wayfarer 0.4.0 → 0.4.4
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- checksums.yaml +4 -4
- data/.github/workflows/ci.yaml +1 -1
- data/.rubocop.yml +10 -0
- data/Gemfile.lock +21 -16
- data/docs/cookbook/batch_routing.md +22 -0
- data/docs/cookbook/consent_screen.md +36 -0
- data/docs/cookbook/executing_javascript.md +41 -0
- data/docs/cookbook/navigation.md +43 -0
- data/docs/cookbook/querying_html.md +3 -3
- data/docs/cookbook/screenshots.md +2 -2
- data/docs/cookbook/user_agent.md +1 -1
- data/docs/guides/callbacks.md +122 -15
- data/docs/guides/configuration.md +16 -10
- data/docs/guides/debugging.md +17 -0
- data/docs/guides/error_handling.md +22 -22
- data/docs/guides/jobs.md +44 -18
- data/docs/guides/navigation.md +73 -0
- data/docs/guides/networking/capybara.md +71 -0
- data/docs/guides/networking/custom_adapters.md +100 -0
- data/docs/guides/{browser_automation → networking}/ferrum.md +6 -4
- data/docs/guides/networking/http.md +33 -0
- data/docs/guides/{browser_automation → networking}/selenium.md +11 -7
- data/docs/guides/networking.md +77 -3
- data/docs/guides/pages.md +4 -4
- data/docs/guides/performance.md +108 -0
- data/docs/guides/reliability.md +41 -0
- data/docs/guides/routing/steering.md +30 -0
- data/docs/guides/tasks.md +9 -33
- data/docs/index.md +9 -1
- data/docs/reference/api/base.md +13 -127
- data/docs/reference/api/route.md +1 -1
- data/docs/reference/cli.md +0 -78
- data/docs/reference/configuration_keys.md +42 -0
- data/docs/reference/environment_variables.md +25 -27
- data/lib/wayfarer/base.rb +32 -32
- data/lib/wayfarer/callbacks.rb +71 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/cli/base.rb +23 -1
- data/lib/wayfarer/cli/job.rb +7 -9
- data/lib/wayfarer/cli/route.rb +6 -4
- data/lib/wayfarer/cli/route_printer.rb +7 -7
- data/lib/wayfarer/cli/templates/job.rb.tt +3 -1
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/capybara.rb +10 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/ferrum.rb +11 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/networking.rb +26 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/redis.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/root.rb +11 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/selenium.rb +21 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/strconv.rb +45 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/config/struct.rb +72 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/gc.rb +3 -8
- data/lib/wayfarer/handler.rb +15 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/base.rb +19 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/chain.rb +8 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/controller.rb +40 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/dedup.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/dispatch.rb +22 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/fetch.rb +35 -11
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/lazy.rb +11 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/normalize.rb +2 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/router.rb +41 -3
- data/lib/wayfarer/middleware/stage.rb +6 -2
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/capybara.rb +28 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/context.rb +37 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/ferrum.rb +18 -52
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/follow.rb +22 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/http.rb +34 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/pool.rb +20 -14
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/result.rb +1 -9
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/selenium.rb +20 -47
- data/lib/wayfarer/networking/strategy.rb +38 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/page.rb +3 -4
- data/lib/wayfarer/redis/pool.rb +3 -1
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/dsl.rb +8 -8
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/custom.rb +25 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/host.rb +21 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/path.rb +49 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/query.rb +63 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/scheme.rb +17 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/suffix.rb +17 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/matchers/url.rb +17 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/result.rb +0 -5
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/route.rb +7 -1
- data/lib/wayfarer/routing/router.rb +28 -0
- data/lib/wayfarer/stringify.rb +13 -7
- data/lib/wayfarer/task.rb +4 -2
- data/lib/wayfarer.rb +5 -10
- data/spec/base_spec.rb +45 -40
- data/spec/callbacks_spec.rb +102 -0
- data/spec/cli/job_spec.rb +11 -7
- data/spec/config/capybara_spec.rb +18 -0
- data/spec/config/ferrum_spec.rb +24 -0
- data/spec/config/networking_spec.rb +73 -0
- data/spec/config/redis_spec.rb +32 -0
- data/spec/config/root_spec.rb +31 -0
- data/spec/config/selenium_spec.rb +56 -0
- data/spec/config/strconv_spec.rb +58 -0
- data/spec/config/struct_spec.rb +66 -0
- data/spec/factories/{queue/middleware.rb → middleware.rb} +3 -3
- data/spec/factories/{queue/page.rb → page.rb} +3 -3
- data/spec/factories/{queue/task.rb → task.rb} +0 -0
- data/spec/fixtures/dummy_job.rb +1 -1
- data/spec/gc_spec.rb +5 -7
- data/spec/handler_spec.rb +11 -0
- data/spec/integration/callbacks_spec.rb +85 -0
- data/spec/integration/page_spec.rb +62 -0
- data/spec/integration/params_spec.rb +56 -0
- data/spec/integration/stage_spec.rb +51 -0
- data/spec/integration/steering_spec.rb +57 -0
- data/spec/middleware/chain_spec.rb +32 -19
- data/spec/middleware/controller_spec.rb +86 -0
- data/spec/middleware/dedup_spec.rb +20 -8
- data/spec/middleware/dispatch_spec.rb +43 -0
- data/spec/middleware/fetch_spec.rb +117 -34
- data/spec/middleware/normalize_spec.rb +5 -4
- data/spec/middleware/router_spec.rb +82 -23
- data/spec/middleware/stage_spec.rb +42 -19
- data/spec/networking/capybara_spec.rb +12 -0
- data/spec/networking/context_spec.rb +127 -0
- data/spec/networking/ferrum_spec.rb +6 -22
- data/spec/networking/follow_spec.rb +41 -0
- data/spec/networking/http_spec.rb +12 -0
- data/spec/networking/pool_spec.rb +37 -12
- data/spec/networking/selenium_spec.rb +6 -22
- data/spec/networking/strategy.rb +170 -0
- data/spec/redis/pool_spec.rb +1 -1
- data/spec/routing/dsl_spec.rb +10 -10
- data/spec/routing/integration_spec.rb +22 -22
- data/spec/routing/{custom_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/custom_spec.rb} +4 -4
