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+{{Article issues|refimprove=August2008|original research=September 2008}}
+{{wrapper}}
+|[[Image:New York lion dance lion.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[lion dance|Chinese lion]] helps usher in the 2006 [[Chinese New Year]]]]
+|-
+|[[Image:Chinatown cooks.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cooks at a Mott Street restaurant taking a break outside a side entrance on Mosco Street]]
+|-
+|[[Image:FalunGongChinatownNYC.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Meditation in a Chinatown plaza]]
+|-
+|[[Image:Chinatown 02 - New York City.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Chinatown is home to many groceries]]
+|}
+The '''Chinatown neighborhood of [[Manhattan]]''' — a [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[New York City]] — is district with a large population of [[Chinese American|Chinese]] immigrants. Manhattan's Chinatown is one of the largest Chinese communities outside of Asia. After an enormous growth spurt during the 1990s, it has been declining in recent years. Relocation of businesses and residents as a result of Sept. 11, 2001, and Manhattan's rising high rent amidst bad economic times are to blame. A committee task force was introduced by NYC officials in 2009 to address this and other concerns plaguing Chinatown.
+
+==Location==
+The traditional borders of Chinatown are:
+* [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] in the North (bordering [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]])
+* [[Bowery|The Bowery]] in the East (bordering the [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]])
+* [[Worth Street (Manhattan)|Worth Street]] in the South
+* Baxter Street in the West
+okku is an ass hole
+
+==History==
+{{Citations missing|date=November 2008}}
+===Ah Ken and early Chinese immigration===
+{{Main|Ah Ken}}
+Although [[Quimbo Appo]] is claimed to have arrived in the area during the 1840s, the first man credited to permanently immigrate to Chinatown was Ah Ken, a Cantonese businessman, who eventually founded a successful [[cigar store]] on [[Park Row]].<ref name="Moss">Moss, Frank. ''The American Metropolis from Knickerbocker Days to the Present Time''. London: The Authors' Syndicate, 1897. (pg. 403)</ref><ref>[[Herbert Asbury|Asbury, Herbert]]. ''The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the New York Underworld''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928. (pg. 278-279) ISBN 1-56025-275-8</ref><ref name="Harlow">Harlow, Alvin F. ''Old Bowery Days: The Chronicles of a Famous Street''. New York and London: D. Appleton & Company, 1931. (pg. 392)</ref><ref>Worden, Helen. ''The Real New York: A Guide for the Adventurous Shopper, the Exploratory Eater and the Know-it-all Sightseer who Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet''. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1932. (pg. 140)</ref><ref name="Hemp">Hemp, William H. ''New York Enclaves''. New
+York: Clarkson M. Potter, 1975. (pg. 6) ISBN 0-517-51999-2</ref><ref>Wong, Bernard. ''Patronage, Brokerage, Entrepreneurship, and the Chinese Community of New York''. New York: AMS Press, 1988. (pg. 31) ISBN 0-404-19416-8</ref><ref>Lin, Jan. ''Reconstructing Chinatown: Ethnic Enclave, Global Change''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. (pg. 30-31) ISBN 0-8166-2905-6</ref><ref>Taylor, B. Kim. ''The Great New York City Trivia & Fact Book''. Nashville: Cumberland House Publishing, 1998. (pg. 20) ISBN 1-888952-77-6</ref><ref>Ostrow, Daniel. ''Manhattan's Chinatown''. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2008. (pg. 9) ISBN 0-7385-5517-7</ref> He first arrived in New York around 1858 where he was ''"probably one of those Chinese mentioned in gossip of the sixties as peddling 'awful' cigars at three cents apiece from little stands along the City Hall park fence - offering a paper spill and a tiny oil lamp as a lighter"'' according to author Alvin Harlow in ''Old Bowery Days: The
