@amritk/nish-x86_64-linux 0.18.0 → 0.21.0

package/runtime/core/numbers.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * The widths as the core holds them (docs/RUN_UNDER_NODE.md): `i64` and `u64`
+ * are a `bigint`, every other width a `number`. `runtime/nish.d.ts` spells
+ * each as `number` for `tsc`'s reading of a Nish program; `tests/run.js`
+ * (`runtime-hosts`) holds these signatures to that file's.
+ */
+export type i32 = number;
+export type i64 = bigint;
+export type u8 = number;
+export type u16 = number;
+export type u32 = number;
+export type u64 = bigint;
+export type f32 = number;
+export type f64 = number;
+
+/** A width as the rewriter names it, for `convert`. */
+export type NumericKind = "i32" | "i64" | "u8" | "u16" | "u32" | "u64" | "f32" | "f64";
+
+export declare function toI32(x: number | bigint | boolean): i32;
+export declare function toI64(x: number | bigint | boolean): i64;
+export declare function toF64(x: number | bigint | boolean): f64;
+export declare function f64ToBits(x: f64): i64;
+export declare function f32ToBits(x: f32): i32;
+export declare function bitsToF64(bits: i64): f64;
+export declare function ctSelect<T extends u32 | u64>(mask: T, a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function ctEq<T extends u32 | u64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function checkedAdd<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function checkedSub<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function checkedMul<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function checkedNeg<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T): T;
+export declare function wrappingAdd<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function wrappingSub<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function wrappingMul<T extends i32 | i64>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function idiv<T extends number | bigint>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function irem<T extends number | bigint>(a: T, b: T): T;
+export declare function wrapI64(x: bigint): i64;
+export declare function shlI64(a: i64, b: i64): i64;
+export declare function ashrI64(a: i64, b: i64): i64;
+export declare function lshrI64(a: i64, b: i64): i64;
+export declare function absI64(x: i64): i64;
+export declare function signI64<T extends i64 | u64>(x: T): T;
+export declare function minI64(a: i64, b: i64): i64;
+export declare function maxI64(a: i64, b: i64): i64;
+export declare function wrapU64(x: bigint): u64;
+export declare function shlU64(a: u64, b: u64): u64;
+export declare function lshrU64(a: u64, b: u64): u64;
+export declare function minU64(a: u64, b: u64): u64;
+export declare function maxU64(a: u64, b: u64): u64;
+export declare function convert(x: number | bigint, from: NumericKind, to: NumericKind): number | bigint;
+export declare function parseInt(s: string): i32;
+export declare function parseFloat(s: string): f64;
+export declare function number(x: string | number | bigint | boolean): f64;
+export declare function offsets<T extends unknown[]>(first: number, args: T): T;

package/runtime/core/numbers.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+/**
+ * The numeric half of the core (docs/RUN_UNDER_NODE.md): the integer widths,
+ * their wrapping arithmetic and conversions, and the text-to-number readers.
+ */
+import { panic } from "./host.mjs";
+
+const I32_MIN = -2147483648;
+const I32_MAX = 2147483647;
+const I64_MIN = -(1n << 63n);
+const I64_MAX = (1n << 63n) - 1n;
+
+/** `trunc i64 -> i32` (wrap) for BigInt, `llvm.fptosi.sat.i32.f64` for numbers. */
+export function toI32(x) {
+  if (typeof x === "bigint") return Number(BigInt.asIntN(32, x));
+  if (Number.isNaN(x)) return 0;
+  if (x >= I32_MAX) return I32_MAX;
+  if (x <= I32_MIN) return I32_MIN;
+  return Math.trunc(x) | 0;
+}
+
+/** `sext i32 -> i64` for int32 numbers, `llvm.fptosi.sat.i64.f64` for doubles. */
+export function toI64(x) {
+  if (typeof x === "bigint") return x;
+  if (Number.isNaN(x)) return 0n;
+  if (x >= 9223372036854775808) return I64_MAX;
+  if (x <= -9223372036854775808) return I64_MIN;
+  return BigInt(Math.trunc(x));
+}
+
+/** `sitofp` for both integer widths; a double is returned unchanged. */
+export function toF64(x) {
+  return typeof x === "bigint" ? Number(x) : x;
+}
+
+/**
+ * `f64ToBits` / `bitsToF64`: reinterpret the 64 bits, never convert the value.
