RubyGems - wayfarer - Versions diffs - 0.4.8 → 0.4.9 - Mend

wayfarer 0.4.8 → 0.4.9

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-      <ol class='book-toc'>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>1. <a href="ch00/ch01-getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          1.1
-          <a href="ch00/ch01-getting-started.html" >About Version Control </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.2
-          <a href="Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git.html" >A Short History of Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.3
-          <a href="ch00/what_is_git_section.html" >What is Git? </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.4
-          <a href="Getting-Started-The-Command-Line.html" >The Command Line </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.5
-          <a href="Getting-Started-Installing-Git.html" >Installing Git </a>
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-        <li>
-          1.6
-          <a href="ch00/_editor.html" >First-Time Git Setup </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.7
-          <a href="ch00/_git_help.html" >Getting Help </a>
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-          1.8
-          <a href="Getting-Started-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
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-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>2. <a href="ch00/_git_cloning.html">Git Basics</a></h2>
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-          <a href="ch00/_git_cloning.html" >Getting a Git Repository </a>
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-          <a href="ch00/_remote_repos.html" >Working with Remotes </a>
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-          2.6
-          <a href="ch00/_annotated_tags.html" >Tagging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.7
-          <a href="ch00/_git_aliases.html" >Git Aliases </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.8
-          <a href="Git-Basics-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
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-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>3. <a href="ch00/_switching_branches.html">Git Branching</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          3.1
-          <a href="ch00/_switching_branches.html" >Branches in a Nutshell </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.2
-          <a href="ch00/_basic_branching.html" >Basic Branching and Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.3
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-          3.5
-          <a href="ch00/_delete_branches.html" >Remote Branches </a>
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-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.7
-          <a href="Git-Branching-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
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-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          4.1
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-          4.2
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-          4.4
-          <a href="ch00/_setting_up_server.html" >Setting Up the Server </a>
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-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-Git-Daemon.html" >Git Daemon </a>
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-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-Smart-HTTP.html" >Smart HTTP </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.7
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-GitWeb.html" >GitWeb </a>
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-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>5. <a href="ch00/_integration_manager.html">Distributed Git</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          5.1
-          <a href="ch00/_integration_manager.html" >Distributed Workflows </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          5.2
-          <a href="ch00/_project_over_email.html" >Contributing to a Project </a>
-        </li>
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-          5.3
-          <a href="ch00/_git_am.html" >Maintaining a Project </a>
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-</ol>
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-      <ol class='book-toc'>
-  <li class='chapter'>
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-        <li>
-          6.1
-          <a href="ch00/_personal_avatar.html" >Account Setup and Configuration </a>
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-          6.2
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-          <a href="ch00/_team_page.html" >Managing an organization </a>
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-          <a href="ch00/_commit_status.html" >Scripting GitHub </a>
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-        <li>
-          6.6
-          <a href="GitHub-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
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-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>7. <a href="ch00/_git_reflog.html">Git Tools</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          7.1
-          <a href="ch00/_git_reflog.html" >Revision Selection </a>
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-          7.2
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-        <li>
-          7.3
-          <a href="ch00/_git_clean.html" >Stashing and Cleaning </a>
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-        <li>
-          7.5
-          <a href="ch00/_git_grep.html" >Searching </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.6
-          <a href="ch00/_removing_file_every_commit.html" >Rewriting History </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.7
-          <a href="ch00/_the_index.html" >Reset Demystified </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.8
-          <a href="ch00/_reverse_commit.html" >Advanced Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.9
-          <a href="ch00/ref_rerere.html" >Rerere </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.10
-          <a href="ch00/_file_annotation.html" >Debugging with Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.11
-          <a href="ch00/_publishing_submodules.html" >Submodules </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.12
-          <a href="ch00/_bundling.html" class=active>Bundling </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.13
-          <a href="ch00/_replace.html" >Replace </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.14
-          <a href="ch00/_credential_caching.html" >Credential Storage </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.15
-          <a href="Git-Tools-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>8. <a href="ch00/_external_merge_tools.html">Customizing Git</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          8.1
-          <a href="ch00/_external_merge_tools.html" >Git Configuration </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.2
-          <a href="ch00/_keyword_expansion.html" >Git Attributes </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.3
-          <a href="ch00/_email_hooks.html" >Git Hooks </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.4
-          <a href="ch00/_enforcing_commit_message_format.html" >An Example Git-Enforced Policy </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.5
-          <a href="Customizing-Git-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>9. <a href="ch00/_git_svn.html">Git and Other Systems</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          9.1
-          <a href="ch00/_git_svn.html" >Git as a Client </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          9.2
-          <a href="ch00/_git_p4.html" >Migrating to Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          9.3
