zig_example 0.3.2 → 0.3.3.1

data/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c

@@ -1,1891 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * 'OpenSSL for Ruby' team members
- * Copyright (C) 2003
- * All rights reserved.
- */
-/*
- * This program is licensed under the same licence as Ruby.
- * (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
- */
-#include "ossl.h"
-
-static VALUE ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset,
-			       int depth, int yield, long *num_read);
-static VALUE ossl_asn1_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
-
-/*
- * DATE conversion
- */
-VALUE
-asn1time_to_time(const ASN1_TIME *time)
-{
-    struct tm tm;
-    VALUE argv[6];
-    int count;
-
-    memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
-
-    switch (time->type) {
-    case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:
-	count = sscanf((const char *)time->data, "%2d%2d%2d%2d%2d%2dZ",
-		&tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min,
-		&tm.tm_sec);
-
-	if (count == 5) {
-	    tm.tm_sec = 0;
-	} else if (count != 6) {
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "bad UTCTIME format: \"%s\"",
-		    time->data);
-	}
-	if (tm.tm_year < 69) {
-	    tm.tm_year += 2000;
-	} else {
-	    tm.tm_year += 1900;
-	}
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
-	count = sscanf((const char *)time->data, "%4d%2d%2d%2d%2d%2dZ",
-		&tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min,
-		&tm.tm_sec);
-	if (count == 5) {
-		tm.tm_sec = 0;
-	}
-	else if (count != 6) {
-		ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "bad GENERALIZEDTIME format: \"%s\"",
-			time->data);
-	}
-	break;
-    default:
-	rb_warning("unknown time format");
-        return Qnil;
-    }
-    argv[0] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_year);
-    argv[1] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_mon);
-    argv[2] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_mday);
-    argv[3] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_hour);
-    argv[4] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_min);
-    argv[5] = INT2NUM(tm.tm_sec);
-
-    return rb_funcall2(rb_cTime, rb_intern("utc"), 6, argv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-asn1time_to_time_i(VALUE arg)
-{
-    return asn1time_to_time((ASN1_TIME *)arg);
-}
-
-void
-ossl_time_split(VALUE time, time_t *sec, int *days)
-{
-    VALUE num = rb_Integer(time);
-
-    if (FIXNUM_P(num)) {
-	time_t t = FIX2LONG(num);
-	*sec = t % 86400;
-	*days = rb_long2int(t / 86400);
-    }
-    else {
-	*days = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(num, rb_intern("/"), 1, INT2FIX(86400)));
-	*sec = NUM2TIMET(rb_funcall(num, rb_intern("%"), 1, INT2FIX(86400)));
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * STRING conversion
- */
-VALUE
-asn1str_to_str(const ASN1_STRING *str)
-{
-    return rb_str_new((const char *)str->data, str->length);
-}
-
-/*
- * ASN1_INTEGER conversions
- */
-VALUE
-asn1integer_to_num(const ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
-{
-    BIGNUM *bn;
-    VALUE num;
-
-    if (!ai) {
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "ASN1_INTEGER is NULL!");
-    }
-    if (ai->type == V_ASN1_ENUMERATED)
-	/* const_cast: workaround for old OpenSSL */
-	bn = ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN((ASN1_ENUMERATED *)ai, NULL);
-    else
-	bn = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(ai, NULL);
-
-    if (!bn)
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
-    num = ossl_bn_new(bn);
-    BN_free(bn);
-
-    return num;
-}
-
-ASN1_INTEGER *
-num_to_asn1integer(VALUE obj, ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
-{
-    BIGNUM *bn;
-
-    if (NIL_P(obj))
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't convert nil into Integer");
-
-    bn = GetBNPtr(obj);
-
-    if (!(ai = BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER(bn, ai)))
-	ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
-
-    return ai;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-asn1integer_to_num_i(VALUE arg)
-{
-    return asn1integer_to_num((ASN1_INTEGER *)arg);
-}
-
-/********/
-/*
- * ASN1 module
- */
-#define ossl_asn1_get_value(o)           rb_attr_get((o),sivVALUE)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_tag(o)             rb_attr_get((o),sivTAG)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_tagging(o)         rb_attr_get((o),sivTAGGING)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(o)       rb_attr_get((o),sivTAG_CLASS)
-#define ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(o) rb_attr_get((o),sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH)
-
-#define ossl_asn1_set_value(o,v)           rb_ivar_set((o),sivVALUE,(v))
-#define ossl_asn1_set_tag(o,v)             rb_ivar_set((o),sivTAG,(v))
-#define ossl_asn1_set_tagging(o,v)         rb_ivar_set((o),sivTAGGING,(v))
-#define ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(o,v)       rb_ivar_set((o),sivTAG_CLASS,(v))
-#define ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(o,v) rb_ivar_set((o),sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH,(v))
-
-VALUE mASN1;
-VALUE eASN1Error;
-
-VALUE cASN1Data;
-VALUE cASN1Primitive;
-VALUE cASN1Constructive;
-
-VALUE cASN1EndOfContent;
-VALUE cASN1Boolean;                           /* BOOLEAN           */
-VALUE cASN1Integer, cASN1Enumerated;          /* INTEGER           */
-VALUE cASN1BitString;                         /* BIT STRING        */
-VALUE cASN1OctetString, cASN1UTF8String;      /* STRINGs           */
-VALUE cASN1NumericString, cASN1PrintableString;
-VALUE cASN1T61String, cASN1VideotexString;
-VALUE cASN1IA5String, cASN1GraphicString;
-VALUE cASN1ISO64String, cASN1GeneralString;
-VALUE cASN1UniversalString, cASN1BMPString;
-VALUE cASN1Null;                              /* NULL              */
-VALUE cASN1ObjectId;                          /* OBJECT IDENTIFIER */
-VALUE cASN1UTCTime, cASN1GeneralizedTime;     /* TIME              */
-VALUE cASN1Sequence, cASN1Set;                /* CONSTRUCTIVE      */
-
-static VALUE sym_IMPLICIT, sym_EXPLICIT;
-static VALUE sym_UNIVERSAL, sym_APPLICATION, sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC, sym_PRIVATE;
-static ID sivVALUE, sivTAG, sivTAG_CLASS, sivTAGGING, sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH, sivUNUSED_BITS;
-static ID id_each;
-
-/*
- * Ruby to ASN1 converters
- */
-static ASN1_BOOLEAN
-obj_to_asn1bool(VALUE obj)
-{
-    if (NIL_P(obj))
-	ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't convert nil into Boolean");
-
-     return RTEST(obj) ? 0xff : 0x0;
-}
-
-static ASN1_INTEGER*
-obj_to_asn1int(VALUE obj)
-{
-    return num_to_asn1integer(obj, NULL);
-}
-
-static ASN1_BIT_STRING*
-obj_to_asn1bstr(VALUE obj, long unused_bits)
-{
-    ASN1_BIT_STRING *bstr;
-
-    if (unused_bits < 0 || unused_bits > 7)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "unused_bits for a bitstring value must be in "\
-		   "the range 0 to 7");
-    StringValue(obj);
-    if(!(bstr = ASN1_BIT_STRING_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(bstr, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LENINT(obj));
-    bstr->flags &= ~(ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT|0x07); /* clear */
-    bstr->flags |= ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT | unused_bits;
-
-    return bstr;
-}
-
-static ASN1_STRING*
-obj_to_asn1str(VALUE obj)
-{
-    ASN1_STRING *str;
-
-    StringValue(obj);
-    if(!(str = ASN1_STRING_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_STRING_set(str, RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LENINT(obj));
