@amritk/nish-x86_64-linux 0.18.0 → 0.21.0

package/std/crypto/bcrypt.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+/**
+ * `nish/crypto/bcrypt` — bcrypt password hashing, `$2b$` out and `$2a$`,
+ * `$2b$`, `$2y$` in. It makes the hash libxcrypt's `crypt_r` and
+ * crypt_blowfish make, and verifies as they do but for `$2x$` and a digest
+ * character outside the alphabet. Where OpenBSD's `bcrypt.c` and Go's
+ * `x/crypto` answer otherwise is the interoperability table in
+ * docs/security/crypto-bcrypt.md.
+ *
+ *     import { bcryptHash, bcryptVerify } from "nish/crypto/bcrypt"
+ *     import { Secret, secret } from "nish:secret"
+ *
+ *     const pw: Secret<u8[]> = secret(passwordBytes)
+ *     const hash: Result<string, string> = bcryptHash(pw, randomBytes(16), 12)
+ *     // "$2b$12$" + 22 salt characters + 31 digest characters
+ *     const ok: Result<boolean, string> = bcryptVerify(pw, storedHash)
+ *
+ * **The password is a `Secret<u8[]>`** (`nish:secret`). The key schedule and
+ * the 2^cost rounds run inside `exposeWith`; the Blowfish state (the P-array
+ * and the four S-boxes, 1042 words), the expanded key and the key-stream copy
+ * are wiped before it returns. `bcryptVerify` rebuilds the whole 60-character
+ * hash and compares it with `timingSafeEqual`.
+ *
+ * **The key is the reference's.** The bytes up to the first NUL, then one NUL,
+ * repeated until 72 bytes are taken: a password longer than 72 bytes hashes as
+ * its first 72, and bytes after an embedded NUL are not read, as under
+ * `crypt_r`; docs/security/crypto-bcrypt.md says why a longer password is cut
+ * rather than refused. Bytes above 127 are unsigned, as `$2b$` and
+ * `$2y$` define them. A `$2a$` hash gets crypt_blowfish's countermeasure for
+ * the old sign-extension bug: when an 8-bit byte was sign-extended into a key
+ * word and yet the buggy and the correct key came out equal, one bit of the
+ * first P word is flipped, as crypt_blowfish flips it, so the `$2a$` digest of
+ * such a password (`\xff\xff\xa3`) is not its `$2y$` one. It takes an 8-bit
+ * byte after the first byte of a key word with only 0xff bytes before it, every
+ * such byte in all 18 words being so placed, which UTF-8 never holds. `$2x$` (the bug itself) is refused.
+ *
+ * **Errors are `Err`s.** A salt that is not 16 bytes, a cost outside 4–31, or
+ * a hash string that is not one (the wrong length, an unknown prefix, a cost
+ * that is not two digits in range, a character outside the alphabet) is an
+ * `Err` naming it. A well-formed hash that is not this password's is
+ * `Ok(false)`, and so is one whose last salt character has bits set the
+ * reference drops, since the hash the reference makes from it differs.
+ *
+ * **The cost comes from the hash.** `bcryptVerify` runs 2^cost rounds for the
+ * cost the hash names, so a `$2b$31$` hash someone hands you takes 2^31
+ * rounds, hours of one core. Verify only hashes you stored.
+ *
+ * **Pure.** No I/O and no C, so it builds for wasm32. A `std/threads` task
+ * cannot call it yet, because it wipes (docs/security/crypto-bcrypt.md). A
+ * cost-12 hash takes a few hundred milliseconds of one core; a server runs it
+ * off its event loop (docs/guide/using-nish/password-hashing.md).
+ *
+ * The algorithm is Provos and Mazières's ("A Future-Adaptable Password
+ * Scheme", USENIX 1999). The code is adapted from Solar Designer's
+ * crypt_blowfish 1.3, which carries the notice below, and the 1042 initial
+ * words, the hexadecimal digits of π, are its `BF_init_state`. Closest
+ * upstream for each part: `bcryptInitState` is `BF_init_state`;
+ * `bcryptEncrypt` and the rounds in `bcryptBody` are `BF_ENCRYPT`/`BF_ROUND`;
+ * `bcryptBody` is `BF_body`; `bcryptSetKey` is `BF_set_key`; `bcryptDecodeSalt`
+ * and `bcryptEncode` are `BF_decode` and `BF_encode`; `bcryptExposed` is the
+ * part of `BF_crypt` after the setting is parsed, and `bcryptParse` that
+ * parse. The state is one flat `u32[]` with P first (words 0–17) and the
+ * S-boxes after (18–1041), so the body walks it in one pass, and every S-box
+ * index is an `i32` masked to 0–255, which the checker proves in bounds
+ * (`BCRYPT_STATE_WORDS`). The magic-string encryption, the parsing and the
+ * alphabet are separate functions so a several-lane kernel can share them.
+ *
+ * Names carry the `bcrypt` prefix because a `std/` module's private functions
+ * share the importing program's flat symbol namespace
+ * (`docs/wp26-stdlib.md` §3e).
+ *
+ * Adapted from crypt_blowfish (https://www.openwall.com/crypt/), crypt_blowfish.c.
+ * Written by Solar Designer, 1998-2014, and placed in the public domain, with a
+ * permissive licence as the fallback; see std/crypto/LICENSE-crypt_blowfish.
+ *
+ * crypt_blowfish's notice, kept as it asks:
+ *
+ * Written by Solar Designer <solar at openwall.com> in 1998-2014.
+ * No copyright is claimed, and the software is hereby placed in the public
+ * domain.  In case this attempt to disclaim copyright and place the software
+ * in the public domain is deemed null and void, then the software is
+ * Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Solar Designer and it is hereby released to the
+ * general public under the following terms:
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted.
+ *
+ * There's ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, express or implied.
+ *
+ * It is my intent that you should be able to use this on your system,
+ * as part of a software package, or anywhere else to improve security,
+ * ensure compatibility, or for any other purpose.  I would appreciate
+ * it if you give credit where it is due and keep your modifications in
+ * the public domain as well, but I don't require that in order to let
+ * you place this code and any modifications you make under a license
+ * of your choice.
+ *
+ * This implementation is fully compatible with OpenBSD's bcrypt.c for prefix
+ * "$2b$", originally by Niels Provos <provos at citi.umich.edu>, and it uses
+ * some of his ideas.  The password hashing algorithm was designed by David
+ * Mazieres <dm at lcs.mit.edu>.