-          <a href="Git-and-Other-Systems-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>10. <a href="ch00/_plumbing_porcelain.html">Git Internals</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          10.1
-          <a href="ch00/_plumbing_porcelain.html" >Plumbing and Porcelain </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.2
-          <a href="ch00/_git_commit_objects.html" >Git Objects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.3
-          <a href="ch00/ref_the_ref.html" >Git References </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.4
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Packfiles.html" >Packfiles </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.5
-          <a href="ch00/_pushing_refspecs.html" >The Refspec </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.6
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols.html" >Transfer Protocols </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.7
-          <a href="ch00/_git_gc.html" >Maintenance and Data Recovery </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.8
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Environment-Variables.html" >Environment Variables </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.9
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-</ol>
-    </div>
-    <div class='column-right'>
-      <ol class='book-toc'>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A1. <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html">Appendix A: Git in Other Environments</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A1.1
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html" >Graphical Interfaces </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.2
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio.html" >Git in Visual Studio </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.3
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio-Code.html" >Git in Visual Studio Code </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.4
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-IntelliJ-%252F-PyCharm-%252F-WebStorm-%252F-PhpStorm-%252F-RubyMine.html" >Git in IntelliJ / PyCharm / WebStorm / PhpStorm / RubyMine </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.5
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Sublime-Text.html" >Git in Sublime Text </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.6
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Bash.html" >Git in Bash </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.7
-          <a href="ch00/oh_my_zsh_git.html" >Git in Zsh </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.8
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-PowerShell.html" >Git in PowerShell </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.9
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A2. <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html">Appendix B: Embedding Git in your Applications</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A2.1
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html" >Command-line Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.2
-          <a href="ch00/_libgit2_bindings.html" >Libgit2 </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.3
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit.html" >JGit </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.4
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-go-git.html" >go-git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.5
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Dulwich.html" >Dulwich </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A3. <a href="ch00/ch_core_editor.html">Appendix C: Git Commands</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A3.1
-          <a href="ch00/ch_core_editor.html" >Setup and Config </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.2
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects.html" >Getting and Creating Projects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.3
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting.html" >Basic Snapshotting </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.4
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging.html" >Branching and Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.5
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects.html" >Sharing and Updating Projects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.6
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison.html" >Inspection and Comparison </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.7
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging.html" >Debugging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.8
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Patching.html" >Patching </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.9
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Email.html" >Email </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.10
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems.html" >External Systems </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.11
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Administration.html" >Administration </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.12
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands.html" >Plumbing Commands </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-</ol>
-    </div>
-  </div>
- </div>
-    <span class="light" id="edition">
-      2nd Edition
-    </span>
-</div>
-<div id='main' class="book edition2">
-    <h1>7.12 Git Tools - Bundling</h1>
-  <div>
-<h2 id="_bundling">Bundling</h2>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Though we’ve covered the common ways to transfer Git data over a network (HTTP, SSH, etc), there is actually one more way to do so that is not commonly used but can actually be quite useful.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Git is capable of “bundling” its data into a single file.
-This can be useful in various scenarios.
-Maybe your network is down and you want to send changes to your co-workers.
-Perhaps you’re working somewhere offsite and don’t have access to the local network for security reasons.
-Maybe your wireless/ethernet card just broke.
-Maybe you don’t have access to a shared server for the moment, you want to email someone updates and you don’t want to transfer 40 commits via <code>format-patch</code>.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>This is where the <code>git bundle</code> command can be helpful.
-The <code>bundle</code> command will package up everything that would normally be pushed over the wire with a <code>git push</code> command into a binary file that you can email to someone or put on a flash drive, then unbundle into another repository.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Let’s see a simple example.
-Let’s say you have a repository with two commits:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log
-commit 9a466c572fe88b195efd356c3f2bbeccdb504102
-Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gmail.com&gt;
-Date:   Wed Mar 10 07:34:10 2010 -0800
-    Second commit
-commit b1ec3248f39900d2a406049d762aa68e9641be25
-Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gmail.com&gt;
-Date:   Wed Mar 10 07:34:01 2010 -0800
-    First commit</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If you want to send that repository to someone and you don’t have access to a repository to push to, or simply don’t want to set one up, you can bundle it with <code>git bundle create</code>.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git bundle create repo.bundle HEAD master
-Counting objects: 6, done.
-Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
-Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
-Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 441 bytes, done.
-Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Now you have a file named <code>repo.bundle</code> that has all the data needed to re-create the repository’s <code>master</code> branch.
-With the <code>bundle</code> command you need to list out every reference or specific range of commits that you want to be included.