+ * The compiler lowers each to one `bitcast`; here it is a one-element
+ * DataView, which is the only way JavaScript lets you see a double's bits.
+ * The result is signed, matching the i64 the compiler produces.
+ */
+const BITS = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(8));
+
+export function f64ToBits(x) {
+  BITS.setFloat64(0, x);
+  return BigInt.asIntN(64, BITS.getBigUint64(0));
+}
+
+/** `f32ToBits`: the 32 bits of an `f32`, signed like the compiler's i32. */
+export function f32ToBits(x) {
+  BITS.setFloat32(0, x);
+  return BITS.getInt32(0);
+}
+
+export function bitsToF64(b) {
+  BITS.setBigInt64(0, BigInt.asIntN(64, b));
+  return BITS.getFloat64(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * `ctSelect` / `ctEq` (WP34 N6). A `u32` is a `number` here and a `u64` a
+ * BigInt, so the operands' kind picks the width, and a mix of the two — which
+ * the native checker refuses, and which a `u64` written as a bare literal is
+ * under an unrewritten run — throws the `TypeError` BigInt arithmetic throws
+ * rather than comparing a number with a BigInt and answering zero. JavaScript's
+ * `&` reads a `number` as a signed 32-bit integer, so each answer is put back in
+ * range with `>>> 0` or `asUintN(64, ...)`. These branch: only the native
+ * lowering promises constant time.
+ */
+function ctWide(name, first, second, third) {
+  const wide = typeof first === "bigint";
+  if ((typeof second === "bigint") !== wide || (typeof third === "bigint") !== wide) {
+    throw new TypeError(`${name}: cannot mix a u64 (BigInt) with a u32 (number)`);
+  }
+  return wide;
+}
+
+const U64_ONES = (1n << 64n) - 1n;
+
+export function ctSelect(mask, a, b) {
+  if (ctWide("ctSelect", mask, a, b)) return wrapU64((a & mask) | (b & ~mask));
+  return ((a & mask) | (b & ~mask)) >>> 0;
+}
+
+export function ctEq(a, b) {
+  // `ctEq` has two operands, so the second one stands in for the third.
+  if (ctWide("ctEq", a, b, b)) return wrapU64(a ^ b) === 0n ? U64_ONES : 0n;
+  return (a ^ b) === 0 ? 0xffffffff : 0;
+}
+
+// ---- Checked arithmetic (wp33 R4) ----------------------------------------------------
+//
+// What `--emit-ts` writes for a signed `+ - *` and unary minus the compiler
+// neither proved in range nor was told to wrap (`--wrapping`): the exact
+// answer, or the panic `nish_panic_overflow` prints, in its words. An i32 is
+// exact in a double until it leaves the range, and `Math.imul` is the
+// wrapped product, so a product that differs from the double one overflowed.
+// A `bigint` operand is an i64.
+
+export function checkedAdd(a, b) {
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? checkI64(a + b, "add") : checkI32(a + b, "add");
+}
+export function checkedSub(a, b) {
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? checkI64(a - b, "subtract") : checkI32(a - b, "subtract");
+}
+export function checkedMul(a, b) {
+  if (typeof a === "bigint") return checkI64(a * b, "multiply");
+  const r = Math.imul(a, b);
+  if (r !== a * b) panic("attempt to multiply with overflow");
+  return r;
+}
+export function checkedNeg(a) {
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? checkI64(-a, "negate") : checkI32(0 - a, "negate");
+}
+function checkI32(r, op) {
+  if (r > I32_MAX || r < I32_MIN) panic(`attempt to ${op} with overflow`);
+  return r;
+}
+function checkI64(r, op) {
+  if (r > I64_MAX || r < I64_MIN) panic(`attempt to ${op} with overflow`);
+  return r;
+}
+
+// `wrappingAdd`, `wrappingSub` and `wrappingMul` from `nish:unsafe`: the
+// two's-complement answer at the operands' width, i32 or i64, whatever
+// `--wrapping` says.