+ */
+
+import { timingSafeEqual } from "nish/crypto/ct"
+import { Secret, exposeWith, wipe } from "nish:secret"
+
+/** The length of a bcrypt hash string: `$2b$`, two cost digits, `$`, 22 salt and 31 digest characters. */
+export const BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH: i32 = 60
+
+/** The length in bytes of a bcrypt salt. */
+export const BCRYPT_SALT_SIZE: i32 = 16
+
+/** The smallest cost the reference accepts: 2^4 rounds. */
+export const BCRYPT_MIN_COST: i32 = 4
+
+/** The largest cost: 2^31 rounds. */
+export const BCRYPT_MAX_COST: i32 = 31
+
+/** The number of password bytes the key schedule reads; the rest are not. */
+export const BCRYPT_MAX_PASSWORD: i32 = 72
+
+/**
+ * The state's words: P (18) then S0–S3 (4 × 256). The guards before the
+ * rounds and the key copy write 1042, 72 (`BCRYPT_MAX_PASSWORD`) and 16 as
+ * literals: the range prover reads a literal bound, not a named constant, and
+ * keeps every S-box bounds check without it.
+ */
+const BCRYPT_STATE_WORDS: i32 = 1042
+
+/** The length of the setting, `$2b$NN$` and the 22 salt characters. */
+const BCRYPT_SETTING_LENGTH: i32 = 29
+
+/** What the hash needs besides the password, as one argument, since `exposeWith` hands on only one. */
+interface BcryptSetting {
+  /** The salt as four big-endian words. */
+  salt: u32[]
+  /** log2 of the round count, 4 to 31. */
+  cost: i32
+  /** 0x10000 for `$2a$`, whose countermeasure it enables; 0 for `$2b$` and `$2y$`. */
+  safety: u32
+}
+
+/** A parsed hash string: its setting and the 29 characters the rebuilt hash starts with. */
+interface BcryptParsed {
+  setting: BcryptSetting
+  prefix: u8[]
+}
+
+/**
+ * All ones when `lo <= c <= hi`, else zero, without a branch: the encoding
+ * reads the digest, which is the stored hash when the password is right. The
+ * sums are in `u32`, as in `base64urlRangeMask` (std/crypto/base64url.ts), so
+ * no overflow check branches on them.
+ */
+const bcryptRangeMask = (c: i32, lo: i32, hi: i32): i32 =>
+  toI32((toU32(lo) - 1 - toU32(c)) & (toU32(c) - toU32(hi) - 1)) >> 31
+
+/**
+ * The bcrypt alphabet's character for the sextet `v`, `./A-Za-z0-9`: `.` + `v`,
+ * plus the step to each range `v` has reached (2 lands on `A`, 28 on `a`, 54
+ * on `0`).
+ */
+const bcryptCharOf = (v: i32): u8 =>
+  toU8(
+    46 +
+      toU32(v) +
+      toU32(bcryptRangeMask(v, 2, 63) & 17) +
+      toU32(bcryptRangeMask(v, 28, 63) & 6) -
+      toU32(bcryptRangeMask(v, 54, 63) & 75)
+  )
+
+/** The sextet of a bcrypt alphabet character, or -1 for any other byte, without a branch. */
+const bcryptSextetOf = (c: i32): i32 => {
+  const punct: i32 = bcryptRangeMask(c, 46, 47)
+  const upper: i32 = bcryptRangeMask(c, 65, 90)
+  const lower: i32 = bcryptRangeMask(c, 97, 122)
+  const digit: i32 = bcryptRangeMask(c, 48, 57)
+  const value: i32 =
+    (punct & toI32(toU32(c) - 46)) |
+    (upper & toI32(toU32(c) - 63)) |
+    (lower & toI32(toU32(c) - 69)) |
+    (digit & toI32(toU32(c) + 6))
+  return value | ~(punct | upper | lower | digit)
+}
+
+/**
+ * `BF_encode`: the first `n` bytes of `src` as bcrypt base64, three bytes to
+ * four characters, and a one- or two-byte tail to two or three.
+ */
+const bcryptEncode = (src: u8[], n: i32): u8[] => {
+  const out: u8[] = new Array<u8>((n * 4 + 2) / 3)
+  let i: i32 = 0
+  let o: i32 = 0
+  while (i + 2 < n && i + 2 < toI32(src.length) && o + 3 < toI32(out.length)) {
+    const c1: i32 = toI32(src[i])
+    const c2: i32 = toI32(src[i + 1])
+    const c3: i32 = toI32(src[i + 2])
+    out[o] = bcryptCharOf(c1 >> 2)
+    out[o + 1] = bcryptCharOf(((c1 & 0x03) << 4) | (c2 >> 4))
+    out[o + 2] = bcryptCharOf(((c2 & 0x0f) << 2) | (c3 >> 6))
+    out[o + 3] = bcryptCharOf(c3 & 0x3f)
+    i += 3
+    o += 4
+  }
+  if (i >= 0 && i < n && i < toI32(src.length) && o >= 0 && o + 1 < toI32(out.length)) {
+    const c1: i32 = toI32(src[i])
+    out[o] = bcryptCharOf(c1 >> 2)
+    if (i + 1 < n && i + 1 < toI32(src.length) && o + 2 < toI32(out.length)) {
+      const c2: i32 = toI32(src[i + 1])
+      out[o + 1] = bcryptCharOf(((c1 & 0x03) << 4) | (c2 >> 4))
+      out[o + 2] = bcryptCharOf((c2 & 0x0f) << 2)
+    } else {
+      out[o + 1] = bcryptCharOf((c1 & 0x03) << 4)
+    }
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+/** `src` copied into `dst` from `at`, as far as `dst` reaches. */
+const bcryptPut = (dst: u8[], at: i32, src: u8[]): void => {
+  for (let k: i32 = 0; k < toI32(src.length); k++) {
+    const o: i32 = at + k
+    if (o >= 0 && o < toI32(dst.length)) {
+      dst[o] = src[k]
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * `BF_decode` of the 22 salt characters of `text` from `at`: the 16 bytes as
+ * four big-endian words, or `null` if a character is outside the alphabet.
+ * The 22nd character gives its top two bits only.
