAttributes, headerValid = true) {
+    this._clearPlaybackAttributes(unrootedAttributes)
+    this._saveAttributes()
+    if (!headerValid) unrootedAttributes['invalid-header'] = true
+    return unrootedAttributes
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Replay attribute assignments from block attributes.
+   * @param {Object} blockAttributes
+   */
+  playbackAttributes(blockAttributes) {
+    if (!('attribute_entries' in blockAttributes)) return
+    for (const entry of blockAttributes.attribute_entries) {
+      if (entry.negate) {
+        delete this.attributes[entry.name]
+        if (entry.name === 'compat-mode') this.compatMode = false
+      } else {
+        this.attributes[entry.name] = entry.value
+        if (entry.name === 'compat-mode') this.compatMode = true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the specified attribute if not locked, applying attribute value substitutions.
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @param {string} [value='']
+   * @returns {string|null} The substituted value, or `null` if the attribute is locked.
+   */
+  setAttribute(name, value = '') {
+    return this._setAttributeInternal(name, value, false)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete the specified attribute if not locked.
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @returns {boolean} True if deleted, false if locked.
+   */
+  deleteAttribute(name) {
+    if (this.isAttributeLocked(name)) return false
+    delete this.attributes[name]
+    this._attributesModified.add(name)
+    return true
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if the attribute is locked (set via attribute overrides).
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  isAttributeLocked(name) {
+    return name in this._attributeOverrides
+  }
+
+  /** @deprecated Use isAttributeLocked instead. */
+  attributeLocked(name) {
+    return this.isAttributeLocked(name)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assign a value to the specified attribute in the document header.
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @param {string} [value='']
+   * @param {boolean} [overwrite=true]
+   * @returns {boolean} False if the attribute exists and overwrite is false.
+   */
+  setHeaderAttribute(name, value = '', overwrite = true) {
+    const target = this._headerAttributes ?? this.attributes
+    if (!overwrite && name in target) return false
+    target[name] = value
+    return true
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert the parsed document to its output format (HTML5 by default).
+   *
+   * If `parse()` has not been called yet, it is called automatically.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} [opts={}] - Conversion options.
+   * @param {boolean} [opts.standalone] - When `true`, wraps output in a full
+   *   document shell (html/head/body). Defaults to the `standalone` option
+   *   passed at load time (which itself defaults to `true`).
+   * @param {string} [opts.outfile] - Path of the output file; stored as the
+   *   `outfile` document attribute during conversion.
+   * @param {string} [opts.outdir] - Directory of the output file; stored as the
+   *   `outdir` document attribute during conversion.
+   * @returns {Promise<string>} The converted output string.
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Embedded HTML (no html/head/body wrapper)</caption>
+   * const doc = await Document.create('= Hello\nWorld', {})
+   * const html = await doc.convert({ standalone: false })
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Full standalone HTML page</caption>
+   * const html = await doc.convert({ standalone: true })
+   */
+  async convert(opts = {}) {
+    if (this._timings) this._timings.start('convert')
+    await this.parse()
+    // Pre-compute AsciiDoc table cell content now that parse is done:
+    // callouts are rewound and all refs are registered.
+    if (!this.parentDocument) await this._convertAsciiDocCells()
+    if (this.safe < SafeMode.SERVER && Object.keys(opts).length > 0) {
+      if (!opts.outfile) delete this.attributes.outfile
+      else this.attributes.outfile = opts.outfile
+      if (!opts.outdir) delete this.attributes.outdir
+      else this.attributes.outdir = opts.outdir
+    }
+
+    let output
+    if (this.doctype === 'inline') {
+      const block = this.blocks[0] ?? this.header
+      if (block) {
+        if (
+          block.contentModel === 'compound' ||
+          block.contentModel === 'empty'
+        ) {
+          this.logger.warn(
+            'no inline candidate; use the inline doctype to convert a single paragraph, verbatim, or raw block'
+          )
+        } else {
+          output = await block.content()
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      let transform
+      if ('standalone' in opts) {
+        transform = opts.standalone ? 'document' : 'embedded'
+      } else if ('header_footer' in opts) {
+        transform = opts.header_footer ? 'document' : 'embedded'
+      } else {
+        transform = this.options.standalone ? 'document' : 'embedded'
+      }
+      output = await this.converter.convert(this, transform)
+    }
+
+    if (!this.parentDocument && this.extensions?.hasPostprocessors?.()) {
+      for (const ext of this.extensions.postprocessors()) {
+        output = ext.processMethod(this, output)
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this._timings) this._timings.record('convert')
+    return output
+  }
+
+  /** @deprecated Use convert instead. */
+  render(opts = {}) {
+    return this.convert(opts)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write converted output to a file path or a writable stream.
