wasmtime 11.0.0 → 12.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-wit-bindgen-12.0.0/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1705 @@
+use crate::rust::{to_rust_ident, to_rust_upper_camel_case, RustGenerator, TypeMode};
+use crate::types::{TypeInfo, Types};
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context};
+use heck::*;
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+use std::fmt::Write as _;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::mem;
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+use wit_parser::*;
+
+macro_rules! uwrite {
+    ($dst:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
+        write!($dst, $($arg)*).unwrap()
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! uwriteln {
+    ($dst:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
+        writeln!($dst, $($arg)*).unwrap()
+    };
+}
+
+mod rust;
+mod source;
+mod types;
+use source::Source;
+
+struct InterfaceName {
+    /// True when this interface name has been remapped through the use of `with` in the `bindgen!`
+    /// macro invocation.
+    remapped: bool,
+
+    /// The string name for this interface.
+    path: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Wasmtime {
+    src: Source,
+    opts: Opts,
+    import_interfaces: BTreeMap<Option<PackageName>, Vec<ImportInterface>>,
+    import_functions: Vec<ImportFunction>,
+    exports: Exports,
+    types: Types,
+    sizes: SizeAlign,
+    interface_names: HashMap<InterfaceId, InterfaceName>,
+    with_name_counter: usize,
+}
+
+struct ImportInterface {
+    snake: String,
+    module: String,
+}
+struct ImportFunction {
+    add_to_linker: String,
+    sig: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Exports {
+    fields: BTreeMap<String, (String, String)>,
+    modules: BTreeMap<Option<PackageName>, Vec<String>>,
+    funcs: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Ownership {
+    /// Generated types will be composed entirely of owning fields, regardless
+    /// of whether they are used as parameters to guest exports or not.
+    #[default]
+    Owning,
+
+    /// Generated types used as parameters to guest exports will be "deeply
+    /// borrowing", i.e. contain references rather than owned values when
+    /// applicable.
+    Borrowing {
+        /// Whether or not to generate "duplicate" type definitions for a single
+        /// WIT type if necessary, for example if it's used as both an import
+        /// and an export, or if it's used both as a parameter to an export and
+        /// a return value from an export.
+        duplicate_if_necessary: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Opts {
+    /// Whether or not `rustfmt` is executed to format generated code.
+    pub rustfmt: bool,
+
+    /// Whether or not to emit `tracing` macro calls on function entry/exit.
+    pub tracing: bool,
+
+    /// Whether or not to use async rust functions and traits.
+    pub async_: bool,
+
+    /// A list of "trappable errors" which are used to replace the `E` in
+    /// `result<T, E>` found in WIT.
+    pub trappable_error_type: Vec<TrappableError>,
+
+    /// Whether to generate owning or borrowing type definitions.
+    pub ownership: Ownership,
+
+    /// Whether or not to generate code for only the interfaces of this wit file or not.
+    pub only_interfaces: bool,
+
+    /// Remapping of interface names to rust module names.
+    /// TODO: is there a better type to use for the value of this map?
+    pub with: HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TrappableError {
+    /// The package and interface that define the error type being mapped.
+    pub wit_package_path: String,
+
+    /// The name of the error type in WIT that is being mapped.
+    pub wit_type_name: String,
+
+    /// The name, in Rust, of the error type to generate.
+    pub rust_type_name: String,
+}
+
+impl Opts {
+    pub fn generate(&self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) -> String {
+        let mut r = Wasmtime::default();
+        r.sizes.fill(resolve);
+        r.opts = self.clone();
+        r.generate(resolve, world)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Wasmtime {
+    fn name_interface(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, id: InterfaceId, name: &WorldKey) -> bool {
+        let with_name = resolve.name_world_key(name);
+        let entry = if let Some(remapped_path) = self.opts.with.get(&with_name) {
+            let name = format!("__with_name{}", self.with_name_counter);
+            self.with_name_counter += 1;
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "use {remapped_path} as {name};");
+            InterfaceName {
+                remapped: true,
+                path: name,
+            }
+        } else {
+            let path = match name {
+                WorldKey::Name(name) => name.to_snake_case(),
+                WorldKey::Interface(_) => {
+                    let iface = &resolve.interfaces[id];
+                    let pkgname = &resolve.packages[iface.package.unwrap()].name;
+                    format!(
+                        "{}::{}::{}",
+                        pkgname.namespace.to_snake_case(),
+                        pkgname.name.to_snake_case(),
+                        iface.name.as_ref().unwrap().to_snake_case()
+                    )
+                }
+            };
+            InterfaceName {
+                remapped: false,
+                path,
+            }
+        };
+
+        let remapped = entry.remapped;
+        self.interface_names.insert(id, entry);
+
+        remapped
+    }
+
+    fn generate(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, id: WorldId) -> String {
+        self.types.analyze(resolve, id);
+        let world = &resolve.worlds[id];
+        for (name, import) in world.imports.iter() {
+            if !self.opts.only_interfaces || matches!(import, WorldItem::Interface(_)) {
+                self.import(resolve, name, import);
+            }
+        }
+        for (name, export) in world.exports.iter() {
+            if !self.opts.only_interfaces || matches!(export, WorldItem::Interface(_)) {
+                self.export(resolve, name, export);
+            }
+        }
+        self.finish(resolve, id)
+    }
+
+    fn import(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, name: &WorldKey, item: &WorldItem) {
+        let mut gen = InterfaceGenerator::new(self, resolve);
+        match item {
+            WorldItem::Function(func) => {
+                gen.generate_function_trait_sig(func);
+                let sig = mem::take(&mut gen.src).into();
+                gen.generate_add_function_to_linker(TypeOwner::None, func, "linker");
+                let add_to_linker = gen.src.into();
+                self.import_functions
+                    .push(ImportFunction { sig, add_to_linker });
+            }
+            WorldItem::Interface(id) => {
+                if gen.gen.name_interface(resolve, *id, name) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                gen.current_interface = Some((*id, name, false));
+                gen.types(*id);
+                let key_name = resolve.name_world_key(name);
+                gen.generate_add_to_linker(*id, &key_name);
+
+                let module = &gen.src[..];
+
+                let snake = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(s) => s.to_snake_case(),
+                    WorldKey::Interface(id) => resolve.interfaces[*id]
+                        .name
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .to_snake_case(),
+                };
+                let module = format!(
+                    "
+                        #[allow(clippy::all)]
+                        pub mod {snake} {{
+                            #[allow(unused_imports)]
