watir 7.0.0 → 7.2.2

data/spec/watirspec/elements/element_spec.rb

@@ -1,969 +1,1069 @@
-require 'watirspec_helper'
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
-describe 'Element' do
-  before :each do
-    @c = Selenium::WebDriver::Platform.mac? ? :command : :control
-    browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-  end
+require 'watirspec_helper'
 
-  describe '.new' do
-    it "finds elements matching the conditions when given a hash of :how => 'what' arguments" do
-      expect(browser.checkbox(name: 'new_user_interests', title: 'Dancing is fun!').value).to eq 'dancing'
-      expect(browser.text_field(class_name: 'name', index: 1).id).to eq 'new_user_last_name'
+module Watir
+  describe Element do
+    before do
+      @c = Selenium::WebDriver::Platform.mac? ? :command : :control
+      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
     end
 
-    it "raises UnknownObjectException when given a hash of :how => 'what' arguments (non-existing object)" do
-      expect { browser.text_field(index: 100, name: 'foo').id }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
-    end
+    describe '.new' do
+      it "finds elements matching the conditions when given a hash of :how => 'what' arguments" do
+        expect(browser.checkbox(name: 'new_user_interests', title: 'Dancing is fun!').value).to eq 'dancing'
+        expect(browser.text_field(class_name: 'name', index: 1).id).to eq 'new_user_last_name'
+      end
+
+      it "raises UnknownObjectException when given a hash of :how => 'what' arguments (non-existing object)" do
+        expect { browser.text_field(index: 100, name: 'foo').id }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
 
-    it 'raises ArgumentError if given the wrong number of arguments' do
-      container = double('container').as_null_object
-      expect { Watir::Element.new(container, 1, 2, 3, 4) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
-      expect { Watir::Element.new(container, 'foo') }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      it 'raises ArgumentError if given the wrong number of arguments' do
+        expect { described_class.new(browser.wd, 'foo') }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#element_call' do
-    it 'handles exceptions when taking an action on a stale element' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('removed_element.html')
+    describe '#element_call' do
+      it 'handles exceptions when taking an action on a stale element' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('removed_element.html')
 
-      element = browser.div(id: 'text').locate
+        element = browser.div(id: 'text').locate
 
-      browser.refresh
+        browser.refresh
 
-      expect(element).to be_stale
-      expect { element.text }.to_not raise_error
-    end
+        expect(element).to be_stale
+        expect { element.text }.not_to raise_error
+      end
 
-    it 'relocates stale element when taking an action on it' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      element = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_first_name').locate
-      browser.refresh
-      expect { element.click }.not_to raise_exception
+      it 'relocates stale element when taking an action on it' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        element = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_first_name').locate
+        browser.refresh
+        expect { element.click }.not_to raise_exception
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#eq and #eql?' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('definition_lists.html') }
+    describe '#eq and #eql?' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('definition_lists.html') }
 
-    it 'returns true if the two elements point to the same DOM element' do
-      a = browser.dl(id: 'experience-list')
-      b = browser.dl
+      it 'returns true if the two elements point to the same DOM element' do
+        a = browser.dl(id: 'experience-list')
+        b = browser.dl
 
-      expect(a).to eq b
-      expect(a).to eql(b)
-    end
+        expect(a).to eq b
+        expect(a).to eql(b)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if the two elements are not the same' do
-      a = browser.dls[0]
-      b = browser.dls[1]
+      it 'returns false if the two elements are not the same' do
+        a = browser.dls[0]
+        b = browser.dls[1]
 
-      expect(a).to_not eq b
-      expect(a).to_not eql(b)
-    end
+        expect(a).not_to eq b
+        expect(a).not_to eql(b)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if the other object is not an Element' do
-      expect(browser.dl).to_not eq 1
+      it 'returns false if the other object is not an Element' do
+        expect(browser.dl).not_to eq 1
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe 'data-* attributes' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+    describe 'data-* attributes' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
 
-    it 'finds elements by a data-* attribute' do
-      expect(browser.p(data_type: 'ruby-library')).to exist
-    end
+      it 'finds elements by a data-* attribute' do
+        expect(browser.p(data_type: 'ruby-library')).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'returns the value of a data-* attribute' do
-      expect(browser.p.data_type).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      it 'returns the value of a data-* attribute' do
+        expect(browser.p.data_type).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe 'aria-* attributes' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('aria_attributes.html') }
+    describe 'aria-* attributes' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('aria_attributes.html') }
 
-    it 'finds elements by a aria-* attribute' do
-      expect(browser.p(aria_label: 'ruby-library')).to exist
-    end
+      it 'finds elements by a aria-* attribute' do
+        expect(browser.p(aria_label: 'ruby-library')).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'returns the value of a aria-* attribute' do
-      expect(browser.p.aria_label).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      it 'returns the value of a aria-* attribute' do
+        expect(browser.p.aria_label).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe 'visible text' do
-    it 'finds elements by visible text' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+    describe 'visible text' do
+      it 'finds elements by visible text' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
 
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'all visible')).to exist
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: /all visible/)).to exist
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: /some visible/)).to exist
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'Link 2', class: 'external')).to exist
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: /Link 2/, class: 'external')).to exist
-    end
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'all visible')).to exist
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: /all visible/)).to exist
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: /some visible/)).to exist
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'Link 2', class: 'external')).to exist
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: /Link 2/, class: 'external')).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'finds elements by visible text in spite of hidden text',
-       except: {browser: :safari, reason: 'Safari is not filtering out hidden text'} do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+      it 'finds elements by visible text in spite of hidden text',
+         except: {browser: :safari, reason: 'Safari is not filtering out hidden text'} do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
 
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'some visible')).to exist
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'none visible')).not_to exist
-      expect(browser.element(visible_text: /none visible/)).not_to exist
-    end
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'some visible')).to exist
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: 'none visible')).not_to exist
+        expect(browser.element(visible_text: /none visible/)).not_to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'raises exception unless value is a String or a RegExp' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      msg = /expected one of \[String, Regexp\], got 7:Integer/
-      expect { browser.element(visible_text: 7).exists? }.to raise_exception(TypeError, msg)
-    end
+      it 'raises exception unless value is a String or a RegExp' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        msg = /expected one of \[String, Regexp\], got 7:Integer/
+        expect { browser.element(visible_text: 7).exists? }.to raise_exception(TypeError, msg)
+      end
 
