wai-website-theme 1.3.1 → 1.4

data/assets/ableplayer/scripts/control.js

@@ -1,1597 +1,1834 @@
 (function ($) {
-  AblePlayer.prototype.seekTo = function (newTime) {
-
-    // define variables to be used for analytics
-    // e.g., to measure the extent to which users seek back and forward
-    this.seekFromTime = this.media.currentTime;
-    this.seekToTime = newTime;
-
-    this.seeking = true;
-    this.liveUpdatePending = true;
-
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      var seekable;
-
-      this.startTime = newTime;
-      // Check HTML5 media "seekable" property to be sure media is seekable to startTime
-      seekable = this.media.seekable;
-      if (seekable.length > 0 && this.startTime >= seekable.start(0) && this.startTime <= seekable.end(0)) {
-        // ok to seek to startTime
-        // canplaythrough will be triggered when seeking is complete
-        // this.seeking will be set to false at that point
-        this.media.currentTime = this.startTime;
-        if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
-          // keep sign languge video in sync
-          this.signVideo.currentTime = this.startTime;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      // pause JW Player temporarily.
-      // When seek has successfully reached newTime,
-      // onSeek event will be called, and playback will be resumed
-      this.jwSeekPause = true;
-      this.jwPlayer.seek(newTime);
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      this.youTubePlayer.seekTo(newTime,true);
-      if (newTime > 0) {
-        if (typeof this.$posterImg !== 'undefined') {
-          this.$posterImg.hide();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.getDuration = function () {
-
-    var duration;
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      duration = this.media.duration;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      duration = this.jwPlayer.getDuration();
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube' && this.youTubePlayer) {
-      duration = this.youTubePlayer.getDuration();
-    }
-    if (duration === undefined || isNaN(duration) || duration === -1) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    return duration;
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.getElapsed = function () {
-    var position;
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      position = this.media.currentTime;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      if (this.jwPlayer.getState() === 'IDLE') {
-        return 0;
-      }
-      position = this.jwPlayer.getPosition();
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      if (this.youTubePlayer) {
-        position = this.youTubePlayer.getCurrentTime();
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (position === undefined || isNaN(position) || position === -1) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    return position;
-  };
-
-  // Returns one of the following states:
-  //  'stopped' - Not yet played for the first time, or otherwise reset to unplayed.
-  //  'ended' - Finished playing.
-  //  'paused' - Not playing, but not stopped or ended.
-  //  'buffering' - Momentarily paused to load, but will resume once data is loaded.
-  //  'playing' - Currently playing.
-  AblePlayer.prototype.getPlayerState = function () {
-    if (this.swappingSrc) {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      if (this.media.paused) {
-        if (this.getElapsed() === 0) {
-          return 'stopped';
-        }
-        else if (this.media.ended) {
-          return 'ended';
-        }
-        else {
-          return 'paused';
-        }
-      }
-      else if (this.media.readyState !== 4) {
-        return 'buffering';
-      }
-      else {
-        return 'playing';
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      if (this.jwPlayer.getState() === 'PAUSED' || this.jwPlayer.getState() === 'IDLE' || this.jwPlayer.getState() === undefined) {
-
-        if (this.getElapsed() === 0) {
-          return 'stopped';
-        }
-        else if (this.getElapsed() === this.getDuration()) {
-          return 'ended';
-        }
-        else {
-          return 'paused';
-        }
-      }
-      else if (this.jwPlayer.getState() === 'BUFFERING') {
-        return 'buffering';
-      }
-      else if (this.jwPlayer.getState() === 'PLAYING') {
-        return 'playing';
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube' && this.youTubePlayer) {
-      var state = this.youTubePlayer.getPlayerState();
-      if (state === -1 || state === 5) {
-        return 'stopped';
-      }
-      else if (state === 0) {
-        return 'ended';
-      }
-      else if (state === 1) {
-        return 'playing';
-      }
-      else if (state === 2) {
-        return 'paused';
-      }
-      else if (state === 3) {
-        return 'buffering';
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.isPlaybackRateSupported = function () {
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      return this.media.playbackRate ? true : false;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      // Not directly supported by JW player; can hack for HTML5 version by finding the dynamically generated video tag, but decided not to do that.
-      return false;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      // Youtube always supports a finite list of playback rates.  Only expose controls if more than one is available.
-      return (this.youTubePlayer.getAvailablePlaybackRates().length > 1);
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.setPlaybackRate = function (rate) {
-    rate = Math.max(0.5, rate);
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      this.media.playbackRate = rate;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      this.youTubePlayer.setPlaybackRate(rate);
-    }
-    if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
-      this.signVideo.playbackRate = rate;
-    }
-    this.$speed.text(this.tt.speed + ': ' + rate.toFixed(2).toString() + 'x');
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.getPlaybackRate = function () {
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      return this.media.playbackRate;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      // Unsupported, always the normal rate.