+                            use wasmtime::component::__internal::anyhow;
+
+                            {module}
+                        }}
+                    "
+                );
+                let pkg = resolve.interfaces[*id].package.unwrap();
+                let pkgname = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(_) => None,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => Some(resolve.packages[pkg].name.clone()),
+                };
+                self.import_interfaces
+                    .entry(pkgname)
+                    .or_insert(Vec::new())
+                    .push(ImportInterface { snake, module });
+            }
+            WorldItem::Type(ty) => {
+                let name = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(name) => name,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => unreachable!(),
+                };
+                gen.define_type(name, *ty);
+                let body = mem::take(&mut gen.src);
+                self.src.push_str(&body);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    fn export(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, name: &WorldKey, item: &WorldItem) {
+        let mut gen = InterfaceGenerator::new(self, resolve);
+        let (field, ty, getter) = match item {
+            WorldItem::Function(func) => {
+                gen.define_rust_guest_export(resolve, None, func);
+                let body = mem::take(&mut gen.src).into();
+                let (_name, getter) = gen.extract_typed_function(func);
+                assert!(gen.src.is_empty());
+                self.exports.funcs.push(body);
+                (
+                    func.name.to_snake_case(),
+                    "wasmtime::component::Func".to_string(),
+                    getter,
+                )
+            }
+            WorldItem::Type(_) => unreachable!(),
+            WorldItem::Interface(id) => {
+                gen.gen.name_interface(resolve, *id, name);
+                gen.current_interface = Some((*id, name, true));
+                gen.types(*id);
+                let iface = &resolve.interfaces[*id];
+                let iface_name = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(name) => name,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => iface.name.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                };
+                let camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(iface_name);
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "pub struct {camel} {{");
+                for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+                    uwriteln!(
+                        gen.src,
+                        "{}: wasmtime::component::Func,",
+                        func.name.to_snake_case()
+                    );
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "impl {camel} {{");
+                uwrite!(
+                    gen.src,
+                    "
+                        pub fn new(
+                            __exports: &mut wasmtime::component::ExportInstance<'_, '_>,
+                        ) -> wasmtime::Result<{camel}> {{
+                    "
+                );
+                let mut fields = Vec::new();
+                for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+                    let (name, getter) = gen.extract_typed_function(func);
+                    uwriteln!(gen.src, "let {name} = {getter};");
+                    fields.push(name);
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "Ok({camel} {{");
+                for name in fields {
+                    uwriteln!(gen.src, "{name},");
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}})");
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+                for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+                    gen.define_rust_guest_export(resolve, Some(name), func);
+                }
+                uwriteln!(gen.src, "}}");
+
+                let module = &gen.src[..];
+                let snake = iface_name.to_snake_case();
+
+                let module = format!(
+                    "
+                        #[allow(clippy::all)]
+                        pub mod {snake} {{
+                            #[allow(unused_imports)]
+                            use wasmtime::component::__internal::anyhow;
+
+                            {module}
+                        }}
+                    "
+                );
+                let pkgname = match name {
+                    WorldKey::Name(_) => None,
+                    WorldKey::Interface(_) => {
+                        Some(resolve.packages[iface.package.unwrap()].name.clone())
+                    }
+                };
+                self.exports
+                    .modules
+                    .entry(pkgname.clone())
+                    .or_insert(Vec::new())
+                    .push(module);
+
+                let name = resolve.name_world_key(name);
+                let (path, method_name) = match pkgname {
+                    Some(pkgname) => (
+                        format!(
+                            "exports::{}::{}::{snake}::{camel}",
+                            pkgname.namespace.to_snake_case(),
+                            pkgname.name.to_snake_case(),
+                        ),
+                        format!(
+                            "{}_{}_{snake}",
+                            pkgname.namespace.to_snake_case(),
+                            pkgname.name.to_snake_case()
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    None => (format!("exports::{snake}::{camel}"), snake.clone()),
+                };
+                let getter = format!(
+                    "\
+                        {path}::new(
+                            &mut __exports.instance(\"{name}\")
+                                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!(\"exported instance `{name}` not present\"))?
+                        )?\
+                    "
+                );
+                let field = format!("interface{}", self.exports.fields.len());
+                self.exports.funcs.push(format!(
+                    "
+                        pub fn {method_name}(&self) -> &{path} {{
+                            &self.{field}
+                        }}
+                    ",
+                ));
+                (field, path, getter)
+            }
+        };
+        let prev = self.exports.fields.insert(field, (ty, getter));
+        assert!(prev.is_none());
+    }
+
+    fn build_struct(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) {
+        let camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&resolve.worlds[world].name);
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "pub struct {camel} {{");
+        for (name, (ty, _)) in self.exports.fields.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "{name}: {ty},");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("}\n");
+
+        let (async_, async__, send, await_) = if self.opts.async_ {
+            ("async", "_async", ":Send", ".await")
+        } else {
+            ("", "", "", "")
+        };
+
+        self.toplevel_import_trait(resolve, world);
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "const _: () = {{");
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "use wasmtime::component::__internal::anyhow;");
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "impl {camel} {{");
+        self.toplevel_add_to_linker(resolve, world);
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                /// Instantiates the provided `module` using the specified
+                /// parameters, wrapping up the result in a structure that
+                /// translates between wasm and the host.