+ */
+const bcryptDecodeSalt = (text: string, at: i32): u32[] | null => {
+  const sx: i32[] = new Array<i32>(22)
+  for (let k: i32 = 0; k < toI32(sx.length); k++) {
+    const p: i32 = at + k
+    if (p < 0 || p >= toI32(text.length)) {
+      return null
+    }
+    const v: i32 = bcryptSextetOf(toI32(text.charCodeAt(p)))
+    if (v < 0) {
+      return null
+    }
+    sx[k] = v
+  }
+  const bytes: u8[] = new Array<u8>(BCRYPT_SALT_SIZE)
+  let s: i32 = 0
+  let d: i32 = 0
+  while (s + 3 < toI32(sx.length) && d + 2 < toI32(bytes.length)) {
+    const c2: i32 = sx[s + 1]
+    const c3: i32 = sx[s + 2]
+    bytes[d] = toU8((sx[s] << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4))
+    bytes[d + 1] = toU8(((c2 & 0x0f) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3c) >> 2))
+    bytes[d + 2] = toU8(((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | sx[s + 3])
+    s += 4
+    d += 3
+  }
+  bytes[15] = toU8((sx[20] << 2) | ((sx[21] & 0x30) >> 4))
+  return bcryptSaltWords(bytes)
+}
+
+/** Sixteen salt bytes as four big-endian words (`BF_swap`). */
+const bcryptSaltWords = (bytes: u8[]): u32[] => {
+  const words: u32[] = new Array<u32>(4)
+  let w: i32 = 0
+  for (let b: i32 = 0; b + 3 < toI32(bytes.length) && w < toI32(words.length); b += 4) {
+    words[w] =
+      (toU32(bytes[b]) << 24) | (toU32(bytes[b + 1]) << 16) | (toU32(bytes[b + 2]) << 8) | toU32(bytes[b + 3])
+    w++
+  }
+  return words
+}
+
+/** `$2b$NN$` and the 22 salt characters for a cost and 16 salt bytes. */
+const bcryptSettingOf = (salt: u8[], cost: i32): u8[] => {
+  const out: u8[] = new Array<u8>(BCRYPT_SETTING_LENGTH)
+  out[0] = 36
+  out[1] = 50
+  out[2] = 98
+  out[3] = 36
+  out[4] = toU8(cost / 10 + 48)
+  out[5] = toU8((cost % 10) + 48)
+  out[6] = 36
+  bcryptPut(out, 7, bcryptEncode(salt, BCRYPT_SALT_SIZE))
+  return out
+}
+
+/**
+ * `BF_crypt`'s parse of a hash or setting: `$2a$`, `$2b$` or `$2y$`, two cost
+ * digits from 04 to 31, `$` and 22 salt characters. The prefix it answers has
+ * the last salt character canonical, its low four bits cleared, as the
+ * reference writes it.
+ */
+const bcryptParse = (text: string): Result<BcryptParsed, string> => {
+  if (toI32(text.length) < BCRYPT_SETTING_LENGTH) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: hash too short")
+  }
+  const minor: i32 = toI32(text.charCodeAt(2))
+  if (
+    toI32(text.charCodeAt(0)) !== 36 ||
+    toI32(text.charCodeAt(1)) !== 50 ||
+    toI32(text.charCodeAt(3)) !== 36 ||
+    (minor !== 97 && minor !== 98 && minor !== 121)
+  ) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: not a $2a$, $2b$ or $2y$ hash")
+  }
+  const d1: i32 = toI32(text.charCodeAt(4)) - 48
+  const d2: i32 = toI32(text.charCodeAt(5)) - 48
+  if (d1 < 0 || d1 > 9 || d2 < 0 || d2 > 9 || toI32(text.charCodeAt(6)) !== 36) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: the cost is not two digits")
+  }
+  const cost: i32 = d1 * 10 + d2
+  if (cost < BCRYPT_MIN_COST || cost > BCRYPT_MAX_COST) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: the cost is outside 04 to 31")
+  }
+  const salt: u32[] | null = bcryptDecodeSalt(text, 7)
+  if (salt === null) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: the salt is not bcrypt base64")
+  }
+  const prefix: u8[] = new Array<u8>(BCRYPT_SETTING_LENGTH)
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i + 1 < toI32(prefix.length) && i < toI32(text.length); i++) {
+    prefix[i] = toU8(text.charCodeAt(i))
+  }
+  prefix[28] = bcryptCharOf(bcryptSextetOf(toI32(text.charCodeAt(28))) & 0x30)
+  const safety: u32 = minor === 97 ? 0x10000 : 0
+  const setting: BcryptSetting = { salt: salt, cost: cost, safety: safety }
+  const parsed: BcryptParsed = { setting: setting, prefix: prefix }
+  return Ok(parsed)
+}
+
+/**
+ * One Blowfish block, `lr[0]` and `lr[1]` in place (`BF_ENCRYPT`), under the
+ * state `st`. The rounds are `bcryptBody`'s, which repeats them inline.
+ */
+const bcryptEncrypt = (st: u32[], lr: u32[]): void => {
+  if (st.length < 1042) {
+    return
+  }
+  if (lr.length < 2) {
+    return
+  }
+  let l: u32 = lr[0] ^ st[0]
+  let r: u32 = lr[1]
+  for (let n: i32 = 1; n < 17; n += 2) {
+    const la: i32 = toI32(l >>> 24) & 0xff
+    const lb: i32 = toI32(l >>> 16) & 0xff
+    const lc: i32 = toI32(l >>> 8) & 0xff
+    const ld: i32 = toI32(l) & 0xff
+    r ^= st[n] ^ (((st[18 + la] + st[274 + lb]) ^ st[530 + lc]) + st[786 + ld])
+    const ra: i32 = toI32(r >>> 24) & 0xff
+    const rb: i32 = toI32(r >>> 16) & 0xff
+    const rc: i32 = toI32(r >>> 8) & 0xff
+    const rd: i32 = toI32(r) & 0xff
+    l ^= st[n + 1] ^ (((st[18 + ra] + st[274 + rb]) ^ st[530 + rc]) + st[786 + rd])
+  }
+  lr[0] = r ^ st[17]
+  lr[1] = l
+}
+
+/**
+ * `BF_body`: encrypt the zero block, then each result in turn, writing the
+ * pairs over the whole state, P first and then the S-boxes. The hot loop:
+ * 2^(cost+1) calls of 521 blocks each.
+ */
+const bcryptBody = (st: u32[]): void => {
+  if (st.length < 1042) {
+    return
+  }
+  let l: u32 = 0
+  let r: u32 = 0
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i + 1 < toI32(st.length); i += 2) {
+    l ^= st[0]
+    for (let n: i32 = 1; n < 17; n += 2) {
+      const la: i32 = toI32(l >>> 24) & 0xff
+      const lb: i32 = toI32(l >>> 16) & 0xff
+      const lc: i32 = toI32(l >>> 8) & 0xff
+      const ld: i32 = toI32(l) & 0xff
+      r ^= st[n] ^ (((st[18 + la] + st[274 + lb]) ^ st[530 + lc]) + st[786 + ld])
+      const ra: i32 = toI32(r >>> 24) & 0xff
+      const rb: i32 = toI32(r >>> 16) & 0xff
+      const rc: i32 = toI32(r >>> 8) & 0xff
+      const rd: i32 = toI32(r) & 0xff
+      l ^= st[n + 1] ^ (((st[18 + ra] + st[274 + rb]) ^ st[530 + rc]) + st[786 + rd])
+    }
+    const t: u32 = r
+    r = l
+    l = t ^ st[17]
+    st[i] = l
+    st[i + 1] = r
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * `BF_set_key`: the 18 expanded-key words into `expanded`, and P XORed with
+ * them, for `password` read as its bytes to the first NUL and one NUL,
+ * repeated. `safety` is 0x10000 for `$2a$` and 0 otherwise: for `$2a$` the
+ * key is also built with each byte sign-extended, as the old bug built it,
+ * and if an 8-bit byte was sign-extended into a word (`sign`) yet the two
+ * keys came out equal (`diff` is 0), bit 16 of P[0] is flipped, as
+ * crypt_blowfish flips it. All of it is computed without a branch
+ * on a password byte: only the copy's length and the cycle position, which
+ * follow the password's length and NULs, decide a load.