-      return 1;
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      return this.youTubePlayer.getPlaybackRate();
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Note there are three player states that count as paused in this sense,
-  // and one of them is named 'paused'.
-  // A better name would be 'isCurrentlyNotPlayingOrBuffering'
-  AblePlayer.prototype.isPaused = function () {
-    var state = this.getPlayerState();
-    return state === 'paused' || state === 'stopped' || state === 'ended';
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.pauseMedia = function () {
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      this.media.pause(true);
-      if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
-        this.signVideo.pause(true);
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      this.jwPlayer.pause(true);
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      this.youTubePlayer.pauseVideo();
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.playMedia = function () {
-
-    var thisObj = this;
-
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      this.media.play(true);
-      if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
-        this.signVideo.play(true);
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      this.jwPlayer.play(true);
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      this.youTubePlayer.playVideo();
-      if (typeof this.$posterImg !== 'undefined') {
-        this.$posterImg.hide();
-      }
-      this.stoppingYouTube = false;
-    }
-    this.startedPlaying = true;
-    if (this.hideControls) {
-      // wait briefly after playback begins, then hide controls
-      this.hidingControls = true;
-      this.hideControlsTimeout = window.setTimeout(function() {
-        thisObj.fadeControls('out');
-        thisObj.controlsHidden = true;
-        thisObj.hidingControls = false;
-      },2000);
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.fadeControls = function(direction) {
-
-    // NOTE: This is a work in progress, and is not yet fully functional
-    // TODO: Use jQuery fadeIn() and fadeOut() to attain some sort of transition
-    // Currently just adds or removes able-offscreen class to visibly hide content
-    // without hiding it from screen reader users
-
-    // direction is either 'out' or 'in'
-
-    // One challenge:
-    // When controls fade out in other players (e.g., YouTube, Vimeo), the transition works well because
-    // their controls are an overlay on top of the video.
-    // Therefore, disappearing controls don't affect the size of the video container.
-    // Able Player's controls appear below the video, so if this.$playerDiv disappears,
-    // that results in a reduction in the height of the video container, which is a bit jarring
-    // Solution #1: Don't hide this.$playerDiv; instead hide the two containers nested inside it
-    if (direction == 'out') {
-      this.$controllerDiv.addClass('able-offscreen');
-      this.$statusBarDiv.addClass('able-offscreen');
-      // Removing content from $playerDiv leaves an empty controller bar in its place
-      // What to do with the empty space?
-      // For now, changing to a black background; will restore to original background on fade-in
-      this.playerBackground = this.$playerDiv.css('background-color');
-      this.$playerDiv.css('background-color','black');
-    }
-    else if (direction == 'in') {
-      this.$controllerDiv.removeClass('able-offscreen');
-      this.$statusBarDiv.removeClass('able-offscreen');
-      if (typeof this.playerBackground !== 'undefined') {
-        this.$playerDiv.css('background-color',this.playerBackground);
-      }
-      else {
-        this.$playerDiv.css('background-color','');
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.refreshControls = function() {
-
-    var thisObj, duration, elapsed, lastChapterIndex, displayElapsed,
-      updateLive, textByState, timestamp, widthUsed,
-      leftControls, rightControls, seekbarWidth, seekbarSpacer, captionsCount,
-      buffered, newTop, statusBarHeight, speedHeight, statusBarWidthBreakpoint,
-      newSvgData;
-
-    thisObj = this;
-    if (this.swappingSrc) {
-      // wait until new source has loaded before refreshing controls
-      return;
-    }
-
-    duration = this.getDuration();
-    elapsed = this.getElapsed();
-
-    if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-      this.chapterDuration = this.getChapterDuration();
-      this.chapterElapsed = this.getChapterElapsed();
-    }
-
-    if (this.useFixedSeekInterval === false && this.seekIntervalCalculated === false && duration > 0) {
-      // couldn't calculate seekInterval previously; try again.
-      this.setSeekInterval();
-    }
-
-    if (this.seekBar) {
-
-      if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-        lastChapterIndex = this.selectedChapters.cues.length-1;
-        if (this.selectedChapters.cues[lastChapterIndex] == this.currentChapter) {
-          // this is the last chapter
-          if (this.currentChapter.end !== duration) {
-            // chapter ends before or after video ends
-            // need to adjust seekbar duration to match video end
-            this.seekBar.setDuration(duration - this.currentChapter.start);
-          }
-          else {
-            this.seekBar.setDuration(this.chapterDuration);
-          }
-        }
-        else {
-          // this is not the last chapter
-          this.seekBar.setDuration(this.chapterDuration);
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        this.seekBar.setDuration(duration);
-      }
-      if (!(this.seekBar.tracking)) {
-        // Only update the aria live region if we have an update pending (from a
-        // seek button control) or if the seekBar has focus.