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-static ASN1_NULL*
-obj_to_asn1null(VALUE obj)
-{
-    ASN1_NULL *null;
-
-    if(!NIL_P(obj))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "nil expected");
-    if(!(null = ASN1_NULL_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-
-    return null;
-}
-
-static ASN1_OBJECT*
-obj_to_asn1obj(VALUE obj)
-{
-    ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj;
-
-    StringValueCStr(obj);
-    a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING_PTR(obj), 0);
-    if(!a1obj) a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING_PTR(obj), 1);
-    if(!a1obj) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid OBJECT ID %"PRIsVALUE, obj);
-
-    return a1obj;
-}
-
-static ASN1_UTCTIME *
-obj_to_asn1utime(VALUE time)
-{
-    time_t sec;
-    ASN1_UTCTIME *t;
-
-    int off_days;
-
-    ossl_time_split(time, &sec, &off_days);
-    if (!(t = ASN1_UTCTIME_adj(NULL, sec, off_days, 0)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-
-    return t;
-}
-
-static ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *
-obj_to_asn1gtime(VALUE time)
-{
-    time_t sec;
-    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *t;
-
-    int off_days;
-
-    ossl_time_split(time, &sec, &off_days);
-    if (!(t = ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj(NULL, sec, off_days, 0)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-
-    return t;
-}
-
-static ASN1_STRING*
-obj_to_asn1derstr(VALUE obj)
-{
-    ASN1_STRING *a1str;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    str = ossl_to_der(obj);
-    if(!(a1str = ASN1_STRING_new()))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_STRING_set(a1str, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str));
-
-    return a1str;
-}
-
-/*
- * DER to Ruby converters
- */
-static VALUE
-decode_bool(unsigned char* der, long length)
-{
-    const unsigned char *p = der;
-
-    if (length != 3)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid length for BOOLEAN");
-    if (p[0] != 1 || p[1] != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid BOOLEAN");
-
-    return p[2] ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_int(unsigned char* der, long length)
-{
-    ASN1_INTEGER *ai;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int status = 0;
-
-    p = der;
-    if(!(ai = d2i_ASN1_INTEGER(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ret = rb_protect(asn1integer_to_num_i,
-		     (VALUE)ai, &status);
-    ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
-    if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_bstr(unsigned char* der, long length, long *unused_bits)
-{
-    ASN1_BIT_STRING *bstr;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-    long len;
-    VALUE ret;
-
-    p = der;
-    if(!(bstr = d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    len = bstr->length;
-    *unused_bits = 0;
-    if(bstr->flags & ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT)
-	*unused_bits = bstr->flags & 0x07;
-    ret = rb_str_new((const char *)bstr->data, len);
-    ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(bstr);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_enum(unsigned char* der, long length)
-{
-    ASN1_ENUMERATED *ai;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int status = 0;
-
-    p = der;
-    if(!(ai = d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ret = rb_protect(asn1integer_to_num_i,
-		     (VALUE)ai, &status);
-    ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(ai);
-    if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_null(unsigned char* der, long length)
-{
-    ASN1_NULL *null;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-
-    p = der;
-    if(!(null = d2i_ASN1_NULL(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_NULL_free(null);
-
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_obj(unsigned char* der, long length)
-{
-    ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int nid;
-    BIO *bio;
-
-    p = der;
-    if(!(obj = d2i_ASN1_OBJECT(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    if((nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj)) != NID_undef){
-	ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-    }
-    else{
-	if(!(bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))){
-	    ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-	}
-	i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bio, obj);
-	ASN1_OBJECT_free(obj);
-	ret = ossl_membio2str(bio);
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_time(unsigned char* der, long length)
-{
-    ASN1_TIME *time;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-    VALUE ret;
-    int status = 0;
-
-    p = der;
-    if(!(time = d2i_ASN1_TIME(NULL, &p, length)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ret = rb_protect(asn1time_to_time_i,
-		     (VALUE)time, &status);
-    ASN1_TIME_free(time);
-    if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-decode_eoc(unsigned char *der, long length)
-{
-    if (length != 2 || !(der[0] == 0x00 && der[1] == 0x00))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-
-    return rb_str_new("", 0);
-}
-
-/********/
-
-typedef struct {
-    const char *name;
-    VALUE *klass;
-} ossl_asn1_info_t;
-
-static const ossl_asn1_info_t ossl_asn1_info[] = {
-    { "EOC",               &cASN1EndOfContent,    },  /*  0 */
-    { "BOOLEAN",           &cASN1Boolean,         },  /*  1 */
-    { "INTEGER",           &cASN1Integer,         },  /*  2 */
-    { "BIT_STRING",        &cASN1BitString,       },  /*  3 */
-    { "OCTET_STRING",      &cASN1OctetString,     },  /*  4 */
-    { "NULL",              &cASN1Null,            },  /*  5 */
-    { "OBJECT",            &cASN1ObjectId,        },  /*  6 */
-    { "OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR", NULL,                  },  /*  7 */
-    { "EXTERNAL",          NULL,                  },  /*  8 */
-    { "REAL",              NULL,                  },  /*  9 */
-    { "ENUMERATED",        &cASN1Enumerated,      },  /* 10 */
-    { "EMBEDDED_PDV",      NULL,                  },  /* 11 */
-    { "UTF8STRING",        &cASN1UTF8String,      },  /* 12 */
-    { "RELATIVE_OID",      NULL,                  },  /* 13 */
-    { "[UNIVERSAL 14]",    NULL,                  },  /* 14 */
-    { "[UNIVERSAL 15]",    NULL,                  },  /* 15 */
-    { "SEQUENCE",          &cASN1Sequence,        },  /* 16 */
-    { "SET",               &cASN1Set,             },  /* 17 */
-    { "NUMERICSTRING",     &cASN1NumericString,   },  /* 18 */
-    { "PRINTABLESTRING",   &cASN1PrintableString, },  /* 19 */
-    { "T61STRING",         &cASN1T61String,       },  /* 20 */
-    { "VIDEOTEXSTRING",    &cASN1VideotexString,  },  /* 21 */
-    { "IA5STRING",         &cASN1IA5String,       },  /* 22 */
-    { "UTCTIME",           &cASN1UTCTime,         },  /* 23 */
-    { "GENERALIZEDTIME",   &cASN1GeneralizedTime, },  /* 24 */
-    { "GRAPHICSTRING",     &cASN1GraphicString,   },  /* 25 */
-    { "ISO64STRING",       &cASN1ISO64String,     },  /* 26 */
-    { "GENERALSTRING",     &cASN1GeneralString,   },  /* 27 */
-    { "UNIVERSALSTRING",   &cASN1UniversalString, },  /* 28 */
-    { "CHARACTER_STRING",  NULL,                  },  /* 29 */
-    { "BMPSTRING",         &cASN1BMPString,       },  /* 30 */
-};
-
-enum {ossl_asn1_info_size = (sizeof(ossl_asn1_info)/sizeof(ossl_asn1_info[0]))};
-
-static VALUE class_tag_map;
-
-static int ossl_asn1_default_tag(VALUE obj);
-
-ASN1_TYPE*
-ossl_asn1_get_asn1type(VALUE obj)
-{
-    ASN1_TYPE *ret;
-    VALUE value, rflag;
-    void *ptr;
-    typedef void free_func_type(void *);