- data/spec/routing/{host_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/host_spec.rb} +6 -6
- data/spec/routing/{path_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/path_spec.rb} +6 -6
- data/spec/routing/{query_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/query_spec.rb} +15 -15
- data/spec/routing/{scheme_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/scheme_spec.rb} +4 -4
- data/spec/routing/{suffix_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/suffix_spec.rb} +4 -4
- data/spec/routing/{uri_matcher_spec.rb → matchers/uri_spec.rb} +4 -4
- data/spec/routing/path_finder_spec.rb +1 -1
- data/spec/routing/root_route_spec.rb +2 -2
- data/spec/routing/route_spec.rb +2 -2
- data/spec/routing/router_spec.rb +24 -0
- data/spec/spec_helpers.rb +24 -8
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/assets/application-38b0d42ff05ffea45841edebbd14b75b89585646153808e82907c2c5c11f324b.js +772 -0
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- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Bash.html +751 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-PowerShell.html +804 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Sublime-Text.html +728 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio-Code.html +751 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio.html +740 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Zsh.html +765 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html +931 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Summary.html +702 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html +720 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Dulwich.html +746 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit.html +889 -0
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- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Summary.html +704 -0
- data/spec/support/static/git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git.html +735 -0
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3.4
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<a href="_topic_branch.html" >Branching Workflows </a>
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3.5
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<a href="_delete_branches.html" >Remote Branches </a>
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</li>
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<li>
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3.6
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<a href="_rebase_rebase.html" >Rebasing </a>
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</li>
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<li>
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3.7
|
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<a href="../Git-Branching-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li class='chapter'>
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<h2>4. <a href="../Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols.html">Git on the Server</a></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>
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4.1
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<a href="../Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols.html" >The Protocols </a>
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</li>
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<li>
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4.2
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<a href="_bare_repo.html" >Getting Git on a Server </a>
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</li>
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<li>
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4.3
|
303
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<a href="_generate_ssh_key.html" >Generating Your SSH Public Key </a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
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4.4
|
307
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<a href="_setting_up_server.html" >Setting Up the Server </a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
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4.5
|
311
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<a href="../Git-on-the-Server-Git-Daemon.html" >Git Daemon </a>
|
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</li>
|
313
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+
<li>
|
314
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4.6
|
315
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<a href="../Git-on-the-Server-Smart-HTTP.html" >Smart HTTP </a>
|
316
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</li>
|
317
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+
<li>
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318
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4.7
|
319
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<a href="../Git-on-the-Server-GitWeb.html" >GitWeb </a>
|
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</li>
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321
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<li>
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4.8
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323
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<a href="_gitlab_groups_section.html" >GitLab </a>
|
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</li>
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325
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<li>
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326
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4.9
|
327
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<a href="../Git-on-the-Server-Third-Party-Hosted-Options.html" >Third Party Hosted Options </a>
|
328
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+
</li>
|
329
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+
<li>
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330
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4.10
|
331
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<a href="../Git-on-the-Server-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
332
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+
</li>
|
333
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+
</ol>
|
334
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+
</li>
|
335
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<li class='chapter'>
|
336
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+
<h2>5. <a href="_integration_manager.html">Distributed Git</a></h2>