-        // We use document.activeElement instead of $(':focus') due to a strange bug:
-        //  When the seekHead element is focused, .is(':focus') is failing and $(':focus') is returning an undefined element.
-        updateLive = this.liveUpdatePending || this.seekBar.seekHead.is($(document.activeElement));
-        this.liveUpdatePending = false;
-        if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-          this.seekBar.setPosition(this.chapterElapsed, updateLive);
-        }
-        else {
-          this.seekBar.setPosition(elapsed, updateLive);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // When seeking, display the seek bar time instead of the actual elapsed time.
-      if (this.seekBar.tracking) {
-        displayElapsed = this.seekBar.lastTrackPosition;
-      }
-      else {
-        if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-          displayElapsed = this.chapterElapsed;
-        }
-        else {
-          displayElapsed = elapsed;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-      this.$durationContainer.text(' / ' + this.formatSecondsAsColonTime(this.chapterDuration));
-    }
-    else {
-      this.$durationContainer.text(' / ' + this.formatSecondsAsColonTime(duration));
-    }
-    this.$elapsedTimeContainer.text(this.formatSecondsAsColonTime(displayElapsed));
-
-    textByState = {
-      'stopped': this.tt.statusStopped,
-      'paused': this.tt.statusPaused,
-      'playing': this.tt.statusPlaying,
-      'buffering': this.tt.statusBuffering,
-      'ended': this.tt.statusEnd
-    };
-
-    if (this.stoppingYouTube) {
-      // stoppingYouTube is true temporarily while video is paused and seeking to 0
-      // See notes in handleRestart()
-      // this.stoppingYouTube will be reset when seek to 0 is finished (in event.js > onMediaUpdateTime())
-      if (this.$status.text() !== this.tt.statusStopped) {
-        this.$status.text(this.tt.statusStopped);
-      }
-      if (this.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().hasClass('icon-pause')) {
-        if (this.iconType === 'font') {
-          this.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-pause').addClass('icon-play');
-          this.$playpauseButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.play);
-        }
-        else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
-          newSvgData = this.getSvgData('play');
-          this.$playpauseButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
-          this.$playpauseButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
-        }
-        else {
-          this.$playpauseButton.find('img').attr('src',this.playButtonImg);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      if (typeof this.$status !== 'undefined' && typeof this.seekBar !== 'undefined') {
-        // Update the text only if it's changed since it has role="alert";
-        // also don't update while tracking, since this may Pause/Play the player but we don't want to send a Pause/Play update.
-        if (this.$status.text() !== textByState[this.getPlayerState()] && !this.seekBar.tracking) {
-          // Debounce updates; only update after status has stayed steadily different for 250ms.
-          timestamp = (new Date()).getTime();
-          if (!this.statusDebounceStart) {
-            this.statusDebounceStart = timestamp;
-            // Make sure refreshControls gets called again at the appropriate time to check.
-            this.statusTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
-              thisObj.refreshControls();
-            }, 300);
-          }
-          else if ((timestamp - this.statusDebounceStart) > 250) {
-            this.$status.text(textByState[this.getPlayerState()]);
-            this.statusDebounceStart = null;
-            clearTimeout(this.statusTimeout);
-            this.statusTimeout = null;
-          }
-        }
-        else {
-          this.statusDebounceStart = null;
-          clearTimeout(this.statusTimeout);
-          this.statusTimeout = null;
-        }
-
-        // Don't change play/pause button display while using the seek bar (or if YouTube stopped)
-        if (!this.seekBar.tracking && !this.stoppingYouTube) {
-          if (this.isPaused()) {
-            this.$playpauseButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.play);
-
-            if (this.iconType === 'font') {
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-pause').addClass('icon-play');
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.play);
-            }
-            else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
-              newSvgData = this.getSvgData('play');
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
-            }
-            else {
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('img').attr('src',this.playButtonImg);
-            }
-          }
-          else {
-            this.$playpauseButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.pause);
-
-            if (this.iconType === 'font') {
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-play').addClass('icon-pause');
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.pause);
-            }
-            else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
-              newSvgData = this.getSvgData('pause');
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
-            }
-            else {
-              this.$playpauseButton.find('img').attr('src',this.pauseButtonImg);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Update seekbar width.
-    // To do this, we need to calculate the width of all buttons surrounding it.