+export function wrappingAdd(a, b) {
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? BigInt.asIntN(64, a + b) : (a + b) | 0;
+}
+export function wrappingSub(a, b) {
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? BigInt.asIntN(64, a - b) : (a - b) | 0;
+}
+export function wrappingMul(a, b) {
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? BigInt.asIntN(64, a * b) : Math.imul(a, b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Integer `/` and `%` at every width: `sdiv`/`udiv` and `srem`/`urem`, which
+ * truncate, and the two panics the compiler guards them with. Only a signed
+ * operand can be the minimum, so the overflow test needs no width. A double
+ * quotient of two 32-bit integers truncates exactly, and `+ 0` turns the `-0`
+ * of `-1 / 2` or `-4 % 2` into the integer zero.
+ */
+export function idiv(a, b) {
+  divCheck(a, b);
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? a / b : Math.trunc(a / b) + 0;
+}
+export function irem(a, b) {
+  divCheck(a, b);
+  return typeof a === "bigint" ? a % b : (a % b) + 0;
+}
+function divCheck(a, b) {
+  if (b === 0 || b === 0n) panic("attempt to divide by zero");
+  if ((a === I32_MIN && b === -1) || (a === I64_MIN && b === -1n)) panic("attempt to divide with overflow");
+}
+
+/** Wrap a BigInt to the i64 range: every i64 `+ - * /` and unary minus goes through here. */
+export function wrapI64(x) {
+  return BigInt.asIntN(64, x);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The i64 shifts. BigInt has no `>>>` and neither of its shifts masks the
+ * count, so all three do here what `codegen/emit/bitwise.ts` emits: mask the
+ * count to 6 bits, then shift. `lshrI64` reads the operand as unsigned before
+ * shifting and hands back the signed reading of the result, which is `lshr`.
+ */
+export function shlI64(a, b) {
+  return BigInt.asIntN(64, a << (b & 63n));
+}
+export function ashrI64(a, b) {
+  return a >> (b & 63n);
+}
+export function lshrI64(a, b) {
+  return BigInt.asIntN(64, BigInt.asUintN(64, a) >> (b & 63n));
+}
+
+/** `llvm.abs.i64(x, false)`: the minimum value wraps to itself. */
+export function absI64(x) {
+  return BigInt.asIntN(64, x < 0n ? -x : x);
+}
+
+/** `Math.sign` on an i64 or u64, which Math rejects as a BigInt. */
+export function signI64(x) {
+  return x > 0n ? 1n : x < 0n ? -1n : 0n;
+}
+
+/** `llvm.smin.i64` / `llvm.smax.i64` (Math.min/max reject BigInt). */
+export function minI64(a, b) {
+  return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+export function maxI64(a, b) {
+  return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+// ---- Unsigned integers (WP15) -------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// JavaScript has no unsigned integer type, so every unsigned result is masked
+// back into its width right where the compiled code would have relied on the
+// LLVM type. u8/u16/u32 fit a `number` exactly (2^32 - 1 < 2^53); u64 is a
+// BigInt, so it goes through `wrapU64` the way i64 goes through `wrapI64`.
+
+/** Wrap into the u64 range: every u64 `+ - * /`, unary minus and shift ends here. */
+export function wrapU64(x) {
+  return BigInt.asUintN(64, x);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The u64 shifts. A u64 is already held as a non-negative BigInt, so its `>>`
+ * *is* the logical shift; what these add over the operator is the count mask
+ * (BigInt does not mask) and the wrap back into the unsigned range.
+ */
+export function shlU64(a, b) {
+  return BigInt.asUintN(64, a << (b & 63n));
+}
+export function lshrU64(a, b) {
+  return BigInt.asUintN(64, a) >> (b & 63n);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The widths, as the rewriter names them. `bits` drives every mask and
+ * `BigInt.asIntN`/`asUintN` call; `big` says whether the value is a BigInt
+ * (i64/u64) or a `number` in JavaScript.