|
337
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+
<ol>
|
338
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+
<li>
|
339
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+
5.1
|
340
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<a href="_integration_manager.html" >Distributed Workflows </a>
|
341
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+
</li>
|
342
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+
<li>
|
343
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+
5.2
|
344
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+
<a href="_project_over_email.html" >Contributing to a Project </a>
|
345
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+
</li>
|
346
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+
<li>
|
347
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+
5.3
|
348
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+
<a href="_git_am.html" >Maintaining a Project </a>
|
349
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+
</li>
|
350
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+
<li>
|
351
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+
5.4
|
352
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+
<a href="../Distributed-Git-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
353
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+
</li>
|
354
|
+
</ol>
|
355
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+
</li>
|
356
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+
</ol>
|
357
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+
|
358
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</div>
|
359
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+
<div class='column-middle'>
|
360
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+
<ol class='book-toc'>
|
361
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+
<li class='chapter'>
|
362
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+
<h2>6. <a href="_personal_avatar.html">GitHub</a></h2>
|
363
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+
<ol>
|
364
|
+
<li>
|
365
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+
6.1
|
366
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+
<a href="_personal_avatar.html" >Account Setup and Configuration </a>
|
367
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+
</li>
|
368
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+
<li>
|
369
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+
6.2
|
370
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+
<a href="_fetch_and_push_on_different_repositories.html" >Contributing to a Project </a>
|
371
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+
</li>
|
372
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+
<li>
|
373
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+
6.3
|
374
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+
<a href="_email_notifications.html" >Maintaining a Project </a>
|
375
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+
</li>
|
376
|
+
<li>
|
377
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+
6.4
|
378
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+
<a href="_team_page.html" >Managing an organization </a>
|
379
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+
</li>
|
380
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+
<li>
|
381
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+
6.5
|
382
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+
<a href="_commit_status.html" >Scripting GitHub </a>
|
383
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+
</li>
|
384
|
+
<li>
|
385
|
+
6.6
|
386
|
+
<a href="../GitHub-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
387
|
+
</li>
|
388
|
+
</ol>
|
389
|
+
</li>
|
390
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
391
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+
<h2>7. <a href="_git_reflog.html">Git Tools</a></h2>
|
392
|
+
<ol>
|
393
|
+
<li>
|
394
|
+
7.1
|
395
|
+
<a href="_git_reflog.html" >Revision Selection </a>
|
396
|
+
</li>
|
397
|
+
<li>
|
398
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+
7.2
|
399
|
+
<a href="_interactive_staging.html" >Interactive Staging </a>
|
400
|
+
</li>
|
401
|
+
<li>
|
402
|
+
7.3
|
403
|
+
<a href="_git_clean.html" >Stashing and Cleaning </a>
|
404
|
+
</li>
|
405
|
+
<li>
|
406
|
+
7.4
|
407
|
+
<a href="_signing_commits.html" >Signing Your Work </a>
|
408
|
+
</li>
|
409
|
+
<li>
|
410
|
+
7.5
|
411
|
+
<a href="_git_grep.html" >Searching </a>
|
412
|
+
</li>
|
413
|
+
<li>
|
414
|
+
7.6
|
415
|
+
<a href="_removing_file_every_commit.html" >Rewriting History </a>
|
416
|
+
</li>
|
417
|
+
<li>
|
418
|
+
7.7
|
419
|
+
<a href="_the_index.html" >Reset Demystified </a>
|
420
|
+
</li>
|
421
|
+
<li>
|
422
|
+
7.8
|
423
|
+
<a href="_reverse_commit.html" >Advanced Merging </a>
|
424
|
+
</li>
|
425
|
+
<li>
|
426
|
+
7.9
|
427
|
+
<a href="ref_rerere.html" >Rerere </a>
|
428
|
+
</li>
|
429
|
+
<li>
|
430
|
+
7.10
|
431
|
+
<a href="_file_annotation.html" >Debugging with Git </a>
|
432
|
+
</li>
|
433
|
+
<li>
|
434
|
+
7.11
|
435
|
+
<a href="_publishing_submodules.html" >Submodules </a>
|
436
|
+
</li>
|
437
|
+
<li>
|
438
|
+
7.12
|
439
|
+
<a href="_bundling.html" >Bundling </a>
|
440
|
+
</li>
|
441
|
+
<li>
|
442
|
+
7.13
|
443
|
+
<a href="_replace.html" >Replace </a>
|
444
|
+
</li>
|
445
|
+
<li>
|
446
|
+
7.14
|
447
|
+
<a href="_credential_caching.html" >Credential Storage </a>
|
448
|
+
</li>
|
449
|
+
<li>
|
450
|
+
7.15
|
451
|
+
<a href="../Git-Tools-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
452
|
+
</li>
|
453
|
+
</ol>
|
454
|
+
</li>
|
455
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
456
|
+
<h2>8. <a href="_external_merge_tools.html">Customizing Git</a></h2>
|
457
|
+
<ol>
|
458
|
+
<li>
|
459
|
+
8.1
|
460
|
+
<a href="_external_merge_tools.html" >Git Configuration </a>
|
461
|
+
</li>
|
462
|
+
<li>
|
463
|
+
8.2
|
464
|
+
<a href="_keyword_expansion.html" >Git Attributes </a>
|
465
|
+
</li>
|
466
|
+
<li>
|
467
|
+
8.3
|
468
|
+
<a href="_email_hooks.html" >Git Hooks </a>
|
469
|
+
</li>
|
470
|
+
<li>
|
471
|
+
8.4
|
472
|
+
<a href="_enforcing_commit_message_format.html" >An Example Git-Enforced Policy </a>
|
473
|
+
</li>
|
474
|
+
<li>
|
475
|
+
8.5
|
476
|
+
<a href="../Customizing-Git-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
477
|
+
</li>
|
478
|
+
</ol>
|
479
|
+
</li>
|
480
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
481
|
+
<h2>9. <a href="_git_svn.html">Git and Other Systems</a></h2>
|
482
|
+
<ol>
|
483
|
+
<li>