-    free_func_type *free_func;
-    int tag;
-
-    tag = ossl_asn1_default_tag(obj);
-    value = ossl_asn1_get_value(obj);
-    switch(tag){
-    case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
-	ptr = (void*)(VALUE)obj_to_asn1bool(value);
-	free_func = NULL;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_INTEGER:         /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1int(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_INTEGER_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
-        rflag = rb_attr_get(obj, sivUNUSED_BITS);
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1bstr(value, NUM2INT(rflag));
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_BIT_STRING_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_NULL:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1null(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_NULL_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING:    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_UTF8STRING:      /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING: /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_T61STRING:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING:  /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_IA5STRING:       /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_ISO64STRING:     /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING:   /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING: /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_BMPSTRING:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1str(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_STRING_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1obj(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_OBJECT_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1utime(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_TIME_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1gtime(value);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_TIME_free;
-	break;
-    case V_ASN1_SET:             /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case V_ASN1_SEQUENCE:
-	ptr = obj_to_asn1derstr(obj);
-	free_func = (free_func_type *)ASN1_STRING_free;
-	break;
-    default:
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "unsupported ASN.1 type");
-    }
-    if(!(ret = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(ASN1_TYPE)))){
-	if(free_func) free_func(ptr);
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_TYPE alloc failure");
-    }
-    memset(ret, 0, sizeof(ASN1_TYPE));
-    ASN1_TYPE_set(ret, tag, ptr);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static int
-ossl_asn1_default_tag(VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE tmp_class, tag;
-
-    tmp_class = CLASS_OF(obj);
-    while (!NIL_P(tmp_class)) {
-	tag = rb_hash_lookup(class_tag_map, tmp_class);
-	if (tag != Qnil)
-	    return NUM2INT(tag);
-	tmp_class = rb_class_superclass(tmp_class);
-    }
-
-    return -1;
-}
-
-static int
-ossl_asn1_tag(VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE tag;
-
-    tag = ossl_asn1_get_tag(obj);
-    if(NIL_P(tag))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "tag number not specified");
-
-    return NUM2INT(tag);
-}
-
-static int
-ossl_asn1_tag_class(VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE s;
-
-    s = ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(obj);
-    if (NIL_P(s) || s == sym_UNIVERSAL)
-	return V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
-    else if (s == sym_APPLICATION)
-	return V_ASN1_APPLICATION;
-    else if (s == sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-	return V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
-    else if (s == sym_PRIVATE)
-	return V_ASN1_PRIVATE;
-    else
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1_class2sym(int tc)
-{
-    if((tc & V_ASN1_PRIVATE) == V_ASN1_PRIVATE)
-	return sym_PRIVATE;
-    else if((tc & V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) == V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-	return sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
-    else if((tc & V_ASN1_APPLICATION) == V_ASN1_APPLICATION)
-	return sym_APPLICATION;
-    else
-	return sym_UNIVERSAL;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data.new(value, tag, tag_class) => ASN1Data
- *
- * _value_: Please have a look at Constructive and Primitive to see how Ruby
- * types are mapped to ASN.1 types and vice versa.
- *
- * _tag_: An Integer indicating the tag number.
- *
- * _tag_class_: A Symbol indicating the tag class. Please cf. ASN1 for
- * possible values.
- *
- * == Example
- *   asn1_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 2, :UNIVERSAL) # => Same as OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
- *   tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 0, :CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) # implicitly 0-tagged INTEGER
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1data_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE value, VALUE tag, VALUE tag_class)
-{
-    if(!SYMBOL_P(tag_class))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
-    ossl_asn1_set_tag(self, tag);
-    ossl_asn1_set_value(self, value);
-    ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(self, tag_class);
-    ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(self, Qfalse);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-to_der_internal(VALUE self, int constructed, int indef_len, VALUE body)
-{
-    int encoding = constructed ? indef_len ? 2 : 1 : 0;
-    int tag_class = ossl_asn1_tag_class(self);
-    int tag_number = ossl_asn1_tag(self);
-    int default_tag_number = ossl_asn1_default_tag(self);
-    int body_length, total_length;
-    VALUE str;
-    unsigned char *p;
-
-    body_length = RSTRING_LENINT(body);
-    if (ossl_asn1_get_tagging(self) == sym_EXPLICIT) {
-	int inner_length, e_encoding = indef_len ? 2 : 1;
-
-	if (default_tag_number == -1)
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "explicit tagging of unknown tag");
-
-	inner_length = ASN1_object_size(encoding, body_length, default_tag_number);
-	total_length = ASN1_object_size(e_encoding, inner_length, tag_number);
-	str = rb_str_new(NULL, total_length);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	/* Put explicit tag */
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, e_encoding, inner_length, tag_number, tag_class);
-	/* Append inner object */
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, encoding, body_length, default_tag_number, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL);
-	memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(body), body_length);
-	p += body_length;
-	if (indef_len) {
-	    ASN1_put_eoc(&p); /* For inner object */
-	    ASN1_put_eoc(&p); /* For wrapper object */
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	total_length = ASN1_object_size(encoding, body_length, tag_number);
-	str = rb_str_new(NULL, total_length);
-	p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, encoding, body_length, tag_number, tag_class);
-	memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(body), body_length);
-	p += body_length;
-	if (indef_len)
-	    ASN1_put_eoc(&p);
-    }
-    assert(p - (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str) == total_length);
-    return str;
-}
-
-static VALUE ossl_asn1prim_to_der(VALUE);
-static VALUE ossl_asn1cons_to_der(VALUE);
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    asn1.to_der => DER-encoded String
- *
- * Encodes this ASN1Data into a DER-encoded String value. The result is
- * DER-encoded except for the possibility of indefinite length forms.