-    if (this.seekBar) {
-      widthUsed = 0;
-      seekbarSpacer = 40; // adjust for discrepancies in browsers' calculated button widths
-
-      leftControls = this.seekBar.wrapperDiv.parent().prev('div.able-left-controls');
-      rightControls = leftControls.next('div.able-right-controls');
-      leftControls.children().each(function () {
-        if ($(this).prop('tagName')=='BUTTON') {
-          widthUsed += $(this).width();
-        }
-      });
-      rightControls.children().each(function () {
-        if ($(this).prop('tagName')=='BUTTON') {
-          widthUsed += $(this).width();
-        }
-      });
-      if (this.isFullscreen()) {
-        seekbarWidth = $(window).width() - widthUsed - seekbarSpacer;
-      }
-      else {
-        seekbarWidth = this.$ableWrapper.width() - widthUsed - seekbarSpacer;
-      }
-      // Sometimes some minor fluctuations based on browser weirdness, so set a threshold.
-      if (Math.abs(seekbarWidth - this.seekBar.getWidth()) > 5) {
-        this.seekBar.setWidth(seekbarWidth);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Show/hide status bar content conditionally
-    if (!this.isFullscreen()) {
-      statusBarWidthBreakpoint = 300;
-      statusBarHeight = this.$statusBarDiv.height();
-      speedHeight = this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').height();
-      if (speedHeight > (statusBarHeight + 5)) {
-        // speed bar is wrapping (happens often in German player)
-        this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').hide();
-        this.hidingSpeed = true;
-      }
-      else {
-        if (this.hidingSpeed) {
-          this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').show();
-          this.hidingSpeed = false;
-        }
-        if (this.$statusBarDiv.width() < statusBarWidthBreakpoint) {
-          // Player is too small for a speed span
-          this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').hide();
-          this.hidingSpeed = true;
-        }
-        else {
-          if (this.hidingSpeed) {
-            this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').show();
-            this.hidingSpeed = false;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this.$descButton) {
-      if (this.descOn) {
-        this.$descButton.removeClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.turnOffDescriptions);
-        this.$descButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.turnOffDescriptions);
-      }
-      else {
-        this.$descButton.addClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.turnOnDescriptions);
-        this.$descButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.turnOnDescriptions);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this.$ccButton) {
-      if (this.usingYouTubeCaptions) {
-        captionsCount = this.ytCaptions.length;
-      }
-      else {
-        captionsCount = this.captions.length;
-      }
-      // Button has a different title depending on the number of captions.
-      // If only one caption track, this is "Show captions" and "Hide captions"
-      // Otherwise, it is just always "Captions"
-      if (!this.captionsOn) {
-        this.$ccButton.addClass('buttonOff');
-        if (captionsCount === 1) {
-          this.$ccButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.showCaptions);
-          this.$ccButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.showCaptions);
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        this.$ccButton.removeClass('buttonOff');
-        if (captionsCount === 1) {
-          this.$ccButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.hideCaptions);
-          this.$ccButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.hideCaptions);
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (captionsCount > 1) {
-        this.$ccButton.attr({
-          'aria-label': this.tt.captions,
-          'aria-haspopup': 'true',
-          'aria-controls': this.mediaId + '-captions-menu',
-          'aria-expanded': 'false'
-        });
-        this.$ccButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.captions);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this.$chaptersButton) {
-      this.$chaptersButton.attr({
-        'aria-label': this.tt.chapters,
-        'aria-haspopup': 'true',
-        'aria-controls': this.mediaId + '-chapters-menu',
-        'aria-expanded': 'false'
-      });
-    }
-    if (this.$fullscreenButton) {
-      if (!this.isFullscreen()) {
-        this.$fullscreenButton.attr('aria-label', this.tt.enterFullScreen);
-        if (this.iconType === 'font') {
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-fullscreen-collapse').addClass('icon-fullscreen-expand');
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.enterFullScreen);
-        }
-        else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
-          newSvgData = this.getSvgData('fullscreen-expand');
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
-        }
-        else {
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('img').attr('src',this.fullscreenExpandButtonImg);
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        this.$fullscreenButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.exitFullScreen);
-        if (this.iconType === 'font') {
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-fullscreen-expand').addClass('icon-fullscreen-collapse');
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.exitFullScreen);
-        }
-        else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
-          newSvgData = this.getSvgData('fullscreen-collapse');
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
-        }
-        else {
-          this.$fullscreenButton.find('img').attr('src',this.fullscreenCollapseButtonImg);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (typeof this.$bigPlayButton !== 'undefined') {
-      // Choose show/hide for big play button and adjust position.
-      if (this.isPaused() && !this.seekBar.tracking) {
-        if (!this.hideBigPlayButton) {
-          this.$bigPlayButton.show();
-        }
-        if (this.isFullscreen()) {
-          this.$bigPlayButton.width($(window).width());
-          this.$bigPlayButton.height($(window).height());
-        }
-        else {
-          this.$bigPlayButton.width(this.$mediaContainer.width());
-          this.$bigPlayButton.height(this.$mediaContainer.height());
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        this.$bigPlayButton.hide();
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this.transcriptType) {
-      // Sync checkbox and autoScrollTranscript with user preference
-      if (this.prefAutoScrollTranscript === 1) {
-        this.autoScrollTranscript = true;
-        this.$autoScrollTranscriptCheckbox.prop('checked',true);
-      }
-      else {
-        this.autoScrollTranscript = false;
-        this.$autoScrollTranscriptCheckbox.prop('checked',false);
-      }
-
-      // If transcript locked, scroll transcript to current highlight location.