+                pub {async_} fn instantiate{async__}<T {send}>(
+                    mut store: impl wasmtime::AsContextMut<Data = T>,
+                    component: &wasmtime::component::Component,
+                    linker: &wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<(Self, wasmtime::component::Instance)> {{
+                    let instance = linker.instantiate{async__}(&mut store, component){await_}?;
+                    Ok((Self::new(store, &instance)?, instance))
+                }}
+
+                /// Instantiates a pre-instantiated module using the specified
+                /// parameters, wrapping up the result in a structure that
+                /// translates between wasm and the host.
+                pub {async_} fn instantiate_pre<T {send}>(
+                    mut store: impl wasmtime::AsContextMut<Data = T>,
+                    instance_pre: &wasmtime::component::InstancePre<T>,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<(Self, wasmtime::component::Instance)> {{
+                    let instance = instance_pre.instantiate{async__}(&mut store){await_}?;
+                    Ok((Self::new(store, &instance)?, instance))
+                }}
+
+                /// Low-level creation wrapper for wrapping up the exports
+                /// of the `instance` provided in this structure of wasm
+                /// exports.
+                ///
+                /// This function will extract exports from the `instance`
+                /// defined within `store` and wrap them all up in the
+                /// returned structure which can be used to interact with
+                /// the wasm module.
+                pub fn new(
+                    mut store: impl wasmtime::AsContextMut,
+                    instance: &wasmtime::component::Instance,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<Self> {{
+                    let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
+                    let mut exports = instance.exports(&mut store);
+                    let mut __exports = exports.root();
+            ",
+        );
+        for (name, (_, get)) in self.exports.fields.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "let {name} = {get};");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok({camel} {{");
+        for (name, _) in self.exports.fields.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "{name},");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}})");
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}"); // close `fn new`
+
+        for func in self.exports.funcs.iter() {
+            self.src.push_str(func);
+        }
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}"); // close `impl {camel}`
+
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}};"); // close `const _: () = ...
+    }
+
+    fn finish(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) -> String {
+        if !self.opts.only_interfaces {
+            self.build_struct(resolve, world)
+        }
+
+        let imports = mem::take(&mut self.import_interfaces);
+        self.emit_modules(
+            &imports
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(k, v)| (k, v.into_iter().map(|m| m.module).collect()))
+                .collect(),
+        );
+        if !self.exports.modules.is_empty() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "pub mod exports {{");
+            let exports = mem::take(&mut self.exports.modules);
+            self.emit_modules(&exports);
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+        }
+
+        let mut src = mem::take(&mut self.src);
+        if self.opts.rustfmt {
+            let mut child = Command::new("rustfmt")
+                .arg("--edition=2018")
+                .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+                .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                .spawn()
+                .expect("failed to spawn `rustfmt`");
+            child
+                .stdin
+                .take()
+                .unwrap()
+                .write_all(src.as_bytes())
+                .unwrap();
+            src.as_mut_string().truncate(0);
+            child
+                .stdout
+                .take()
+                .unwrap()
+                .read_to_string(src.as_mut_string())
+                .unwrap();
+            let status = child.wait().unwrap();
+            assert!(status.success());
+        }
+
+        src.into()
+    }
+
+    fn emit_modules(&mut self, modules: &BTreeMap<Option<PackageName>, Vec<String>>) {
+        let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (pkg, modules) in modules {
+            match pkg {
+                Some(pkg) => {
+                    let prev = map
+                        .entry(&pkg.namespace)
+                        .or_insert(BTreeMap::new())
+                        .insert(&pkg.name, modules);
+                    assert!(prev.is_none());
+                }
+                None => {
+                    for module in modules {
+                        uwriteln!(self.src, "{module}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (ns, pkgs) in map {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "pub mod {} {{", ns.to_snake_case());
+            for (pkg, modules) in pkgs {
+                uwriteln!(self.src, "pub mod {} {{", pkg.to_snake_case());
+                for module in modules {
+                    uwriteln!(self.src, "{module}");
+                }
+                uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+            }
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Wasmtime {
+    fn toplevel_import_trait(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) {
+        if self.import_functions.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let world_camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&resolve.worlds[world].name);
+        if self.opts.async_ {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "#[wasmtime::component::__internal::async_trait]")
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "pub trait {world_camel}Imports {{");
+        for f in self.import_functions.iter() {
+            self.src.push_str(&f.sig);
+            self.src.push_str("\n");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+    }
+
+    fn toplevel_add_to_linker(&mut self, resolve: &Resolve, world: WorldId) {
+        if self.import_interfaces.is_empty() && self.import_functions.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut interfaces = Vec::new();
+        for (pkg, imports) in self.import_interfaces.iter() {
+            for import in imports {
+                let mut path = String::new();
+                if let Some(pkg) = pkg {
+                    path.push_str(&pkg.namespace.to_snake_case());
+                    path.push_str("::");
+                    path.push_str(&pkg.name.to_snake_case());
+                    path.push_str("::");
+                }
+                path.push_str(&import.snake);
+                interfaces.push(path)
+            }
+        }
+
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                pub fn add_to_linker<T, U>(
+                    linker: &mut wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                    get: impl Fn(&mut T) -> &mut U + Send + Sync + Copy + 'static,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<()>
+                    where U: \
+            "
+        );
+        let world_camel = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&resolve.worlds[world].name);
+        let world_trait = format!("{world_camel}Imports");
+        for (i, name) in interfaces
+            .iter()
+            .map(|n| format!("{n}::Host"))
+            .chain(if self.import_functions.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(world_trait.clone())
+            })
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            if i > 0 {
+                self.src.push_str(" + ");
+            }
+            self.src.push_str(&name);
+        }
+        let maybe_send = if self.opts.async_ {
+            " + Send, T: Send"
+        } else {
+            ""
+        };
+        self.src.push_str(maybe_send);
+        self.src.push_str(",\n{\n");
+        for name in interfaces.iter() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "{name}::add_to_linker(linker, get)?;");
+        }