+   *
+   * When `target` is a **string**, the output is written to that file path using
+   * `node:fs/promises.writeFile`.
+   * When `target` is a **writable stream** (has a `.write()` method), the output
+   * is written to the stream in two chunks (content + newline).
+   * When the converter itself implements `write()`, that method is called instead.
+   *
+   * @param {string} output - The converted output string returned by {@link convert}.
+   * @param {string|import('stream').Writable} target - File path or writable stream.
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Write to a file</caption>
+   * const output = await doc.convert()
+   * await doc.write(output, 'out/index.html')
+   *
+   * @example <caption>Write to a stream</caption>
+   * await doc.write(output, process.stdout)
+   */
+  async write(output, target) {
+    if (this._timings) this._timings.start('write')
+    if (typeof this.converter.write === 'function') {
+      this.converter.write(output, target)
+    } else {
+      if (target && typeof target.write === 'function') {
+        if (output && output.length > 0) {
+          target.write(output.replace(/\n$/, ''))
+          target.write(LF)
+        }
+      } else {
+        try {
+          const { writeFile } = await import('node:fs/promises')
+          await writeFile(target, output ?? '', 'utf8')
+        } catch {}
+      }
+      if (
+        this.backend === 'manpage' &&
+        typeof target === 'string' &&
+        typeof this.converter.constructor?.writeAlternatePages === 'function'
+      ) {
+        this.converter.constructor.writeAlternatePages(
+          this.attributes.mannames,
+          this.attributes.manvolnum,
+          target
+        )
+      }
+    }
+    if (this._timings) this._timings.record('write')
+  }
+
+  async content() {
+    delete this.attributes.title
+    return super.content()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read the docinfo file(s) for inclusion in the document template.
+   * @param {string} [location='head'] - 'head' or 'footer'.
+   * @param {string|null} [suffix=null] - File suffix override.
+   * @returns {Promise<string>} Combined docinfo content.
+   */
+  async docinfo(location = 'head', suffix = null) {
+    let content = null
+    if (this.safe < SafeMode.SECURE) {
+      const qualifier = location !== 'head' ? `-${location}` : ''
+      suffix ??= this.outfilesuffix
+
+      let docinfo = this.attributes.docinfo
+      if (!docinfo) {
+        if ('docinfo2' in this.attributes) {
+          docinfo = ['private', 'shared']
+        } else if ('docinfo1' in this.attributes) {
+          docinfo = ['shared']
+        } else {
+          docinfo = docinfo != null ? ['private'] : null
+        }
+      } else {
+        docinfo = docinfo.split(',').map((k) => k.trim())
+      }
+
+      if (docinfo) {
+        content = []
+        const docinfoFile = `docinfo${qualifier}${suffix}`
+        const docinfoDir = this.attributes.docinfodir
+        const docinfoSubs = this._resolveDocinfoSubs()
+
+        const hasShared =
+          docinfo.includes('shared') || docinfo.includes(`shared-${location}`)
+        if (hasShared) {
+          const path = this.normalizeSystemPath(docinfoFile, docinfoDir)
+          const shared = await this.readAsset(path, { normalize: true })
+          if (shared) content.push(await this.applySubs(shared, docinfoSubs))
+        }
+
+        const docname = this.attributes.docname
+        const hasPrivate =
+          docname &&
+          (docinfo.includes('private') ||
+            docinfo.includes(`private-${location}`))
+        if (hasPrivate) {
+          const path = this.normalizeSystemPath(
+            `${docname}-${docinfoFile}`,
+            docinfoDir
+          )
+          const priv = await this.readAsset(path, { normalize: true })
+          if (priv) content.push(await this.applySubs(priv, docinfoSubs))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.extensions && this.hasDocinfoProcessors(location)) {
+      const extContent = this._docinfoProcessorExtensions[location]
+        .map((ext) => ext.processMethod(this))
+        .filter(Boolean)
+      return (content ?? []).concat(extContent).join(LF)
+    }
+    return content ? content.join(LF) : ''
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} [location='head'] A location for checking docinfo extensions at a given location (head or footer).
+   * @returns {boolean} True if docinfo processors are registered for the given location.
+   */
+  hasDocinfoProcessors(location = 'head') {
+    if (location in this._docinfoProcessorExtensions) {
+      return this._docinfoProcessorExtensions[location] !== false
+    }
+    if (this.extensions?.hasDocinfoProcessors?.(location)) {
+      const exts = this.extensions.docinfoProcessors(location)
+      this._docinfoProcessorExtensions[location] = exts || false
+      return !!exts
+    }
+    this._docinfoProcessorExtensions[location] = false
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // ── JavaScript-style accessors ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /** @returns {string|null} The document title. */
+  getTitle() {
+    return this.title
+  }
+
+  /** @param {string} val */
+  setTitle(val) {
+    this.title = val
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Use {@link getDocumentTitle} instead.