+ */
+const INT_KINDS = {
+  i32: { bits: 32, signed: true, big: false },
+  i64: { bits: 64, signed: true, big: true },
+  u8: { bits: 8, signed: false, big: false },
+  u16: { bits: 16, signed: false, big: false },
+  u32: { bits: 32, signed: false, big: false },
+  u64: { bits: 64, signed: false, big: true },
+};
+
+/** `llvm.umin`/`umax` on u64 (`Math.min`/`max` reject BigInt); the u32-and-below widths use Math. */
+export function minU64(a, b) {
+  return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+export function maxU64(a, b) {
+  return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Every numeric conversion whose source or target is unsigned (`toU8`,
+ * `toU32(i)`, `toI32(u)`, ...), as one function taking the kind names the
+ * checker recorded. Doing it through BigInt is what makes the whole matrix
+ * exact in one place: an integer source is turned into its true mathematical
+ * value, then `asIntN`/`asUintN` performs the sign-extend, zero-extend or
+ * truncate that the target's width and signedness call for — which is exactly
+ * what `sext`/`zext`/`trunc` do natively.
+ */
+export function convert(x, from, to) {
+  // A zext of an unsigned 32-bit-or-narrower value to u64 keeps the value as it
+  // is, and skips the BigInt wrap below: a hot path in u64 arithmetic.
+  if (to === "u64" && (from === "u32" || from === "u16" || from === "u8")) return BigInt(x);
+  const num = typeof x === "bigint" ? Number(x) : x;
+  if (to === "f64") return num; // sitofp / uitofp / fpext
+  if (to === "f32") return Math.fround(num); // ... / fptrunc, then rounded to a float
+  const target = INT_KINDS[to];
+  let exact;
+  if (INT_KINDS[from] === undefined) {
+    // A float source (f32 or f64) goes through the saturating intrinsics: NaN
+    // is 0 and out-of-range values clamp. The bounds are BigInt because
+    // 2^64 - 1 has no exact `number`, and are built only here, where they are read.
+    const lo = target.signed ? -(1n << BigInt(target.bits - 1)) : 0n;
+    const hi = target.signed ? (1n << BigInt(target.bits - 1)) - 1n : (1n << BigInt(target.bits)) - 1n;
+    if (Number.isNaN(x)) exact = 0n;
+    else if (x <= Number(lo)) exact = lo;
+    else if (x >= Number(hi)) exact = hi;
+    else exact = BigInt(Math.trunc(x));
+  } else {
+    exact = BigInt(x); // sext/zext/trunc, below
+  }
+  const wrapped = target.signed ? BigInt.asIntN(target.bits, exact) : BigInt.asUintN(target.bits, exact);
+  return target.big ? wrapped : Number(wrapped);
+}
+
+const SPACES = "[ \\t\\n\\v\\f\\r]*";
+/** What `nish_parse_number` recognises: strtod's decimal and hex-integer forms, or an exact `Infinity`. */
+const LITERAL = new RegExp(`^${SPACES}([+-]?)(Infinity|0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|(?:\\d+\\.?\\d*|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)`);
+const BLANK = new RegExp(`^${SPACES}$`);
+const WHOLE = new RegExp(`${LITERAL.source}${SPACES}$`);
+
+/** The value of a `LITERAL` match: hex goes through parseInt(16), and `-` applies afterwards as in strtod. */
+function literalValue(m) {
+  const magnitude = /^0[xX]/.test(m[2]) ? Number.parseInt(m[2], 16) : Number(m[2]);
+  return m[1] === "-" ? -magnitude : magnitude;
+}
+
+/** `parseInt(s)`: strtoll base 10 (ASCII whitespace, sign, digits; 0 without digits) saturated into i32. */
+export function parseInt(s) {
+  const m = new RegExp(`^${SPACES}([+-]?\\d+)`).exec(s);
+  return m ? toI32(Number(m[1])) : 0;
+}
+
+/** `parseFloat(s)`: the longest literal after ASCII whitespace, else NaN (`0x1A` is 26, as strtod reads it). */
+export function parseFloat(s) {
+  const m = LITERAL.exec(s);