-    it 'raises exception unless key is valid' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      msg = /Unable to build XPath using 7:Integer/
-      expect { browser.element(7 => /foo/).exists? }.to raise_exception(Watir::Exception::Error, msg)
+      it 'raises exception unless key is valid' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        msg = /Unable to build XPath using 7:Integer/
+        expect { browser.element(7 => /foo/).exists? }.to raise_exception(Watir::Exception::Error, msg)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe 'finding with unknown tag name' do
-    it 'finds an element without arguments' do
-      expect(browser.element).to exist
-    end
+    describe 'finding with unknown tag name' do
+      it 'finds an element without arguments' do
+        expect(browser.element).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'finds an element by xpath' do
-      expect(browser.element(xpath: "//*[@for='new_user_first_name']")).to exist
-    end
+      it 'finds an element by xpath' do
+        expect(browser.element(xpath: "//*[@for='new_user_first_name']")).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'finds an element by arbitrary attribute' do
-      expect(browser.element(title: 'no title')).to exist
-    end
+      it 'finds an element by arbitrary attribute' do
+        expect(browser.element(title: 'no title')).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'finds several elements by xpath' do
-      expect(browser.elements(xpath: '//a').length).to eq 1
-    end
+      it 'finds several elements by xpath' do
+        expect(browser.elements(xpath: '//a').length).to eq 1
+      end
 
-    it 'finds several elements by arbitrary attribute' do
-      expect(browser.elements(id: /^new_user/).length).to eq 33
-    end
+      it 'finds several elements by arbitrary attribute' do
+        expect(browser.elements(id: /^new_user/).length).to eq 33
+      end
 
-    it "finds an element from an element's subtree" do
-      expect(browser.fieldset.element(id: 'first_label')).to exist
-      expect(browser.field_set.element(id: 'first_label')).to exist
-    end
+      it "finds an element from an element's subtree" do
+        expect(browser.fieldset.element(id: 'first_label')).to exist
+        expect(browser.field_set.element(id: 'first_label')).to exist
+      end
 
-    it "finds several elements from an element's subtree" do
-      expect(browser.fieldset.elements(xpath: './/label').length).to eq 23
+      it "finds several elements from an element's subtree" do
+        expect(browser.fieldset.elements(xpath: './/label').length).to eq 23
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#to_subtype' do
-    it 'returns a CheckBox instance' do
-      e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='checkbox']").to_subtype
-      expect(e).to be_kind_of(Watir::CheckBox)
-    end
+    describe '#to_subtype' do
+      it 'returns a CheckBox instance' do
+        e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='checkbox']").to_subtype
+        expect(e).to be_a(Watir::CheckBox)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns a Radio instance' do
-      e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='radio']").to_subtype
-      expect(e).to be_kind_of(Watir::Radio)
-    end
+      it 'returns a Radio instance' do
+        e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='radio']").to_subtype
+        expect(e).to be_a(Watir::Radio)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns a Button instance' do
-      es = [
-        browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='button']").to_subtype,
-        browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='submit']").to_subtype,
-        browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='reset']").to_subtype,
-        browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='image']").to_subtype
-      ]
+      it 'returns a Button instance' do
+        es = [
+          browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='button']").to_subtype,
+          browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='submit']").to_subtype,
+          browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='reset']").to_subtype,
+          browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='image']").to_subtype
+        ]
 
-      es.all? { |e| expect(e).to be_kind_of(Watir::Button) }
-    end
+        es.all? { |e| expect(e).to be_a(Watir::Button) }
+      end
 
-    it 'returns a TextField instance' do
-      e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='text']").to_subtype
-      expect(e).to be_kind_of(Watir::TextField)
-    end
+      it 'returns a TextField instance' do
+        e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='text']").to_subtype
+        expect(e).to be_a(Watir::TextField)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns a FileField instance' do
-      e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='file']").to_subtype
-      expect(e).to be_kind_of(Watir::FileField)
-    end
+      it 'returns a FileField instance' do
+        e = browser.input(xpath: "//input[@type='file']").to_subtype
+        expect(e).to be_a(Watir::FileField)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns a Div instance' do
-      el = browser.element(xpath: "//*[@id='messages']").to_subtype
-      expect(el).to be_kind_of(Watir::Div)
+      it 'returns a Div instance' do
+        el = browser.element(xpath: "//*[@id='messages']").to_subtype
+        expect(el).to be_a(Watir::Div)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#focus' do
-    it 'fires the onfocus event for the given element' do
-      tf = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_occupation')
-      expect(tf.value).to eq 'Developer'
-      tf.focus
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'onfocus_test').text).to eq 'changed by onfocus event'
+    describe '#focus' do
+      it 'fires the onfocus event for the given element' do
+        tf = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_occupation')
+        expect(tf.value).to eq 'Developer'
+        tf.focus
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'onfocus_test').text).to eq 'changed by onfocus event'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#focused?',
-           except: {browser: :firefox,
-                    remote: true,
-                    reason: 'https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/2555'} do
-    it 'knows if the element is focused' do
-      expect(browser.element(id: 'new_user_first_name')).to be_focused
-      expect(browser.element(id: 'new_user_last_name')).to_not be_focused
+    describe '#focused?',
+             except: {browser: :firefox,
+                      driver: :remote_driver,
+                      reason: 'https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/2555'} do
+      it 'knows if the element is focused' do
+        expect(browser.element(id: 'new_user_first_name')).to be_focused
+        expect(browser.element(id: 'new_user_last_name')).not_to be_focused
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#fire_event' do
-    it 'should fire the given event' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'onfocus_test').text).to be_empty
-      browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_occupation').fire_event('onfocus')
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'onfocus_test').text).to eq 'changed by onfocus event'
+    describe '#fire_event' do
+      it 'fires the given event' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'onfocus_test').text).to be_empty
+        browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_occupation').fire_event('onfocus')
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'onfocus_test').text).to eq 'changed by onfocus event'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#cache=' do
-    it 'bypasses selector location' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+    describe '#cache=' do
+      it 'bypasses selector location' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
 
-      wd = browser.div.wd
-      element = Watir::Element.new(browser, id: 'not_valid')
-      element.cache = wd
-
-      expect(element).to exist
-    end
+        wd = browser.div.wd
+        element = described_class.new(browser, id: 'not_valid')
+        element.cache = wd
 
-    it 'can be cleared' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        expect(element).to exist
+      end
 
-      wd = browser.div.wd
-      element = Watir::Element.new(browser, id: 'not_valid')
-      element.cache = wd
+      it 'can be cleared' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
 
-      browser.refresh
-      expect(element).to_not exist
-    end
-  end
+        wd = browser.div.wd
+        element = described_class.new(browser, id: 'not_valid')
+        element.cache = wd
 
-  describe '#exists?' do
-    before do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('removed_element.html')
+        browser.refresh
+        expect(element).not_to exist
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'element from a collection is re-looked up after it becomes stale',
-       except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'throwing NoSuchElement instead'} do
-      element = browser.divs(id: 'text').first.locate
-
-      browser.refresh
-
-      expect(element).to be_stale
-      expect(element).to exist
-    end
+    describe '#exists?' do
+      before do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('removed_element.html')
+      end
 
-    it 'element from a selenium element throws an exception when relocated',
-       except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'throwing NoSuchElement instead'} do
-      div = browser.div.locate
-      element = browser.element(element: div.wd)
+      it 'element from a collection is re-looked up after it becomes stale',
+         except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'throwing NoSuchElement instead'} do
+        element = browser.divs(id: 'text').first.locate
 
-      browser.refresh
-      expect(element).to be_stale
+        browser.refresh
 