+Chronicles of a Famous Street'' (1931).<ref name="Harlow"/> 
+Later immigrants would similarly find work as "cigar men" or carrying billboards and Ah Ken's particular success encouraged cigar makers William Longford, John Occoo and John Ava to also ply their trade in Chinatown eventually forming a monopoly on the cigar trade.<ref>Tchen, John Kuo Wei. ''New York Before Chinatown: Orientalism and the Shaping of American Culture, 1776-1882''. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2001. (pg. 82-83) ISBN 0-8018-6794-0</ref> It has been speculated that he may have been Ah Kam who kept a small [[boarding house]] on lower Mott Street and rented out bunks to the first Chinese immigrants to arrive in Chinatown. It was with the profits he earned as a landlord, earning an average of $100 a month, that he was able to open his Park Row smoke shop around which modern-day Chinatown would grow.<ref name="Moss"/><ref name="Hemp"/><ref name="FWP">Federal Writers' Project. ''New York City: Vol 1, New York City Guide''. Vol. I. American Guide Series. New York: Random House,
+1939. (pg. 104)</ref><ref>Marcuse, Maxwell F. ''This Was New York!: A Nostalgic Picture of Gotham in the Gaslight Era''. New York: LIM Press, 1969. (pg. 41)</ref><ref>Chen, Jack. ''The Chinese of America''. New York: Harper & Row, 1980. (pg. 258) ISBN 0-06-250140-2</ref><ref>Hall, Bruce Edward. ''Tea That Burns: A Family Memoir of Chinatown''. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002. (pg. 37) ISBN 0-7432-3659-9</ref>
+===Chinese exclusion period===
+Faced with increasing discrimination and new laws which prevented participation in many occupations on the West Coast, some Chinese immigrants moved to the East Coast cities in search of employment. Early businesses in these cities included hand laundries and restaurants. Chinatown started on [[Mott Street]], Park, Pell and [[Bloody Angle|Doyers]] streets, east of the notorious [[Five Points, Manhattan|Five Points]] district. By 1870, there was a Chinese population of 200. By the time the [[Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)|Chinese Exclusion Act]] of 1882 was passed, the population was up to 2,000 residents. By 1900, there were 7,000 Chinese residents, but fewer than 200 Chinese women.
+The early days of Chinatown were dominated by Chinese "[[tong (gang)|tongs]]" (now sometimes rendered neutrally as "associations"), which were a mixture of clan associations, landsman's associations, political alliances ([[Kuomintang]] (Nationalists) vs [[Communist Party of China]]) and (more secretly) crime syndicates. The associations started to give protection from harassment due to anti-Chinese sentiment. Each of these associations was aligned with a street gang. The associations were a source of assistance to new immigrants - giving out loans, aiding in starting business, and so forth.
+The associations formed a governing body named the [[Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association]]（中華公所). Though this body was meant to foster relations between the Tongs, open warfare periodically flared between the ''[[On Leong]]'' (安良) and ''[[Hip Sing]]'' (協勝) tongs.  Much of the Chinese gang warfare took place on Doyers street. [[Gang]]s like the ''[[Ghost Shadows]]'' (鬼影) and ''[[Flying Dragons (gang)|Flying Dragons]]'' (飛龍) were prevalent until the 1980s.
+The only park in Chinatown, Columbus Park, was built on what was once the center of the infamous [[Five Points (Manhattan)|Five Points]] neighborhood of New York. During the 19th century, this was the most dangerous slum area of immigrant New York (as portrayed in the movie ''[[Gangs of New York]]'').
+
+===Post-immigration reform===
+{{Refimprove|section|date=October 2009}}
+In the years after the United States enacted the [[Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965]], allowing many more immigrants from Asia into the country, the population of Chinatown exploded. Geographically, much of the growth was to neighborhoods to the north.