|
484
|
+
9.1
|
485
|
+
<a href="_git_svn.html" >Git as a Client </a>
|
486
|
+
</li>
|
487
|
+
<li>
|
488
|
+
9.2
|
489
|
+
<a href="_git_p4.html" >Migrating to Git </a>
|
490
|
+
</li>
|
491
|
+
<li>
|
492
|
+
9.3
|
493
|
+
<a href="../Git-and-Other-Systems-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
494
|
+
</li>
|
495
|
+
</ol>
|
496
|
+
</li>
|
497
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
498
|
+
<h2>10. <a href="_plumbing_porcelain.html">Git Internals</a></h2>
|
499
|
+
<ol>
|
500
|
+
<li>
|
501
|
+
10.1
|
502
|
+
<a href="_plumbing_porcelain.html" >Plumbing and Porcelain </a>
|
503
|
+
</li>
|
504
|
+
<li>
|
505
|
+
10.2
|
506
|
+
<a href="_git_commit_objects.html" >Git Objects </a>
|
507
|
+
</li>
|
508
|
+
<li>
|
509
|
+
10.3
|
510
|
+
<a href="ref_the_ref.html" >Git References </a>
|
511
|
+
</li>
|
512
|
+
<li>
|
513
|
+
10.4
|
514
|
+
<a href="../Git-Internals-Packfiles.html" >Packfiles </a>
|
515
|
+
</li>
|
516
|
+
<li>
|
517
|
+
10.5
|
518
|
+
<a href="_pushing_refspecs.html" >The Refspec </a>
|
519
|
+
</li>
|
520
|
+
<li>
|
521
|
+
10.6
|
522
|
+
<a href="../Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols.html" >Transfer Protocols </a>
|
523
|
+
</li>
|
524
|
+
<li>
|
525
|
+
10.7
|
526
|
+
<a href="_git_gc.html" class=active>Maintenance and Data Recovery </a>
|
527
|
+
</li>
|
528
|
+
<li>
|
529
|
+
10.8
|
530
|
+
<a href="../Git-Internals-Environment-Variables.html" >Environment Variables </a>
|
531
|
+
</li>
|
532
|
+
<li>
|
533
|
+
10.9
|
534
|
+
<a href="../Git-Internals-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
535
|
+
</li>
|
536
|
+
</ol>
|
537
|
+
</li>
|
538
|
+
</ol>
|
539
|
+
|
540
|
+
</div>
|
541
|
+
<div class='column-right'>
|
542
|
+
<ol class='book-toc'>
|
543
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
544
|
+
<h2>A1. <a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html">Appendix A: Git in Other Environments</a></h2>
|
545
|
+
<ol>
|
546
|
+
<li>
|
547
|
+
A1.1
|
548
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html" >Graphical Interfaces </a>
|
549
|
+
</li>
|
550
|
+
<li>
|
551
|
+
A1.2
|
552
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio.html" >Git in Visual Studio </a>
|
553
|
+
</li>
|
554
|
+
<li>
|
555
|
+
A1.3
|
556
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio-Code.html" >Git in Visual Studio Code </a>
|
557
|
+
</li>
|
558
|
+
<li>
|
559
|
+
A1.4
|
560
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-IntelliJ-%252F-PyCharm-%252F-WebStorm-%252F-PhpStorm-%252F-RubyMine.html" >Git in IntelliJ / PyCharm / WebStorm / PhpStorm / RubyMine </a>
|
561
|
+
</li>
|
562
|
+
<li>
|
563
|
+
A1.5
|
564
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Sublime-Text.html" >Git in Sublime Text </a>
|
565
|
+
</li>
|
566
|
+
<li>
|
567
|
+
A1.6
|
568
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Bash.html" >Git in Bash </a>
|
569
|
+
</li>
|
570
|
+
<li>
|
571
|
+
A1.7
|
572
|
+
<a href="oh_my_zsh_git.html" >Git in Zsh </a>
|
573
|
+
</li>
|
574
|
+
<li>
|
575
|
+
A1.8
|
576
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-PowerShell.html" >Git in PowerShell </a>
|
577
|
+
</li>
|
578
|
+
<li>
|
579
|
+
A1.9
|
580
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
|
581
|
+
</li>
|
582
|
+
</ol>
|
583
|
+
</li>
|
584
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
585
|
+
<h2>A2. <a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html">Appendix B: Embedding Git in your Applications</a></h2>
|
586
|
+
<ol>
|
587
|
+
<li>
|
588
|
+
A2.1
|
589
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html" >Command-line Git </a>
|
590
|
+
</li>
|
591
|
+
<li>
|
592
|
+
A2.2
|
593
|
+
<a href="_libgit2_bindings.html" >Libgit2 </a>
|
594
|
+
</li>
|
595
|
+
<li>
|
596
|
+
A2.3
|
597
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit.html" >JGit </a>
|
598
|
+
</li>
|
599
|
+
<li>
|
600
|
+
A2.4
|
601
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-go-git.html" >go-git </a>
|
602
|
+
</li>
|
603
|
+
<li>
|
604
|
+
A2.5
|
605
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Dulwich.html" >Dulwich </a>
|
606
|
+
</li>
|
607
|
+
</ol>
|
608
|
+
</li>
|
609
|
+
<li class='chapter'>
|
610
|
+
<h2>A3. <a href="ch_core_editor.html">Appendix C: Git Commands</a></h2>
|
611
|
+
<ol>
|
612
|
+
<li>
|
613
|
+
A3.1
|
614
|
+
<a href="ch_core_editor.html" >Setup and Config </a>
|
615
|
+
</li>
|
616
|
+
<li>
|
617
|
+
A3.2
|
618
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects.html" >Getting and Creating Projects </a>
|
619
|
+
</li>
|
620
|
+
<li>
|
621
|
+
A3.3
|
622
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting.html" >Basic Snapshotting </a>
|
623
|
+
</li>
|
624
|
+
<li>
|
625
|
+
A3.4
|
626
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging.html" >Branching and Merging </a>
|
627
|
+
</li>
|
628
|
+
<li>
|
629
|
+
A3.5
|
630
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects.html" >Sharing and Updating Projects </a>
|
631
|
+
</li>
|
632
|
+
<li>
|
633
|
+
A3.6
|
634
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison.html" >Inspection and Comparison </a>
|
635
|
+
</li>
|
636
|
+
<li>
|
637
|
+
A3.7
|
638
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging.html" >Debugging </a>
|
639
|
+
</li>
|
640
|
+
<li>
|
641
|
+
A3.8
|
642
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Patching.html" >Patching </a>
|
643
|
+
</li>
|
644
|
+
<li>
|
645
|
+
A3.9
|
646
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Email.html" >Email </a>
|
647
|
+
</li>
|
648
|
+
<li>
|
649
|
+
A3.10
|
650
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems.html" >External Systems </a>
|
651
|
+
</li>
|
652
|
+
<li>
|
653
|
+
A3.11
|
654
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Administration.html" >Administration </a>
|
655
|
+
</li>
|
656
|
+
<li>
|
657
|
+
A3.12
|
658
|
+
<a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands.html" >Plumbing Commands </a>
|
659
|
+
</li>
|
660
|
+
</ol>
|
661
|
+
</li>
|
662
|
+
</ol>
|
663
|
+
|
664
|
+
</div>
|
665
|
+
</div>
|
666
|
+
</div>
|
667
|
+
|
668
|
+
<span class="light" id="edition">
|
669
|
+
2nd Edition
|
670
|
+
</span>
|
671
|
+
</div>
|
672
|
+
|
673
|
+
<div id='main' class="book edition2">
|
674
|
+
<h1>10.7 Git Internals - Maintenance and Data Recovery</h1>
|
675
|
+
<div>
|
676
|
+
<h2 id="_maintenance_and_data_recovery">Maintenance and Data Recovery</h2>
|
677
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
678
|
+
<p>Occasionally, you may have to do some cleanup – make a repository more compact, clean up an imported repository, or recover lost work.