-      msg = 'Can not relocate a Watir element initialized by a Selenium element'
-      expect { element.exists? }.to raise_exception(Watir::Exception::LocatorException, msg)
-    end
+        expect(element).to be_stale
+        expect(element).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'element from a selenium element with other locators throws an exception' do
-      div = browser.div.locate
-      element = browser.element(element: div.wd, id: 'foo')
+      it 'element from a selenium element throws an exception when relocated',
+         except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'throwing NoSuchElement instead'} do
+        div = browser.div.locate
+        element = browser.element(element: div.wd)
 
-      browser.refresh
+        browser.refresh
+        expect(element).to be_stale
 
-      msg = 'Can not relocate a Watir element initialized by a Selenium element'
-      expect { element.exists? }.to raise_exception(Watir::Exception::LocatorException, msg)
-    end
+        msg = 'Can not relocate a Watir element initialized by a Selenium element'
+        expect { element.exists? }.to raise_exception(Watir::Exception::LocatorException, msg)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false when tag name does not match id' do
-      watir_element = browser.span(id: 'text')
-      expect(watir_element).to_not exist
-    end
-  end
+      it 'element from a selenium element with other locators throws an exception' do
+        div = browser.div.locate
+        element = browser.element(element: div.wd, id: 'foo')
 
-  describe '#present?' do
-    before do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('wait.html'))
-    end
+        browser.refresh
 
-    it 'returns true if the element exists and is visible' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'foo')).to be_present
-    end
+        msg = 'Can not relocate a Watir element initialized by a Selenium element'
+        expect { element.exists? }.to raise_exception(Watir::Exception::LocatorException, msg)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if the element exists but is not visible' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'bar')).to_not be_present
+      it 'returns false when tag name does not match id' do
+        watir_element = browser.span(id: 'text')
+        expect(watir_element).not_to exist
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'returns false if the element does not exist' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'should-not-exist')).to_not be_present
-    end
+    describe '#present?' do
+      before do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('wait.html'))
+      end
 
-    it 'handles staleness' do
-      element = browser.div(id: 'foo').locate
+      it 'returns true if the element exists and is visible' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'foo')).to be_present
+      end
 
-      allow(element).to receive(:stale?).and_return(true)
+      it 'returns false if the element exists but is not visible' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'bar')).not_to be_present
+      end
 
-      expect(element).to be_present
-    end
-  end
+      it 'returns false if the element does not exist' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'should-not-exist')).not_to be_present
+      end
 
-  describe '#enabled?' do
-    before do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-    end
+      it 'handles staleness' do
+        element = browser.div(id: 'foo').locate
 
-    it 'returns true if the element is enabled' do
-      expect(browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit')).to be_enabled
-    end
+        allow(element).to receive(:stale?).and_return(true)
 
-    it 'returns false if the element is disabled' do
-      expect(browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit_disabled')).to_not be_enabled
+        expect(element).to be_present
+      end
     end
 
-    it "raises UnknownObjectException if the element doesn't exist" do
-      expect { browser.button(name: 'no_such_name').enabled? }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
-    end
-  end
+    describe '#enabled?' do
+      before do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+      end
 
-  describe '#stale?' do
-    it 'returns true if the element is stale' do
-      element = browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit_disabled').locate
+      it 'returns true if the element is enabled' do
+        expect(browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit')).to be_enabled
+      end
 
-      browser.refresh
+      it 'returns false if the element is disabled' do
+        expect(browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit_disabled')).not_to be_enabled
+      end
 
-      expect(element).to be_stale
+      it "raises UnknownObjectException if the element doesn't exist" do
+        expect { browser.button(name: 'no_such_name').enabled? }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'returns true the second time if the element is stale',
-       except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'throwing NoSuchElement instead'} do
-      element = browser.div.locate
+    describe '#stale?' do
+      it 'returns true if the element is stale' do
+        element = browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit_disabled').locate
 
-      browser.refresh
+        browser.refresh
 
-      expect(element).to be_stale
-      expect(element).to be_stale
-    end
-
-    it 'returns false if the element is not stale' do
-      element = browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit_disabled').locate
+        expect(element).to be_stale
+      end
 
-      expect(element).to_not be_stale
-    end
-  end
+      it 'returns true the second time if the element is stale',
+         except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'throwing NoSuchElement instead'} do
+        element = browser.div.locate
 
-  describe '#exist?' do
-    context ':class locator' do
-      before do
-        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('class_locator.html'))
-      end
+        browser.refresh
 
-      it 'matches when the element has a single class' do
-        e = browser.div(class: 'a')
-        expect(e).to exist
-        expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a'
+        expect(element).to be_stale
+        expect(element).to be_stale
       end
 
-      it 'matches when the element has several classes' do
-        e = browser.div(class: 'b')
-        expect(e).to exist
-        expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a b c'
-      end
+      it 'returns false if the element is not stale' do
+        element = browser.button(name: 'new_user_submit_disabled').locate
 
-      it 'does not match only part of the class name' do
-        expect(browser.div(class: 'bc')).to_not exist
+        expect(element).not_to be_stale
       end
+    end
 
-      it 'matches part of the class name when given a regexp' do
-        expect(browser.div(class: /c/)).to exist
-      end
+    describe '#exist?' do
+      context 'when using :class locator' do
+        before do
+          browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('class_locator.html'))
+        end
 
-      context 'with multiple classes' do
         it 'matches when the element has a single class' do
-          e = browser.div(class: ['a'])
+          e = browser.div(class: 'a')
           expect(e).to exist
           expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a'
         end
 
-        it 'matches a non-ordered subset' do
-          e = browser.div(class: %w[c a])
+        it 'matches when the element has several classes' do
+          e = browser.div(class: 'b')
           expect(e).to exist
           expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a b c'
         end
 
-        it 'matches one with a negation' do
-          e = browser.div(class: ['!a'])
-          expect(e).to exist
-          expect(e.class_name).to eq 'abc'
+        it 'does not match only part of the class name' do
+          expect(browser.div(class: 'bc')).not_to exist
         end
 
-        it 'matches multiple with a negation' do
-          e = browser.div(class: ['a', '!c', 'b'])
-          expect(e).to exist
-          expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a b'
+        it 'matches part of the class name when given a regexp' do
+          expect(browser.div(class: /c/)).to exist
+        end
+
+        context 'with multiple classes' do
+          it 'matches when the element has a single class' do
+            e = browser.div(class: ['a'])
+            expect(e).to exist
+            expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a'
+          end
+
+          it 'matches a non-ordered subset' do
+            e = browser.div(class: %w[c a])
+            expect(e).to exist
+            expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a b c'
+          end
+
+          it 'matches one with a negation' do
+            e = browser.div(class: ['!a'])
+            expect(e).to exist
+            expect(e.class_name).to eq 'abc'
+          end
+
+          it 'matches multiple with a negation' do
+            e = browser.div(class: ['a', '!c', 'b'])
+            expect(e).to exist
+            expect(e.class_name).to eq 'a b'
+          end
+
+          it 'matches with any whitespace' do
+            e = browser.div(class: %w[newline tabbed])
+            expect(e).to exist
+            expect(e.class_name).to eq "first\nnewline\ttabbed last"
+          end
         end
       end
-    end
 