+ */
+const bcryptSetKey = (st: u32[], expanded: u32[], password: u8[], safety: u32): void => {
+  if (st.length < 1042) {
+    return
+  }
+  if (expanded.length < 18) {
+    return
+  }
+  // The key stream: at most 72 bytes of the password and zeros after, so the
+  // cycle below reads a NUL at 72 at the latest without testing the length.
+  // It is 128 long so that the position, masked to 7 bits, needs no check.
+  const key: u8[] = new Array<u8>(128)
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i < toI32(password.length) && i < 72; i++) {
+    key[i] = password[i]
+  }
+  let p: i32 = 0
+  let sign: u32 = 0
+  let diff: u32 = 0
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i < 18; i++) {
+    let correct: u32 = 0
+    let buggy: u32 = 0
+    for (let j: i32 = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+      const q: i32 = p & 0x7f
+      const c: i32 = toI32(key[q])
+      correct = (correct << 8) | toU32(c)
+      buggy = (buggy << 8) | ((toU32(c) ^ 0x80) - 0x80)
+      if (j !== 0) {
+        sign |= buggy & 0x80
+      }
+      // The next position, or 0 after a NUL: 1 if c is nonzero, else 0.
+      p = (p + 1) * ((c | -c) >>> 31)
+    }
+    diff |= correct ^ buggy
+    expanded[i] = correct
+    st[i] ^= correct
+  }
+  diff |= diff >>> 16
+  diff &= 0xffff
+  diff += 0xffff
+  sign <<= 9
+  sign &= ~diff & safety
+  st[0] ^= sign
+  wipe(key)
+}
+
+/** The state Blowfish starts from: P then S0–S3, the digits of π (`BF_init_state`). */
+const bcryptInitState = (): u32[] => {
+  const st: u32[] = [
+    // P
+    0x243f6a88, 0x85a308d3, 0x13198a2e, 0x03707344, 0xa4093822, 0x299f31d0, 0x082efa98, 0xec4e6c89,
+    0x452821e6, 0x38d01377, 0xbe5466cf, 0x34e90c6c, 0xc0ac29b7, 0xc97c50dd, 0x3f84d5b5, 0xb5470917,
+    0x9216d5d9, 0x8979fb1b,
+    // S0
+    0xd1310ba6, 0x98dfb5ac, 0x2ffd72db, 0xd01adfb7, 0xb8e1afed, 0x6a267e96, 0xba7c9045, 0xf12c7f99,
+    0x24a19947, 0xb3916cf7, 0x0801f2e2, 0x858efc16, 0x636920d8, 0x71574e69, 0xa458fea3, 0xf4933d7e,
+    0x0d95748f, 0x728eb658, 0x718bcd58, 0x82154aee, 0x7b54a41d, 0xc25a59b5, 0x9c30d539, 0x2af26013,
+    0xc5d1b023, 0x286085f0, 0xca417918, 0xb8db38ef, 0x8e79dcb0, 0x603a180e, 0x6c9e0e8b, 0xb01e8a3e,
+    0xd71577c1, 0xbd314b27, 0x78af2fda, 0x55605c60, 0xe65525f3, 0xaa55ab94, 0x57489862, 0x63e81440,
+    0x55ca396a, 0x2aab10b6, 0xb4cc5c34, 0x1141e8ce, 0xa15486af, 0x7c72e993, 0xb3ee1411, 0x636fbc2a,
+    0x2ba9c55d, 0x741831f6, 0xce5c3e16, 0x9b87931e, 0xafd6ba33, 0x6c24cf5c, 0x7a325381, 0x28958677,
+    0x3b8f4898, 0x6b4bb9af, 0xc4bfe81b, 0x66282193, 0x61d809cc, 0xfb21a991, 0x487cac60, 0x5dec8032,
+    0xef845d5d, 0xe98575b1, 0xdc262302, 0xeb651b88, 0x23893e81, 0xd396acc5, 0x0f6d6ff3, 0x83f44239,
+    0x2e0b4482, 0xa4842004, 0x69c8f04a, 0x9e1f9b5e, 0x21c66842, 0xf6e96c9a, 0x670c9c61, 0xabd388f0,
+    0x6a51a0d2, 0xd8542f68, 0x960fa728, 0xab5133a3, 0x6eef0b6c, 0x137a3be4, 0xba3bf050, 0x7efb2a98,
+    0xa1f1651d, 0x39af0176, 0x66ca593e, 0x82430e88, 0x8cee8619, 0x456f9fb4, 0x7d84a5c3, 0x3b8b5ebe,
+    0xe06f75d8, 0x85c12073, 0x401a449f, 0x56c16aa6, 0x4ed3aa62, 0x363f7706, 0x1bfedf72, 0x429b023d,
+    0x37d0d724, 0xd00a1248, 0xdb0fead3, 0x49f1c09b, 0x075372c9, 0x80991b7b, 0x25d479d8, 0xf6e8def7,
+    0xe3fe501a, 0xb6794c3b, 0x976ce0bd, 0x04c006ba, 0xc1a94fb6, 0x409f60c4, 0x5e5c9ec2, 0x196a2463,
+    0x68fb6faf, 0x3e6c53b5, 0x1339b2eb, 0x3b52ec6f, 0x6dfc511f, 0x9b30952c, 0xcc814544, 0xaf5ebd09,
+    0xbee3d004, 0xde334afd, 0x660f2807, 0x192e4bb3, 0xc0cba857, 0x45c8740f, 0xd20b5f39, 0xb9d3fbdb,
+    0x5579c0bd, 0x1a60320a, 0xd6a100c6, 0x402c7279, 0x679f25fe, 0xfb1fa3cc, 0x8ea5e9f8, 0xdb3222f8,
+    0x3c7516df, 0xfd616b15, 0x2f501ec8, 0xad0552ab, 0x323db5fa, 0xfd238760, 0x53317b48, 0x3e00df82,
+    0x9e5c57bb, 0xca6f8ca0, 0x1a87562e, 0xdf1769db, 0xd542a8f6, 0x287effc3, 0xac6732c6, 0x8c4f5573,
+    0x695b27b0, 0xbbca58c8, 0xe1ffa35d, 0xb8f011a0, 0x10fa3d98, 0xfd2183b8, 0x4afcb56c, 0x2dd1d35b,
+    0x9a53e479, 0xb6f84565, 0xd28e49bc, 0x4bfb9790, 0xe1ddf2da, 0xa4cb7e33, 0x62fb1341, 0xcee4c6e8,