|
679
|
+
This section will cover some of these scenarios.</p>
|
680
|
+
</div>
|
681
|
+
<div class="sect3">
|
682
|
+
<h3 id="_git_gc">Maintenance</h3>
|
683
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
684
|
+
<p>Occasionally, Git automatically runs a command called “auto gc”.
|
685
|
+
Most of the time, this command does nothing.
|
686
|
+
However, if there are too many loose objects (objects not in a packfile) or too many packfiles, Git launches a full-fledged <code>git gc</code> command.
|
687
|
+
The “gc” stands for garbage collect, and the command does a number of things: it gathers up all the loose objects and places them in packfiles, it consolidates packfiles into one big packfile, and it removes objects that aren’t reachable from any commit and are a few months old.</p>
|
688
|
+
</div>
|
689
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
690
|
+
<p>You can run auto gc manually as follows:</p>
|
691
|
+
</div>
|
692
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
693
|
+
<div class="content">
|
694
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git gc --auto</code></pre>
|
695
|
+
</div>
|
696
|
+
</div>
|
697
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
698
|
+
<p>Again, this generally does nothing.
|
699
|
+
You must have around 7,000 loose objects or more than 50 packfiles for Git to fire up a real gc command.
|
700
|
+
You can modify these limits with the <code>gc.auto</code> and <code>gc.autopacklimit</code> config settings, respectively.</p>
|
701
|
+
</div>
|
702
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
703
|
+
<p>The other thing <code>gc</code> will do is pack up your references into a single file.
|
704
|
+
Suppose your repository contains the following branches and tags:</p>
|
705
|
+
</div>
|
706
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
707
|
+
<div class="content">
|
708
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ find .git/refs -type f
|
709
|
+
.git/refs/heads/experiment
|
710
|
+
.git/refs/heads/master
|
711
|
+
.git/refs/tags/v1.0
|
712
|
+
.git/refs/tags/v1.1</code></pre>
|
713
|
+
</div>
|
714
|
+
</div>
|
715
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
716
|
+
<p>If you run <code>git gc</code>, you’ll no longer have these files in the <code>refs</code> directory.
|
717
|
+
Git will move them for the sake of efficiency into a file named <code>.git/packed-refs</code> that looks like this:</p>
|
718
|
+
</div>
|
719
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
720
|
+
<div class="content">
|
721
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ cat .git/packed-refs
|
722
|
+
# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled
|
723
|
+
cac0cab538b970a37ea1e769cbbde608743bc96d refs/heads/experiment
|
724
|
+
ab1afef80fac8e34258ff41fc1b867c702daa24b refs/heads/master
|
725
|
+
cac0cab538b970a37ea1e769cbbde608743bc96d refs/tags/v1.0
|
726
|
+
9585191f37f7b0fb9444f35a9bf50de191beadc2 refs/tags/v1.1
|
727
|
+
^1a410efbd13591db07496601ebc7a059dd55cfe9</code></pre>
|
728
|
+
</div>
|
729
|
+
</div>
|
730
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
731
|
+
<p>If you update a reference, Git doesn’t edit this file but instead writes a new file to <code>refs/heads</code>.
|
732
|
+
To get the appropriate SHA-1 for a given reference, Git checks for that reference in the <code>refs</code> directory and then checks the <code>packed-refs</code> file as a fallback.
|
733
|
+
So if you can’t find a reference in the <code>refs</code> directory, it’s probably in your <code>packed-refs</code> file.</p>
|
734
|
+
</div>
|
735
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
736
|
+
<p>Notice the last line of the file, which begins with a <code>^</code>.
|
737
|
+
This means the tag directly above is an annotated tag and that line is the commit that the annotated tag points to.</p>
|
738
|
+
</div>
|
739
|
+
</div>
|
740
|
+
<div class="sect3">
|
741
|
+
<h3 id="_data_recovery">Data Recovery</h3>
|
742
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
743
|
+
<p>At some point in your Git journey, you may accidentally lose a commit.
|
744
|
+
Generally, this happens because you force-delete a branch that had work on it, and it turns out you wanted the branch after all; or you hard-reset a branch, thus abandoning commits that you wanted something from.
|
745
|
+
Assuming this happens, how can you get your commits back?</p>
|
746
|
+
</div>
|
747
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
748
|
+
<p>Here’s an example that hard-resets the <code>master</code> branch in your test repository to an older commit and then recovers the lost commits.
|
749
|
+
First, let’s review where your repository is at this point:</p>
|
750
|
+
</div>
|
751
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
752
|
+
<div class="content">
|
753
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log --pretty=oneline
|
754
|
+
ab1afef80fac8e34258ff41fc1b867c702daa24b Modify repo.rb a bit
|
755
|
+
484a59275031909e19aadb7c92262719cfcdf19a Create repo.rb
|
756
|
+
1a410efbd13591db07496601ebc7a059dd55cfe9 Third commit
|
757
|
+
cac0cab538b970a37ea1e769cbbde608743bc96d Second commit
|
758
|
+
fdf4fc3344e67ab068f836878b6c4951e3b15f3d First commit</code></pre>
|
759
|
+
</div>
|
760
|
+
</div>
|
761
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
762
|
+
<p>Now, move the <code>master</code> branch back to the middle commit:</p>
|
763
|
+
</div>
|
764
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
765
|
+
<div class="content">
|
766
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git reset --hard 1a410efbd13591db07496601ebc7a059dd55cfe9
|
767
|
+
HEAD is now at 1a410ef Third commit
|
768
|
+
$ git log --pretty=oneline
|
769
|
+
1a410efbd13591db07496601ebc7a059dd55cfe9 Third commit
|
770
|
+
cac0cab538b970a37ea1e769cbbde608743bc96d Second commit
|
771
|
+
fdf4fc3344e67ab068f836878b6c4951e3b15f3d First commit</code></pre>
|
772
|
+
</div>
|
773
|
+
</div>
|
774
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
775
|
+
<p>You’ve effectively lost the top two commits – you have no branch from which those commits are reachable.