-      if (this.autoScrollTranscript && this.currentHighlight) {
-        newTop = Math.floor($('.able-transcript').scrollTop() +
-                                $(this.currentHighlight).position().top -
-                                ($('.able-transcript').height() / 2) +
-                                ($(this.currentHighlight).height() / 2));
-        if (newTop !== Math.floor($('.able-transcript').scrollTop())) {
-          // Set a flag to ignore the coming scroll event.
-          // there's no other way I know of to differentiate programmatic and user-initiated scroll events.
-          this.scrollingTranscript = true;
-          $('.able-transcript').scrollTop(newTop);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Update buffering progress.
-    // TODO: Currently only using the first HTML5 buffered interval, but this fails sometimes when buffering is split into two or more intervals.
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      if (this.media.buffered.length > 0) {
-        buffered = this.media.buffered.end(0)
-        if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-          if (buffered > this.chapterDuration) {
-            buffered = this.chapterDuration;
-          }
-          if (this.seekBar) {
-            this.seekBar.setBuffered(buffered / this.chapterDuration);
-          }
-        }
-        else {
-          if (this.seekBar) {
-            this.seekBar.setBuffered(buffered / duration);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      if (this.seekBar) {
-        this.seekBar.setBuffered(this.jwPlayer.getBuffer() / 100);
-      }
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      if (this.seekBar) {
-        this.seekBar.setBuffered(this.youTubePlayer.getVideoLoadedFraction());
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.getHiddenWidth = function($el) {
-
-    // jQuery returns for width() if element is hidden
-    // this function is a workaround
-
-    // save a reference to a cloned element that can be measured
-    var $hiddenElement = $el.clone().appendTo('body');
-
-    // calculate the width of the clone
-    var width = $hiddenElement.outerWidth();
-
-    // remove the clone from the DOM
-    $hiddenElement.remove();
-
-    return width;
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handlePlay = function(e) {
-    if (this.isPaused()) {
-      this.playMedia();
-    }
-    else {
-      this.pauseMedia();
-    }
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleRestart = function() {
-
-    this.seekTo(0);
-
-  /*
-    // Prior to 2.3.68, this function was handleStop()
-    // which was a bit more challenging to implement
-    // Preserved here in case Stop is ever cool again...
-
-    var thisObj = this;
-    if (this.player == 'html5') {
-      this.pauseMedia();
-      this.seekTo(0);
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      this.jwPlayer.stop();
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      // YouTube API function stopVideo() does not reset video to 0
-      // Also, the stopped video is not seekable so seekTo(0) after stopping doesn't work
-      // Workaround is to use pauseVideo(), followed by seekTo(0) to emulate stopping
-      // However, the tradeoff is that YouTube doesn't restore the poster image when video is paused
-      // Added 12/29/15: After seekTo(0) is finished, stopVideo() to reset video and restore poster image
-      // This final step is handled in event.js > onMediaUpdate()
-      this.youTubePlayer.pauseVideo();
-      this.seekTo(0);
-      this.stoppingYouTube = true;
-    }
-  */
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleRewind = function() {
-
-    var elapsed, targetTime;
-
-    elapsed = this.getElapsed();
-    targetTime = elapsed - this.seekInterval;
-    if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-      if (targetTime < this.currentChapter.start) {
-        targetTime = this.currentChapter.start;
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      if (targetTime < 0) {
-        targetTime = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    this.seekTo(targetTime);
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleFastForward = function() {
-
-    var elapsed, duration, targetTime, lastChapterIndex;
-
-    elapsed = this.getElapsed();
-    duration = this.getDuration();
-    lastChapterIndex = this.chapters.length-1;
-    targetTime = elapsed + this.seekInterval;
-
-    if (this.useChapterTimes) {
-      if (this.chapters[lastChapterIndex] == this.currentChapter) {
-        // this is the last chapter
-        if (targetTime > duration || targetTime > this.currentChapter.end) {
-          // targetTime would exceed the end of the video (or chapter)
-          // scrub to end of whichever is earliest
-          targetTime = Math.min(duration, this.currentChapter.end);
-        }
-        else if (duration % targetTime < this.seekInterval) {
-          // nothing left but pocket change after seeking to targetTime
-          // go ahead and seek to end of video (or chapter), whichever is earliest
-          targetTime = Math.min(duration, this.currentChapter.end);
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        // this is not the last chapter
-        if (targetTime > this.currentChapter.end) {
-          // targetTime would exceed the end of the chapter
-          // scrub exactly to end of chapter
-          targetTime = this.currentChapter.end;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      // not using chapter times
-      if (targetTime > duration) {
-        targetTime = duration;
-      }
-    }
-    this.seekTo(targetTime);
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleRateIncrease = function() {
-    this.changeRate(1);
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleRateDecrease = function() {
-    this.changeRate(-1);
-  };
-
-  // Increases or decreases playback rate, where dir is 1 or -1 indication direction.