+    0xef20cada, 0x36774c01, 0xd07e9efe, 0x2bf11fb4, 0x95dbda4d, 0xae909198, 0xeaad8e71, 0x6b93d5a0,
+    0xd08ed1d0, 0xafc725e0, 0x8e3c5b2f, 0x8e7594b7, 0x8ff6e2fb, 0xf2122b64, 0x8888b812, 0x900df01c,
+    0x4fad5ea0, 0x688fc31c, 0xd1cff191, 0xb3a8c1ad, 0x2f2f2218, 0xbe0e1777, 0xea752dfe, 0x8b021fa1,
+    0xe5a0cc0f, 0xb56f74e8, 0x18acf3d6, 0xce89e299, 0xb4a84fe0, 0xfd13e0b7, 0x7cc43b81, 0xd2ada8d9,
+    0x165fa266, 0x80957705, 0x93cc7314, 0x211a1477, 0xe6ad2065, 0x77b5fa86, 0xc75442f5, 0xfb9d35cf,
+    0xebcdaf0c, 0x7b3e89a0, 0xd6411bd3, 0xae1e7e49, 0x00250e2d, 0x2071b35e, 0x226800bb, 0x57b8e0af,
+    0x2464369b, 0xf009b91e, 0x5563911d, 0x59dfa6aa, 0x78c14389, 0xd95a537f, 0x207d5ba2, 0x02e5b9c5,
+    0x83260376, 0x6295cfa9, 0x11c81968, 0x4e734a41, 0xb3472dca, 0x7b14a94a, 0x1b510052, 0x9a532915,
+    0xd60f573f, 0xbc9bc6e4, 0x2b60a476, 0x81e67400, 0x08ba6fb5, 0x571be91f, 0xf296ec6b, 0x2a0dd915,
+    0xb6636521, 0xe7b9f9b6, 0xff34052e, 0xc5855664, 0x53b02d5d, 0xa99f8fa1, 0x08ba4799, 0x6e85076a,
+    // S1
+    0x4b7a70e9, 0xb5b32944, 0xdb75092e, 0xc4192623, 0xad6ea6b0, 0x49a7df7d, 0x9cee60b8, 0x8fedb266,
+    0xecaa8c71, 0x699a17ff, 0x5664526c, 0xc2b19ee1, 0x193602a5, 0x75094c29, 0xa0591340, 0xe4183a3e,
+    0x3f54989a, 0x5b429d65, 0x6b8fe4d6, 0x99f73fd6, 0xa1d29c07, 0xefe830f5, 0x4d2d38e6, 0xf0255dc1,
+    0x4cdd2086, 0x8470eb26, 0x6382e9c6, 0x021ecc5e, 0x09686b3f, 0x3ebaefc9, 0x3c971814, 0x6b6a70a1,
+    0x687f3584, 0x52a0e286, 0xb79c5305, 0xaa500737, 0x3e07841c, 0x7fdeae5c, 0x8e7d44ec, 0x5716f2b8,
+    0xb03ada37, 0xf0500c0d, 0xf01c1f04, 0x0200b3ff, 0xae0cf51a, 0x3cb574b2, 0x25837a58, 0xdc0921bd,
+    0xd19113f9, 0x7ca92ff6, 0x94324773, 0x22f54701, 0x3ae5e581, 0x37c2dadc, 0xc8b57634, 0x9af3dda7,
+    0xa9446146, 0x0fd0030e, 0xecc8c73e, 0xa4751e41, 0xe238cd99, 0x3bea0e2f, 0x3280bba1, 0x183eb331,
+    0x4e548b38, 0x4f6db908, 0x6f420d03, 0xf60a04bf, 0x2cb81290, 0x24977c79, 0x5679b072, 0xbcaf89af,
+    0xde9a771f, 0xd9930810, 0xb38bae12, 0xdccf3f2e, 0x5512721f, 0x2e6b7124, 0x501adde6, 0x9f84cd87,
+    0x7a584718, 0x7408da17, 0xbc9f9abc, 0xe94b7d8c, 0xec7aec3a, 0xdb851dfa, 0x63094366, 0xc464c3d2,
+    0xef1c1847, 0x3215d908, 0xdd433b37, 0x24c2ba16, 0x12a14d43, 0x2a65c451, 0x50940002, 0x133ae4dd,
+    0x71dff89e, 0x10314e55, 0x81ac77d6, 0x5f11199b, 0x043556f1, 0xd7a3c76b, 0x3c11183b, 0x5924a509,
+    0xf28fe6ed, 0x97f1fbfa, 0x9ebabf2c, 0x1e153c6e, 0x86e34570, 0xeae96fb1, 0x860e5e0a, 0x5a3e2ab3,
+    0x771fe71c, 0x4e3d06fa, 0x2965dcb9, 0x99e71d0f, 0x803e89d6, 0x5266c825, 0x2e4cc978, 0x9c10b36a,
+    0xc6150eba, 0x94e2ea78, 0xa5fc3c53, 0x1e0a2df4, 0xf2f74ea7, 0x361d2b3d, 0x1939260f, 0x19c27960,
+    0x5223a708, 0xf71312b6, 0xebadfe6e, 0xeac31f66, 0xe3bc4595, 0xa67bc883, 0xb17f37d1, 0x018cff28,
+    0xc332ddef, 0xbe6c5aa5, 0x65582185, 0x68ab9802, 0xeecea50f, 0xdb2f953b, 0x2aef7dad, 0x5b6e2f84,
+    0x1521b628, 0x29076170, 0xecdd4775, 0x619f1510, 0x13cca830, 0xeb61bd96, 0x0334fe1e, 0xaa0363cf,
+    0xb5735c90, 0x4c70a239, 0xd59e9e0b, 0xcbaade14, 0xeecc86bc, 0x60622ca7, 0x9cab5cab, 0xb2f3846e,
+    0x648b1eaf, 0x19bdf0ca, 0xa02369b9, 0x655abb50, 0x40685a32, 0x3c2ab4b3, 0x319ee9d5, 0xc021b8f7,
+    0x9b540b19, 0x875fa099, 0x95f7997e, 0x623d7da8, 0xf837889a, 0x97e32d77, 0x11ed935f, 0x16681281,
+    0x0e358829, 0xc7e61fd6, 0x96dedfa1, 0x7858ba99, 0x57f584a5, 0x1b227263, 0x9b83c3ff, 0x1ac24696,
+    0xcdb30aeb, 0x532e3054, 0x8fd948e4, 0x6dbc3128, 0x58ebf2ef, 0x34c6ffea, 0xfe28ed61, 0xee7c3c73,
+    0x5d4a14d9, 0xe864b7e3, 0x42105d14, 0x203e13e0, 0x45eee2b6, 0xa3aaabea, 0xdb6c4f15, 0xfacb4fd0,
+    0xc742f442, 0xef6abbb5, 0x654f3b1d, 0x41cd2105, 0xd81e799e, 0x86854dc7, 0xe44b476a, 0x3d816250,
+    0xcf62a1f2, 0x5b8d2646, 0xfc8883a0, 0xc1c7b6a3, 0x7f1524c3, 0x69cb7492, 0x47848a0b, 0x5692b285,
+    0x095bbf00, 0xad19489d, 0x1462b174, 0x23820e00, 0x58428d2a, 0x0c55f5ea, 0x1dadf43e, 0x233f7061,
+    0x3372f092, 0x8d937e41, 0xd65fecf1, 0x6c223bdb, 0x7cde3759, 0xcbee7460, 0x4085f2a7, 0xce77326e,