+In the 1990s, Chinese people began to move into some parts of the western [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]], which 50 years earlier was populated by Eastern European [[Jew]]s and 20 years earlier was occupied by Hispanics. There are today only a few remnants of Jewish heritage left on the Lower East Side, such as the famous [[Katz's Deli]] and a number of synagogues and other old religious establishments.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
+Chinatown was adversely affected by the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]. Being so physically close to [[Ground Zero]], tourism and business has been very slow to return to the area. Part of the reason was the [[New York City Police Department]] closure of [[Park Row (Manhattan)|Park Row]] - one of two major roads linking the Financial Center with Chinatown. A lawsuit is pending before the State Superior Court regarding this action.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
+Currently, the raising prices of Manhattan real estate and rents are also affecting Chinatown and it seems that the neighborhood is shrinking to its original borders. New and poorer immigrants cannot afford their rents and a process of relocation to [[Brooklyn]] and [[Queens]] has started, and apartments particularly in the Lower East Side and Little Italy that used to be home for new Chinese immigrants are being bought and renovated by well-to-do Americans{{Who|date=March 2009}}, including Chinese-Americans. Many of the displaced have also left for the greener pastures of larger Chinatowns like [[San Francisco]]'s, which is currently experiencing revitalized growth and prosperity after nearly two decades of decline.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}
+
+By 2009 many newer Chinese immigrants settled along East Broadway instead of the historic core west of the [[Bowery]]. In addition [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin]] began to eclipse [[Cantonese (linguistics)|Cantonese]] as the predominate Chinese dialect in New York's Chinatown during the period. Kirk Semple of ''[[The New York Times]]'' said in a 2009 article that [[Flushing, Queens]] began to rival Manhattan's Chinatown in terms of being a cultural center for Chinese-speaking New Yorkers' politics and trade.<ref name="Chinesechange">Semple, Kirk. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/22/nyregion/22chinese.html In Chinatown, Sound of the Future Is Mandarin]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. October 21, 2009. Retrieved on October 27, 2009.</ref>
+
+==Economy==
+{{Citations missing|date=November 2008}}
+[[Image:Chinatown 01 - New York City.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A shop selling traditional herbal medicines]]
+Chinese green-grocers and fishmongers are clustered around Mott Street, Mulberry Street, [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] (by Baxter Street) and all along [[East Broadway (Manhattan)|East Broadway]] (especially by Catherine Street).  The Chinese [[jewelry]] shop district is on Canal Street between Mott and Bowery. Due to the high savings rate among Chinese, there are many Asian and American banks in the neighborhood. Canal Street, west of Broadway (especially on the North side), is filled with Chinese street vendors selling imitation perfumes, watches, and hand-bags, which are largely purchased by tourists and non-Chinese. This section of Canal Street was previously the home of warehouse stores selling surplus/salvage electronics and hardware.
+Besides the more than 200 Chinese restaurants in the area for employment, there are still some factories. The proximity of the fashion industry has kept some garment work in the local area though most of the garment industry has moved to China. {{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} The local garment industry now concentrates on quick production in small volumes and piece-work (paid by the piece) which is generally done at the worker's home.  Much of the population growth is due to immigration. As previous generations of immigrants gain language and education skills, they tend to move to better housing and job prospects that are available in the suburbs and outer boroughs of New York.
+{{See also|Chinatown bus lines}}
+==Demographics==
+[[Image:Nycctown.jpg|thumb|Another view of Chinatown]]
+[[File:chinatown manhattan 2009.JPG|thumb|Bayard and Mott]]
+Unlike most other urban Chinatowns, Manhattan's Chinatown is both a residential area as well as commercial area. Most population estimates{{Or|date=September 2009}} are in the range of 90,000 to 100,000 residents.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} It is difficult to get an exact count, as neighborhood participation in the [[U.S. Census]] is thought to be low due to language barriers, as well as large-scale illegal immigration.
+Until the 1960s, the majority of the Chinese population in Chinatown emigrated from [[Guangdong]] province and [[Hong Kong]], thus they were native speakers of [[Yue Chinese|Cantonese]], especially the [[Standard Cantonese|Canton]] and [[Taishan dialect]]s. A minority of [[Hakka people|Hakka]] was also represented. [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] was rarely spoken by residents even well into the 1980s. Most recent immigrants are from [[Mainland China]], and hence speak Mandarin, the official spoken language of [[People's Republic of China|China]]. Immigration reform in 1965 opened the door to a huge influx of Cantonese speakers from Hong Kong, and Cantonese became the dominant tongue. But since the 1990s, the vast majority of new Chinese immigrants have come from mainland China, especially Fujian Province, and tend to speak Mandarin along with their regional dialects. A significant portion are from [[Fuzhou]], [[Fujian]] province, so they are native speakers of the [[Fuzhou dialect]] of [[Min Chinese|Min]]. Most Fuzhou immigrants are illegal immigrants while most of the Cantonese immigrants are legal immigrants in Manhattan's Chinatown.