+   * @see getDocumentTitle
+   */
+  getDoctitle(opts = {}) {
+    return this.doctitle(opts)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the primary title for the document.
+   *
+   * Searches the following locations in order, returning the first non-empty value:
+   * - document-level attribute named `title`
+   * - header title (the document title)
+   * - title of the first section
+   * - document-level attribute named `untitled-label` (if `opts.use_fallback` is set)
+   *
+   * If no value can be resolved, `null` is returned.
+   *
+   * If `opts.partition` is specified, the value is parsed into a {@link DocumentTitle} object.
+   * If `opts.sanitize` is specified, XML elements are removed from the value.
+   * @param {Object} [opts={}]
+   * @param {boolean} [opts.partition] - Parse the title into a {@link DocumentTitle} with main and subtitle parts.
+   * @param {boolean} [opts.sanitize] - Strip XML/HTML elements from the resolved title.
+   * @param {boolean} [opts.use_fallback] - Fall back to the `untitled-label` attribute if no title is found.
+   * @returns {string|DocumentTitle|null} The resolved title, or null if none found.
+   */
+  getDocumentTitle(opts = {}) {
+    return this.doctitle(opts)
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string} The captioned title. */
+  getCaptionedTitle() {
+    return this.captionedTitle()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string} The document type (e.g. 'article', 'book'). */
+  getDoctype() {
+    return this.doctype
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string} The backend name (e.g. 'html5', 'docbook5'). */
+  getBackend() {
+    return this.backend
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns {number} The safe mode level as a numeric value.
+   * Corresponds to {@link SafeMode}: unsafe (0), safe (1), server (10), secure (20).
+   */
+  getSafe() {
+    return this.safe
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the AsciiDoc compatibility mode flag.
+   *
+   * Enabling this attribute activates the following syntax changes:
+   * - single quotes as constrained emphasis formatting marks
+   * - single backticks parsed as inline literal, formatted as monospace
+   * - single plus parsed as constrained, monospaced inline formatting
+   * - double plus parsed as constrained, monospaced inline formatting
+   * @returns {boolean} True if compat mode is enabled.
+   */
+  getCompatMode() {
+    return this.compatMode
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if sourcemap is enabled. */
+  getSourcemap() {
+    return this.sourcemap
+  }
+
+  /** @param {boolean} val */
+  setSourcemap(val) {
+    this.sourcemap = val
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string} The output file suffix (e.g. '.html'). */
+  getOutfilesuffix() {
+    return this.outfilesuffix
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The frozen options object. */
+  getOptions() {
+    return this.options
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The converter instance. */
+  getConverter() {
+    return this.converter
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the converter instance for this document.
+   * @param {Object} converter - The converter instance.
+   */
+  setConverter(converter) {
+    this.converter = converter
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|null} The raw AsciiDoc source. */
+  getSource() {
+    return this.source()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string[]|null} The source lines. */
+  getSourceLines() {
+    return this.sourceLines()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The preprocessor reader. */
+  getReader() {
+    return this.reader
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Footnote[]} The registered footnotes. */
+  getFootnotes() {
+    return this.footnotes
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The callouts registry. */
+  getCallouts() {
+    return this.callouts
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The asset catalog. */
+  getCatalog() {
+    return this.catalog
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The counters map. */
+  getCounters() {
+    return this._counters
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|null} The first author name. */
+  getAuthor() {
+    return this.author
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Author[]} All document authors. */
+  getAuthors() {
+    return this.authors()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string} The base directory path. */
+  getBaseDir() {
+    return this.baseDir
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {RevisionInfo} The revision information. */
+  getRevisionInfo() {
+    const attrs = this.attributes
+    return new RevisionInfo(
+      attrs.revnumber ?? null,
+      attrs.revdate ?? null,
+      attrs.revremark ?? null
+    )
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object|null} The extensions registry. */
+  getExtensions() {
+    return this.extensions
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Document|undefined} The parent document, or undefined for root documents. */
+  getParentDocument() {
+    return this.parentDocument ?? undefined
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the parent node of this node.
+   * Always returns undefined for a root Document (Document is its own internal parent).