- * Indefinite length forms are not allowed in strict DER, so strictly speaking
- * the result of such an encoding would be a BER-encoding.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1data_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE value = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
-
-    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rb_cArray))
-	return ossl_asn1cons_to_der(self);
-    else {
-	if (RTEST(ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(self)))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "indefinite length form cannot be used " \
-		       "with primitive encoding");
-	return ossl_asn1prim_to_der(self);
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-int_ossl_asn1_decode0_prim(unsigned char **pp, long length, long hlen, int tag,
-			   VALUE tc, long *num_read)
-{
-    VALUE value, asn1data;
-    unsigned char *p;
-    long flag = 0;
-
-    p = *pp;
-
-    if(tc == sym_UNIVERSAL && tag < ossl_asn1_info_size) {
-	switch(tag){
-	case V_ASN1_EOC:
-	    value = decode_eoc(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
-	    value = decode_bool(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_INTEGER:
-	    value = decode_int(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
-	    value = decode_bstr(p, hlen+length, &flag);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_NULL:
-	    value = decode_null(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
-	    value = decode_enum(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
-	    value = decode_obj(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:           /* FALLTHROUGH */
-	case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
-	    value = decode_time(p, hlen+length);
-	    break;
-	default:
-	    /* use original value */
-	    p += hlen;
-	    value = rb_str_new((const char *)p, length);
-	    break;
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	p += hlen;
-	value = rb_str_new((const char *)p, length);
-    }
-
-    *pp += hlen + length;
-    *num_read = hlen + length;
-
-    if (tc == sym_UNIVERSAL &&
-	tag < ossl_asn1_info_size && ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass) {
-	VALUE klass = *ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass;
-	VALUE args[4];
-	args[0] = value;
-	args[1] = INT2NUM(tag);
-	args[2] = Qnil;
-	args[3] = tc;
-	asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(klass);
-	ossl_asn1_initialize(4, args, asn1data);
-	if(tag == V_ASN1_BIT_STRING){
-	    rb_ivar_set(asn1data, sivUNUSED_BITS, LONG2NUM(flag));
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(cASN1Data);
-	ossl_asn1data_initialize(asn1data, value, INT2NUM(tag), tc);
-    }
-
-    return asn1data;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons(unsigned char **pp, long max_len, long length,
-			   long *offset, int depth, int yield, int j,
-			   int tag, VALUE tc, long *num_read)
-{
-    VALUE value, asn1data, ary;
-    int indefinite;
-    long available_len, off = *offset;
-
-    indefinite = (j == 0x21);
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-
-    available_len = indefinite ? max_len : length;
-    while (available_len > 0) {
-	long inner_read = 0;
-	value = ossl_asn1_decode0(pp, available_len, &off, depth + 1, yield, &inner_read);
-	*num_read += inner_read;
-	available_len -= inner_read;
-
-	if (indefinite &&
-	    ossl_asn1_tag(value) == V_ASN1_EOC &&
-	    ossl_asn1_get_tag_class(value) == sym_UNIVERSAL) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	rb_ary_push(ary, value);
-    }
-
-    if (tc == sym_UNIVERSAL) {
-	VALUE args[4];
-	if (tag == V_ASN1_SEQUENCE || tag == V_ASN1_SET)
-	    asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(*ossl_asn1_info[tag].klass);
-	else
-	    asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(cASN1Constructive);
-	args[0] = ary;
-	args[1] = INT2NUM(tag);
-	args[2] = Qnil;
-	args[3] = tc;
-	ossl_asn1_initialize(4, args, asn1data);
-    }
-    else {
-	asn1data = rb_obj_alloc(cASN1Data);
-	ossl_asn1data_initialize(asn1data, ary, INT2NUM(tag), tc);
-    }
-
-    if (indefinite)
-	ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(asn1data, Qtrue);
-    else
-	ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(asn1data, Qfalse);
-
-    *offset = off;
-    return asn1data;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1_decode0(unsigned char **pp, long length, long *offset, int depth,
-		  int yield, long *num_read)
-{
-    unsigned char *start, *p;
-    const unsigned char *p0;
-    long len = 0, inner_read = 0, off = *offset, hlen;
-    int tag, tc, j;
-    VALUE asn1data, tag_class;
-
-    p = *pp;
-    start = p;
-    p0 = p;
-    j = ASN1_get_object(&p0, &len, &tag, &tc, length);
-    p = (unsigned char *)p0;
-    if(j & 0x80) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    if(len > length) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "value is too short");
-    if((tc & V_ASN1_PRIVATE) == V_ASN1_PRIVATE)
-	tag_class = sym_PRIVATE;
-    else if((tc & V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) == V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-	tag_class = sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
-    else if((tc & V_ASN1_APPLICATION) == V_ASN1_APPLICATION)
-	tag_class = sym_APPLICATION;
-    else
-	tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
-
-    hlen = p - start;
-
-    if(yield) {
-	VALUE arg = rb_ary_new();
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(depth));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(*offset));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(hlen));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, LONG2NUM(len));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, (j & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-	rb_ary_push(arg, ossl_asn1_class2sym(tc));
-	rb_ary_push(arg, INT2NUM(tag));
-	rb_yield(arg);
-    }
-
-    if(j & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED) {
-	*pp += hlen;
-	off += hlen;
-	asn1data = int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons(pp, length - hlen, len, &off, depth, yield, j, tag, tag_class, &inner_read);
-	inner_read += hlen;
-    }
-    else {
-	if ((j & 0x01) && (len == 0))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "indefinite length for primitive value");
-	asn1data = int_ossl_asn1_decode0_prim(pp, len, hlen, tag, tag_class, &inner_read);
-	off += hlen + len;
-    }
-    if (num_read)
-	*num_read = inner_read;
-    if (len != 0 && inner_read != hlen + len) {
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error,
-		   "Type mismatch. Bytes read: %ld Bytes available: %ld",
-		   inner_read, hlen + len);
-    }
-
-    *offset = off;
-    return asn1data;
-}
-
-static void
-int_ossl_decode_sanity_check(long len, long read, long offset)
-{
-    if (len != 0 && (read != len || offset != len)) {
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error,
-		   "Type mismatch. Total bytes read: %ld Bytes available: %ld Offset: %ld",
-		   read, len, offset);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    OpenSSL::ASN1.traverse(asn1) -> nil
- *
- * If a block is given, it prints out each of the elements encountered.
- * Block parameters are (in that order):
- * * depth: The recursion depth, plus one with each constructed value being encountered (Integer)
- * * offset: Current byte offset (Integer)
- * * header length: Combined length in bytes of the Tag and Length headers. (Integer)
- * * length: The overall remaining length of the entire data (Integer)
- * * constructed: Whether this value is constructed or not (Boolean)
- * * tag_class: Current tag class (Symbol)
- * * tag: The current tag number (Integer)
- *
- * == Example
- *   der = File.binread('asn1data.der')
- *   OpenSSL::ASN1.traverse(der) do | depth, offset, header_len, length, constructed, tag_class, tag|
- *     puts "Depth: #{depth} Offset: #{offset} Length: #{length}"
- *     puts "Header length: #{header_len} Tag: #{tag} Tag class: #{tag_class} Constructed: #{constructed}"
- *   end
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1_traverse(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
-{
-    unsigned char *p;
-    VALUE tmp;
-    long len, read = 0, offset = 0;
-
-    obj = ossl_to_der_if_possible(obj);
-    tmp = rb_str_new4(StringValue(obj));
-    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
-    ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, len, &offset, 0, 1, &read);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(tmp);
-    int_ossl_decode_sanity_check(len, read, offset);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    OpenSSL::ASN1.decode(der) -> ASN1Data
- *
- * Decodes a BER- or DER-encoded value and creates an ASN1Data instance. _der_
- * may be a String or any object that features a +.to_der+ method transforming
- * it into a BER-/DER-encoded String+
- *
- * == Example
- *   der = File.binread('asn1data')
- *   asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1.decode(der)
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1_decode(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE ret;
-    unsigned char *p;
-    VALUE tmp;
-    long len, read = 0, offset = 0;
-
-    obj = ossl_to_der_if_possible(obj);
-    tmp = rb_str_new4(StringValue(obj));
-    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
-    ret = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, len, &offset, 0, 0, &read);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(tmp);
-    int_ossl_decode_sanity_check(len, read, offset);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    OpenSSL::ASN1.decode_all(der) -> Array of ASN1Data
- *
- * Similar to #decode with the difference that #decode expects one
- * distinct value represented in _der_. #decode_all on the contrary
- * decodes a sequence of sequential BER/DER values lined up in _der_
- * and returns them as an array.
- *
- * == Example
- *   ders = File.binread('asn1data_seq')
- *   asn1_ary = OpenSSL::ASN1.decode_all(ders)
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1_decode_all(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE ary, val;
-    unsigned char *p;
-    long len, tmp_len = 0, read = 0, offset = 0;
-    VALUE tmp;
-
-    obj = ossl_to_der_if_possible(obj);
-    tmp = rb_str_new4(StringValue(obj));
-    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
-    tmp_len = len;
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-    while (tmp_len > 0) {
-	long tmp_read = 0;
-	val = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, tmp_len, &offset, 0, 0, &tmp_read);
-	rb_ary_push(ary, val);
-	read += tmp_read;
-	tmp_len -= tmp_read;
-    }
-    RB_GC_GUARD(tmp);
-    int_ossl_decode_sanity_check(len, read, offset);
-    return ary;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive.new(value [, tag, tagging, tag_class ]) => Primitive
- *
- * _value_: is mandatory.