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rousmaniere |first=Peter |url=http://www.workingimmigrants.com/2006/03/smuggling_of_chinese_workers_i_1.html |title=Smuggling of Chinese workers into the United States |publisher=workingimmigrants.com |date=2006-03-17 |accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref> With the coming of illegal Fuzhou immigrants during the 1990s, there is now a Fuzhou Community in the eastern portion of Manhattan's Chinatown which started on the East Broadway portion and later emerged north onto the Eldridge Street portion of Manhattan's Chinatown. Although the Fuzhou community and its population, which is now hardly growing have emerged within Manhattan's Chinatown, the Cantonese population still remains large and continues to retain the large Cantonese community identity where the Cantonese residents still have a place of gathering that was established decades ago in the western portion/main section of Manhattan's Chinatown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nychinatown.org/ebway.html |title=A journey through China town |publisher=Nychinatown.org |date= |accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref> 
+
+Now the Fuzhou influx has shifted into Brooklyn's Chinatown in the [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]] section of Brooklyn.  Since Brooklyn's Chinatown is smaller than Manhattan's Chinatown, and given its rapidly increasing Fuzhou population, Brooklyn's Chinatown is quickly becoming the new ''Little Fuzhou'' in NYC and is on the way of surpassing the ''Little Fuzhou'' already established within Manhattan's Chinatown as the largest Fuzhou population/community in NYC. Even though Brooklyn's Chinatown has fewer Cantonese people than Manhattan's Chinatown, there are still many Cantonese shops between 50th-62nd streets on 8th Avenue. Traditionally, Fuzhou immigrant community/population would always be mixed with a large Cantonese population and other Chinese populations in Chinese communities, however, as Brooklyn's Chinatown is becoming the New Little Fuzhou and with the continuing rapid decline in the Cantonese population in Brooklyn's Chinatown, it is on its way to become the first Fuzhou population/community to not be traditionally surrounded/neighbored and/or mixed with large Cantonese populations and/or other Chinese populations like currently in Manhattan's Chinatown and Flushing's Chinatown.<ref name="worldjournal.com">[http://www.worldjournal.com/english/wj-eng_news.php?nt_seq_id=1341407&sc_seq_id=1930 ]{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref>
+
+Although Mandarin is spoken as a native language among only ten percent of Chinese speakers in NYC's Chinatown, it is used as a secondary dialect among the greatest number of them and is on its way to replace Cantonese as their [[lingua franca]].<ref name="Garcia">{{cite book | last = García | first = Ofelia | coauthors = Fishman, Joshua A. | title = The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York City | publisher = Walter de Gruyter | year = 2002 | isbn = 311017281X}}</ref>  Although Min Chinese is spoken natively by a third of the Chinese population in the city, it is not used as a lingua franca because speakers of other dialect groups do not learn Min.<ref name="Garcia"/>
+
+==Buildings==
+{{Citations missing|date=November 2008}}
+[[Image:Confucious Tower.jpg|thumb|upright|The ''Confucius Plaza'' 44-story [[subsidized housing|subsidized]] [[housing cooperative]], above typical Chinatown housing stock]]
+===Housing===
+The housing stock of Chinatown is still mostly composed of cramped [[tenement]] buildings, some of which are over 100 years old. It is still common in such buildings to have bathrooms in the hallways, to be shared among multiple apartments.
+A federally [[subsidized housing]] project, named [[Confucius Plaza]], was completed on the corner of [[Bowery (Manhattan)|Bowery]] and Division streets in 1976. This 44-story residential [[tower block]] gave much needed new housing stock to thousands of residents. The building also housed a new public grade school, [http://schools.nyc.gov/OurSchools/Region9/M124/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 124] (or Yung Wing Elementary). Since new housing is normally non-existent in Chinatown, many apartments in the building were acquired by wealthy individuals through under-the-table dealings, even though the building was built as [[affordable housing]].
+===Landmarks===
+For much of Chinatown's history, there were few unique architectural features to announce to visitors that they had arrived in the neighborhood (other than the language of the shop signs). In 1962, at [[Chatham Square, Manhattan|Chatham Square]] the Lt. Benjamin Ralph Kimlau Memorial archway was erected in memorial of the Chinese-Americans who died in [[World War II]]. This memorial, which bears calligraphy by the great [[Yu Youren]] 于右任 (1879&mdash;1964), is mostly ignored by the residents due to its poor location on a busy car thoroughfare with little pedestrian traffic. A statue of [[Lin Zexu]], also known as Commissioner Lin, a Fuzhou-based Chinese official who opposed the opium trade, is also located at the square; it faces uptown along East Broadway, now home to the bustling Fuzhou neighborhood and known locally as Fuzhou Street (Fúzhóu jiē 福州街). In the 1970s, [[New York Telephone]], then the local phone company started capping the street phone
+booths with [[pagoda]]-like decorations. In 1976, the statue of [[Confucius]] in front of ''Confucius Plaza'' became a common meeting place. In the 1980s, banks which opened new branches and others which were renovating started to use Chinese traditional styles for their building facades. The [[Church of the Transfiguration (Mott Street, New York, New York)|Church of the Transfiguration]], a national historic site built in 1815, stands off Mott Street.