+        if !self.import_functions.is_empty() {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "Self::add_root_to_linker(linker, get)?;");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok(())\n}}");
+        if self.import_functions.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                pub fn add_root_to_linker<T, U>(
+                    linker: &mut wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                    get: impl Fn(&mut T) -> &mut U + Send + Sync + Copy + 'static,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<()>
+                    where U: {world_trait}{maybe_send}
+                {{
+                    let mut linker = linker.root();
+            ",
+        );
+        for f in self.import_functions.iter() {
+            self.src.push_str(&f.add_to_linker);
+            self.src.push_str("\n");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok(())\n}}");
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_type_in_package(
+    resolve: &Resolve,
+    package_path: &str,
+    type_name: &str,
+) -> anyhow::Result<TypeId> {
+    // foo:bar/baz
+
+    let (namespace, rest) = package_path
+        .split_once(':')
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid package path: missing package identifier"))?;
+
+    let (package_name, iface_name) = rest
+        .split_once('/')
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid package path: missing namespace separator"))?;
+
+    // TODO: we should handle version annotations
+    if package_name.contains('@') {
+        bail!("Invalid package path: version parsing is not currently handled");
+    }
+
+    let packages = Vec::from_iter(
+        resolve
+            .package_names
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(pname, _)| pname.namespace == namespace && pname.name == package_name),
+    );
+
+    if packages.len() != 1 {
+        if packages.is_empty() {
+            bail!("No package named `{}`", namespace);
+        } else {
+            // Getting here is a bug, parsing version identifiers would disambiguate the intended
+            // package.
+            bail!(
+                "Multiple packages named `{}` found ({:?})",
+                namespace,
+                packages
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    let (_, &package_id) = packages[0];
+    let package = &resolve.packages[package_id];
+
+    let (_, &iface_id) = package
+        .interfaces
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(name, _)| name.as_str() == iface_name)
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+            anyhow!(
+                "Unknown interface `{}` in package `{}`",
+                iface_name,
+                package_path
+            )
+        })?;
+
+    let iface = &resolve.interfaces[iface_id];
+
+    let (_, &type_id) = iface
+        .types
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(n, _)| n.as_str() == type_name)
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+            anyhow!(
+                "No type named `{}` in package `{}`",
+                package_name,
+                package_path
+            )
+        })?;
+
+    Ok(type_id)
+}
+
+struct InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+    src: Source,
+    gen: &'a mut Wasmtime,
+    resolve: &'a Resolve,
+    current_interface: Option<(InterfaceId, &'a WorldKey, bool)>,
+
+    /// A mapping of wit types to their rust type name equivalent. This is the pre-processed
+    /// version of `gen.opts.trappable_error_types`, where the types have been eagerly resolved.
+    trappable_errors: IndexMap<TypeId, String>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+    fn new(gen: &'a mut Wasmtime, resolve: &'a Resolve) -> InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+        let trappable_errors = gen
+            .opts
+            .trappable_error_type
+            .iter()
+            .map(|te| {
+                let id = resolve_type_in_package(resolve, &te.wit_package_path, &te.wit_type_name)
+                    .context(format!("resolving {:?}", te))?;
+                Ok((id, te.rust_type_name.clone()))
+            })
+            .collect::<anyhow::Result<IndexMap<_, _>>>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        InterfaceGenerator {
+            src: Source::default(),
+            gen,
+            resolve,
+            current_interface: None,
+            trappable_errors,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn types(&mut self, id: InterfaceId) {
+        for (name, id) in self.resolve.interfaces[id].types.iter() {
+            self.define_type(name, *id);
+
+            if let Some(rust_name) = self.trappable_errors.get(id) {
+                self.define_trappable_error_type(*id, rust_name.clone())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn define_type(&mut self, name: &str, id: TypeId) {
+        let ty = &self.resolve.types[id];
+        match &ty.kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Record(record) => self.type_record(id, name, record, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Flags(flags) => self.type_flags(id, name, flags, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Tuple(tuple) => self.type_tuple(id, name, tuple, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Enum(enum_) => self.type_enum(id, name, enum_, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Variant(variant) => self.type_variant(id, name, variant, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Option(t) => self.type_option(id, name, t, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Result(r) => self.type_result(id, name, r, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Union(u) => self.type_union(id, name, u, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::List(t) => self.type_list(id, name, t, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Type(t) => self.type_alias(id, name, t, &ty.docs),
+            TypeDefKind::Future(_) => todo!("generate for future"),
+            TypeDefKind::Stream(_) => todo!("generate for stream"),
+            TypeDefKind::Handle(_) => todo!("#6722"),
+            TypeDefKind::Resource => todo!("#6722"),
+            TypeDefKind::Unknown => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_record(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, record: &Record, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::ComponentType)]\n");
+            if lt.is_none() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lift)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lower)]\n");
+            self.push_str("#[component(record)]\n");
+
+            if !info.has_list {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Copy, Clone)]\n");
+            } else {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Clone)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub struct {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" {\n");
+            for field in record.fields.iter() {
+                self.rustdoc(&field.docs);
+                self.push_str(&format!("#[component(name = \"{}\")]\n", field.name));
+                self.push_str("pub ");
+                self.push_str(&to_rust_ident(&field.name));
+                self.push_str(": ");
+                self.print_ty(&field.ty, mode);
+                self.push_str(",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("impl");
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" core::fmt::Debug for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" {\n");
+            self.push_str(
+                "fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+            );
+            self.push_str(&format!("f.debug_struct(\"{}\")", name));
+            for field in record.fields.iter() {
+                self.push_str(&format!(
+                    ".field(\"{}\", &self.{})",
+                    field.name,
+                    to_rust_ident(&field.name)
+                ));
+            }
+            self.push_str(".finish()\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            if info.error {
+                self.push_str("impl");
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" core::fmt::Display for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" {\n");
+                self.push_str(
+                    "fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+                );
+                self.push_str("write!(f, \"{:?}\", self)\n");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("impl std::error::Error for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.push_str("{}\n");