+    0xa6078084, 0x19f8509e, 0xe8efd855, 0x61d99735, 0xa969a7aa, 0xc50c06c2, 0x5a04abfc, 0x800bcadc,
+    0x9e447a2e, 0xc3453484, 0xfdd56705, 0x0e1e9ec9, 0xdb73dbd3, 0x105588cd, 0x675fda79, 0xe3674340,
+    0xc5c43465, 0x713e38d8, 0x3d28f89e, 0xf16dff20, 0x153e21e7, 0x8fb03d4a, 0xe6e39f2b, 0xdb83adf7,
+    // S2
+    0xe93d5a68, 0x948140f7, 0xf64c261c, 0x94692934, 0x411520f7, 0x7602d4f7, 0xbcf46b2e, 0xd4a20068,
+    0xd4082471, 0x3320f46a, 0x43b7d4b7, 0x500061af, 0x1e39f62e, 0x97244546, 0x14214f74, 0xbf8b8840,
+    0x4d95fc1d, 0x96b591af, 0x70f4ddd3, 0x66a02f45, 0xbfbc09ec, 0x03bd9785, 0x7fac6dd0, 0x31cb8504,
+    0x96eb27b3, 0x55fd3941, 0xda2547e6, 0xabca0a9a, 0x28507825, 0x530429f4, 0x0a2c86da, 0xe9b66dfb,
+    0x68dc1462, 0xd7486900, 0x680ec0a4, 0x27a18dee, 0x4f3ffea2, 0xe887ad8c, 0xb58ce006, 0x7af4d6b6,
+    0xaace1e7c, 0xd3375fec, 0xce78a399, 0x406b2a42, 0x20fe9e35, 0xd9f385b9, 0xee39d7ab, 0x3b124e8b,
+    0x1dc9faf7, 0x4b6d1856, 0x26a36631, 0xeae397b2, 0x3a6efa74, 0xdd5b4332, 0x6841e7f7, 0xca7820fb,
+    0xfb0af54e, 0xd8feb397, 0x454056ac, 0xba489527, 0x55533a3a, 0x20838d87, 0xfe6ba9b7, 0xd096954b,
+    0x55a867bc, 0xa1159a58, 0xcca92963, 0x99e1db33, 0xa62a4a56, 0x3f3125f9, 0x5ef47e1c, 0x9029317c,
+    0xfdf8e802, 0x04272f70, 0x80bb155c, 0x05282ce3, 0x95c11548, 0xe4c66d22, 0x48c1133f, 0xc70f86dc,
+    0x07f9c9ee, 0x41041f0f, 0x404779a4, 0x5d886e17, 0x325f51eb, 0xd59bc0d1, 0xf2bcc18f, 0x41113564,
+    0x257b7834, 0x602a9c60, 0xdff8e8a3, 0x1f636c1b, 0x0e12b4c2, 0x02e1329e, 0xaf664fd1, 0xcad18115,
+    0x6b2395e0, 0x333e92e1, 0x3b240b62, 0xeebeb922, 0x85b2a20e, 0xe6ba0d99, 0xde720c8c, 0x2da2f728,
+    0xd0127845, 0x95b794fd, 0x647d0862, 0xe7ccf5f0, 0x5449a36f, 0x877d48fa, 0xc39dfd27, 0xf33e8d1e,
+    0x0a476341, 0x992eff74, 0x3a6f6eab, 0xf4f8fd37, 0xa812dc60, 0xa1ebddf8, 0x991be14c, 0xdb6e6b0d,
+    0xc67b5510, 0x6d672c37, 0x2765d43b, 0xdcd0e804, 0xf1290dc7, 0xcc00ffa3, 0xb5390f92, 0x690fed0b,
+    0x667b9ffb, 0xcedb7d9c, 0xa091cf0b, 0xd9155ea3, 0xbb132f88, 0x515bad24, 0x7b9479bf, 0x763bd6eb,
+    0x37392eb3, 0xcc115979, 0x8026e297, 0xf42e312d, 0x6842ada7, 0xc66a2b3b, 0x12754ccc, 0x782ef11c,
+    0x6a124237, 0xb79251e7, 0x06a1bbe6, 0x4bfb6350, 0x1a6b1018, 0x11caedfa, 0x3d25bdd8, 0xe2e1c3c9,
+    0x44421659, 0x0a121386, 0xd90cec6e, 0xd5abea2a, 0x64af674e, 0xda86a85f, 0xbebfe988, 0x64e4c3fe,
+    0x9dbc8057, 0xf0f7c086, 0x60787bf8, 0x6003604d, 0xd1fd8346, 0xf6381fb0, 0x7745ae04, 0xd736fccc,
+    0x83426b33, 0xf01eab71, 0xb0804187, 0x3c005e5f, 0x77a057be, 0xbde8ae24, 0x55464299, 0xbf582e61,
+    0x4e58f48f, 0xf2ddfda2, 0xf474ef38, 0x8789bdc2, 0x5366f9c3, 0xc8b38e74, 0xb475f255, 0x46fcd9b9,
+    0x7aeb2661, 0x8b1ddf84, 0x846a0e79, 0x915f95e2, 0x466e598e, 0x20b45770, 0x8cd55591, 0xc902de4c,
+    0xb90bace1, 0xbb8205d0, 0x11a86248, 0x7574a99e, 0xb77f19b6, 0xe0a9dc09, 0x662d09a1, 0xc4324633,
+    0xe85a1f02, 0x09f0be8c, 0x4a99a025, 0x1d6efe10, 0x1ab93d1d, 0x0ba5a4df, 0xa186f20f, 0x2868f169,
+    0xdcb7da83, 0x573906fe, 0xa1e2ce9b, 0x4fcd7f52, 0x50115e01, 0xa70683fa, 0xa002b5c4, 0x0de6d027,
+    0x9af88c27, 0x773f8641, 0xc3604c06, 0x61a806b5, 0xf0177a28, 0xc0f586e0, 0x006058aa, 0x30dc7d62,
+    0x11e69ed7, 0x2338ea63, 0x53c2dd94, 0xc2c21634, 0xbbcbee56, 0x90bcb6de, 0xebfc7da1, 0xce591d76,
+    0x6f05e409, 0x4b7c0188, 0x39720a3d, 0x7c927c24, 0x86e3725f, 0x724d9db9, 0x1ac15bb4, 0xd39eb8fc,
+    0xed545578, 0x08fca5b5, 0xd83d7cd3, 0x4dad0fc4, 0x1e50ef5e, 0xb161e6f8, 0xa28514d9, 0x6c51133c,
+    0x6fd5c7e7, 0x56e14ec4, 0x362abfce, 0xddc6c837, 0xd79a3234, 0x92638212, 0x670efa8e, 0x406000e0,
+    // S3
+    0x3a39ce37, 0xd3faf5cf, 0xabc27737, 0x5ac52d1b, 0x5cb0679e, 0x4fa33742, 0xd3822740, 0x99bc9bbe,
+    0xd5118e9d, 0xbf0f7315, 0xd62d1c7e, 0xc700c47b, 0xb78c1b6b, 0x21a19045, 0xb26eb1be, 0x6a366eb4,
+    0x5748ab2f, 0xbc946e79, 0xc6a376d2, 0x6549c2c8, 0x530ff8ee, 0x468dde7d, 0xd5730a1d, 0x4cd04dc6,
+    0x2939bbdb, 0xa9ba4650, 0xac9526e8, 0xbe5ee304, 0xa1fad5f0, 0x6a2d519a, 0x63ef8ce2, 0x9a86ee22,
+    0xc089c2b8, 0x43242ef6, 0xa51e03aa, 0x9cf2d0a4, 0x83c061ba, 0x9be96a4d, 0x8fe51550, 0xba645bd6,