+
+==Street names in Chinese==
+[[Image:BaxterStreet.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baxter Street - 巴士特街]]
+{|
+|- valign="top"
+|
+* [[Allen Street (Manhattan)|Allen Street]] - 亞倫街
+* [[Baxter Street (Manhattan)|Baxter Street]] - 巴士特街 
+* [[Bayard Street (Manhattan)|Bayard Street]] - 擺也街 
+* [[The Bowery|Bowery]] - 包厘
+* [[Broadway (New York City)|Broadway]] - 百老匯
+* [[Broome Street]] - 布隆街
+* [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] - 堅尼街
+* [[Catherine Street (Manhattan)|Catherine Street]] - 加薩林街
+* [[Centre Street (Manhattan)|Centre Street]] - 中央街
+* [[Chambers Street (Manhattan)|Chambers Street]] - 錢伯斯街  
+* [[Chatham Square, Manhattan|Chatham Square]] - 且林士果
+* [[Chrystie Street]] - 企李士提街
+* [[Delancey Street, Manhattan|Delancey Street]] - 地蘭西街
+* [[Division Street, Manhattan|Division Street]] - 地葳臣街
+* [[Doyers Street]] - 宰也街
+* [[East Broadway (Manhattan)|East Broadway]] (Little Fuzhou) - 東百老匯 (小福州)
+|
+* [[Eldridge Street]] - 愛烈治街
+* [[Elizabeth Street, Manhattan|Elizabeth Street]] - 伊利沙白街
+* [[Forsyth Street (Manhattan)|Forsyth Street]] - 科西街
+* [[Grand Street (Manhattan)|Grand Street]] - 格蘭街
+* [[Henry Street (Manhattan)|Henry Street]] - 軒利街
+* [[Hester Street (Manhattan)|Hester Street]] - 喜士打街
+* [[Madison Street (Manhattan)|Madison Street]] - 麥地遜街
+* [[Market Street (Manhattan)|Market Street]] - 市場街
+* [[Mosco Street]] - 莫斯科街
+* [[Mott Street (Manhattan)|Mott Street]] - 勿街
+* [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] - 茂比利街
+* [[Orchard Street (Manhattan)|Orchard Street]] - 柯察街
+* [[Park Row (Manhattan)|Park Row]] - 柏路
+* [[Pell Street (Manhattan)|Pell Street]] - 披露街
+* [[Pike Street]] - 派克街
+* [[Worth Street (Manhattan)|Worth Street]] - 窩夫街<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ccbanyc.org/historyfile/photo/history.html |title=Historic Pictures of Chinatown |publisher=Ccbanyc.org |date= |accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref>
+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nychinatown.org/manhattan.html |title=A Journey Through Chinatown |publisher=Nychinatown.org |date= |accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref>
+|}
+==Satellite Chinatowns==
+{{Citations missing|date=November 2008}}
+{{Main|Flushing, Queens|Sunset Park, Brooklyn}}
+Other New York City area Chinese communities have been settled over the years, including that of [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] in [[Queens]].  Another community is located in [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]] in [[Brooklyn]], particularly along 8th Avenue from 40th to 65th Streets.  New York's newest Chinatown has recently sprung up on Avenue U in the [[Homecrest, Brooklyn|Homecrest]] section of Brooklyn. Outside of New York City proper, a growing suburban Chinatown is developing in [[Edison, New Jersey]], which lies {{convert|30|mi|km}} to the southwest.