+   * @returns {undefined}
+   */
+  getParent() {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object|null} The syntax highlighter instance. */
+  getSyntaxHighlighter() {
+    return this.syntaxHighlighter
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The id→node reference map. */
+  getRefs() {
+    return this.catalog.refs
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {ImageReference[]} The registered image references. */
+  getImages() {
+    return this.catalog.images
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string[]} The registered links. */
+  getLinks() {
+    return this.catalog.links
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object|null} The level-0 Section (document header). */
+  getHeader() {
+    return this.header
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if the basebackend attribute is set. */
+  isBasebackend() {
+    return !!this.attributes.basebackend
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {Object} The asset catalog (alias for getCatalog). */
+  getReferences() {
+    return this.catalog
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|undefined} The revision date. */
+  getRevisionDate() {
+    return this.attributes.revdate ?? undefined
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|undefined} The revision date (alias for getRevisionDate). */
+  getRevdate() {
+    return this.attributes.revdate ?? undefined
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|undefined} The revision number. */
+  getRevisionNumber() {
+    return this.attributes.revnumber ?? undefined
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string|undefined} The revision remark. */
+  getRevisionRemark() {
+    return this.attributes.revremark ?? undefined
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if any revision info is set. */
+  hasRevisionInfo() {
+    return !this.getRevisionInfo().isEmpty()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if the notitle attribute is set. */
+  getNotitle() {
+    return this.isNotitle()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if the noheader attribute is set. */
+  getNoheader() {
+    return this.isNoheader()
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} True if the nofooter attribute is set. */
+  getNofooter() {
+    return this.isNofooter()
+  }
+
+  /** Restore attributes to their saved header state. */
+  restoreAttributes() {
+    if (!this.parentDocument) this.catalog.callouts.rewind()
+    const toRestore = this._headerAttributes
+    if (toRestore) {
+      for (const key of Object.keys(this.attributes)) {
+        if (!(key in toRestore)) delete this.attributes[key]
+      }
+      Object.assign(this.attributes, toRestore)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} [location='head']
+   * @param {string} [suffix]
+   * @returns {Promise<string>}
+   */
+  async getDocinfo(location = 'head', suffix = undefined) {
+    return this.docinfo(location, suffix)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete the specified attribute if not locked.
+   * @param {string} name - The attribute name to remove.
+   * @returns {string|undefined} The previous value, or undefined if not present or locked.
+   */
+  removeAttribute(name) {
+    const prev = this.attributes[name]
+    this.deleteAttribute(name)
+    return prev
+  }
+
+  toString() {
+    return `#<Document {doctype: '${this.doctype}', doctitle: ${JSON.stringify(this.header?.title ?? null)}, blocks: ${this.blocks.length}}>`
+  }
+
+  // ── Private methods ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   * Set the specified attribute without applying attribute value substitutions.
+   * Used internally by the parser when the value is already resolved.
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @param {string} [value='']
+   * @returns {string|null} The value as-is, or `null` if the attribute is locked.
+   */
+  _setAttributeRaw(name, value = '') {
+    return this._setAttributeInternal(name, value, true)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _setAttributeInternal(name, value, skipSubs) {
+    if (this.isAttributeLocked(name)) return null
+    if (!skipSubs && value && value !== '')
+      value = this._applyAttributeValueSubs(value)
+    if (this._headerAttributes) {
+      // Beyond the document header; only update live attributes, not the header snapshot.
+      this.attributes[name] = value
+    } else {
+      switch (name) {
+        case 'backend':
+          this._updateBackendAttributes(
+            value,
+            this._attributesModified.delete('htmlsyntax') &&
+              value === this.backend
+          )
+          break
+        case 'doctype':
+          this._updateDoctypeAttributes(value)
+          break
+        default:
+          this.attributes[name] = value
+      }
+      this._attributesModified.add(name)
+    }
+    return value
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   * Walk the block tree in document order and pre-compute the content of
+   * every AsciiDoc-style table cell. Must be called AFTER parse() has finished so
+   * that (a) callouts.rewind() has been called and (b) all cross-references from
+   * the main document are already registered in the catalog.
+   */
+  async _convertAsciiDocCells(block = this) {
+    for (const child of block.blocks ?? []) {
+      if (child.context === 'table') {
+        for (const section of ['head', 'body', 'foot']) {
+          for (const row of child.rows[section] ?? []) {
+            for (const cell of row) {
+              if (
+                cell.style === 'asciidoc' &&
+                cell._innerDocument &&
+                cell._innerContent == null
+              ) {
+                cell._innerContent = await cell._innerDocument.convert()
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        await this._convertAsciiDocCells(child)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Sync version: applies only synchronous subs (specialcharacters, attributes, replacements).
+   * Used by setAttribute() which must remain sync for the {set:...} inline directive path.
+   * Async subs (quotes, macros, …) in pass macros are handled by _applyAttributeEntryValueSubs.