-    context 'attribute presence' do
-      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+      context 'when using attribute presence' do
+        before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+
+        it 'finds element by attribute presence' do
+          expect(browser.p(data_type: true)).to exist
+          expect(browser.p(class: true)).not_to exist
+        end
 
-      it 'finds element by attribute presence' do
-        expect(browser.p(data_type: true)).to exist
-        expect(browser.p(class: true)).not_to exist
+        it 'finds element by attribute absence' do
+          expect(browser.p(data_type: false)).not_to exist
+          expect(browser.p(class: false)).to exist
+        end
       end
 
-      it 'finds element by attribute absence' do
-        expect(browser.p(data_type: false)).not_to exist
-        expect(browser.p(class: false)).to exist
+      context 'when using :index locator' do
+        before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+
+        it 'finds the first element by index: 0' do
+          expect(browser.element(index: 0).tag_name).to eq 'html'
+        end
+
+        it 'finds the second element by index: 1' do
+          expect(browser.element(index: 1).tag_name).to eq 'head'
+        end
+
+        it 'finds the last element by index: -1' do
+          expect(browser.element(index: -1).tag_name).to eq 'div'
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    context ':index locator' do
-      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+      it "doesn't raise when called on nested elements" do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'no_such_div').link(id: 'no_such_id')).not_to exist
+      end
 
-      it 'finds the first element by index: 0' do
-        expect(browser.element(index: 0).tag_name).to eq 'html'
+      it "doesn't raise when selector has with :xpath has :index" do
+        expect(browser.div(xpath: '//div', index: 1)).to exist
       end
 
-      it 'finds the second element by index: 1' do
-        expect(browser.element(index: 1).tag_name).to eq 'head'
+      it "doesn't raise when selector has with :css has :index" do
+        expect(browser.div(css: 'div', index: 1)).to exist
       end
 
-      it 'finds the last element by index: -1' do
-        expect(browser.element(index: -1).tag_name).to eq 'div'
+      it 'finds element by Selenium name locator' do
+        expect(browser.element(name: 'new_user_first_name')).to exist
+        expect(browser.element(name: /new_user_first_name/)).to exist
       end
-    end
 
-    it "doesn't raise when called on nested elements" do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'no_such_div').link(id: 'no_such_id')).to_not exist
+      it 'returns false when tag name does not match id' do
+        watir_element = browser.span(id: 'text')
+        expect(watir_element).not_to exist
+      end
     end
 
-    it "doesn't raise when selector has with :xpath has :index" do
-      expect(browser.div(xpath: '//div', index: 1)).to exist
-    end
+    describe '#send_keys' do
+      before do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('keylogger.html'))
+      end
 
-    it "doesn't raise when selector has with :css has :index" do
-      expect(browser.div(css: 'div', index: 1)).to exist
-    end
+      let(:receiver) { browser.text_field(id: 'receiver') }
+      let(:events) { browser.element(id: 'output').ps.size }
 
-    it 'finds element by Selenium name locator' do
-      expect(browser.element(name: 'new_user_first_name')).to exist
-      expect(browser.element(name: /new_user_first_name/)).to exist
-    end
+      it 'sends keystrokes to the element' do
+        receiver.send_keys 'hello world'
+        expect(receiver.value).to eq 'hello world'
+        expect(events).to eq 11
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false when tag name does not match id' do
-      watir_element = browser.span(id: 'text')
-      expect(watir_element).to_not exist
-    end
-  end
+      it 'accepts arbitrary list of arguments' do
+        receiver.send_keys 'hello', 'world'
+        expect(receiver.value).to eq 'helloworld'
+        expect(events).to eq 10
+      end
 
-  describe '#send_keys' do
-    before(:each) do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('keylogger.html'))
-    end
+      context 'with key combinations',
+              except: [{browser: :firefox, reason: 'https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/245'},
+                       {browser: :safari}] do
+        it 'performs from array' do
+          receiver.send_keys 'foo'
+          receiver.send_keys [@c, 'a']
+          receiver.send_keys :backspace
+          expect(receiver.value).to be_empty
+          expect(events).to eq 6
+        end
 
-    let(:receiver) { browser.text_field(id: 'receiver') }
-    let(:events) { browser.element(id: 'output').ps.size }
+        it 'performs from multiple arrays' do
+          receiver.send_keys 'foo'
+          receiver.send_keys [@c, 'a'], [@c, 'x']
+          expect(receiver.value).to be_empty
+          expect(events).to eq 7
+        end
 
-    it 'sends keystrokes to the element' do
-      receiver.send_keys 'hello world'
-      expect(receiver.value).to eq 'hello world'
-      expect(events).to eq 11
+        it 'supports combination of strings and arrays' do
+          receiver.send_keys 'foo', [@c, 'a'], :backspace
+          expect(receiver.value).to be_empty
+          expect(events).to eq 6
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'accepts arbitrary list of arguments' do
-      receiver.send_keys 'hello', 'world'
-      expect(receiver.value).to eq 'helloworld'
-      expect(events).to eq 10
+    describe '#click' do
+      it 'accepts modifiers', except: {browser: :ie} do
+        browser.a.click(@c)
+        expect { browser.windows.wait_until(size: 2) }.not_to raise_exception
+      ensure
+        browser.windows.restore!
+      end
     end
 
-    context 'with key combinations',
-            except: [{browser: :firefox, reason: 'https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/245'},
-                     {browser: :safari}] do
-      it 'performs from array' do
-        receiver.send_keys 'foo'
-        receiver.send_keys [@c, 'a']
-        receiver.send_keys :backspace
-        expect(receiver.value).to be_empty
-        expect(events).to eq 6
+    describe '#set' do
+      it 'clicks an element by default that does not define #set' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'best_language').set
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'best_language').text).to eq 'Ruby!'
       end
 
-      it 'performs from multiple arrays' do
-        receiver.send_keys 'foo'
-        receiver.send_keys [@c, 'a'], [@c, 'x']
-        expect(receiver.value).to be_empty
-        expect(events).to eq 7
+      it 'clicks an element that does not define #set with provided modifiers', except: {browser: :ie} do
+        browser.a.set(@c)
+        browser.wait_until { |b| b.windows.size > 1 }
+        expect(browser.windows.size).to eq 2
+      ensure
+        browser.windows.restore!
       end
 
-      it 'supports combination of strings and arrays' do
-        receiver.send_keys 'foo', [@c, 'a'], :backspace
-        expect(receiver.value).to be_empty
-        expect(events).to eq 6
+      it 'does not click an element that does not define #set when passed false' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'best_language').set(false)
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'best_language').text).not_to eq 'Ruby!'
       end
-    end
-  end
 