+            }
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_tuple(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, tuple: &Tuple, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" = (");
+            for ty in tuple.types.iter() {
+                self.print_ty(ty, mode);
+                self.push_str(",");
+            }
+            self.push_str(");\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_flags(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str, flags: &Flags, docs: &Docs) {
+        self.rustdoc(docs);
+        let rust_name = to_rust_upper_camel_case(name);
+        self.src.push_str("wasmtime::component::flags!(\n");
+        self.src.push_str(&format!("{rust_name} {{\n"));
+        for flag in flags.flags.iter() {
+            // TODO wasmtime-component-macro doesnt support docs for flags rn
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "#[component(name=\"{}\")] const {};\n",
+                flag.name,
+                flag.name.to_shouty_snake_case()
+            );
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("}\n");
+        self.src.push_str(");\n\n");
+        self.assert_type(id, &rust_name);
+    }
+
+    fn type_variant(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, variant: &Variant, docs: &Docs) {
+        self.print_rust_enum(
+            id,
+            variant.cases.iter().map(|c| {
+                (
+                    c.name.to_upper_camel_case(),
+                    Some(c.name.clone()),
+                    &c.docs,
+                    c.ty.as_ref(),
+                )
+            }),
+            docs,
+            "variant",
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn type_union(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, union: &Union, docs: &Docs) {
+        self.print_rust_enum(
+            id,
+            std::iter::zip(self.union_case_names(union), &union.cases)
+                .map(|(name, case)| (name, None, &case.docs, Some(&case.ty))),
+            docs,
+            "union",
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn type_option(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, payload: &Type, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str("= Option<");
+            self.print_ty(payload, mode);
+            self.push_str(">;\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Emit a double-check that the wit-parser-understood size of a type agrees
+    // with the Wasmtime-understood size of a type.
+    fn assert_type(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str) {
+        self.push_str("const _: () = {\n");
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "assert!({} == <{name} as wasmtime::component::ComponentType>::SIZE32);",
+            self.gen.sizes.size(&Type::Id(id)),
+        );
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "assert!({} == <{name} as wasmtime::component::ComponentType>::ALIGN32);",
+            self.gen.sizes.align(&Type::Id(id)),
+        );
+        self.push_str("};\n");
+    }
+
+    fn print_rust_enum<'b>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: TypeId,
+        cases: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Option<String>, &'b Docs, Option<&'b Type>)> + Clone,
+        docs: &Docs,
+        derive_component: &str,
+    ) where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let name = to_rust_upper_camel_case(&name);
+
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::ComponentType)]\n");
+            if lt.is_none() {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lift)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lower)]\n");
+            self.push_str(&format!("#[component({})]\n", derive_component));
+            if !info.has_list {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\n");
+            } else {
+                self.push_str("#[derive(Clone)]\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub enum {name}"));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str("{\n");
+            for (case_name, component_name, docs, payload) in cases.clone() {
+                self.rustdoc(docs);
+                if let Some(n) = component_name {
+                    self.push_str(&format!("#[component(name = \"{}\")] ", n));
+                }
+                self.push_str(&case_name);
+                if let Some(ty) = payload {
+                    self.push_str("(");
+                    self.print_ty(ty, mode);
+                    self.push_str(")")
+                }
+                self.push_str(",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.print_rust_enum_debug(
+                id,
+                mode,
+                &name,
+                cases
+                    .clone()
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(name, _attr, _docs, ty)| (name, ty)),
+            );
+
+            if info.error {
+                self.push_str("impl");
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" core::fmt::Display for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" {\n");
+                self.push_str(
+                    "fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+                );
+                self.push_str("write!(f, \"{:?}\", self)");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("}\n");
+                self.push_str("\n");
+
+                self.push_str("impl");
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" std::error::Error for ");
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.print_generics(lt);
+                self.push_str(" {}\n");
+            }
+
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn print_rust_enum_debug<'b>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: TypeId,
+        mode: TypeMode,
+        name: &str,
+        cases: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Option<&'b Type>)>,
+    ) where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+        self.push_str("impl");
+        self.print_generics(lt);
+        self.push_str(" core::fmt::Debug for ");
+        self.push_str(name);
+        self.print_generics(lt);
+        self.push_str(" {\n");
+        self.push_str("fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n");
+        self.push_str("match self {\n");
+        for (case_name, payload) in cases {
+            self.push_str(name);
+            self.push_str("::");
+            self.push_str(&case_name);
+            if payload.is_some() {
+                self.push_str("(e)");
+            }
+            self.push_str(" => {\n");
+            self.push_str(&format!("f.debug_tuple(\"{}::{}\")", name, case_name));
+            if payload.is_some() {
+                self.push_str(".field(e)");
+            }
+            self.push_str(".finish()\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+        }
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+    }
+
+    fn type_result(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, result: &Result_, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str("= Result<");
+            self.print_optional_ty(result.ok.as_ref(), mode);
+            self.push_str(",");
+            self.print_optional_ty(result.err.as_ref(), mode);
+            self.push_str(">;\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_enum(&mut self, id: TypeId, name: &str, enum_: &Enum, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+
+        let name = to_rust_upper_camel_case(name);
+        self.rustdoc(docs);
+        self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::ComponentType)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lift)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[derive(wasmtime::component::Lower)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[component(enum)]\n");
+        self.push_str("#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]\n");
+        self.push_str(&format!("pub enum {} {{\n", name));
+        for case in enum_.cases.iter() {
+            self.rustdoc(&case.docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("#[component(name = \"{}\")]", case.name));
+            self.push_str(&case.name.to_upper_camel_case());
+            self.push_str(",\n");
+        }
+        self.push_str("}\n");
+
+        // Auto-synthesize an implementation of the standard `Error` trait for
+        // error-looking types based on their name.