- *
- * _tag_: optional, may be specified for tagged values. If no _tag_ is
- * specified, the UNIVERSAL tag corresponding to the Primitive sub-class
- * is used by default.
- *
- * _tagging_: may be used as an encoding hint to encode a value either
- * explicitly or implicitly, see ASN1 for possible values.
- *
- * _tag_class_: if _tag_ and _tagging_ are +nil+ then this is set to
- * +:UNIVERSAL+ by default. If either _tag_ or _tagging_ are set then
- * +:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC+ is used as the default. For possible values please
- * cf. ASN1.
- *
- * == Example
- *   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
- *   zero_tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42, 0, :IMPLICIT)
- *   private_explicit_zero_tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42, 0, :EXPLICIT, :PRIVATE)
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE value, tag, tagging, tag_class;
-    int default_tag;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &value, &tag, &tagging, &tag_class);
-    default_tag = ossl_asn1_default_tag(self);
-
-    if (default_tag == -1 || argc > 1) {
-	if(NIL_P(tag))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "must specify tag number");
-	if(!NIL_P(tagging) && !SYMBOL_P(tagging))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tagging method");
-	if(NIL_P(tag_class)) {
-	    if (NIL_P(tagging))
-		tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
-	    else
-		tag_class = sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
-	}
-	if(!SYMBOL_P(tag_class))
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid tag class");
-    }
-    else{
-	tag = INT2NUM(default_tag);
-	tagging = Qnil;
-	tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
-    }
-    ossl_asn1_set_tag(self, tag);
-    ossl_asn1_set_value(self, value);
-    ossl_asn1_set_tagging(self, tagging);
-    ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(self, tag_class);
-    ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(self, Qfalse);
-    if (default_tag == V_ASN1_BIT_STRING)
-	rb_ivar_set(self, sivUNUSED_BITS, INT2FIX(0));
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1eoc_initialize(VALUE self) {
-    VALUE tag, tagging, tag_class, value;
-    tag = INT2FIX(0);
-    tagging = Qnil;
-    tag_class = sym_UNIVERSAL;
-    value = rb_str_new("", 0);
-    ossl_asn1_set_tag(self, tag);
-    ossl_asn1_set_value(self, value);
-    ossl_asn1_set_tagging(self, tagging);
-    ossl_asn1_set_tag_class(self, tag_class);
-    ossl_asn1_set_indefinite_length(self, Qfalse);
-    return self;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1eoc_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-    return rb_str_new("\0\0", 2);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    asn1.to_der => DER-encoded String
- *
- * See ASN1Data#to_der for details.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1prim_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-    ASN1_TYPE *asn1;
-    long alllen, bodylen;
-    unsigned char *p0, *p1;
-    int j, tag, tc, state;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    if (ossl_asn1_default_tag(self) == -1) {
-	str = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
-	return to_der_internal(self, 0, 0, StringValue(str));
-    }
-
-    asn1 = ossl_asn1_get_asn1type(self);
-    alllen = i2d_ASN1_TYPE(asn1, NULL);
-    if (alllen < 0) {
-	ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "i2d_ASN1_TYPE");
-    }
-    str = ossl_str_new(NULL, alllen, &state);
-    if (state) {
-	ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
-	rb_jump_tag(state);
-    }
-    p0 = p1 = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    i2d_ASN1_TYPE(asn1, &p0);
-    ASN1_TYPE_free(asn1);
-    assert(p0 - p1 == alllen);
-
-    /* Strip header since to_der_internal() wants only the payload */
-    j = ASN1_get_object((const unsigned char **)&p1, &bodylen, &tag, &tc, alllen);
-    if (j & 0x80)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "ASN1_get_object"); /* should not happen */
-
-    return to_der_internal(self, 0, 0, rb_str_drop_bytes(str, alllen - bodylen));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    asn1.to_der => DER-encoded String
- *
- * See ASN1Data#to_der for details.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1cons_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE ary, str;
-    long i;
-    int indef_len;
-
-    indef_len = RTEST(ossl_asn1_get_indefinite_length(self));
-    ary = rb_convert_type(ossl_asn1_get_value(self), T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_a");
-    str = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	VALUE item = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-
-	if (indef_len && rb_obj_is_kind_of(item, cASN1EndOfContent)) {
-	    if (i != RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1)
-		ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "illegal EOC octets in value");
-
-	    /*
-	     * EOC is not really part of the content, but we required to add one
-	     * at the end in the past.
-	     */
-	    break;
-	}
-
-	item = ossl_to_der_if_possible(item);
-	StringValue(item);
-	rb_str_append(str, item);
-    }
-
-    return to_der_internal(self, 1, indef_len, str);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    asn1_ary.each { |asn1| block } => asn1_ary
- *
- * Calls the given block once for each element in self, passing that element
- * as parameter _asn1_. If no block is given, an enumerator is returned
- * instead.
- *
- * == Example
- *   asn1_ary.each do |asn1|
- *     puts asn1
- *   end
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1cons_each(VALUE self)
-{
-    rb_block_call(ossl_asn1_get_value(self), id_each, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId.register(object_id, short_name, long_name)
- *
- * This adds a new ObjectId to the internal tables. Where _object_id_ is the
- * numerical form, _short_name_ is the short name, and _long_name_ is the long
- * name.