-  describe '#click' do
-    it 'accepts modifiers', except: {browser: :ie} do
-      browser.a.click(@c)
-      expect { browser.windows.wait_until(size: 2) }.to_not raise_exception
-    ensure
-      browser.windows.restore!
-    end
-  end
+      it 'clicks a Button' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.button(id: 'delete_user_submit').set
+        browser.wait_until { |b| !b.url.include? 'forms_with_input_elements.html' }
+        expect(browser.text).to include('Semantic table')
+      end
 
-  describe '#set' do
-    it 'clicks an element by default that does not define #set' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'best_language').set
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'best_language').text).to eq 'Ruby!'
-    end
+      it 'sends keys to text element' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'new_user_email').set('Bye Cruel World')
+        expect(browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_email').value).to eq 'Bye Cruel World'
+      end
 
-    it 'clicks an element that does not define #set with provided modifiers', except: {browser: :ie} do
-      browser.a.set(@c)
-      browser.wait_until { |b| b.windows.size > 1 }
-      expect(browser.windows.size).to eq 2
-    ensure
-      browser.windows.restore!
-    end
+      it 'sends keys to text area' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'delete_user_comment').set('Hello Cruel World')
+        expect(browser.textarea(id: 'delete_user_comment').value).to eq 'Hello Cruel World'
+      end
 
-    it 'does not click an element that does not define #set when passed false' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'best_language').set(false)
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'best_language').text).not_to eq 'Ruby!'
-    end
+      it 'checks a checkbox' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'new_user_interests_cars').set
+        expect(browser.checkbox(id: 'new_user_interests_cars')).to be_set
+      end
 
-    it 'clicks a Button' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.button(id: 'delete_user_submit').set
-      browser.wait_until { |b| !b.url.include? 'forms_with_input_elements.html' }
-      expect(browser.text).to include('Semantic table')
-    end
+      it 'unchecks a checkbox' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'new_user_interests_books').set(false)
+        expect(browser.checkbox(id: 'new_user_interests_books')).not_to be_set
+      end
 
-    it 'sends keys to text element' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'new_user_email').set('Bye Cruel World')
-      expect(browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_email').value).to eq 'Bye Cruel World'
-    end
+      it 'clicks a Radio' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.radio(id: 'new_user_newsletter_no').set
+        expect(browser.radio(id: 'new_user_newsletter_no')).to be_set
+        expect(messages.size).to eq 1
+      end
 
-    it 'sends keys to text area' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'delete_user_comment').set('Hello Cruel World')
-      expect(browser.textarea(id: 'delete_user_comment').value).to eq 'Hello Cruel World'
-    end
+      it 'does not click a Radio when false or already clicked' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
+        browser.element(id: 'new_user_newsletter_no').set(false)
+        browser.element(id: 'new_user_newsletter_yes').set(true)
+        expect(messages.size).to eq 0
+      end
 
-    it 'checks a checkbox' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'new_user_interests_cars').set
-      expect(browser.checkbox(id: 'new_user_interests_cars')).to be_set
-    end
+      it 'uploads a file' do
+        browser.element(name: 'new_user_portrait').set __FILE__
 
-    it 'unchecks a checkbox' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'new_user_interests_books').set(false)
-      expect(browser.checkbox(id: 'new_user_interests_books')).to_not be_set
-    end
+        expect(browser.file_field(name: 'new_user_portrait').value).to include(File.basename(__FILE__))
+      end
 
-    it 'clicks a Radio' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.radio(id: 'new_user_newsletter_no').set
-      expect(browser.radio(id: 'new_user_newsletter_no')).to be_set
-      expect(messages.size).to eq 1
-    end
+      it 'selects an option' do
+        browser.select_list(name: 'new_user_languages').clear
+        browser.element(name: 'new_user_languages').set('2')
+        expect(browser.select_list(name: 'new_user_languages').selected_options.map(&:text)).to eq %w[EN]
+      end
 
-    it 'does not click a Radio when false or already clicked' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('forms_with_input_elements.html'))
-      browser.element(id: 'new_user_newsletter_no').set(false)
-      browser.element(id: 'new_user_newsletter_yes').set(true)
-      expect(messages.size).to eq 0
+      it 'sends keys to content editable element' do
+        browser.element(id: 'contenteditable').set('Bar')
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'contenteditable').text).to eq 'Bar'
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'uploads a file' do
-      browser.element(name: 'new_user_portrait').set __FILE__
+    describe '#flash' do
+      let(:h2) { browser.h2(text: 'Add user') }
+      let(:h1) { browser.h1(text: 'User administration') }
 
-      expect(browser.file_field(name: 'new_user_portrait').value).to include(File.basename(__FILE__))
-    end
+      it 'returns the element on which it was called' do
+        expect(h2.flash).to eq h2
+      end
 
-    it 'selects an option' do
-      browser.select_list(name: 'new_user_languages').clear
-      browser.element(name: 'new_user_languages').set('2')
-      expect(browser.select_list(name: 'new_user_languages').selected_options.map(&:text)).to eq %w[EN]
-    end
+      it 'keeps the element background color after flashing' do
+        expect(h2.style('background-color')).to eq h2.flash(:rainbow).style('background-color')
+        expect(h1.style('background-color')).to eq h1.flash.style('background-color')
+      end
 
-    it 'sends keys to content editable element' do
-      browser.element(id: 'contenteditable').set('Bar')
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'contenteditable').text).to eq 'Bar'
+      it 'responds to preset symbols like :fast and :slow' do
+        expect(h1.flash(:rainbow)).to eq h1
+        expect(h2.flash(:slow)).to eq h2
+        expect(h1.flash(:fast)).to eq h1
+        expect(h2.flash(:long)).to eq h2
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#flash' do
-    let(:h2) { browser.h2(text: 'Add user') }
-    let(:h1) { browser.h1(text: 'User administration') }
+    describe '#hover' do
+      def element_color(element)
+        case element.style('color')
+        when 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)'
+          :blue
+        when 'rgba(255, 165, 0, 1)', 'rgb(255, 165, 0)'
+          :orange
+        else
+          raise rgba
+        end
+      end
 
-    it 'returns the element on which it was called' do
-      expect(h2.flash).to eq h2
-    end
+      it 'allows scrolling to top', except: {browser: :ie} do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('scroll.html'))
+        element = browser.div(id: 'center')
 
-    it 'should keep the element background color after flashing' do
-      expect(h2.style('background-color')).to eq h2.flash(:rainbow).style('background-color')
-      expect(h1.style('background-color')).to eq h1.flash.style('background-color')
-    end
+        element.hover(scroll_to: :top)
+        expect(element_color(element)).to eq :orange
 
-    it 'should respond to preset symbols like :fast and :slow' do
-      expect(h1.flash(:rainbow)).to eq h1
-      expect(h2.flash(:slow)).to eq h2
-      expect(h1.flash(:fast)).to eq h1
-      expect(h2.flash(:long)).to eq h2
-    end
-  end
+        element_top = browser.execute_script('return arguments[0].getBoundingClientRect().top', element)
+        expect(element_top).to be_within(1).of(0)
+      end
 