+   */
+  _applyAttributeValueSubs(value) {
+    const m = value.match(AttributeEntryPassMacroRx)
+    if (m) {
+      let result = m[2] ?? ''
+      if (m[1]) {
+        const subs = this.resolvePassSubs(m[1])
+        if (subs) {
+          for (const sub of subs) {
+            if (sub === 'specialcharacters')
+              result = this.subSpecialchars(result)
+            else if (sub === 'attributes') result = this.subAttributes(result)
+            else if (sub === 'replacements')
+              result = this.subReplacements(result)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return this._maxAttributeValueSize != null
+        ? _limitBytesize(result, this._maxAttributeValueSize)
+        : result
+    }
+    const result = this.applyHeaderSubs(value)
+    return this._maxAttributeValueSize != null
+      ? _limitBytesize(result, this._maxAttributeValueSize)
+      : result
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Async version: applies all subs including async ones (quotes, macros, …).
+   * Used by processAttributeEntry() which can await the result.
+   */
+  async _applyAttributeEntryValueSubs(value) {
+    const m = value.match(AttributeEntryPassMacroRx)
+    if (m) {
+      let result = m[2] ?? ''
+      if (m[1]) {
+        const subs = this.resolvePassSubs(m[1])
+        if (subs) result = await this.applySubs(result, subs)
+      }
+      return this._maxAttributeValueSize != null
+        ? _limitBytesize(result, this._maxAttributeValueSize)
+        : result
+    }
+    const result = this.applyHeaderSubs(value)
+    return this._maxAttributeValueSize != null
+      ? _limitBytesize(result, this._maxAttributeValueSize)
+      : result
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Resolve the list of substitutions to apply to docinfo files.
+   *
+   * Resolves subs from the `docinfosubs` document attribute if present,
+   * otherwise returns `['attributes']` as the default.
+   * @returns {string[]} The list of substitutions to apply.
+   */
+  _resolveDocinfoSubs() {
+    return 'docinfosubs' in this.attributes
+      ? this.resolveSubs(this.attributes.docinfosubs, 'block', null, 'docinfo')
+      : ['attributes']
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Walk the block tree and pre-compute all async text values.
+   * Handles titles (AbstractBlock), list item text, table cell text, and reftexts.
+   */
+  async _resolveAllTexts(block) {
+    // Skip title pre-computation for blocks with an explicit empty id ([id=]).
+    // In Ruby, apply_title_subs is lazy: it is never called during parsing for such
+    // blocks because section.title is never accessed.  An explicit empty id is
+    // distinguished by block.attributes.id === '' (the AttributeList parser preserves it).
+    if (block.attributes?.id !== '') {
+      await block.precomputeTitle?.()
+    }
+    await block.precomputeReftext?.()
+    const ctx = block.context
+    if (ctx === 'dlist') {
+      // dlist.blocks is an array of [[term, ...], item_or_null] pairs.
+      for (const [terms, item] of block.blocks ?? []) {
+        for (const term of terms ?? []) {
+          await term.precomputeText?.()
+          await this._resolveAllTexts(term)
+        }
+        if (item) {
+          await item.precomputeText?.()
+          await this._resolveAllTexts(item)
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (ctx === 'table') {
+      for (const row of [
+        ...(block.rows?.head ?? []),
+        ...(block.rows?.body ?? []),
+        ...(block.rows?.foot ?? []),
+      ]) {
+        for (const cell of row) {
+          await cell.precomputeText?.()
+          await cell.precomputeReftext?.()
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (const child of block.blocks ?? []) {
+        await child.precomputeText?.()
+        await this._resolveAllTexts(child)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Create and initialize an instance of the converter for this document.
+   * @param {string} backend - The backend name (e.g. 'html5', 'docbook5').
+   * @param {string} [delegateBackend] - An optional delegate backend to use when resolving the converter.
+   */
+  _createConverter(backend, delegateBackend) {
+    const opts = this.options
+    if (!this.converter && opts._preCreatedConverter) {
+      return opts._preCreatedConverter
+    }
+    const converterOpts = {
+      document: this,
+      htmlsyntax: this.attributes.htmlsyntax,
+    }
+    if (opts.template_dirs || opts.template_dir) {
+      converterOpts.template_dirs = [].concat(
+        opts.template_dirs ?? opts.template_dir
+      )
+      converterOpts.template_cache = opts.template_cache ?? true
+      converterOpts.template_engine = opts.template_engine
+      converterOpts.template_engine_options = opts.template_engine_options
+      converterOpts.eruby = opts.eruby
+      converterOpts.safe = this.safe
+      if (delegateBackend) converterOpts.delegate_backend = delegateBackend
+    }
+    if (opts.converter) {
+      return new CustomFactory({ [backend]: opts.converter }).createSync(
+        backend,
+        converterOpts
+      )
+    }
+    const factory = opts.converter_factory ?? Converter
+    return factory.createSync(backend, converterOpts)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete any attributes stored for playback
+   * @param attributes
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _clearPlaybackAttributes(attributes) {
+    delete attributes.attribute_entries
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Branch the attributes so that the original state can be restored
+   * at a future time.