+  return m ? literalValue(m) : NaN;
+}
+
+/** `Number(x)`: a string must be one literal bar surrounding ASCII whitespace (blank is 0); others convert numerically. */
+export function number(x) {
+  if (typeof x === "bigint") return Number(x);
+  if (typeof x === "boolean") return x ? 1 : 0;
+  if (typeof x !== "string") return x;
+  const m = WHOLE.exec(x);
+  if (m) return literalValue(m);
+  return BLANK.test(x) ? 0 : NaN;
+}
+
+/** A method's arguments with each `bigint` from the `first` on made a number: the offsets and indices `--emit-ts` cannot wrap one by one. */
+export function offsets(first, args) {
+  for (let i = first; i < args.length; i++) {
+    if (typeof args[i] === "bigint") args[i] = Number(args[i]);
+  }
+  return args;
+}

package/runtime/core/result.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/** `Result` (docs/LANGUAGE.md -> Result and error handling) and `nish:secret`, as `runtime/nish.d.ts` declares them. */
+import type { u8 } from "./numbers.js";
+
+/** The success arm of a `Result`, as the discriminant proves it. */
+export type ResultOk<T> = { readonly ok: true; readonly value: T };
+/** The failure arm. */
+export type ResultErr<E> = { readonly ok: false; readonly error: E };
+
+export interface ResultMethods<T, E> {
+  isOk(): this is ResultOk<T> & ResultMethods<T, E>;
+  isErr(): this is ResultErr<E> & ResultMethods<T, E>;
+  /** The success payload, or a throw that `caught` turns into the enclosing function's `Err`. */
+  orReturn(): T;
+  unwrapOr(fallback: T): T;
+  /** The success payload, or `message` through `panic`. */
+  expect(message: string): T;
+}
+
+/** The outcome of an operation that can fail. */
+export type Result<T, E> = (ResultOk<T> | ResultErr<E>) & ResultMethods<T, E>;
+
+/** The class every `Result` is an instance of; `--emit-ts` imports it under the type's name. */
+export declare const Result: { prototype: ResultMethods<unknown, unknown> };
+
+export declare function Ok<T, E>(value: T): Result<T, E>;
+export declare function Ok<E>(): Result<void, E>;
+export declare function Err<T, E>(error: E): Result<T, E>;
+/** The `catch` of a body that calls `orReturn`: the `Err` to return, or `thrown` thrown again. */
+export declare function caught<T, E>(thrown: unknown): Result<T, E>;
+
+/** Key material, held as a plain wrapper: under JavaScript a wipe promises nothing about copies. */
+export declare class Secret<T> {
+  constructor(value: T);
+  readonly value: T;
+}
+export declare function secret<T>(value: T): Secret<T>;
+export declare function expose<T, R>(s: Secret<T>, f: (value: T) => R): R;
+export declare function exposeWith<T, A, R>(s: Secret<T>, arg: A, f: (value: T, arg: A) => R): R;
+export declare function wipe<T>(target: Secret<T>): void;
+export declare function wipe(target: object): void;
+export declare function secureZero(bytes: u8[]): void;

package/runtime/core/result.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import { panic } from "./host.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * `nish:secret` (docs/LANGUAGE.md, "Secrets"). Natively the compiler holds a
+ * `Secret` to its rules and `wipe` is a volatile store of zeros; here the rules
+ * have already been checked by the compiler or by nobody, so a `Secret` is a
+ * plain wrapper and `wipe` zero-fills what it holds. `runtime/nish.mjs`
+ * resolves the `nish:secret` specifier to `runtime/shim.mjs`, which re-exports
+ * this module, so these are its exports by name. A zero-fill under Node promises nothing about copies the
+ * engine made, which is the native wipe's whole point and is not claimed here.