-  AblePlayer.prototype.changeRate = function (dir) {
-    if (this.player === 'html5') {
-      this.setPlaybackRate(this.getPlaybackRate() + (0.25 * dir));
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
-      var rates = this.youTubePlayer.getAvailablePlaybackRates();
-      var currentRate = this.getPlaybackRate();
-      var index = rates.indexOf(currentRate);
-      if (index === -1) {
-        console.log('ERROR: Youtube returning unknown playback rate ' + currentRate.toString());
-      }
-      else {
-        index += dir;
-        // Can only increase or decrease rate if there's another rate available.
-        if (index < rates.length && index >= 0) {
-          this.setPlaybackRate(rates[index]);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleCaptionToggle = function() {
-
-    var captions;
-
-    if (this.hidingPopup) {
-      // stopgap to prevent spacebar in Firefox from reopening popup
-      // immediately after closing it
-      this.hidingPopup = false;
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (this.captions.length) {
-      captions = this.captions;
-    }
-    else if (this.ytCaptions.length) {
-      captions = this.ytCaptions;
-    }
-    else {
-      captions = [];
-    }
-    if (captions.length === 1) {
-
-      // When there's only one set of captions, just do an on/off toggle.
-      if (this.captionsOn === true) {
-        // turn them off
-        this.captionsOn = false;
-        this.prefCaptions = 0;
-        this.updateCookie('prefCaptions');
-        if (this.usingYouTubeCaptions) {
-          this.youTubePlayer.unloadModule(this.ytCaptionModule);
-        }
-        else {
-          this.$captionsWrapper.hide();
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        // captions are off. Turn them on.
-        this.captionsOn = true;
-        this.prefCaptions = 1;
-        this.updateCookie('prefCaptions');
-        if (this.usingYouTubeCaptions) {
-          if (typeof this.ytCaptionModule !== 'undefined') {
-            this.youTubePlayer.loadModule(this.ytCaptionModule);
-          }
-        }
-        else {
-          this.$captionsWrapper.show();
-        }
-        for (var i=0; i<captions.length; i++) {
-          if (captions[i].def === true) { // this is the default language
-            this.selectedCaptions = captions[i];
-          }
-        }
-        this.selectedCaptions = this.captions[0];
-        if (this.descriptions.length >= 0) {
-          this.selectedDescriptions = this.descriptions[0];
-        }
-      }
-      this.refreshControls();
-    }
-    else {
-      // there is more than one caption track.
-      // clicking on a track is handled via caption.js > getCaptionClickFunction()
-      if (this.captionsPopup && this.captionsPopup.is(':visible')) {
-        this.captionsPopup.hide();
-        this.hidingPopup = false;
-        this.$ccButton.attr('aria-expanded','false').focus();
-      }
-      else {
-        this.closePopups();
-        if (this.captionsPopup) {
-          this.captionsPopup.show();
-          this.$ccButton.attr('aria-expanded','true');
-          this.captionsPopup.css('top', this.$ccButton.position().top - this.captionsPopup.outerHeight());
-          this.captionsPopup.css('left', this.$ccButton.position().left)
-          // Place focus on the first button (even if another button is checked)
-          this.captionsPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus');
-          this.captionsPopup.find('li').first().focus().addClass('able-focus');
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleChapters = function () {
-    if (this.hidingPopup) {
-      // stopgap to prevent spacebar in Firefox from reopening popup
-      // immediately after closing it
-      this.hidingPopup = false;
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (this.chaptersPopup.is(':visible')) {
-      this.chaptersPopup.hide();
-      this.hidingPopup = false;
-      this.$chaptersButton.attr('aria-expanded','false').focus();
-    }
-    else {
-      this.closePopups();
-      this.chaptersPopup.show();
-      this.$chaptersButton.attr('aria-expanded','true');
-      this.chaptersPopup.css('top', this.$chaptersButton.position().top - this.chaptersPopup.outerHeight());
-      this.chaptersPopup.css('left', this.$chaptersButton.position().left)
-
-      // Highlight the current chapter, if any chapters are checked
-      // Otherwise, place focus on the first chapter
-      this.chaptersPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus');
-      if (this.chaptersPopup.find('li[aria-checked="true"]').length) {