+    0x2826a2f9, 0xa73a3ae1, 0x4ba99586, 0xef5562e9, 0xc72fefd3, 0xf752f7da, 0x3f046f69, 0x77fa0a59,
+    0x80e4a915, 0x87b08601, 0x9b09e6ad, 0x3b3ee593, 0xe990fd5a, 0x9e34d797, 0x2cf0b7d9, 0x022b8b51,
+    0x96d5ac3a, 0x017da67d, 0xd1cf3ed6, 0x7c7d2d28, 0x1f9f25cf, 0xadf2b89b, 0x5ad6b472, 0x5a88f54c,
+    0xe029ac71, 0xe019a5e6, 0x47b0acfd, 0xed93fa9b, 0xe8d3c48d, 0x283b57cc, 0xf8d56629, 0x79132e28,
+    0x785f0191, 0xed756055, 0xf7960e44, 0xe3d35e8c, 0x15056dd4, 0x88f46dba, 0x03a16125, 0x0564f0bd,
+    0xc3eb9e15, 0x3c9057a2, 0x97271aec, 0xa93a072a, 0x1b3f6d9b, 0x1e6321f5, 0xf59c66fb, 0x26dcf319,
+    0x7533d928, 0xb155fdf5, 0x03563482, 0x8aba3cbb, 0x28517711, 0xc20ad9f8, 0xabcc5167, 0xccad925f,
+    0x4de81751, 0x3830dc8e, 0x379d5862, 0x9320f991, 0xea7a90c2, 0xfb3e7bce, 0x5121ce64, 0x774fbe32,
+    0xa8b6e37e, 0xc3293d46, 0x48de5369, 0x6413e680, 0xa2ae0810, 0xdd6db224, 0x69852dfd, 0x09072166,
+    0xb39a460a, 0x6445c0dd, 0x586cdecf, 0x1c20c8ae, 0x5bbef7dd, 0x1b588d40, 0xccd2017f, 0x6bb4e3bb,
+    0xdda26a7e, 0x3a59ff45, 0x3e350a44, 0xbcb4cdd5, 0x72eacea8, 0xfa6484bb, 0x8d6612ae, 0xbf3c6f47,
+    0xd29be463, 0x542f5d9e, 0xaec2771b, 0xf64e6370, 0x740e0d8d, 0xe75b1357, 0xf8721671, 0xaf537d5d,
+    0x4040cb08, 0x4eb4e2cc, 0x34d2466a, 0x0115af84, 0xe1b00428, 0x95983a1d, 0x06b89fb4, 0xce6ea048,
+    0x6f3f3b82, 0x3520ab82, 0x011a1d4b, 0x277227f8, 0x611560b1, 0xe7933fdc, 0xbb3a792b, 0x344525bd,
+    0xa08839e1, 0x51ce794b, 0x2f32c9b7, 0xa01fbac9, 0xe01cc87e, 0xbcc7d1f6, 0xcf0111c3, 0xa1e8aac7,
+    0x1a908749, 0xd44fbd9a, 0xd0dadecb, 0xd50ada38, 0x0339c32a, 0xc6913667, 0x8df9317c, 0xe0b12b4f,
+    0xf79e59b7, 0x43f5bb3a, 0xf2d519ff, 0x27d9459c, 0xbf97222c, 0x15e6fc2a, 0x0f91fc71, 0x9b941525,
+    0xfae59361, 0xceb69ceb, 0xc2a86459, 0x12baa8d1, 0xb6c1075e, 0xe3056a0c, 0x10d25065, 0xcb03a442,
+    0xe0ec6e0e, 0x1698db3b, 0x4c98a0be, 0x3278e964, 0x9f1f9532, 0xe0d392df, 0xd3a0342b, 0x8971f21e,
+    0x1b0a7441, 0x4ba3348c, 0xc5be7120, 0xc37632d8, 0xdf359f8d, 0x9b992f2e, 0xe60b6f47, 0x0fe3f11d,
+    0xe54cda54, 0x1edad891, 0xce6279cf, 0xcd3e7e6f, 0x1618b166, 0xfd2c1d05, 0x848fd2c5, 0xf6fb2299,
+    0xf523f357, 0xa6327623, 0x93a83531, 0x56cccd02, 0xacf08162, 0x5a75ebb5, 0x6e163697, 0x88d273cc,
+    0xde966292, 0x81b949d0, 0x4c50901b, 0x71c65614, 0xe6c6c7bd, 0x327a140a, 0x45e1d006, 0xc3f27b9a,
+    0xc9aa53fd, 0x62a80f00, 0xbb25bfe2, 0x35bdd2f6, 0x71126905, 0xb2040222, 0xb6cbcf7c, 0xcd769c2b,
+    0x53113ec0, 0x1640e3d3, 0x38abbd60, 0x2547adf0, 0xba38209c, 0xf746ce76, 0x77afa1c5, 0x20756060,
+    0x85cbfe4e, 0x8ae88dd8, 0x7aaaf9b0, 0x4cf9aa7e, 0x1948c25c, 0x02fb8a8c, 0x01c36ae4, 0xd6ebe1f9,
+    0x90d4f869, 0xa65cdea0, 0x3f09252d, 0xc208e69f, 0xb74e6132, 0xce77e25b, 0x578fdfe3, 0x3ac372e6,
+  ]
+  return st
+}
+
+/** The block `lr` into `st` at `at` and `at + 1`. */
+const bcryptStore = (st: u32[], at: i32, lr: u32[]): void => {
+  if (lr.length < 2) {
+    return
+  }
+  if (at >= 0 && at + 1 < toI32(st.length)) {
+    st[at] = lr[0]
+    st[at + 1] = lr[1]
+  }
+}
+
+/** P XORed with the expanded key: the first half of a cost round. */
+const bcryptXorKey = (st: u32[], expanded: u32[]): void => {
+  if (st.length < 18) {
+    return
+  }
+  if (expanded.length < 18) {
+    return
+  }
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i < 18; i++) {
+    st[i] ^= expanded[i]
+  }
+}
+
+/** P XORed with the salt words, repeated: the second half of a cost round. */
+const bcryptXorSalt = (st: u32[], s0: u32, s1: u32, s2: u32, s3: u32): void => {
+  if (st.length < 18) {
+    return
+  }
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i + 3 < 16; i += 4) {
+    st[i] ^= s0
+    st[i + 1] ^= s1
+    st[i + 2] ^= s2
+    st[i + 3] ^= s3
+  }
+  st[16] ^= s0
+  st[17] ^= s1
+}
+
+/**
+ * The hash itself, for `exposeWith` to run on the plain password: the 31
+ * digest characters (`BF_crypt` from the key schedule on). The state, the
+ * expanded key and the block are wiped before it returns.