|
776
|
+
You need to find the latest commit SHA-1 and then add a branch that points to it.
|
777
|
+
The trick is finding that latest commit SHA-1 – it’s not like you’ve memorized it, right?</p>
|
778
|
+
</div>
|
779
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
780
|
+
<p>Often, the quickest way is to use a tool called <code>git reflog</code>.
|
781
|
+
As you’re working, Git silently records what your HEAD is every time you change it.
|
782
|
+
Each time you commit or change branches, the reflog is updated.
|
783
|
+
The reflog is also updated by the <code>git update-ref</code> command, which is another reason to use it instead of just writing the SHA-1 value to your ref files, as we covered in <a href="_git_refs.html">Git References</a>.
|
784
|
+
You can see where you’ve been at any time by running <code>git reflog</code>:</p>
|
785
|
+
</div>
|
786
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
787
|
+
<div class="content">
|
788
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git reflog
|
789
|
+
1a410ef HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 1a410ef
|
790
|
+
ab1afef HEAD@{1}: commit: Modify repo.rb a bit
|
791
|
+
484a592 HEAD@{2}: commit: Create repo.rb</code></pre>
|
792
|
+
</div>
|
793
|
+
</div>
|
794
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
795
|
+
<p>Here we can see the two commits that we have had checked out, however there is not much information here.
|
796
|
+
To see the same information in a much more useful way, we can run <code>git log -g</code>, which will give you a normal log output for your reflog.</p>
|
797
|
+
</div>
|
798
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
799
|
+
<div class="content">
|
800
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log -g
|
801
|
+
commit 1a410efbd13591db07496601ebc7a059dd55cfe9
|
802
|
+
Reflog: HEAD@{0} (Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com>)
|
803
|
+
Reflog message: updating HEAD
|
804
|
+
Author: Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com>
|
805
|
+
Date: Fri May 22 18:22:37 2009 -0700
|
806
|
+
|
807
|
+
Third commit
|
808
|
+
|
809
|
+
commit ab1afef80fac8e34258ff41fc1b867c702daa24b
|
810
|
+
Reflog: HEAD@{1} (Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com>)
|
811
|
+
Reflog message: updating HEAD
|
812
|
+
Author: Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com>
|
813
|
+
Date: Fri May 22 18:15:24 2009 -0700
|
814
|
+
|
815
|
+
Modify repo.rb a bit</code></pre>
|
816
|
+
</div>
|
817
|
+
</div>
|
818
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
819
|
+
<p>It looks like the bottom commit is the one you lost, so you can recover it by creating a new branch at that commit.
|
820
|
+
For example, you can start a branch named <code>recover-branch</code> at that commit (ab1afef):</p>
|
821
|
+
</div>
|
822
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
823
|
+
<div class="content">
|
824
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git branch recover-branch ab1afef
|
825
|
+
$ git log --pretty=oneline recover-branch
|
826
|
+
ab1afef80fac8e34258ff41fc1b867c702daa24b Modify repo.rb a bit
|
827
|
+
484a59275031909e19aadb7c92262719cfcdf19a Create repo.rb
|
828
|
+
1a410efbd13591db07496601ebc7a059dd55cfe9 Third commit
|
829
|
+
cac0cab538b970a37ea1e769cbbde608743bc96d Second commit
|
830
|
+
fdf4fc3344e67ab068f836878b6c4951e3b15f3d First commit</code></pre>
|
831
|
+
</div>
|
832
|
+
</div>
|
833
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
834
|
+
<p>Cool – now you have a branch named <code>recover-branch</code> that is where your <code>master</code> branch used to be, making the first two commits reachable again.
|
835
|
+
Next, suppose your loss was for some reason not in the reflog – you can simulate that by removing <code>recover-branch</code> and deleting the reflog.
|
836
|
+
Now the first two commits aren’t reachable by anything:</p>
|
837
|
+
</div>
|
838
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
839
|
+
<div class="content">
|
840
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git branch -D recover-branch
|
841
|
+
$ rm -Rf .git/logs/</code></pre>
|
842
|
+
</div>
|
843
|
+
</div>
|
844
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
845
|
+
<p>Because the reflog data is kept in the <code>.git/logs/</code> directory, you effectively have no reflog.
|
846
|
+
How can you recover that commit at this point?
|
847
|
+
One way is to use the <code>git fsck</code> utility, which checks your database for integrity.
|
848
|
+
If you run it with the <code>--full</code> option, it shows you all objects that aren’t pointed to by another object:</p>
|
849
|
+
</div>
|
850
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
851
|
+
<div class="content">
|
852
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git fsck --full
|
853
|
+
Checking object directories: 100% (256/256), done.
|
854
|
+
Checking objects: 100% (18/18), done.
|
855
|
+
dangling blob d670460b4b4aece5915caf5c68d12f560a9fe3e4
|
856
|
+
dangling commit ab1afef80fac8e34258ff41fc1b867c702daa24b
|
857
|
+
dangling tree aea790b9a58f6cf6f2804eeac9f0abbe9631e4c9
|
858
|
+
dangling blob 7108f7ecb345ee9d0084193f147cdad4d2998293</code></pre>
|
859
|
+
</div>
|
860
|
+
</div>
|
861
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
862
|
+
<p>In this case, you can see your missing commit after the string “dangling commit”.
|
863
|
+
You can recover it the same way, by adding a branch that points to that SHA-1.</p>
|
864
|
+
</div>
|
865
|
+
</div>
|
866
|
+
<div class="sect3">
|
867
|
+
<h3 id="_removing_objects">Removing Objects</h3>
|
868
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
869
|
+
<p>There are a lot of great things about Git, but one feature that can cause issues is the fact that a <code>git clone</code> downloads the entire history of the project, including every version of every file.
|
870
|
+
This is fine if the whole thing is source code, because Git is highly optimized to compress that data efficiently.
|
871
|
+
However, if someone at any point in the history of your project added a single huge file, every clone for all time will be forced to download that large file, even if it was removed from the project in the very next commit.