-  describe '#hover' do
-    it 'should hover over the element', except: {browser: :ie} do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('hover.html')
-      link = browser.a
+      it 'scrolls to center by default', except: {browser: :ie} do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('scroll.html'))
+        element = browser.div(id: 'center')
 
-      expect(link.style('font-size')).to eq '10px'
-      link.scroll.to
-      link.hover
-      link.wait_until { |l| l.style('font-size') == '20px' }
-      expect(link.style('font-size')).to eq '20px'
-    end
-  end
+        element.hover
+        expect(element_color(element)).to eq :orange
 
-  describe '#inspect' do
-    before(:each) { browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('nested_iframes.html')) }
+        element_rect = browser.execute_script('return arguments[0].getBoundingClientRect()', element)
 
-    it 'does displays specified element type' do
-      expect(browser.div.inspect).to include('Watir::Div')
-    end
+        expect(element_rect['top']).to eq(element_rect['bottom'] - element_rect['height'])
+      end
 
-    it 'does not display element type if not specified' do
-      element = browser.element(index: 4)
-      expect(element.inspect).to include('Watir::HTMLElement')
-    end
+      it 'allows scrolling to bottom', except: {browser: :ie} do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('scroll.html'))
+        element = browser.div(id: 'center')
 
-    it 'displays keyword if specified' do
-      element = browser.h3
-      element.keyword = 'foo'
-      expect(element.inspect).to include('keyword: foo')
-    end
+        element.hover(scroll_to: :bottom)
+        expect(element_color(element)).to eq :orange
 
-    it 'does not display keyword if not specified' do
-      element = browser.h3
-      expect(element.inspect).to_not include('keyword')
-    end
+        element_bottom = browser.execute_script('return arguments[0].getBoundingClientRect().bottom', element)
+        window_height = browser.execute_script('return window.innerHeight')
 
-    it 'locate is false when not located' do
-      element = browser.div(id: 'not_present')
-      expect(element.inspect).to include('located: false')
-    end
+        expect(element_bottom).to be_within(1).of(window_height)
+      end
 
-    it 'locate is true when located' do
-      element = browser.h3
-      element.exists?
-      expect(element.inspect).to include('located: true')
-    end
+      it 'allows not scrolling', except: {browser: %i[chrome edge],
+                                          reason: 'https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=3955'} do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('scroll.html'))
+        element = browser.div(id: 'center')
 
-    it 'displays selector string for element from colection' do
-      elements = browser.frames
-      expect(elements.last.inspect).to include '{:tag_name=>"frame", :index=>-1}'
-    end
+        browser.execute_script('return window.pageYOffset;')
+        browser.execute_script('return window.innerHeight;')
 
-    it 'displays selector string for nested element' do
-      browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('wait.html'))
-      element = browser.div(index: 1).div(id: 'div2')
-      expect(element.inspect).to include '{:index=>1, :tag_name=>"div"} --> {:id=>"div2", :tag_name=>"div"}'
+        expect {
+          element.hover(scroll_to: nil)
+        }.to raise_exception Selenium::WebDriver::Error::MoveTargetOutOfBoundsError
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'displays selector string for nested element under frame' do
-      element = browser.iframe(id: 'one').iframe(id: 'three')
-      expect(element.inspect).to include '{:id=>"one", :tag_name=>"iframe"} --> {:id=>"three", :tag_name=>"iframe"}'
+    describe '#inspect' do
+      before { browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('nested_iframes.html')) }
+
+      it 'does displays specified element type' do
+        expect(browser.div.inspect).to include('Watir::Div')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not display element type if not specified' do
+        element = browser.element(index: 4)
+        expect(element.inspect).to include('Watir::HTMLElement')
+      end
+
+      it 'displays keyword if specified' do
+        element = browser.h3
+        element.keyword = 'foo'
+        expect(element.inspect).to include('keyword: foo')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not display keyword if not specified' do
+        element = browser.h3
+        expect(element.inspect).not_to include('keyword')
+      end
+
+      it 'locate is false when not located' do
+        element = browser.div(id: 'not_present')
+        expect(element.inspect).to include('located: false')
+      end
+
+      it 'locate is true when located' do
+        element = browser.h3
+        element.exists?
+        expect(element.inspect).to include('located: true')
+      end
+
+      it 'displays selector string for element from colection' do
+        elements = browser.frames
+        expect(elements.last.inspect).to include '{:tag_name=>"frame", :index=>-1}'
+      end
+
+      it 'displays selector string for nested element' do
+        browser.goto(WatirSpec.url_for('wait.html'))
+        element = browser.div(index: 1).div(id: 'div2')
+        expect(element.inspect).to include '{:index=>1, :tag_name=>"div"} --> {:id=>"div2", :tag_name=>"div"}'
+      end
+
+      it 'displays selector string for nested element under frame' do
+        element = browser.iframe(id: 'one').iframe(id: 'three')
+        expect(element.inspect).to include '{:id=>"one", :tag_name=>"iframe"} --> {:id=>"three", :tag_name=>"iframe"}'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#text_content' do
-    it 'returns inner Text code of element' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'shown').text_content).to eq('Not shownNot hidden')
+    describe '#text_content' do
+      it 'returns inner Text code of element' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'shown').text_content).to eq('Not shownNot hidden')
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#inner_text' do
-    it 'returns inner HTML code of element',
-       except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'also returning explicitly hidden results'} do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      div = browser.div(id: 'shown')
-      expect(div.inner_text).to eq('Not hidden')
+    describe '#inner_text' do
+      it 'returns inner HTML code of element',
+         except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'also returning explicitly hidden results'} do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        div = browser.div(id: 'shown')
+        expect(div.inner_text).to eq('Not hidden')
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#inner_html' do
-    it 'returns inner HTML code of element' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      div = browser.div(id: 'shown')
-      expected_text = '<div id="hidden" style="display: none;">Not shown</div><div>Not hidden</div>'
-      expect(div.inner_html).to eq expected_text
+    describe '#inner_html' do
+      it 'returns inner HTML code of element' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        div = browser.div(id: 'shown')
+        expected_text = '<div id="hidden" style="display: none;">Not shown</div><div>Not hidden</div>'
+        expect(div.inner_html).to eq expected_text
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#outer_html' do
-    it 'returns outer (inner + element itself) HTML code of element' do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      div = browser.div(id: 'shown')
-      text = '<div id="shown"><div id="hidden" style="display: none;">Not shown</div><div>Not hidden</div></div>'
-      expect(div.outer_html).to eq text
+    describe '#outer_html' do
+      it 'returns outer (inner + element itself) HTML code of element' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        div = browser.div(id: 'shown')
+        text = '<div id="shown"><div id="hidden" style="display: none;">Not shown</div><div>Not hidden</div></div>'
+        expect(div.outer_html).to eq text
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#select_text and #selected_text' do
-    it 'selects text and returns selected text',
-       except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'Select Text atom appears broken in IE 11'} do
-      browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
-      element = browser.element(visible_text: 'all visible')
-      element.select_text('all visible')
-      expect(element.selected_text).to eq 'all visible'
+    describe '#select_text and #selected_text' do
+      it 'selects text and returns selected text',
+         except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'Select Text atom appears broken in IE 11'} do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('non_control_elements.html')
+        element = browser.element(visible_text: 'all visible')
+        element.select_text('all visible')
+        expect(element.selected_text).to eq 'all visible'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#location' do
-    it 'returns coordinates for element location' do
-      location = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').location
+    describe '#location' do
+      it 'returns coordinates for element location' do
+        location = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').location
 