+   * @returns the duplicated attributes, which will later be restored
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _saveAttributes() {
+    const attrs = this.attributes
+    if (!('doctitle' in attrs)) {
+      const dt = this.doctitle()
+      if (dt) attrs.doctitle = dt
+    }
+    this.id ??= attrs['css-signature'] ?? null
+
+    // Handle toc / toc2
+    // NOTE: delete toc/toc2 from attrs first; only re-add specific placement/position attrs
+    let tocVal
+    if ('toc2' in attrs) {
+      delete attrs.toc2
+      tocVal = 'left'
+    } else if ('toc' in attrs) {
+      tocVal = attrs.toc
+      delete attrs.toc
+    }
+    if (tocVal != null) {
+      const tocPlacementVal = attrs['toc-placement'] ?? 'macro'
+      const tocPositionVal =
+        tocPlacementVal && tocPlacementVal !== 'auto'
+          ? tocPlacementVal
+          : attrs['toc-position']
+      if (tocVal !== '' || tocPositionVal) {
+        const defaultTocPosition = 'left'
+        let defaultTocClass = 'toc2'
+        const position = !tocPositionVal
+          ? tocVal || defaultTocPosition
+          : tocPositionVal
+        attrs['toc-placement'] = 'auto'
+        switch (position) {
+          case 'left':
+          case '<':
+          case '&lt;':
+            attrs['toc-position'] = 'left'
+            break
+          case 'right':
+          case '>':
+          case '&gt;':
+            attrs['toc-position'] = 'right'
+            break
+          case 'top':
+          case '^':
+            attrs['toc-position'] = 'top'
+            break
+          case 'bottom':
+          case 'v':
+            attrs['toc-position'] = 'bottom'
+            break
+          case 'preamble':
+          case 'macro':
+            attrs['toc-position'] = 'content'
+            attrs['toc-placement'] = position
+            defaultTocClass = null
+            break
+          default:
+            delete attrs['toc-position']
+            defaultTocClass = null
+        }
+        if (defaultTocClass) attrs['toc-class'] ??= defaultTocClass
+      }
+      attrs.toc = ''
+    }
+
+    const iconsVal = attrs.icons
+    if (iconsVal != null && !('icontype' in attrs)) {
+      if (iconsVal !== '' && iconsVal !== 'font') {
+        attrs.icons = ''
+        if (iconsVal !== 'image') attrs.icontype = iconsVal
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.compatMode = 'compat-mode' in attrs
+    if (this.compatMode && 'language' in attrs) {
+      attrs['source-language'] = attrs.language
+    }
+
+    if (!this.parentDocument) {
+      const basebackend = attrs.basebackend
+      if (basebackend === 'html') {
+        const syntaxHlName = attrs['source-highlighter']
+        if (syntaxHlName && !attrs[`${syntaxHlName}-unavailable`]) {
+          // SyntaxHighlighter — optional integration, handle gracefully
+          try {
+            const factory = this.options.syntax_highlighter_factory
+            const syntaxHls = this.options.syntax_highlighters
+            if (factory) {
+              this.syntaxHighlighter = factory.create(
+                syntaxHlName,
+                this.backend,
+                { document: this }
+              )
+            } else if (syntaxHls) {
+              this.syntaxHighlighter = new DefaultFactoryProxy(
+                syntaxHls,
+                SyntaxHighlighter
+              ).create(syntaxHlName, this.backend, { document: this })
+            } else {
+              this.syntaxHighlighter = SyntaxHighlighter.create(
+                syntaxHlName,
+                this.backend,
+                { document: this }
+              )
+            }
+          } catch {}
+        }
+      } else if (basebackend === 'docbook') {
+        if (
+          !this.isAttributeLocked('toc') &&
+          !this._attributesModified.has('toc')
+        ) {
+          attrs.toc = ''
+        }
+        if (
+          !this.isAttributeLocked('sectnums') &&
+          !this._attributesModified.has('sectnums')
+        ) {
+          attrs.sectnums = ''
+        }
+      }
+      this.outfilesuffix = attrs.outfilesuffix ?? null
+
+      for (const name of FLEXIBLE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+        const _fv = this._attributeOverrides[name]
+        if (name in this._attributeOverrides && _fv != null && _fv !== false) {
+          delete this._attributeOverrides[name]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    this._headerAttributes = { ...attrs }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assign the local and document datetime attributes, which includes localdate, localyear, localtime,
+   * localdatetime, docdate, docyear, doctime, and docdatetime. Honor the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable, if set.