+        if info.error {
+            self.push_str("impl ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str("{\n");
+
+            self.push_str("pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {\n");
+            self.push_str("match self {\n");
+            for case in enum_.cases.iter() {
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.push_str("::");
+                self.push_str(&case.name.to_upper_camel_case());
+                self.push_str(" => \"");
+                self.push_str(case.name.as_str());
+                self.push_str("\",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("pub fn message(&self) -> &'static str {\n");
+            self.push_str("match self {\n");
+            for case in enum_.cases.iter() {
+                self.push_str(&name);
+                self.push_str("::");
+                self.push_str(&case.name.to_upper_camel_case());
+                self.push_str(" => \"");
+                if let Some(contents) = &case.docs.contents {
+                    self.push_str(contents.trim());
+                }
+                self.push_str("\",\n");
+            }
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("impl core::fmt::Debug for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str(
+                "{\nfn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+            );
+            self.push_str("f.debug_struct(\"");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str("\")\n");
+            self.push_str(".field(\"code\", &(*self as i32))\n");
+            self.push_str(".field(\"name\", &self.name())\n");
+            self.push_str(".field(\"message\", &self.message())\n");
+            self.push_str(".finish()\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+
+            self.push_str("impl core::fmt::Display for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str(
+                "{\nfn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {\n",
+            );
+            self.push_str("write!(f, \"{} (error {})\", self.name(), *self as i32)");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("}\n");
+            self.push_str("\n");
+            self.push_str("impl std::error::Error for ");
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str("{}\n");
+        } else {
+            self.print_rust_enum_debug(
+                id,
+                TypeMode::Owned,
+                &name,
+                enum_
+                    .cases
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|c| (c.name.to_upper_camel_case(), None)),
+            )
+        }
+        self.assert_type(id, &name);
+    }
+
+    fn type_alias(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, ty: &Type, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" = ");
+            self.print_ty(ty, mode);
+            self.push_str(";\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn type_list(&mut self, id: TypeId, _name: &str, ty: &Type, docs: &Docs) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        for (name, mode) in self.modes_of(id) {
+            let lt = self.lifetime_for(&info, mode);
+            self.rustdoc(docs);
+            self.push_str(&format!("pub type {}", name));
+            self.print_generics(lt);
+            self.push_str(" = ");
+            self.print_list(ty, mode);
+            self.push_str(";\n");
+            self.assert_type(id, &name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn print_result_ty(&mut self, results: &Results, mode: TypeMode) {
+        match results {
+            Results::Named(rs) => match rs.len() {
+                0 => self.push_str("()"),
+                1 => self.print_ty(&rs[0].1, mode),
+                _ => {
+                    self.push_str("(");
+                    for (i, (_, ty)) in rs.iter().enumerate() {
+                        if i > 0 {
+                            self.push_str(", ")
+                        }
+                        self.print_ty(ty, mode)
+                    }
+                    self.push_str(")");
+                }
+            },
+            Results::Anon(ty) => self.print_ty(ty, mode),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn special_case_trappable_error(
+        &self,
+        results: &Results,
+    ) -> Option<(&'a Result_, TypeId, String)> {
+        // We fillin a special trappable error type in the case when a function has just one
+        // result, which is itself a `result<a, e>`, and the `e` is *not* a primitive
+        // (i.e. defined in std) type, and matches the typename given by the user.
+        let mut i = results.iter_types();
+        let id = match i.next()? {
+            Type::Id(id) => id,
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+        if i.next().is_some() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let result = match &self.resolve.types[*id].kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Result(r) => r,
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+        let error_typeid = match result.err? {
+            Type::Id(id) => resolve_type_definition_id(&self.resolve, id),
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+
+        let rust_type = self.trappable_errors.get(&error_typeid)?;
+
+        Some((result, error_typeid, rust_type.clone()))
+    }
+
+    fn generate_add_to_linker(&mut self, id: InterfaceId, name: &str) {
+        let iface = &self.resolve.interfaces[id];
+        let owner = TypeOwner::Interface(id);
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            uwriteln!(self.src, "#[wasmtime::component::__internal::async_trait]")
+        }
+        // Generate the `pub trait` which represents the host functionality for
+        // this import.
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "pub trait Host {{");
+        for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+            self.generate_function_trait_sig(func);
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+
+        let where_clause = if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            "T: Send, U: Host + Send".to_string()
+        } else {
+            "U: Host".to_string()
+        };
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                pub fn add_to_linker<T, U>(
+                    linker: &mut wasmtime::component::Linker<T>,
+                    get: impl Fn(&mut T) -> &mut U + Send + Sync + Copy + 'static,
+                ) -> wasmtime::Result<()>
+                    where {where_clause},
+                {{
+            "
+        );
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "let mut inst = linker.instance(\"{name}\")?;");
+        for (_, func) in iface.functions.iter() {
+            self.generate_add_function_to_linker(owner, func, "inst");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "Ok(())");
+        uwriteln!(self.src, "}}");
+    }
+
+    fn generate_add_function_to_linker(&mut self, owner: TypeOwner, func: &Function, linker: &str) {
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "{linker}.{}(\"{}\", ",
+            if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+                "func_wrap_async"
+            } else {
+                "func_wrap"
+            },
+            func.name
+        );
+        self.generate_guest_import_closure(owner, func);
+        uwriteln!(self.src, ")?;")
+    }
+
+    fn generate_guest_import_closure(&mut self, owner: TypeOwner, func: &Function) {
+        // Generate the closure that's passed to a `Linker`, the final piece of
+        // codegen here.