-      expect(location).to be_a Selenium::WebDriver::Point
-      expect(location['y']).to be > 0
-      expect(location['x']).to be > 0
+        expect(location).to be_a Selenium::WebDriver::Point
+        expect(location['y']).to be > 0
+        expect(location['x']).to be > 0
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#size' do
-    it 'returns size of element' do
-      size = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').size
-      expect(size).to be_a Selenium::WebDriver::Dimension
+    describe '#size' do
+      it 'returns size of element' do
+        size = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').size
+        expect(size).to be_a Selenium::WebDriver::Dimension
 
-      expected_width = browser.name == :safari ? 105 : 104
-      expected_height = browser.name == :safari ? 71 : 70
+        expected_width = browser.name == :safari ? 105 : 104
+        expected_height = browser.name == :safari ? 71 : 70
 
-      expect(size['width']).to eq expected_width
-      expect(size['height']).to eq expected_height
+        expect(size['width']).to eq expected_width
+        expect(size['height']).to eq expected_height
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#height' do
-    it 'returns height of element' do
-      height = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').height
+    describe '#height' do
+      it 'returns height of element' do
+        height = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').height
 
-      expected_height = browser.name == :safari ? 71 : 70
-      expect(height).to eq expected_height
+        expected_height = browser.name == :safari ? 71 : 70
+        expect(height).to eq expected_height
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#width' do
-    it 'returns width of element' do
-      width = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').width
+    describe '#width' do
+      it 'returns width of element' do
+        width = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').width
 
-      expected_width = browser.name == :safari ? 105 : 104
-      expect(width).to eq expected_width
+        expected_width = browser.name == :safari ? 105 : 104
+        expect(width).to eq expected_width
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#center' do
-    it 'returns center of element' do
-      center = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').center
+    describe '#center' do
+      it 'returns center of element' do
+        center = browser.button(name: 'new_user_image').center
 
-      expect(center).to be_a Selenium::WebDriver::Point
-      expect(center['y']).to be > 0.0
-      expect(center['x']).to be > 0.0
+        expect(center).to be_a Selenium::WebDriver::Point
+        expect(center['y']).to be > 0.0
+        expect(center['x']).to be > 0.0
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#attribute_value' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+    describe '#attribute_value' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
 
-    it 'returns attribute value by string attribute name' do
-      expect(browser.p.attribute_value('data-type')).to eq 'ruby-library'
-    end
+      it 'returns attribute value by string attribute name' do
+        expect(browser.p.attribute_value('data-type')).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      end
 
-    it 'returns attribute value by symbol attribute name' do
-      expect(browser.p.attribute_value(:data_type)).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      it 'returns attribute value by symbol attribute name' do
+        expect(browser.p.attribute_value(:data_type)).to eq 'ruby-library'
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#attribute_values' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+    describe '#attribute_values' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
 
-    it 'returns a Hash object' do
-      expect(browser.p.attribute_values).to be_an_instance_of(Hash)
-    end
+      it 'returns a Hash object' do
+        expect(browser.p.attribute_values).to be_an_instance_of(Hash)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns attribute values from an element' do
-      expected = {data_type: 'ruby-library'}
-      expect(browser.p.attribute_values).to eq expected
-    end
+      it 'returns attribute values from an element' do
+        expected = {data_type: 'ruby-library'}
+        expect(browser.p.attribute_values).to eq expected
+      end
 
-    it 'returns attribute with special characters' do
-      expected = {data_type: 'description', 'data-type_$p3c!a1' => 'special-description'}
-      expect(browser.div.attribute_values).to eq expected
-    end
+      it 'returns attribute with special characters' do
+        expected = {data_type: 'description', 'data-type_$p3c!a1' => 'special-description'}
+        expect(browser.div.attribute_values).to eq expected
+      end
 
-    it 'returns attribute with special characters as a String' do
-      expect(browser.div.attribute_values.keys[0]).to be_an_instance_of(String)
+      it 'returns attribute with special characters as a String' do
+        expect(browser.div.attribute_values.keys[0]).to be_an_instance_of(String)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#attribute_list' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
+    describe '#attribute_list' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('data_attributes.html') }
 
-    it 'returns an Array object' do
-      expect(browser.div.attribute_list).to be_an_instance_of(Array)
-    end
+      it 'returns an Array object' do
+        expect(browser.div.attribute_list).to be_an_instance_of(Array)
+      end
 
-    it 'returns list of attributes from an element' do
-      expect(browser.p.attribute_list).to eq [:data_type]
-    end
+      it 'returns list of attributes from an element' do
+        expect(browser.p.attribute_list).to eq [:data_type]
+      end
 
-    it 'returns attribute name with special characters as a String' do
-      expect(browser.div.attribute_list[0]).to be_an_instance_of(String)
+      it 'returns attribute name with special characters as a String' do
+        expect(browser.div.attribute_list[0]).to be_an_instance_of(String)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#located?' do
-    it 'returns true if element has been located' do
-      expect(browser.form(id: 'new_user')).to_not be_located
-    end
+    describe '#located?' do
+      it 'returns true if element has been located' do
+        expect(browser.form(id: 'new_user')).not_to be_located
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if element has not been located' do
-      expect(browser.form(id: 'new_user').locate).to be_located
+      it 'returns false if element has not been located' do
+        expect(browser.form(id: 'new_user').locate).to be_located
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#wd' do
-    it 'returns a Selenium::WebDriver::Element instance' do
-      element = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_email')
-      expect(element.wd).to be_a(Selenium::WebDriver::Element)
+    describe '#wd' do
+      it 'returns a Selenium::WebDriver::Element instance' do
+        element = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_email')
+        expect(element.wd).to be_a(Selenium::WebDriver::Element)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#hash' do
-    it 'returns a hash' do
-      element = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_email')
-      hash1 = element.hash
-      hash2 = element.locate.hash
-      expect(hash1).to be_a Integer
-      expect(hash2).to be_a Integer
-      expect(hash1).to_not eq hash2
+    describe '#hash' do
+      it 'returns a hash' do
+        element = browser.text_field(id: 'new_user_email')
+        hash1 = element.hash
+        hash2 = element.locate.hash
+        expect(hash1).to be_a Integer
+        expect(hash2).to be_a Integer
+        expect(hash1).not_to eq hash2
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe 'Numeric Attribute' do
-    it 'returns Float value',
-       except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'not recognizing the value of the element'} do
-      element = browser.text_field(id: 'number')
-      expect(element.valueasnumber).to be_a Float
-    end
+    describe 'Numeric Attribute' do
+      it 'returns Float value',
+         except: {browser: :ie, reason: 'not recognizing the value of the element'} do
+        element = browser.text_field(id: 'number')
+        expect(element.valueasnumber).to be_a Float
+      end
 