+ */
+const bcryptExposed = (password: u8[], setting: BcryptSetting): u8[] => {
+  const salt: u32[] = setting.salt
+  if (salt.length < 4) {
+    return new Array<u8>(31)
+  }
+  const s0: u32 = salt[0]
+  const s1: u32 = salt[1]
+  const s2: u32 = salt[2]
+  const s3: u32 = salt[3]
+  const st: u32[] = bcryptInitState()
+  const expanded: u32[] = new Array<u32>(18)
+  const lr: u32[] = new Array<u32>(2)
+  bcryptSetKey(st, expanded, password, setting.safety)
+
+  // The salted expansion: each block is XORed with a salt half before it is
+  // encrypted, the first half and the second in turn (`BF_crypt`'s two loops).
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i < BCRYPT_STATE_WORDS; i += 2) {
+    const odd: boolean = (i & 2) !== 0
+    lr[0] ^= odd ? s2 : s0
+    lr[1] ^= odd ? s3 : s1
+    bcryptEncrypt(st, lr)
+    bcryptStore(st, i, lr)
+  }
+
+  // 2^cost rounds of the key, then the salt, re-keying the whole state.
+  let rounds: u32 = toU32(1) << toU32(setting.cost)
+  while (rounds !== 0) {
+    bcryptXorKey(st, expanded)
+    bcryptBody(st)
+    bcryptXorSalt(st, s0, s1, s2, s3)
+    bcryptBody(st)
+    rounds -= 1
+  }
+
+  // "OrpheanBeholderScryDoubt", each pair encrypted 64 times, big-endian.
+  const digest: u8[] = new Array<u8>(24)
+  bcryptMagic(st, lr, digest, 0, 0x4f727068, 0x65616e42)
+  bcryptMagic(st, lr, digest, 8, 0x65686f6c, 0x64657253)
+  bcryptMagic(st, lr, digest, 16, 0x63727944, 0x6f756274)
+  // 23 of the 24 bytes, as the reference encodes them.
+  const out: u8[] = bcryptEncode(digest, 23)
+  wipe(st)
+  wipe(expanded)
+  wipe(lr)
+  wipe(digest)
+  return out
+}
+
+/** One pair of the magic string, encrypted 64 times under `st`, into `dst` at `at` as eight big-endian bytes. */
+const bcryptMagic = (st: u32[], lr: u32[], dst: u8[], at: i32, l: u32, r: u32): void => {
+  lr[0] = l
+  lr[1] = r
+  for (let k: i32 = 0; k < 64; k++) {
+    bcryptEncrypt(st, lr)
+  }
+  if (at < 0 || at + 7 >= toI32(dst.length)) {
+    return
+  }
+  const l2: u32 = lr[0]
+  const r2: u32 = lr[1]
+  dst[at] = toU8(l2 >>> 24)
+  dst[at + 1] = toU8((l2 >>> 16) & 0xff)
+  dst[at + 2] = toU8((l2 >>> 8) & 0xff)
+  dst[at + 3] = toU8(l2 & 0xff)
+  dst[at + 4] = toU8(r2 >>> 24)
+  dst[at + 5] = toU8((r2 >>> 16) & 0xff)
+  dst[at + 6] = toU8((r2 >>> 8) & 0xff)
+  dst[at + 7] = toU8(r2 & 0xff)
+}
+
+/** The 60 bytes of the hash: the 29-byte setting, then the digest the password gives under it. */
+const bcryptRun = (password: Secret<u8[]>, prefix: u8[], setting: BcryptSetting): u8[] => {
+  const digest: u8[] = exposeWith(password, setting, bcryptExposed)
+  const out: u8[] = new Array<u8>(BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH)
+  bcryptPut(out, 0, prefix)
+  bcryptPut(out, BCRYPT_SETTING_LENGTH, digest)
+  return out
+}
+
+/**
+ * The `$2b$` hash of `password` with a 16-byte `salt` and 2^`cost` rounds:
+ * 60 characters, `$2b$`, the two-digit cost, `$`, the salt and the digest in
+ * bcrypt's base64. The salt must come from a CSPRNG and be fresh for each
+ * hash. An `Err` for a salt of another length or a cost outside 4–31.
+ */
+export const bcryptHash = (password: Secret<u8[]>, salt: u8[], cost: i32): Result<string, string> => {
+  if (salt.length !== 16) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: the salt is not 16 bytes")
+  }
+  if (cost < BCRYPT_MIN_COST || cost > BCRYPT_MAX_COST) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: the cost is outside 4 to 31")
+  }
+  const setting: BcryptSetting = { salt: bcryptSaltWords(salt), cost: cost, safety: toU32(0) }
+  const out: u8[] = bcryptRun(password, bcryptSettingOf(salt, cost), setting)
+  return Ok(String.fromBytes(out, 0, BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether `hash` is `password`'s: `Ok(true)` or `Ok(false)`, decided by a
+ * constant-time compare of all 60 characters with the hash rebuilt from the
+ * password and `hash`'s own prefix, salt and cost. `$2a$`, `$2b$` and `$2y$`
+ * are read; an `Err` names what makes `hash` not a bcrypt hash.
+ */
+export const bcryptVerify = (password: Secret<u8[]>, hash: string): Result<boolean, string> => {
+  if (hash.length !== 60) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: a hash is 60 characters")
+  }
+  const parsed: Result<BcryptParsed, string> = bcryptParse(hash)
+  if (parsed.isErr()) {
+    return Err(parsed.error)
+  }
+  const given: u8[] = new Array<u8>(BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH)
+  let alphabet: i32 = 0
+  for (let i: i32 = 0; i < toI32(given.length) && i < toI32(hash.length); i++) {
+    const c: i32 = toI32(hash.charCodeAt(i))
+    if (i >= BCRYPT_SETTING_LENGTH) {
+      alphabet |= bcryptSextetOf(c)
+    }
+    given[i] = toU8(c)
+  }
+  if (alphabet < 0) {
+    return Err("bcrypt: the digest is not bcrypt base64")
+  }
+  const expected: u8[] = bcryptRun(password, parsed.value.prefix, parsed.value.setting)
+  return Ok(timingSafeEqual(expected, given))
+}