+   * @param attrs
+   * @param inputMtime
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _fillDatetimeAttributes(attrs, inputMtime) {
+    const sourceDateEpoch =
+      typeof process !== 'undefined' ? process.env.SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH : null
+    const now =
+      sourceDateEpoch && sourceDateEpoch !== ''
+        ? new Date(parseInt(sourceDateEpoch, 10) * 1000)
+        : new Date()
+
+    let localdate = attrs.localdate
+    if (localdate) {
+      attrs.localyear ??= localdate.length >= 4 ? localdate.slice(0, 4) : null
+    } else {
+      localdate = attrs.localdate = _formatDate(now)
+      attrs.localyear ??= String(now.getFullYear())
+    }
+    const localtime = (attrs.localtime ??= _formatTime(now))
+    attrs.localdatetime ??= `${localdate} ${localtime}`
+
+    const effectiveMtime =
+      sourceDateEpoch && sourceDateEpoch !== ''
+        ? now
+        : inputMtime instanceof Date
+          ? inputMtime
+          : now
+
+    let docdate = attrs.docdate
+    if (docdate) {
+      attrs.docyear ??= docdate.length >= 4 ? docdate.slice(0, 4) : null
+    } else {
+      docdate = attrs.docdate = _formatDate(effectiveMtime)
+      attrs.docyear ??= String(effectiveMtime.getFullYear())
+    }
+    const doctime = (attrs.doctime ??= _formatTime(effectiveMtime))
+    attrs.docdatetime ??= `${docdate} ${doctime}`
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update the backend attributes to reflect a change in the active backend.
+   *
+   * This method also handles updating the related doctype attributes if the
+   * doctype attribute is assigned at the time this method is called.
+   *
+   * @param newBackend
+   * @param init
+   * @returns {undefined|*} the resolved String backend if updated, nothing otherwise.
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _updateBackendAttributes(newBackend, init = false) {
+    if (!init && newBackend === this.backend) return undefined
+    const currentBackend = this.backend
+    const attrs = this.attributes
+    const currentBasebackend = attrs.basebackend
+    const currentDoctype = this.doctype
+
+    let delegateBackend = null
+    let actualBackend = null
+    if (newBackend.includes(':')) {
+      const parts = newBackend.split(':')
+      actualBackend = parts[0]
+      newBackend = parts[1]
+    }
+    if (newBackend.startsWith('xhtml')) {
+      attrs.htmlsyntax = 'xml'
+      newBackend = newBackend.slice(1)
+    } else if (newBackend.startsWith('html')) {
+      attrs.htmlsyntax ??= 'html'
+    }
+    newBackend = BACKEND_ALIASES[newBackend] ?? newBackend
+    if (actualBackend) {
+      delegateBackend = newBackend
+      newBackend = actualBackend
+    }
+
+    if (currentDoctype) {
+      if (currentBackend) {
+        delete attrs[`backend-${currentBackend}`]
+        delete attrs[`backend-${currentBackend}-doctype-${currentDoctype}`]
+      }
+      attrs[`backend-${newBackend}-doctype-${currentDoctype}`] = ''
+      attrs[`doctype-${currentDoctype}`] = ''
+    } else if (currentBackend) {
+      delete attrs[`backend-${currentBackend}`]
+    }
+    attrs[`backend-${newBackend}`] = ''
+    this.backend = attrs.backend = newBackend
+
+    // Create the converter (may be async in some environments; here synchronous)
+    const converter = this._createConverter(newBackend, delegateBackend)
+    let newBasebackend, newFiletype
+
+    if (converter && typeof converter._getBackendTraits === 'function') {
+      newBasebackend = converter.basebackend()
+      newFiletype = converter.filetype()
+      const htmlsyntax = converter.htmlsyntax()
+      if (htmlsyntax) attrs.htmlsyntax = htmlsyntax
+      if (init) {
+        attrs.outfilesuffix ??= converter.outfilesuffix()
+      } else if (!this.isAttributeLocked('outfilesuffix')) {
+        attrs.outfilesuffix = converter.outfilesuffix()
+      }
+    } else if (converter) {
+      const traits = deriveBackendTraits(newBackend)
+      newBasebackend = traits.basebackend
+      newFiletype = traits.filetype
+      if (init) {
+        attrs.outfilesuffix ??= traits.outfilesuffix
+      } else if (!this.isAttributeLocked('outfilesuffix')) {
+        attrs.outfilesuffix = traits.outfilesuffix
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `asciidoctor: FAILED: missing converter for backend '${newBackend}'. Processing aborted.`
+      )
+    }
+    this.converter = converter
+
+    const currentFiletype = attrs.filetype
+    if (currentFiletype) delete attrs[`filetype-${currentFiletype}`]
+    attrs.filetype = newFiletype
+    attrs[`filetype-${newFiletype}`] = ''
+
+    const pageWidth = DEFAULT_PAGE_WIDTHS[newBasebackend]
+    if (pageWidth) {
+      attrs.pagewidth = pageWidth
+    } else {
+      delete attrs.pagewidth
+    }
+
+    if (newBasebackend !== currentBasebackend) {
+      if (currentDoctype) {
+        if (currentBasebackend) {
+          delete attrs[`basebackend-${currentBasebackend}`]
+          delete attrs[
+            `basebackend-${currentBasebackend}-doctype-${currentDoctype}`
+          ]
+        }
+        attrs[`basebackend-${newBasebackend}-doctype-${currentDoctype}`] = ''
+      } else if (currentBasebackend) {
+        delete attrs[`basebackend-${currentBasebackend}`]
+      }
+      attrs[`basebackend-${newBasebackend}`] = ''
+      attrs.basebackend = newBasebackend
+    }
+    return newBackend
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update the doctype and backend attributes to reflect a change in the active doctype.