- *
- * Returns +true+ if successful. Raises an OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Error if it fails.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1obj_s_register(VALUE self, VALUE oid, VALUE sn, VALUE ln)
-{
-    StringValueCStr(oid);
-    StringValueCStr(sn);
-    StringValueCStr(ln);
-
-    if(!OBJ_create(RSTRING_PTR(oid), RSTRING_PTR(sn), RSTRING_PTR(ln)))
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    oid.sn -> string
- *    oid.short_name -> string
- *
- * The short name of the ObjectId, as defined in <openssl/objects.h>.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1obj_get_sn(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE val, ret = Qnil;
-    int nid;
-
-    val = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
-    if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(val))) != NID_undef)
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    oid.ln -> string
- *    oid.long_name -> string
- *
- * The long name of the ObjectId, as defined in <openssl/objects.h>.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1obj_get_ln(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE val, ret = Qnil;
-    int nid;
-
-    val = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
-    if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(val))) != NID_undef)
-	ret = rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2ln(nid));
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     oid == other_oid => true or false
- *
- *  Returns +true+ if _other_oid_ is the same as _oid_
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1obj_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
-{
-    VALUE valSelf, valOther;
-    int nidSelf, nidOther;
-
-    valSelf = ossl_asn1_get_value(self);
-    valOther = ossl_asn1_get_value(other);
-
-    if ((nidSelf = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(valSelf))) == NID_undef)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "OBJ_txt2nid");
-
-    if ((nidOther = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValueCStr(valOther))) == NID_undef)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "OBJ_txt2nid");
-
-    return nidSelf == nidOther ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-asn1obj_get_oid_i(VALUE vobj)
-{
-    ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj = (void *)vobj;
-    VALUE str;
-    int len;
-
-    str = rb_usascii_str_new(NULL, 127);
-    len = OBJ_obj2txt(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str), a1obj, 1);
-    if (len <= 0 || len == INT_MAX)
-	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "OBJ_obj2txt");
-    if (len > RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
-	/* +1 is for the \0 terminator added by OBJ_obj2txt() */
-	rb_str_resize(str, len + 1);
-	len = OBJ_obj2txt(RSTRING_PTR(str), len + 1, a1obj, 1);
-	if (len <= 0)
-	    ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "OBJ_obj2txt");
-    }
-    rb_str_set_len(str, len);
-    return str;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    oid.oid -> string
- *
- * Returns a String representing the Object Identifier in the dot notation,
- * e.g. "1.2.3.4.5"
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_asn1obj_get_oid(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE str;
-    ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj;
-    int state;
-
-    a1obj = obj_to_asn1obj(ossl_asn1_get_value(self));
-    str = rb_protect(asn1obj_get_oid_i, (VALUE)a1obj, &state);
-    ASN1_OBJECT_free(a1obj);
-    if (state)
-	rb_jump_tag(state);
-    return str;
-}
-
-#define OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(klass) \
-static VALUE ossl_asn1_##klass(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)\
-{ return rb_funcall3(cASN1##klass, rb_intern("new"), argc, argv); }
-
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Boolean)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Integer)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Enumerated)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(BitString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(OctetString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(UTF8String)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(NumericString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(PrintableString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(T61String)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(VideotexString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(IA5String)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(GraphicString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(ISO64String)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(GeneralString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(UniversalString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(BMPString)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Null)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(ObjectId)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(UTCTime)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(GeneralizedTime)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Sequence)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(Set)
-OSSL_ASN1_IMPL_FACTORY_METHOD(EndOfContent)
-
-void
-Init_ossl_asn1(void)
-{
-#undef rb_intern
-    VALUE ary;
-    int i;
-
-#if 0
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
-#endif
-
-    sym_UNIVERSAL = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("UNIVERSAL"));
-    sym_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("CONTEXT_SPECIFIC"));
-    sym_APPLICATION = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("APPLICATION"));
-    sym_PRIVATE = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("PRIVATE"));
-    sym_EXPLICIT = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("EXPLICIT"));
-    sym_IMPLICIT = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("IMPLICIT"));
-
-    sivVALUE = rb_intern("@value");
-    sivTAG = rb_intern("@tag");
-    sivTAGGING = rb_intern("@tagging");
-    sivTAG_CLASS = rb_intern("@tag_class");
-    sivINDEFINITE_LENGTH = rb_intern("@indefinite_length");
-    sivUNUSED_BITS = rb_intern("@unused_bits");
-
-    /*
-     * Document-module: OpenSSL::ASN1
-     *
-     * Abstract Syntax Notation One (or ASN.1) is a notation syntax to
-     * describe data structures and is defined in ITU-T X.680. ASN.1 itself
-     * does not mandate any encoding or parsing rules, but usually ASN.1 data
-     * structures are encoded using the Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) or
-     * less often the Basic Encoding Rules (BER) described in ITU-T X.690. DER
-     * and BER encodings are binary Tag-Length-Value (TLV) encodings that are
-     * quite concise compared to other popular data description formats such
-     * as XML, JSON etc.
-     * ASN.1 data structures are very common in cryptographic applications,
-     * e.g. X.509 public key certificates or certificate revocation lists
-     * (CRLs) are all defined in ASN.1 and DER-encoded. ASN.1, DER and BER are
-     * the building blocks of applied cryptography.
-     * The ASN1 module provides the necessary classes that allow generation
-     * of ASN.1 data structures and the methods to encode them using a DER
-     * encoding. The decode method allows parsing arbitrary BER-/DER-encoded
-     * data to a Ruby object that can then be modified and re-encoded at will.
-     *
-     * == ASN.1 class hierarchy
-     *
-     * The base class representing ASN.1 structures is ASN1Data. ASN1Data offers
-     * attributes to read and set the _tag_, the _tag_class_ and finally the
-     * _value_ of a particular ASN.1 item. Upon parsing, any tagged values
-     * (implicit or explicit) will be represented by ASN1Data instances because
-     * their "real type" can only be determined using out-of-band information
-     * from the ASN.1 type declaration. Since this information is normally
-     * known when encoding a type, all sub-classes of ASN1Data offer an
-     * additional attribute _tagging_ that allows to encode a value implicitly
-     * (+:IMPLICIT+) or explicitly (+:EXPLICIT+).
-     *
-     * === Constructive
-     *
-     * Constructive is, as its name implies, the base class for all
-     * constructed encodings, i.e. those that consist of several values,
-     * opposed to "primitive" encodings with just one single value. The value of
-     * an Constructive is always an Array.
-     *
-     * ==== ASN1::Set and ASN1::Sequence
-     *
-     * The most common constructive encodings are SETs and SEQUENCEs, which is
-     * why there are two sub-classes of Constructive representing each of
-     * them.
-     *
-     * === Primitive
-     *
-     * This is the super class of all primitive values. Primitive
-     * itself is not used when parsing ASN.1 data, all values are either
-     * instances of a corresponding sub-class of Primitive or they are
-     * instances of ASN1Data if the value was tagged implicitly or explicitly.
-     * Please cf. Primitive documentation for details on sub-classes and
-     * their respective mappings of ASN.1 data types to Ruby objects.
-     *
-     * == Possible values for _tagging_
-     *
-     * When constructing an ASN1Data object the ASN.1 type definition may
-     * require certain elements to be either implicitly or explicitly tagged.
-     * This can be achieved by setting the _tagging_ attribute manually for
-     * sub-classes of ASN1Data. Use the symbol +:IMPLICIT+ for implicit
-     * tagging and +:EXPLICIT+ if the element requires explicit tagging.
-     *
-     * == Possible values for _tag_class_
-     *
-     * It is possible to create arbitrary ASN1Data objects that also support
-     * a PRIVATE or APPLICATION tag class. Possible values for the _tag_class_
-     * attribute are:
-     * * +:UNIVERSAL+ (the default for untagged values)
-     * * +:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC+ (the default for tagged values)
-     * * +:APPLICATION+
-     * * +:PRIVATE+
-     *
-     * == Tag constants
-     *
-     * There is a constant defined for each universal tag:
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::EOC (0)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::BOOLEAN (1)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::INTEGER (2)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::BIT_STRING (3)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::OCTET_STRING (4)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::NULL (5)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::OBJECT (6)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::ENUMERATED (10)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::UTF8STRING (12)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::SEQUENCE (16)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::SET (17)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::NUMERICSTRING (18)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::PRINTABLESTRING (19)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::T61STRING (20)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::VIDEOTEXSTRING (21)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::IA5STRING (22)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::UTCTIME (23)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::GENERALIZEDTIME (24)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::GRAPHICSTRING (25)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::ISO64STRING (26)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::GENERALSTRING (27)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::UNIVERSALSTRING (28)
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::BMPSTRING (30)
-     *
-     * == UNIVERSAL_TAG_NAME constant
-     *
-     * An Array that stores the name of a given tag number. These names are
-     * the same as the name of the tag constant that is additionally defined,
-     * e.g. <tt>UNIVERSAL_TAG_NAME[2] = "INTEGER"</tt> and <tt>OpenSSL::ASN1::INTEGER = 2</tt>.