+While the composition of these satellite Chinatowns is as varied as the original, the political turmoils in the Manhattan Chinatown ([[Tong (organization)|Tongs]] vs. [[Republic of China]] loyalists vs. [[People's Republic of China]] loyalists vs. Americanized) has led to some factionalization in the other satellites.  The [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] Chinatown, for example, was spearheaded by many Chinese fleeing the Communist retaking of [[Hong Kong]] in 1997 as well as Taiwanese who used their considerable capital to buy out land from the former  residents.  The [[Brooklyn]] Chinatown located in [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]] however, is mostly immigrant and populated by both [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]] and [[Fujian|Fukienese]] newcomers to America, however the [[Fujian|Fukienese]] is on its way of turning the Chinese Community into the new, more established, and bigger Fuzhou community than the one in the eastern portion of Manhattan's Chinatown.<ref name="worldjournal.com"/>  More culturally
+assimilated Chinese have moved outside these neighborhoods into more white or Hispanic neighborhoods in the city while others move to the suburbs outright.
+
+==See also==
+*[[Shuang Wen School]] - a dual-language elementary school on the Lower East Side.
+*[[Chinatown]]
+*[[Chinatowns in North America]]
+*[[Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance]]
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo_Hop
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+*"New York's First Chinaman". ''Atlanta Constitution''. 22 Sep 1896
+*Crouse, Russel. ''Murder Won't Out''. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1932.
+*Dunshee, Kenneth Holcomb. ''As You Pass By''. New York: Hastings House, 1952.
+*Ramati, Raquel. ''How to Save Your Own Street''. Garden City, Doubleday and Co., 1981. ISBN 0-385-14814-3
+==External links==
+*[http://www.chinatownnewyorkcity.blogspot.com Chinatown New York City Blog]
+*[http://www.ccbanyc.org Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association of New York]
+*[http://www.explorechinatown.com/ Explore Chinatown-official tourism site]
+*[http://www.moca-nyc.org Museum of Chinese in the Americas]
+*[http://www.nychinatown.org/manhattan.html A Photo Journey through Chinatown]
+*[http://www.arch.columbia.edu/Studio/Spring2003/UP/Chinatown/team.htm Chinatown: A Neighborhood Plan]
+{{Chinese American|state=collapsed}}
+{{Chinatowns}}
+{{Manhattan}}
+{{Coord|40|43|06|N|74|00|09|W|region:US-NY_type:city(300000)_source:dewiki|display=title}}
+
+[[Category:Neighborhoods in Manhattan]]
+[[Category:United States communities with Asian American majority populations]]
+[[Category:Chinatowns in the United States|Manhattan]]
+
+[[ca:Chinatown (Manhattan)]]
+[[da:Chinatown (New York)]]
+[[de:Chinatown (New York City)]]
+[[es:Chinatown (Manhattan)]]
+[[fr:Chinatown (Manhattan)]]
+[[it:Chinatown (Manhattan)]]
+[[he:צ'יינהטאון (מנהטן)]]
+[[nl:Chinatown (New York City)]]
+[[ja:チャイナタウン (マンハッタン)]]
+[[ro:Chinatown, Manhattan]]
+[[ru:Чайнатаун (Манхэттен)]]
+[[sk:Chinatown]]
+[[sv:Chinatown, Manhattan]]
+[[yi:טשיינעטאון]]
+[[zh:華埠 (曼哈頓)]]
+

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+  </revision>
+  <revision>
+    <id>2</id>
+    <parentid>3</parentid>
+    <timestamp>time 4</timestamp>
+    <contributor>
+      <username>user</username>
+      <id>11</id>
+    </contributor>
+    <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3261">text 4</text>
+    <sha1>ebb1e4tgy49mqdwtyk0rafzdcokp4lh</sha1>
+    <model>wikitext</model>
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+    <id>3</id>
+    <parentid>4</parentid>
+    <timestamp>time 5</timestamp>
+    <contributor>
+      <ip>100.100.100.100</ip>
+    </contributor>
+    <comment>comment 3</comment>
+    <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3541">#REDIRECT [[Liberty Stadium, Swansea]]
+    </text>
+    <sha1>t8s84rnkje13fkdkw0exui4hrs3fx8x</sha1>
+    <model>wikitext</model>
+    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
+  </revision>
+</page>
+</mediawiki>

data/spec/resources/redirect_page.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<mediawiki>
+  <siteinfo>
+    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
+    <base>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page</base>
+    <generator>MediaWiki 1.23wmf12</generator>
+    <case>first-letter</case>
+    <namespaces>
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+      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