+ */
+export class Secret {
+  constructor(value) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+}
+
+export function secret(value) {
+  return new Secret(value);
+}
+
+export function expose(s, f) {
+  return f(s.value);
+}
+
+export function exposeWith(s, arg, f) {
+  return f(s.value, arg);
+}
+
+/** Zero an array of integers, or every integer field of a record: `0` for a number, `0n` for an `i64` or `u64`. */
+function zeroFill(target) {
+  if (Array.isArray(target) || ArrayBuffer.isView(target)) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < target.length; i++) {
+      target[i] = typeof target[i] === "bigint" ? 0n : 0;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const key of Object.keys(target)) {
+    const field = target[key];
+    if (typeof field === "bigint") target[key] = 0n;
+    else if (typeof field === "number") target[key] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+export function wipe(target) {
+  zeroFill(target instanceof Secret ? target.value : target);
+}
+
+/**
+ * `secureZero(bytes)` (#385): every element set to zero, which is what the
+ * native `nish_wipe` leaves. Nothing here can drop a store to an array the
+ * caller still holds, so a loop is the whole of it. What it cannot promise is
+ * what the native build does: a collector that moved the array may have left a
+ * copy of the old bytes behind, and JavaScript has no way to reach it.
+ */
+export function secureZero(bytes) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+    bytes[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Result (WP16) ---------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// Natively a `Result` is a two-arm struct in the arena; here it is an ordinary
+// object with the same three names, so `r.ok`, `r.value` and `r.error` in the
+// rewritten program mean what they mean in the compiled one. Only `orReturn`
+// needs help: it returns from the *enclosing* function, which no expression in
+// JavaScript can do, so it throws a sentinel that `rewrite.js` catches in a
+// wrapper around every body that contains one.
+
+class Propagate {
+  constructor(error) {
+    this.error = error;
+  }
+}
+
+class NishResult {
+  constructor(ok, value, error) {
+    this.ok = ok;
+    if (ok) this.value = value;
+    else this.error = error;
+  }
+  isOk() {
+    return this.ok;
+  }
+  isErr() {
+    return !this.ok;
+  }
+  unwrapOr(fallback) {
+    return this.ok ? this.value : fallback;
+  }
+  expect(message) {
+    if (this.ok) return this.value;
+    panic(message);
+  }
+  orReturn() {
+    if (this.ok) return this.value;
+    throw new Propagate(this.error);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The class behind every `Result`, under the type's name, so a module
+ * `--emit-ts` writes can import `Result` for its annotations from here.
+ */
+export { NishResult as Result };
+
+/** `Ok(v)`; `Ok()` on a `Result<void, E>` carries nothing. */
+export function Ok(value) {
+  return new NishResult(true, value, undefined);
+}
+
+/** `Err(e)`. */
+export function Err(error) {
+  return new NishResult(false, undefined, error);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The `catch` half of `orReturn`: re-raise anything that is not a propagation,
+ * and answer the `Err` the enclosing function should return otherwise. The
+ * rewriter emits `return __nish.caught(e)` and nothing else, so a genuine
+ * runtime error still reaches Node unchanged.
+ */
+export function caught(thrown) {
+  if (thrown instanceof Propagate) return new NishResult(false, undefined, thrown.error);
+  throw thrown;
+}

package/runtime/core/strings.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/** The string half of the core: every length and offset counts UTF-8 bytes. */
+import type { i32, u8 } from "./numbers.js";
+
+export declare function strLen(x: string | readonly unknown[]): i32;
+export declare function strLenOpt(x: string | null | undefined): i32 | undefined;
+export declare function charCodeAt(s: string, i: number | bigint): u8;
+export declare function substring(s: string, a: number | bigint, b?: number | bigint): string;
+export declare function slice(s: string, a: number | bigint, b?: number | bigint): string;
+export declare function indexOf(s: string, sub: string, from?: number | bigint): i32;
+export declare function startsWith(s: string, sub: string): boolean;
+export declare function endsWith(s: string, sub: string): boolean;
+export declare function fromCharCode(code: number | bigint): string;
+export declare function fromBytes(bytes: readonly u8[], start: number, end: number): string;
+export declare function utf8FromBytes(bytes: readonly u8[], start: number, end: number): string;