+        self.src
+            .push_str("move |mut caller: wasmtime::StoreContextMut<'_, T>, (");
+        for (i, _param) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{},", i);
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(") : (");
+        for param in func.params.iter() {
+            // Lift is required to be impled for this type, so we can't use
+            // a borrowed type:
+            self.print_ty(&param.1, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.src.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(") |");
+        if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            self.src.push_str(" Box::new(async move { \n");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str(" { \n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.tracing {
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "
+                   let span = tracing::span!(
+                       tracing::Level::TRACE,
+                       \"wit-bindgen import\",
+                       module = \"{}\",
+                       function = \"{}\",
+                   );
+                   let _enter = span.enter();
+               ",
+                match owner {
+                    TypeOwner::Interface(id) => self.resolve.interfaces[id]
+                        .name
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .unwrap_or("<no module>"),
+                    TypeOwner::World(id) => &self.resolve.worlds[id].name,
+                    TypeOwner::None => "<no owner>",
+                },
+                func.name,
+            );
+            let mut event_fields = func
+                .params
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(i, (name, _ty))| {
+                    let name = to_rust_ident(&name);
+                    format!("{name} = tracing::field::debug(&arg{i})")
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>();
+            event_fields.push(format!("\"call\""));
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "tracing::event!(tracing::Level::TRACE, {});\n",
+                event_fields.join(", ")
+            );
+        }
+
+        self.src.push_str("let host = get(caller.data_mut());\n");
+
+        uwrite!(self.src, "let r = host.{}(", func.name.to_snake_case());
+        for (i, _) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{},", i);
+        }
+        if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            uwrite!(self.src, ").await;\n");
+        } else {
+            uwrite!(self.src, ");\n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.tracing {
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "tracing::event!(tracing::Level::TRACE, result = tracing::field::debug(&r), \"return\");"
+            );
+        }
+
+        if self.special_case_trappable_error(&func.results).is_some() {
+            uwrite!(
+                self.src,
+                "match r {{
+                    Ok(a) => Ok((Ok(a),)),
+                    Err(e) => match e.downcast() {{
+                        Ok(api_error) => Ok((Err(api_error),)),
+                        Err(anyhow_error) => Err(anyhow_error),
+                    }}
+                }}"
+            );
+        } else if func.results.iter_types().len() == 1 {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "Ok((r?,))\n");
+        } else {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "r\n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            // Need to close Box::new and async block
+            self.src.push_str("})");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str("}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn generate_function_trait_sig(&mut self, func: &Function) {
+        self.rustdoc(&func.docs);
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            self.push_str("async ");
+        }
+        self.push_str("fn ");
+        self.push_str(&to_rust_ident(&func.name));
+        self.push_str("(&mut self, ");
+        for (name, param) in func.params.iter() {
+            let name = to_rust_ident(name);
+            self.push_str(&name);
+            self.push_str(": ");
+            self.print_ty(param, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(",");
+        }
+        self.push_str(")");
+        self.push_str(" -> ");
+
+        if let Some((r, error_id, error_typename)) =
+            self.special_case_trappable_error(&func.results)
+        {
+            // Functions which have a single result `result<ok,err>` get special
+            // cased to use the host_wasmtime_rust::Error<err>, making it possible
+            // for them to trap or use `?` to propogate their errors
+            self.push_str("Result<");
+            if let Some(ok) = r.ok {
+                self.print_ty(&ok, TypeMode::Owned);
+            } else {
+                self.push_str("()");
+            }
+            self.push_str(",");
+            if let TypeOwner::Interface(id) = self.resolve.types[error_id].owner {
+                if let Some(path) = self.path_to_interface(id) {
+                    self.push_str(&path);
+                    self.push_str("::");
+                }
+            }
+            self.push_str(&error_typename);
+            self.push_str(">");
+        } else {
+            // All other functions get their return values wrapped in an wasmtime::Result.
+            // Returning the anyhow::Error case can be used to trap.