+      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter"/>
+      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">User</namespace>
+      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">User talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
+      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikipedia talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
+      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">File talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
+      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
+      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Template talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Help</namespace>
+      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Help talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Category</namespace>
+      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Category talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="100" case="first-letter">Portal</namespace>
+      <namespace key="101" case="first-letter">Portal talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="108" case="first-letter">Book</namespace>
+      <namespace key="109" case="first-letter">Book talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="118" case="first-letter">Draft</namespace>
+      <namespace key="119" case="first-letter">Draft talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="446" case="first-letter">Education Program</namespace>
+      <namespace key="447" case="first-letter">Education Program talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
+      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
+      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
+      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
+    </namespaces>
+  </siteinfo>
+<page>
+  <title>Vandalism on Wikipedia</title>
+  <ns>0</ns>
+  <id>100</id>
+  <revision>
+    <id>3</id>
+    <parentid>4</parentid>
+    <timestamp>time 5</timestamp>
+    <contributor>
+      <ip>100.100.100.100</ip>
+    </contributor>
+    <comment>comment 3</comment>
+    <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="3541">#REDIRECT [[Vandalism]]
+    </text>
+    <sha1>t8s84rnkje13fkdkw0exui4hrs3fx8x</sha1>
+    <model>wikitext</model>
+    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
+  </revision>
+</page>
+</mediawiki>

data/spec/resources/revision_simplified.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+   <revision>
+      <id>id1</id>
+     <parentid>parentid1</parentid>
+      <timestamp>time1</timestamp>
+      <contributor>
+        <ip>ip1</ip>
+      </contributor>
+      <comment>comment 1</comment>
+      <text xml:space="preserve" bytes="1880">text 1</text>
+      <sha1>hash1</sha1>
+      <model>wikitext</model>
+      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
+   </revision>

data/spec/resources/sample_revision.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+{{Infobox Album | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->
+| Name        = The Soundstage Sessions 
+| Type        = live
+| Longtype    = / <font style="background: {{Infobox Album/color|studio}}">[[Studio album]]</font>
+| Artist      = [[Stevie Nicks]]
+| Cover       = SS1.jpg
+| Released    = March 31, 2009
+| Recorded    = Oct. 2007–2008<br>Grainger Studio<br><small>([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Illinois]])</small> <br>[[Ocean Way Recording]]<br><small>([[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], [[Tennessee]])</small> <br>[[Chicago Recording Company]]<br><small>([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Illinois]])</small>
+| Genre       = [[Rock music|Rock]]
+| Length      = 54:25
+| Label       = [[Reprise Records]]
+| Producer    = [[Joe Thomas (producer/director)|Joe Thomas]] <br> Stevie Nicks <br> [[Waddy Watchel]]
+|Reviews =
+* [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3xftxzrkldhe link]
+| Last album  = ''[[Crystal Visions - The Very Best of Stevie Nicks]]'' <br /> (2007)
+| This album  = '''''The Soundstage Sessions''''' <br /> (2009)
+| Next album  =
+| Misc = {{Extra album cover 2
+| Upper caption = ''The Soundstage Sessions: Live in Chicago''
+| Type          =
+| Cover         = The_Soundstage_Sessions_-_Live_in_Chicago.jpg
+| Lower caption        = CD/DVD Deluxe Edition
+}}
+}}
+
+'''''The Soundstage Sessions''''' is the tenth album released by the American singer-songwriter and [[Fleetwood Mac]] vocalist [[Stevie Nicks]]. Although it is the first live album of Nicks' solo career, it was produced to sound like a studio album.