-        this.chaptersPopup.find('li[aria-checked="true"]').focus().addClass('able-focus');
-      }
-      else {
-        this.chaptersPopup.find('li').first().addClass('able-focus').attr('aria-checked','true').focus();
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleDescriptionToggle = function() {
-    this.descOn = !this.descOn;
-    this.prefDesc = + this.descOn; // convert boolean to integer
-    this.updateCookie('prefDesc');
-    this.refreshingDesc = true;
-    this.initDescription();
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handlePrefsClick = function(pref) {
-    // NOTE: the prefs menu is positioned near the right edge of the player
-    // This assumes the Prefs button is also positioned in that vicinity
-    // (last or second-last button the right)
-
-    var prefsButtonPosition, prefsMenuRight, prefsMenuLeft;
-
-    if (this.hidingPopup) {
-      // stopgap to prevent spacebar in Firefox from reopening popup
-      // immediately after closing it
-      this.hidingPopup = false;
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (this.prefsPopup.is(':visible')) {
-      this.prefsPopup.hide();
-      this.hidingPopup = false;
-      this.$prefsButton.attr('aria-expanded','false').focus();
-      // restore each menu item to original hidden state
-      this.prefsPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus').attr('tabindex','-1');
-    }
-    else {
-      this.closePopups();
-      this.prefsPopup.show();
-      this.$prefsButton.attr('aria-expanded','true');
-      prefsButtonPosition = this.$prefsButton.position();
-      prefsMenuRight = this.$ableDiv.width() - 5;
-      prefsMenuLeft = prefsMenuRight - this.prefsPopup.width();
-      this.prefsPopup.css('top', prefsButtonPosition.top - this.prefsPopup.outerHeight());
-      this.prefsPopup.css('left', prefsMenuLeft);
-      // remove prior focus and set focus on first item; also change tabindex from -1 to 0
-      this.prefsPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus').attr('tabindex','0');
-      this.prefsPopup.find('li').first().focus().addClass('able-focus');
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleHelpClick = function() {
-    this.setFullscreen(false);
-    this.helpDialog.show();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleTranscriptToggle = function () {
-    if (this.$transcriptDiv.is(':visible')) {
-      this.$transcriptArea.hide();
-      this.$transcriptButton.addClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.showTranscript);
-      this.$transcriptButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.showTranscript);
-      this.prefTranscript = 0;
-      this.$transcriptButton.focus().addClass('able-focus');
-    }
-    else {
-      this.positionDraggableWindow('transcript');
-      this.$transcriptArea.show();
-      this.$transcriptButton.removeClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.hideTranscript);
-      this.$transcriptButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.hideTranscript);
-      this.prefTranscript = 1;
-    }
-    this.updateCookie('prefTranscript');
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleSignToggle = function () {
-    if (this.$signWindow.is(':visible')) {
-      this.$signWindow.hide();
-      this.$signButton.addClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.showSign);
-      this.$signButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.showSign);
-      this.prefSign = 0;
-      this.$signButton.focus().addClass('able-focus');
-    }
-    else {
-      this.positionDraggableWindow('sign');
-      this.$signWindow.show();
-      this.$signButton.removeClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.hideSign);
-      this.$signButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.hideSign);
-      this.prefSign = 1;
-    }
-    this.updateCookie('prefSign');
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.isFullscreen = function () {
-    if (this.nativeFullscreenSupported()) {
-      return (document.fullscreenElement ||
-              document.webkitFullscreenElement ||
-              document.webkitCurrentFullScreenElement ||
-              document.mozFullScreenElement ||
-              document.msFullscreenElement) ? true : false;
-    }
-    else {
-      return this.modalFullscreenActive ? true : false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.setFullscreen = function (fullscreen) {
-    if (this.isFullscreen() == fullscreen) {
-      return;
-    }
-    var thisObj = this;
-    var $el = this.$ableWrapper;
-    var el = $el[0];
-
-    if (this.nativeFullscreenSupported()) {
-      // Note: many varying names for options for browser compatibility.