-     *
-     * == Example usage
-     *
-     * === Decoding and viewing a DER-encoded file
-     *   require 'openssl'
-     *   require 'pp'
-     *   der = File.binread('data.der')
-     *   asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1.decode(der)
-     *   pp der
-     *
-     * === Creating an ASN.1 structure and DER-encoding it
-     *   require 'openssl'
-     *   version = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(1)
-     *   # Explicitly 0-tagged implies context-specific tag class
-     *   serial = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(12345, 0, :EXPLICIT, :CONTEXT_SPECIFIC)
-     *   name = OpenSSL::ASN1::PrintableString.new('Data 1')
-     *   sequence = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new( [ version, serial, name ] )
-     *   der = sequence.to_der
-     */
-    mASN1 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "ASN1");
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Error
-     *
-     * Generic error class for all errors raised in ASN1 and any of the
-     * classes defined in it.
-     */
-    eASN1Error = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "ASN1Error", eOSSLError);
-    rb_define_module_function(mASN1, "traverse", ossl_asn1_traverse, 1);
-    rb_define_module_function(mASN1, "decode", ossl_asn1_decode, 1);
-    rb_define_module_function(mASN1, "decode_all", ossl_asn1_decode_all, 1);
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-
-    /*
-     * Array storing tag names at the tag's index.
-     */
-    rb_define_const(mASN1, "UNIVERSAL_TAG_NAME", ary);
-    for(i = 0; i < ossl_asn1_info_size; i++){
-	if(ossl_asn1_info[i].name[0] == '[') continue;
-	rb_define_const(mASN1, ossl_asn1_info[i].name, INT2NUM(i));
-	rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_str_new2(ossl_asn1_info[i].name));
-    }
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data
-     *
-     * The top-level class representing any ASN.1 object. When parsed by
-     * ASN1.decode, tagged values are always represented by an instance
-     * of ASN1Data.
-     *
-     * == The role of ASN1Data for parsing tagged values
-     *
-     * When encoding an ASN.1 type it is inherently clear what original
-     * type (e.g. INTEGER, OCTET STRING etc.) this value has, regardless
-     * of its tagging.
-     * But opposed to the time an ASN.1 type is to be encoded, when parsing
-     * them it is not possible to deduce the "real type" of tagged
-     * values. This is why tagged values are generally parsed into ASN1Data
-     * instances, but with a different outcome for implicit and explicit
-     * tagging.
-     *
-     * === Example of a parsed implicitly tagged value
-     *
-     * An implicitly 1-tagged INTEGER value will be parsed as an
-     * ASN1Data with
-     * * _tag_ equal to 1
-     * * _tag_class_ equal to +:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC+
-     * * _value_ equal to a String that carries the raw encoding
-     *   of the INTEGER.
-     * This implies that a subsequent decoding step is required to
-     * completely decode implicitly tagged values.
-     *
-     * === Example of a parsed explicitly tagged value
-     *
-     * An explicitly 1-tagged INTEGER value will be parsed as an
-     * ASN1Data with
-     * * _tag_ equal to 1
-     * * _tag_class_ equal to +:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC+
-     * * _value_ equal to an Array with one single element, an
-     *   instance of OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer, i.e. the inner element
-     *   is the non-tagged primitive value, and the tagging is represented
-     *   in the outer ASN1Data
-     *
-     * == Example - Decoding an implicitly tagged INTEGER
-     *   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(1, 0, :IMPLICIT) # implicit 0-tagged
-     *   seq = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new( [int] )
-     *   der = seq.to_der
-     *   asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1.decode(der)
-     *   # pp asn1 => #<OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence:0x87326e0
-     *   #              @indefinite_length=false,
-     *   #              @tag=16,
-     *   #              @tag_class=:UNIVERSAL,
-     *   #              @tagging=nil,
-     *   #              @value=
-     *   #                [#<OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data:0x87326f4
-     *   #                   @indefinite_length=false,
-     *   #                   @tag=0,
-     *   #                   @tag_class=:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC,
-     *   #                   @value="\x01">]>
-     *   raw_int = asn1.value[0]
-     *   # manually rewrite tag and tag class to make it an UNIVERSAL value
-     *   raw_int.tag = OpenSSL::ASN1::INTEGER
-     *   raw_int.tag_class = :UNIVERSAL
-     *   int2 = OpenSSL::ASN1.decode(raw_int)
-     *   puts int2.value # => 1
-     *
-     * == Example - Decoding an explicitly tagged INTEGER
-     *   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(1, 0, :EXPLICIT) # explicit 0-tagged
-     *   seq = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new( [int] )
-     *   der = seq.to_der
-     *   asn1 = OpenSSL::ASN1.decode(der)
-     *   # pp asn1 => #<OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence:0x87326e0
-     *   #              @indefinite_length=false,
-     *   #              @tag=16,
-     *   #              @tag_class=:UNIVERSAL,
-     *   #              @tagging=nil,
-     *   #              @value=
-     *   #                [#<OpenSSL::ASN1::ASN1Data:0x87326f4
-     *   #                   @indefinite_length=false,
-     *   #                   @tag=0,
-     *   #                   @tag_class=:CONTEXT_SPECIFIC,
-     *   #                   @value=
-     *   #                     [#<OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer:0x85bf308
-     *   #                        @indefinite_length=false,
-     *   #                        @tag=2,
-     *   #                        @tag_class=:UNIVERSAL
-     *   #                        @tagging=nil,
-     *   #                        @value=1>]>]>
-     *   int2 = asn1.value[0].value[0]
-     *   puts int2.value # => 1
-     */
-    cASN1Data = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "ASN1Data", rb_cObject);
-    /*
-     * Carries the value of a ASN.1 type.
-     * Please confer Constructive and Primitive for the mappings between
-     * ASN.1 data types and Ruby classes.
-     */
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("value"), 1, 1, 0);
-    /*
-     * An Integer representing the tag number of this ASN1Data. Never +nil+.
-     */
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag"), 1, 1, 0);
-    /*
-     * A Symbol representing the tag class of this ASN1Data. Never +nil+.
-     * See ASN1Data for possible values.
-     */
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag_class"), 1, 1, 0);
-    /*
-     * Never +nil+. A boolean value indicating whether the encoding uses
-     * indefinite length (in the case of parsing) or whether an indefinite
-     * length form shall be used (in the encoding case).
-     * In DER, every value uses definite length form. But in scenarios where
-     * large amounts of data need to be transferred it might be desirable to
-     * have some kind of streaming support available.
-     * For example, huge OCTET STRINGs are preferably sent in smaller-sized
-     * chunks, each at a time.
-     * This is possible in BER by setting the length bytes of an encoding
-     * to zero and by this indicating that the following value will be
-     * sent in chunks. Indefinite length encodings are always constructed.
-     * The end of such a stream of chunks is indicated by sending a EOC
-     * (End of Content) tag. SETs and SEQUENCEs may use an indefinite length
-     * encoding, but also primitive types such as e.g. OCTET STRINGS or
-     * BIT STRINGS may leverage this functionality (cf. ITU-T X.690).
-     */
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("indefinite_length"), 1, 1, 0);
-    rb_define_alias(cASN1Data, "infinite_length", "indefinite_length");
-    rb_define_alias(cASN1Data, "infinite_length=", "indefinite_length=");
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Data, "initialize", ossl_asn1data_initialize, 3);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Data, "to_der", ossl_asn1data_to_der, 0);
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive
-     *
-     * The parent class for all primitive encodings. Attributes are the same as
-     * for ASN1Data, with the addition of _tagging_.
-     * Primitive values can never be encoded with indefinite length form, thus
-     * it is not possible to set the _indefinite_length_ attribute for Primitive
-     * and its sub-classes.