-    it 'returns nil for unspecified value' do
-      element = browser.input
-      expect(element.valueasnumber).to be_nil
-    end
+      it 'returns nil for unspecified value' do
+        element = browser.input
+        expect(element.valueasnumber).to be_nil
+      end
 
-    it 'returns Integer value' do
-      element = browser.form
-      expect(element.length).to be_a Integer
+      it 'returns Integer value' do
+        element = browser.form
+        expect(element.length).to be_a Integer
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#class_name' do
-    it 'returns single class name' do
-      expect(browser.form(id: 'new_user').class_name).to eq 'user'
-    end
+    describe 'Special Characters' do
+      before do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('special_chars.html')
+      end
 
-    it 'returns multiple class names in a String' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'messages').class_name).to eq 'multiple classes here'
-    end
+      it 'finds elements with single quotes' do
+        expect(browser.div(text: "single 'quotes'")).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'returns an empty string if the element exists but there is no class attribute' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'changed_language').class_name).to eq ''
-    end
+      it 'finds elements with non-standard character locators' do
+        expect(browser.div('we{ird' => 'foo')).to exist
+        expect(browser.div('we{ird': 'foo')).to exist
+      end
 
-    it 'raises UnknownObjectException if the element does not exist' do
-      expect { browser.div(id: 'no_such_id').class_name }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      it 'finds element with underscored attribute' do
+        expect(browser.div('underscored_attribute' => 'true')).to exist
+        expect(browser.div('underscored_attribute' => true)).to exist
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#classes' do
-    it 'returns the class attribute if the element exists' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'messages').classes).to eq %w[multiple classes here]
-    end
+    describe '#class_name' do
+      it 'returns single class name' do
+        expect(browser.form(id: 'new_user').class_name).to eq 'user'
+      end
 
-    it 'returns an empty array if the element exists but there is no class attribute' do
-      expect(browser.div(id: 'changed_language').classes).to eq []
-    end
+      it 'returns multiple class names in a String' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'messages').class_name).to eq 'multiple classes here'
+      end
 
-    it 'raises UnknownObjectException if the element does not exist' do
-      expect { browser.div(id: 'no_such_id').classes }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      it 'returns an empty string if the element exists but there is no class attribute' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'changed_language').class_name).to eq ''
+      end
+
+      it 'raises UnknownObjectException if the element does not exist' do
+        expect { browser.div(id: 'no_such_id').class_name }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe '#obscured?' do
-    before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('obscured.html') }
+    describe '#classes' do
+      it 'returns the class attribute if the element exists' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'messages').classes).to eq %w[multiple classes here]
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if element center is not covered' do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'not_obscured')
-      expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
-      expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
-    end
+      it 'returns an empty array if the element exists but there is no class attribute' do
+        expect(browser.div(id: 'changed_language').classes).to eq []
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if element center is covered by its descendant' do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'has_descendant')
-      expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
-      expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
+      it 'raises UnknownObjectException if the element does not exist' do
+        expect { browser.div(id: 'no_such_id').classes }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
     end
 
-    it 'returns true if element center is covered by a non-descendant',
-       except: {browser: :safari, reason: 'not getting element click intercepted'} do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'obscured')
-      expect(btn).to be_obscured
+    describe '#obscured?' do
+      before { browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('obscured.html') }
 
-      expect { btn.click }.to raise_exception(Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementClickInterceptedError)
-    end
+      it 'returns false if element center is not covered' do
+        btn = browser.button(id: 'not_obscured')
+        btn.scroll.to :center
+        expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
+        expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
+      end
 
-    it 'returns false if element center is surrounded by non-descendants' do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'surrounded')
-      expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
-      expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
-    end
+      it 'returns false if element center is covered by its descendant' do
+        btn = browser.button(id: 'has_descendant')
+        btn.scroll.to :center
+        expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
+        expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
+      end
 
-    it 'scrolls interactive element into view before checking if obscured' do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'requires_scrolling')
-      expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
-      expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
-    end
+      it 'returns true if element center is covered by a non-descendant',
+         except: {browser: :safari, reason: 'not getting element click intercepted'} do
+        btn = browser.button(id: 'obscured')
+        btn.scroll.to :center
+        expect { btn.click }.to raise_exception(Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementClickInterceptedError)
+        expect(btn).to be_obscured
+      end
 
-    it 'scrolls non-interactive element into view before checking if obscured' do
-      div = browser.div(id: 'requires_scrolling_container')
-      expect(div).not_to be_obscured
-      expect { div.click }.not_to raise_exception
-    end
+      it 'returns false if element center is surrounded by non-descendants' do
+        btn = browser.button(id: 'surrounded')
+        btn.scroll.to :center
+        expect { btn.click }.not_to raise_exception
+        expect(btn).not_to be_obscured
+      end
 
-    it 'returns true if element cannot be scrolled into view' do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'off_screen')
-      expect(btn).to be_obscured
-      expect { btn.click }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
-    end
+      it 'correctly scrolls element below viewport' do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('sticky_elements.html')
 
-    it 'returns true if element is hidden' do
-      btn = browser.button(id: 'hidden')
-      expect(btn).to be_obscured
-      expect { btn.click }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
-    end
+        element = browser.div(id: 'center')
+
+        browser.scroll.to :top
+        expect { element.click }.not_to raise_exception
+
+        browser.scroll.to :top
+        expect(element).not_to be_obscured
+      end
+
+      it 'correctly scrolls element above viewport',
+         except: {browser: %i[chrome edge],
+                  reason: 'https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=3954'} do
+        browser.goto WatirSpec.url_for('sticky_elements.html')
+        element = browser.div(id: 'center')
 
-    it 'raises UnknownObjectException if element does not exist' do
-      expect { browser.button(id: 'does_not_exist').obscured? }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+        browser.scroll.to :bottom
+        expect { element.click }.not_to raise_exception
+
+        browser.scroll.to :bottom
+        expect(element).not_to be_obscured
+      end
+
+      it 'scrolls non-interactive element into view before checking if obscured' do
+        div = browser.div(id: 'requires_scrolling_container')
+        expect { div.click }.not_to raise_exception
+        browser.scroll.to :top
+        expect(div).not_to be_obscured
+      end
+
+      it 'returns true if element cannot be scrolled into view' do
+        btn = browser.button(id: 'off_screen')
+        expect(btn).to be_obscured
+        expect { btn.click }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
+
+      it 'returns true if element is hidden' do
+        btn = browser.button(id: 'hidden')
+        expect(btn).to be_obscured
+        expect { btn.click }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
+
+      it 'raises UnknownObjectException if element does not exist' do
+        expect { browser.button(id: 'does_not_exist').obscured? }.to raise_unknown_object_exception
+      end
     end
   end
 end