|
872
|
+
Because it’s reachable from the history, it will always be there.</p>
|
873
|
+
</div>
|
874
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
875
|
+
<p>This can be a huge problem when you’re converting Subversion or Perforce repositories into Git.
|
876
|
+
Because you don’t download the whole history in those systems, this type of addition carries few consequences.
|
877
|
+
If you did an import from another system or otherwise find that your repository is much larger than it should be, here is how you can find and remove large objects.</p>
|
878
|
+
</div>
|
879
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
880
|
+
<p><strong>Be warned: this technique is destructive to your commit history.</strong>
|
881
|
+
It rewrites every commit object since the earliest tree you have to modify to remove a large file reference.
|
882
|
+
If you do this immediately after an import, before anyone has started to base work on the commit, you’re fine – otherwise, you have to notify all contributors that they must rebase their work onto your new commits.</p>
|
883
|
+
</div>
|
884
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
885
|
+
<p>To demonstrate, you’ll add a large file into your test repository, remove it in the next commit, find it, and remove it permanently from the repository.
|
886
|
+
First, add a large object to your history:</p>
|
887
|
+
</div>
|
888
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
889
|
+
<div class="content">
|
890
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ curl -L https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.1.0.tar.gz > git.tgz
|
891
|
+
$ git add git.tgz
|
892
|
+
$ git commit -m 'Add git tarball'
|
893
|
+
[master 7b30847] Add git tarball
|
894
|
+
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
|
895
|
+
create mode 100644 git.tgz</code></pre>
|
896
|
+
</div>
|
897
|
+
</div>
|
898
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
899
|
+
<p>Oops – you didn’t want to add a huge tarball to your project.
|
900
|
+
Better get rid of it:</p>
|
901
|
+
</div>
|
902
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
903
|
+
<div class="content">
|
904
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git rm git.tgz
|
905
|
+
rm 'git.tgz'
|
906
|
+
$ git commit -m 'Oops - remove large tarball'
|
907
|
+
[master dadf725] Oops - remove large tarball
|
908
|
+
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
|
909
|
+
delete mode 100644 git.tgz</code></pre>
|
910
|
+
</div>
|
911
|
+
</div>
|
912
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
913
|
+
<p>Now, <code>gc</code> your database and see how much space you’re using:</p>
|
914
|
+
</div>
|
915
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
916
|
+
<div class="content">
|
917
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git gc
|
918
|
+
Counting objects: 17, done.
|
919
|
+
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
|
920
|
+
Compressing objects: 100% (13/13), done.
|
921
|
+
Writing objects: 100% (17/17), done.
|
922
|
+
Total 17 (delta 1), reused 10 (delta 0)</code></pre>
|
923
|
+
</div>
|
924
|
+
</div>
|
925
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
926
|
+
<p>You can run the <code>count-objects</code> command to quickly see how much space you’re using:</p>
|
927
|
+
</div>
|
928
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
929
|
+
<div class="content">
|
930
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git count-objects -v
|
931
|
+
count: 7
|
932
|
+
size: 32
|
933
|
+
in-pack: 17
|
934
|
+
packs: 1
|
935
|
+
size-pack: 4868
|
936
|
+
prune-packable: 0
|
937
|
+
garbage: 0
|
938
|
+
size-garbage: 0</code></pre>
|
939
|
+
</div>
|
940
|
+
</div>
|
941
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
942
|
+
<p>The <code>size-pack</code> entry is the size of your packfiles in kilobytes, so you’re using almost 5MB.
|
943
|
+
Before the last commit, you were using closer to 2K – clearly, removing the file from the previous commit didn’t remove it from your history.
|
944
|
+
Every time anyone clones this repository, they will have to clone all 5MB just to get this tiny project, because you accidentally added a big file.
|
945
|
+
Let’s get rid of it.</p>
|
946
|
+
</div>
|
947
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
948
|
+
<p>First you have to find it.
|
949
|
+
In this case, you already know what file it is.
|
950
|
+
But suppose you didn’t; how would you identify what file or files were taking up so much space?
|
951
|
+
If you run <code>git gc</code>, all the objects are in a packfile; you can identify the big objects by running another plumbing command called <code>git verify-pack</code> and sorting on the third field in the output, which is file size.
|
952
|
+
You can also pipe it through the <code>tail</code> command because you’re only interested in the last few largest files:</p>
|
953
|
+
</div>
|
954
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
955
|
+
<div class="content">
|
956
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git verify-pack -v .git/objects/pack/pack-29…69.idx \
|
957
|
+
| sort -k 3 -n \
|
958
|
+
| tail -3
|
959
|
+
dadf7258d699da2c8d89b09ef6670edb7d5f91b4 commit 229 159 12
|
960
|
+
033b4468fa6b2a9547a70d88d1bbe8bf3f9ed0d5 blob 22044 5792 4977696
|
961
|
+
82c99a3e86bb1267b236a4b6eff7868d97489af1 blob 4975916 4976258 1438</code></pre>
|
962
|
+
</div>
|
963
|
+
</div>
|
964
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
965
|
+
<p>The big object is at the bottom: 5MB.
|
966
|
+
To find out what file it is, you’ll use the <code>rev-list</code> command, which you used briefly in <a href="_enforcing_commit_message_format.html">Enforcing a Specific Commit-Message Format</a>.
|
967
|
+
If you pass <code>--objects</code> to <code>rev-list</code>, it lists all the commit SHA-1s and also the blob SHA-1s with the file paths associated with them.
|
968
|
+
You can use this to find your blob’s name:</p>
|
969
|
+
</div>
|
970
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
971
|
+
<div class="content">
|
972
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git rev-list --objects --all | grep 82c99a3
|
973
|
+
82c99a3e86bb1267b236a4b6eff7868d97489af1 git.tgz</code></pre>
|
974
|
+
</div>
|
975
|
+
</div>
|
976
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
977
|
+
<p>Now, you need to remove this file from all trees in your past.