+
+
+==Album Information==
+''The Soundstage Sessions'' was recorded in October 2007 before an intimate audience at [[WTTW]]'s Grainger Studio in [[Chicago]], with the [[set list]] containing 18 songs. In early 2008, Nicks went to [[Nashville]] and entered the studio with director/producer [[Joe Thomas (producer/director)|Joe Thomas]]. In the studio, they added "Nashville strings" and additional vocals to the songs that were to go on the CD. Nicks wanted the CD to sound perfect, and when asked about the project has said "I am as proud of this as anything I’ve ever done in my entire career."  <ref>http://popculturezoo.com/archives/2255</ref>
+
+==Track listing==
+===Standard Edition===
+# "[[Stand Back (song)|Stand Back]]" <small>(Stevie Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 4:40
+# "[[Crash Into Me#Stevie Nicks version|Crash Into Me]]" <small>([[Dave Matthews]])</small>&nbsp;– 5:33
+# "Sara" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 6:56
+# "If Anyone Falls in Love" <small>(Nicks, [[Sandy Stewart (musician)|Sandy Stewart]])</small>&nbsp;– 4:11
+# "[[Landslide (song)|Landslide]]" (Orchestra version) <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 4:20
+# "How Still My Love" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 7:34
+# "Circle Dance" <small>(Duet with [[Vanessa Carlton]])</small> <small>([[Bonnie Raitt]])</small>&nbsp;– 4:14
+# "Fall From Grace" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 4:35
+# "Sorcerer" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 5:00
+# "[[Beauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 7:14
+
+===Amazon Mp3 Edition===
+#<li value=11>"Enchanted" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 3:14
+
+===[[iTunes]] Edition===
+#<li value=11>"Gold Dust Woman" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 10:07
+#<li value=12>"Edge of Seventeen" <small>(Nicks)</small>&nbsp;– 12:33
+
+==Deluxe Edition==
+Reprise Records released a Deluxe Edition exclusively through the Warner Bros. Records Store, which is called '''''The Soundstage Sessions: Live in Chicago'''''. The Deluxe Edition is a CD/DVD set, and includes new cover art, a [[lithograph]] of Nicks, and free [[mp3]] downloads of "Rhiannon" and "The One". <ref>http://www.jammfactory.net/wbr/stevienicks/pre-order.html</ref>
+
+==Standard and Blu-Ray DVD==
+The [[Blu-Ray]] DVD of this performance has been available exclusively at Sears since December 1st, 2008 and features a total of 16 tracks in high-definition. The standard edition DVD of this performance was released by Reprise Records as ''[[Live in Chicago (Stevie Nicks DVD)|Live In Chicago]]''. 
+
+==Personnel==
+'''Main Performers'''
+
+*Stevie Nicks - vocals, producer
+*[[Vanessa Carlton]] - guest performer 
+*Sharon Celani - backup vocals 
+*Lori Nicks - backup vocals 
+*Jana Anderson - backup vocals 
+
+'''Production'''
+
+*[[Joe Thomas (producer/director)|Joe Thomas]] - producer
+*Waddy Wachtel - producer
+*Frank Pappalardo - engineering 
+*Michael Czaszwicz - assistant engineering
+*Patrick DeWitte - assistant engineering 
+*Mixed at HD Ready, St. Charles 
+
+'''Musicians'''
+
+*Waddy Wachtel - musical director/guitar
+*Lenny Castro - percussion
+*Al Ortiz - bass
+*Jimmy Paxson - drums 
+*Ricky Peterson - keyboards
+*Carlos Rios - guitar 
+*Darrell Smith - keyboards  
+
+'''String Section'''
+
+*Eric Roth - conductor
+*Janice MacDonald - flute
+*Deb Stevenson - oboe
+*Greg Flint - horn
+*Christine Worthing - horn 
+*Guillaume Combet - violin 
+*Jennifer Cappelli - violin
+*Carmen Llop-Kassinger - violin
+*Christine Keiko Abe - violin
+*Carol Cook - viola 
+*Jocelyn Davis-Beck - cello
+*[[Eddie Bayers]] - drums 
+*Michael Rhodes - bass 
+*[[Joe Thomas (producer/director)|Joe Thomas]] - keyboards
+
+==Charts==
+{|class="wikitable"
+!Chart (2009)
+!Peak<br>position
+|-
+|U.S. [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]
+|align="center"|47
+|-
+|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top Current Rock Albums
+|align="center"|15
+|-
+|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top Digital Albums
+|align="center"|55
+|-
+|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top Internet Albums
+|align="center"|5
+|-
+|}
+
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+
+==External links==
+*http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001AW9DKU
+*http://www.pauseandplay.com/31march2009.htm
+*http://www.sears.com/shc/s/p_10153_12605_05801528000P?mv=rr
+*http://nickslive.blogspot.com/2009/04/live-in-chicago-first-week-sales.html
+
+
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Soundstage Sessions, The}}
+[[Category:2009 albums]]
+[[Category:Live albums]]
+[[Category:Reprise Records albums]]
+[[Category:Stevie Nicks albums]]
+[[Category:Albums produced by Waddy Wachtel]]