-If you intend for this to be cloned somewhere else, you should add HEAD as a reference as well as we’ve done here.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>You can email this <code>repo.bundle</code> file to someone else, or put it on a USB drive and walk it over.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>On the other side, say you are sent this <code>repo.bundle</code> file and want to work on the project.
-You can clone from the binary file into a directory, much like you would from a URL.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git clone repo.bundle repo
-Cloning into 'repo'...
-...
-$ cd repo
-$ git log --oneline
-9a466c5 Second commit
-b1ec324 First commit</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If you don’t include HEAD in the references, you have to also specify <code>-b master</code> or whatever branch is included because otherwise it won’t know what branch to check out.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Now let’s say you do three commits on it and want to send the new commits back via a bundle on a USB stick or email.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log --oneline
-71b84da Last commit - second repo
-c99cf5b Fourth commit - second repo
-7011d3d Third commit - second repo
-9a466c5 Second commit
-b1ec324 First commit</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>First we need to determine the range of commits we want to include in the bundle.
-Unlike the network protocols which figure out the minimum set of data to transfer over the network for us, we’ll have to figure this out manually.
- Now, you could just do the same thing and bundle the entire repository, which will work, but it’s better to just bundle up the difference - just the three commits we just made locally.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>In order to do that, you’ll have to calculate the difference.
-As we described in <a href="ch00/_commit_ranges.html">Commit Ranges</a>, you can specify a range of commits in a number of ways.
-To get the three commits that we have in our <code>master</code> branch that weren’t in the branch we originally cloned, we can use something like <code>origin/master..master</code> or <code>master ^origin/master</code>.
-You can test that with the <code>log</code> command.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log --oneline master ^origin/master
-71b84da Last commit - second repo
-c99cf5b Fourth commit - second repo
-7011d3d Third commit - second repo</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>So now that we have the list of commits we want to include in the bundle, let’s bundle them up.
-We do that with the <code>git bundle create</code> command, giving it a filename we want our bundle to be and the range of commits we want to go into it.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git bundle create commits.bundle master ^9a466c5
-Counting objects: 11, done.
-Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
-Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
-Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 775 bytes, done.
-Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Now we have a <code>commits.bundle</code> file in our directory.
-If we take that and send it to our partner, she can then import it into the original repository, even if more work has been done there in the meantime.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>When she gets the bundle, she can inspect it to see what it contains before she imports it into her repository.
-The first command is the <code>bundle verify</code> command that will make sure the file is actually a valid Git bundle and that you have all the necessary ancestors to reconstitute it properly.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git bundle verify ../commits.bundle
-The bundle contains 1 ref
-71b84daaf49abed142a373b6e5c59a22dc6560dc refs/heads/master
-The bundle requires these 1 ref
-9a466c572fe88b195efd356c3f2bbeccdb504102 second commit
-../commits.bundle is okay</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If the bundler had created a bundle of just the last two commits they had done, rather than all three, the original repository would not be able to import it, since it is missing requisite history.
-The <code>verify</code> command would have looked like this instead:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git bundle verify ../commits-bad.bundle
-error: Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:
-error: 7011d3d8fc200abe0ad561c011c3852a4b7bbe95 Third commit - second repo</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>However, our first bundle is valid, so we can fetch in commits from it.
-If you want to see what branches are in the bundle that can be imported, there is also a command to just list the heads:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git bundle list-heads ../commits.bundle
-71b84daaf49abed142a373b6e5c59a22dc6560dc refs/heads/master</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>The <code>verify</code> sub-command will tell you the heads as well.
-The point is to see what can be pulled in, so you can use the <code>fetch</code> or <code>pull</code> commands to import commits from this bundle.
-Here we’ll fetch the <code>master</code> branch of the bundle to a branch named <code>other-master</code> in our repository:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git fetch ../commits.bundle master:other-master
-From ../commits.bundle
- * [new branch]      master     -&gt; other-master</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Now we can see that we have the imported commits on the <code>other-master</code> branch as well as any commits we’ve done in the meantime in our own <code>master</code> branch.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all
-* 8255d41 (HEAD, master) Third commit - first repo
-| * 71b84da (other-master) Last commit - second repo
-| * c99cf5b Fourth commit - second repo
-| * 7011d3d Third commit - second repo
-|/
-* 9a466c5 Second commit
-* b1ec324 First commit</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>So, <code>git bundle</code> can be really useful for sharing or doing network-type operations when you don’t have the proper network or shared repository to do so.</p>
-</div>
-<div id="nav"><a href="ch00/_publishing_submodules.html">prev</a> | <a href="ch00/_replace.html">next</a></div></div>
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