|
978
|
+
You can easily see what commits modified this file:</p>
|
979
|
+
</div>
|
980
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
981
|
+
<div class="content">
|
982
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log --oneline --branches -- git.tgz
|
983
|
+
dadf725 Oops - remove large tarball
|
984
|
+
7b30847 Add git tarball</code></pre>
|
985
|
+
</div>
|
986
|
+
</div>
|
987
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
988
|
+
<p>You must rewrite all the commits downstream from <code>7b30847</code> to fully remove this file from your Git history.
|
989
|
+
To do so, you use <code>filter-branch</code>, which you used in <a href="_rewriting_history.html">Rewriting History</a>:</p>
|
990
|
+
</div>
|
991
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
992
|
+
<div class="content">
|
993
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git filter-branch --index-filter \
|
994
|
+
'git rm --ignore-unmatch --cached git.tgz' -- 7b30847^..
|
995
|
+
Rewrite 7b30847d080183a1ab7d18fb202473b3096e9f34 (1/2)rm 'git.tgz'
|
996
|
+
Rewrite dadf7258d699da2c8d89b09ef6670edb7d5f91b4 (2/2)
|
997
|
+
Ref 'refs/heads/master' was rewritten</code></pre>
|
998
|
+
</div>
|
999
|
+
</div>
|
1000
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
1001
|
+
<p>The <code>--index-filter</code> option is similar to the <code>--tree-filter</code> option used in <a href="_rewriting_history.html">Rewriting History</a>, except that instead of passing a command that modifies files checked out on disk, you’re modifying your staging area or index each time.</p>
|
1002
|
+
</div>
|
1003
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
1004
|
+
<p>Rather than remove a specific file with something like <code>rm file</code>, you have to remove it with <code>git rm --cached</code> – you must remove it from the index, not from disk.
|
1005
|
+
The reason to do it this way is speed – because Git doesn’t have to check out each revision to disk before running your filter, the process can be much, much faster.
|
1006
|
+
You can accomplish the same task with <code>--tree-filter</code> if you want.
|
1007
|
+
The <code>--ignore-unmatch</code> option to <code>git rm</code> tells it not to error out if the pattern you’re trying to remove isn’t there.
|
1008
|
+
Finally, you ask <code>filter-branch</code> to rewrite your history only from the <code>7b30847</code> commit up, because you know that is where this problem started.
|
1009
|
+
Otherwise, it will start from the beginning and will unnecessarily take longer.</p>
|
1010
|
+
</div>
|
1011
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
1012
|
+
<p>Your history no longer contains a reference to that file.
|
1013
|
+
However, your reflog and a new set of refs that Git added when you did the <code>filter-branch</code> under <code>.git/refs/original</code> still do, so you have to remove them and then repack the database.
|
1014
|
+
You need to get rid of anything that has a pointer to those old commits before you repack:</p>
|
1015
|
+
</div>
|
1016
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
1017
|
+
<div class="content">
|
1018
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ rm -Rf .git/refs/original
|
1019
|
+
$ rm -Rf .git/logs/
|
1020
|
+
$ git gc
|
1021
|
+
Counting objects: 15, done.
|
1022
|
+
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
|
1023
|
+
Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done.
|
1024
|
+
Writing objects: 100% (15/15), done.
|
1025
|
+
Total 15 (delta 1), reused 12 (delta 0)</code></pre>
|
1026
|
+
</div>
|
1027
|
+
</div>
|
1028
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
1029
|
+
<p>Let’s see how much space you saved.</p>
|
1030
|
+
</div>
|
1031
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
1032
|
+
<div class="content">
|
1033
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git count-objects -v
|
1034
|
+
count: 11
|
1035
|
+
size: 4904
|
1036
|
+
in-pack: 15
|
1037
|
+
packs: 1
|
1038
|
+
size-pack: 8
|
1039
|
+
prune-packable: 0
|
1040
|
+
garbage: 0
|
1041
|
+
size-garbage: 0</code></pre>
|
1042
|
+
</div>
|
1043
|
+
</div>
|
1044
|
+
<div class="paragraph">
|
1045
|
+
<p>The packed repository size is down to 8K, which is much better than 5MB.
|
1046
|
+
You can see from the size value that the big object is still in your loose objects, so it’s not gone; but it won’t be transferred on a push or subsequent clone, which is what is important.
|
1047
|
+
If you really wanted to, you could remove the object completely by running <code>git prune</code> with the <code>--expire</code> option:</p>
|
1048
|
+
</div>
|
1049
|
+
<div class="listingblock">
|
1050
|
+
<div class="content">
|
1051
|
+
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git prune --expire now
|
1052
|
+
$ git count-objects -v
|
1053
|
+
count: 0
|
1054
|
+
size: 0
|
1055
|
+
in-pack: 15
|
1056
|
+
packs: 1
|
1057
|
+
size-pack: 8
|
1058
|
+
prune-packable: 0
|
1059
|
+
garbage: 0
|
1060
|
+
size-garbage: 0</code></pre>
|
1061
|
+
</div>
|
1062
|
+
</div>
|
1063
|
+
</div>
|
1064
|
+
<div id="nav"><a href="../Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols.html">prev</a> | <a href="../Git-Internals-Environment-Variables.html">next</a></div></div>
|
1065
|
+
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|
1066
|
+
|
1067
|
+
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|
1068
|
+
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|
1069
|
+
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|
1070
|
+
<div class="site-source">
|
1071
|
+
<a href="https://git-scm.com/site">About this site</a><br>
|
1072
|
+
Patches, suggestions, and comments are welcome.
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1073
|
+
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|
1074
|
+
<div class="sfc-member">
|
1075
|
+
Git is a member of <a href="https://git-scm.com/sfc">Software Freedom Conservancy</a>
|
1076
|
+
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|
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1078
|
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1080
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|
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|
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