-     *
-     * == Primitive sub-classes and their mapping to Ruby classes
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::EndOfContent    <=> _value_ is always +nil+
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Boolean         <=> _value_ is +true+ or +false+
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer         <=> _value_ is an OpenSSL::BN
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::BitString       <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::OctetString     <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Null            <=> _value_ is always +nil+
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Object          <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Enumerated      <=> _value_ is an OpenSSL::BN
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::UTF8String      <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::NumericString   <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::PrintableString <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::T61String       <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::VideotexString  <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::IA5String       <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::UTCTime         <=> _value_ is a Time
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::GeneralizedTime <=> _value_ is a Time
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::GraphicString   <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::ISO64String     <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::GeneralString   <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::UniversalString <=> _value_ is a String
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::BMPString       <=> _value_ is a String
-     *
-     * == OpenSSL::ASN1::BitString
-     *
-     * === Additional attributes
-     * _unused_bits_: if the underlying BIT STRING's
-     * length is a multiple of 8 then _unused_bits_ is 0. Otherwise
-     * _unused_bits_ indicates the number of bits that are to be ignored in
-     * the final octet of the BitString's _value_.
-     *
-     * == OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId
-     *
-     * NOTE: While OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId.new will allocate a new ObjectId,
-     * it is not typically allocated this way, but rather that are received from
-     * parsed ASN1 encodings.
-     *
-     * === Additional attributes
-     * * _sn_: the short name as defined in <openssl/objects.h>.
-     * * _ln_: the long name as defined in <openssl/objects.h>.
-     * * _oid_: the object identifier as a String, e.g. "1.2.3.4.5"
-     * * _short_name_: alias for _sn_.
-     * * _long_name_: alias for _ln_.
-     *
-     * == Examples
-     * With the Exception of OpenSSL::ASN1::EndOfContent, each Primitive class
-     * constructor takes at least one parameter, the _value_.
-     *
-     * === Creating EndOfContent
-     *   eoc = OpenSSL::ASN1::EndOfContent.new
-     *
-     * === Creating any other Primitive
-     *   prim = <class>.new(value) # <class> being one of the sub-classes except EndOfContent
-     *   prim_zero_tagged_implicit = <class>.new(value, 0, :IMPLICIT)
-     *   prim_zero_tagged_explicit = <class>.new(value, 0, :EXPLICIT)
-     */
-    cASN1Primitive = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "Primitive", cASN1Data);
-    /*
-     * May be used as a hint for encoding a value either implicitly or
-     * explicitly by setting it either to +:IMPLICIT+ or to +:EXPLICIT+.
-     * _tagging_ is not set when a ASN.1 structure is parsed using
-     * OpenSSL::ASN1.decode.
-     */
-    rb_attr(cASN1Primitive, rb_intern("tagging"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
-    rb_undef_method(cASN1Primitive, "indefinite_length=");
-    rb_undef_method(cASN1Primitive, "infinite_length=");
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Primitive, "initialize", ossl_asn1_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Primitive, "to_der", ossl_asn1prim_to_der, 0);
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::Constructive
-     *
-     * The parent class for all constructed encodings. The _value_ attribute
-     * of a Constructive is always an Array. Attributes are the same as
-     * for ASN1Data, with the addition of _tagging_.
-     *
-     * == SET and SEQUENCE
-     *
-     * Most constructed encodings come in the form of a SET or a SEQUENCE.
-     * These encodings are represented by one of the two sub-classes of
-     * Constructive:
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Set
-     * * OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence
-     * Please note that tagged sequences and sets are still parsed as
-     * instances of ASN1Data. Find further details on tagged values
-     * there.
-     *
-     * === Example - constructing a SEQUENCE
-     *   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(1)
-     *   str = OpenSSL::ASN1::PrintableString.new('abc')
-     *   sequence = OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence.new( [ int, str ] )
-     *
-     * === Example - constructing a SET
-     *   int = OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(1)
-     *   str = OpenSSL::ASN1::PrintableString.new('abc')
-     *   set = OpenSSL::ASN1::Set.new( [ int, str ] )
-     */
-    cASN1Constructive = rb_define_class_under(mASN1,"Constructive", cASN1Data);
-    rb_include_module(cASN1Constructive, rb_mEnumerable);
-    /*
-     * May be used as a hint for encoding a value either implicitly or
-     * explicitly by setting it either to +:IMPLICIT+ or to +:EXPLICIT+.
-     * _tagging_ is not set when a ASN.1 structure is parsed using
-     * OpenSSL::ASN1.decode.
-     */
-    rb_attr(cASN1Constructive, rb_intern("tagging"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Constructive, "initialize", ossl_asn1_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Constructive, "to_der", ossl_asn1cons_to_der, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1Constructive, "each", ossl_asn1cons_each, 0);
-
-#define OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(name, super) \
-do{\
-    cASN1##name = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, #name, cASN1##super);\
-    rb_define_module_function(mASN1, #name, ossl_asn1_##name, -1);\
-}while(0)
-
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(Boolean, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(Integer, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(Enumerated, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(BitString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(OctetString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(UTF8String, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(NumericString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(PrintableString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(T61String, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(VideotexString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(IA5String, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(GraphicString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(ISO64String, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(GeneralString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(UniversalString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(BMPString, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(Null, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(ObjectId, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(UTCTime, Primitive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(GeneralizedTime, Primitive);
-
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(Sequence, Constructive);
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(Set, Constructive);
-
-    OSSL_ASN1_DEFINE_CLASS(EndOfContent, Data);
-
-
-    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId
-     *
-     * Represents the primitive object id for OpenSSL::ASN1
-     */
-#if 0
-    cASN1ObjectId = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "ObjectId", cASN1Primitive);  /* let rdoc know */
-#endif
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cASN1ObjectId, "register", ossl_asn1obj_s_register, 3);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1ObjectId, "sn", ossl_asn1obj_get_sn, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1ObjectId, "ln", ossl_asn1obj_get_ln, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1ObjectId, "oid", ossl_asn1obj_get_oid, 0);
-    rb_define_alias(cASN1ObjectId, "short_name", "sn");
-    rb_define_alias(cASN1ObjectId, "long_name", "ln");
-    rb_define_method(cASN1ObjectId, "==", ossl_asn1obj_eq, 1);
-    rb_attr(cASN1BitString, rb_intern("unused_bits"), 1, 1, 0);
-
-    rb_define_method(cASN1EndOfContent, "initialize", ossl_asn1eoc_initialize, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cASN1EndOfContent, "to_der", ossl_asn1eoc_to_der, 0);
-
-    class_tag_map = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(class_tag_map);
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1EndOfContent, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_EOC));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Boolean, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_BOOLEAN));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Integer, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_INTEGER));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1BitString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_BIT_STRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1OctetString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Null, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_NULL));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1ObjectId, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_OBJECT));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Enumerated, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_ENUMERATED));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1UTF8String, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_UTF8STRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Sequence, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_SEQUENCE));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1Set, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_SET));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1NumericString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1PrintableString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1T61String, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_T61STRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1VideotexString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1IA5String, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_IA5STRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1UTCTime, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_UTCTIME));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1GeneralizedTime, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1GraphicString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1ISO64String, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_ISO64STRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1GeneralString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1UniversalString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING));
-    rb_hash_aset(class_tag_map, cASN1BMPString, INT2NUM(V_ASN1_BMPSTRING));
-
-    id_each = rb_intern_const("each");
-}