+   *
+   * @param newDoctype
+   * @returns {undefined|*} the String doctype if updated, nothing otherwise.
+   * @private
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _updateDoctypeAttributes(newDoctype) {
+    if (!newDoctype || newDoctype === this.doctype) return undefined
+    const currentBackend = this.backend
+    const attrs = this.attributes
+    const currentBasebackend = attrs.basebackend
+    const currentDoctype = this.doctype
+    if (currentDoctype) {
+      delete attrs[`doctype-${currentDoctype}`]
+      if (currentBackend) {
+        delete attrs[`backend-${currentBackend}-doctype-${currentDoctype}`]
+        attrs[`backend-${currentBackend}-doctype-${newDoctype}`] = ''
+      }
+      if (currentBasebackend) {
+        delete attrs[
+          `basebackend-${currentBasebackend}-doctype-${currentDoctype}`
+        ]
+        attrs[`basebackend-${currentBasebackend}-doctype-${newDoctype}`] = ''
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (currentBackend)
+        attrs[`backend-${currentBackend}-doctype-${newDoctype}`] = ''
+      if (currentBasebackend)
+        attrs[`basebackend-${currentBasebackend}-doctype-${newDoctype}`] = ''
+    }
+    attrs[`doctype-${newDoctype}`] = ''
+    this.doctype = attrs.doctype = newDoctype
+    return newDoctype
+  }
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function _expandPath(p) {
+  try {
+    return require('node:path').resolve(p)
+  } catch {
+    return p
+  }
+}
+
+function _cwd() {
+  return typeof process !== 'undefined' ? process.cwd() : '/'
+}
+
+function _pad2(n) {
+  return String(n).padStart(2, '0')
+}
+
+function _formatDate(d) {
+  return `${d.getFullYear()}-${_pad2(d.getMonth() + 1)}-${_pad2(d.getDate())}`
+}
+
+function _formatTime(d) {
+  const offset = -d.getTimezoneOffset()
+  const sign = offset >= 0 ? '+' : '-'
+  const abs = Math.abs(offset)
+  const hh = _pad2(Math.floor(abs / 60))
+  const mm = _pad2(abs % 60)
+  return `${_pad2(d.getHours())}:${_pad2(d.getMinutes())}:${_pad2(d.getSeconds())} ${offset === 0 ? 'UTC' : `${sign}${hh}${mm}`}`
+}
+
+function _limitBytesize(str, max) {
+  const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(str)
+  if (encoded.length <= max) return str
+  // Walk back from max to find the last complete UTF-8 character boundary.
+  let end = max
+  // Back up past continuation bytes (0x80–0xBF).
+  while (end > 0 && (encoded[end - 1] & 0xc0) === 0x80) end--
+  // If the byte at end-1 is a multibyte start byte, check whether its full
+  // sequence fits within max.
+  if (end > 0 && (encoded[end - 1] & 0x80) !== 0) {
+    const b = encoded[end - 1]
+    const charLen = b >= 0xf0 ? 4 : b >= 0xe0 ? 3 : b >= 0xc0 ? 2 : 1
+    if (end - 1 + charLen > max) {
+      end-- // sequence extends past max → exclude this start byte
+    } else {
+      end = max // sequence fits entirely → restore max
+    }
+  }
+  return new TextDecoder().decode(encoded.slice(0, end))
+}
+
+applyLogging(Document.prototype)
+
+Document.Footnote = Footnote