+            self.push_str("wasmtime::Result<");
+            self.print_result_ty(&func.results, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(">");
+        }
+
+        self.push_str(";\n");
+    }
+
+    fn extract_typed_function(&mut self, func: &Function) -> (String, String) {
+        let prev = mem::take(&mut self.src);
+        let snake = func.name.to_snake_case();
+        uwrite!(self.src, "*__exports.typed_func::<(");
+        for (_, ty) in func.params.iter() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::AllBorrowed("'_"));
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("), (");
+        for ty in func.results.iter_types() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(")>(\"");
+        self.src.push_str(&func.name);
+        self.src.push_str("\")?.func()");
+
+        let ret = (snake, mem::take(&mut self.src).to_string());
+        self.src = prev;
+        ret
+    }
+
+    fn define_rust_guest_export(
+        &mut self,
+        resolve: &Resolve,
+        ns: Option<&WorldKey>,
+        func: &Function,
+    ) {
+        let (async_, async__, await_) = if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            ("async", "_async", ".await")
+        } else {
+            ("", "", "")
+        };
+
+        self.rustdoc(&func.docs);
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            "pub {async_} fn call_{}<S: wasmtime::AsContextMut>(&self, mut store: S, ",
+            func.name.to_snake_case(),
+        );
+        for (i, param) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{}: ", i);
+            self.print_ty(&param.1, TypeMode::AllBorrowed("'_"));
+            self.push_str(",");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(") -> wasmtime::Result<");
+        self.print_result_ty(&func.results, TypeMode::Owned);
+
+        if self.gen.opts.async_ {
+            self.src
+                .push_str("> where <S as wasmtime::AsContext>::Data: Send {\n");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str("> {\n");
+        }
+
+        if self.gen.opts.tracing {
+            let ns = match ns {
+                Some(key) => resolve.name_world_key(key),
+                None => "default".to_string(),
+            };
+            self.src.push_str(&format!(
+                "
+                   let span = tracing::span!(
+                       tracing::Level::TRACE,
+                       \"wit-bindgen export\",
+                       module = \"{ns}\",
+                       function = \"{}\",
+                   );
+                   let _enter = span.enter();
+               ",
+                func.name,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        self.src.push_str("let callee = unsafe {\n");
+        self.src.push_str("wasmtime::component::TypedFunc::<(");
+        for (_, ty) in func.params.iter() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::AllBorrowed("'_"));
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str("), (");
+        for ty in func.results.iter_types() {
+            self.print_ty(ty, TypeMode::Owned);
+            self.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            ")>::new_unchecked(self.{})",
+            func.name.to_snake_case()
+        );
+        self.src.push_str("};\n");
+        self.src.push_str("let (");
+        for (i, _) in func.results.iter_types().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "ret{},", i);
+        }
+        uwrite!(
+            self.src,
+            ") = callee.call{async__}(store.as_context_mut(), ("
+        );
+        for (i, _) in func.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            uwrite!(self.src, "arg{}, ", i);
+        }
+        uwriteln!(self.src, ")){await_}?;");
+
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "callee.post_return{async__}(store.as_context_mut()){await_}?;"
+        );
+
+        self.src.push_str("Ok(");
+        if func.results.iter_types().len() == 1 {
+            self.src.push_str("ret0");
+        } else {
+            self.src.push_str("(");
+            for (i, _) in func.results.iter_types().enumerate() {
+                uwrite!(self.src, "ret{},", i);
+            }
+            self.src.push_str(")");
+        }
+        self.src.push_str(")\n");
+
+        // End function body
+        self.src.push_str("}\n");
+    }
+
+    fn define_trappable_error_type(&mut self, id: TypeId, rust_name: String) {
+        let info = self.info(id);
+        if self.lifetime_for(&info, TypeMode::Owned).is_some() {
+            panic!("wit error for {rust_name} is not 'static")
+        }
+        let abi_type = self.param_name(id);
+
+        uwriteln!(
+            self.src,
+            "
+                #[derive(Debug)]
+                pub struct {rust_name} {{
+                    inner: anyhow::Error,
+                }}
+                impl std::fmt::Display for {rust_name} {{
+                    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {{
+                        write!(f, \"{{}}\", self.inner)
+                    }}
+                }}
+                impl std::error::Error for {rust_name} {{
+                    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {{
+                        self.inner.source()
+                    }}
+                }}
+                impl {rust_name} {{
+                    pub fn trap(inner: anyhow::Error) -> Self {{
+                        Self {{ inner }}
+                    }}
+                    pub fn downcast(self) -> Result<{abi_type}, anyhow::Error> {{
+                        self.inner.downcast()
+                    }}
+                    pub fn downcast_ref(&self) -> Option<&{abi_type}> {{
+                        self.inner.downcast_ref()
+                    }}
+                    pub fn context(self, s: impl Into<String>) -> Self {{
+                        Self {{ inner: self.inner.context(s.into()) }}
+                    }}
+                }}
+                impl From<{abi_type}> for {rust_name} {{
+                    fn from(abi: {abi_type}) -> {rust_name} {{
+                        {rust_name} {{ inner: anyhow::Error::from(abi) }}
+                    }}
+                }}
+           "
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn rustdoc(&mut self, docs: &Docs) {
+        let docs = match &docs.contents {
+            Some(docs) => docs,
+            None => return,
+        };
+        for line in docs.trim().lines() {
+            self.push_str("/// ");
+            self.push_str(line);
+            self.push_str("\n");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> RustGenerator<'a> for InterfaceGenerator<'a> {
+    fn resolve(&self) -> &'a Resolve {
+        self.resolve
+    }
+
+    fn ownership(&self) -> Ownership {
+        self.gen.opts.ownership
+    }
+
+    fn path_to_interface(&self, interface: InterfaceId) -> Option<String> {
+        let mut path_to_root = String::new();
+        if let Some((cur, key, is_export)) = self.current_interface {
+            if cur == interface {
+                return None;
+            }
+            match key {
+                WorldKey::Name(_) => {
+                    path_to_root.push_str("super::");
+                }
+                WorldKey::Interface(_) => {
+                    path_to_root.push_str("super::super::super::");
+                }
+            }
+            if is_export {
+                path_to_root.push_str("super::");
+            }
+        }
+        let InterfaceName { path, .. } = &self.gen.interface_names[&interface];
+        path_to_root.push_str(path);
+        Some(path_to_root)
+    }
+
+    fn push_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        self.src.push_str(s);
+    }
+
+    fn info(&self, ty: TypeId) -> TypeInfo {
+        self.gen.types.get(ty)
+    }
+}
+
+/// When an interface `use`s a type from another interface, it creates a new TypeId
+/// referring to the definition TypeId. Chase this chain of references down to
+/// a TypeId for type's definition.
+fn resolve_type_definition_id(resolve: &Resolve, mut id: TypeId) -> TypeId {
+    loop {
+        match resolve.types[id].kind {
+            TypeDefKind::Type(Type::Id(def_id)) => id = def_id,
+            _ => return id,
+        }
+    }
+}