-      if (fullscreen) {
-        // Initialize fullscreen
-
-        // But first, capture current settings so they can be restored later
-        this.preFullScreenWidth = this.$ableWrapper.width();
-        this.preFullScreenHeight = this.$ableWrapper.height();
-
-        if (el.requestFullscreen) {
-          el.requestFullscreen();
-        }
-        else if (el.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
-          el.webkitRequestFullscreen();
-        }
-        else if (el.mozRequestFullScreen) {
-          el.mozRequestFullScreen();
-        }
-        else if (el.msRequestFullscreen) {
-          el.msRequestFullscreen();
-        }
-      }
-      else {
-        // Exit fullscreen
-        if (document.exitFullscreen) {
-          document.exitFullscreen();
-        }
-        else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
-          document.webkitExitFullscreen();
-        }
-        else if (document.webkitCancelFullScreen) {
-          document.webkitCancelFullScreen();
-        }
-        else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
-          document.mozCancelFullScreen();
-        }
-        else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
-          document.msExitFullscreen();
-        }
-      }
-      // add event handlers for changes in full screen mode
-      // currently most changes are made in response to windowResize event
-      // However, that alone is not resulting in a properly restored player size in Opera Mac
-      // More on the Opera Mac bug: https://github.com/ableplayer/ableplayer/issues/162
-      // this fullscreen event handler added specifically for Opera Mac,
-      // but includes event listeners for all browsers in case its functionality could be expanded
-      // Added functionality in 2.3.45 for handling YouTube return from fullscreen as well
-      $(document).on('webkitfullscreenchange mozfullscreenchange fullscreenchange MSFullscreenChange', function() {
-        if (!thisObj.isFullscreen()) {
-          // user has just exited full screen
-          thisObj.restoringAfterFullScreen = true;
-          thisObj.resizePlayer(thisObj.preFullScreenWidth,thisObj.preFullScreenHeight);
-        }
-      });
-    }
-    else {
-      // Non-native fullscreen support through modal dialog.
-      // Create dialog on first run through.
-      if (!this.fullscreenDialog) {
-        var $dialogDiv = $('<div>');
-        // create a hidden alert, communicated to screen readers via aria-describedby
-        var $fsDialogAlert = $('<p>',{
-          'class': 'able-screenreader-alert'
-        }).text(this.tt.fullscreen); // In English: "Full screen"; TODO: Add alert text that is more descriptive
-        $dialogDiv.append($fsDialogAlert);
-        // now render this as a dialog
-        this.fullscreenDialog = new AccessibleDialog($dialogDiv, this.$fullscreenButton, 'dialog', 'Fullscreen video player', $fsDialogAlert, this.tt.exitFullScreen, '100%', true, function () { thisObj.handleFullscreenToggle() });
-        $('body').append($dialogDiv);
-      }
-
-      // Track whether paused/playing before moving element; moving the element can stop playback.
-      var wasPaused = this.isPaused();
-
-      if (fullscreen) {
-        this.modalFullscreenActive = true;
-        this.fullscreenDialog.show();
-
-        // Move player element into fullscreen dialog, then show.
-        // Put a placeholder element where player was.
-        this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder = $('<div class="placeholder">');
-        this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder.insertAfter($el);
-        $el.appendTo(this.fullscreenDialog.modal);
-
-        // Column left css is 50% by default; set to 100% for full screen.
-        if ($el === this.$ableColumnLeft) {
-          $el.width('100%');
-        }
-        var newHeight = $(window).height() - this.$playerDiv.height();
-        if (!this.$descDiv.is(':hidden')) {
-          newHeight -= this.$descDiv.height();
-        }
-        this.resizePlayer($(window).width(), newHeight);
-      }
-      else {
-        this.modalFullscreenActive = false;
-        if ($el === this.$ableColumnLeft) {
-          $el.width('50%');
-        }
-        $el.insertAfter(this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder);
-        this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder.remove();
-        this.fullscreenDialog.hide();
-        this.resizePlayer(this.$ableWrapper.width(), this.$ableWrapper.height());
-      }
-
-      // TODO: JW Player freezes after being moved on iPads (instead of being reset as in most browsers)
-      // Need to call setup again after moving?
-
-      // Resume playback if moving stopped it.
-      if (!wasPaused && this.isPaused()) {
-        this.playMedia();
-      }
-    }
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleFullscreenToggle = function () {
-    var stillPaused = this.isPaused(); //add boolean variable reading return from isPaused function
-    this.setFullscreen(!this.isFullscreen());
-    if (stillPaused) {
-      this.pauseMedia(); // when toggling fullscreen and media is just paused, keep media paused.
-    }
-    else if (!stillPaused) {
-      this.playMedia(); // when toggling fullscreen and media is playing, continue playing.
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.handleTranscriptLockToggle = function (val) {
-
-    this.autoScrollTranscript = val; // val is boolean
-    this.prefAutoScrollTranscript = +val; // convert boolean to numeric 1 or 0 for cookie
-    this.updateCookie('prefAutoScrollTranscript');
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.showTooltip = function($tooltip) {
-
-    if (($tooltip).is(':animated')) {
-      $tooltip.stop(true,true).show().delay(4000).fadeOut(1000);
-    }
-    else {
-      $tooltip.stop().show().delay(4000).fadeOut(1000);
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.showAlert = function( msg, location ) {
-
-    // location is either of the following:
-    // 'main' (default)
-    // 'screenreader
-    // 'sign' (sign language window)
-    // 'transcript' (trasncript window)
-    var thisObj, $alertBox, $parentWindow, alertLeft, alertTop;
-
-    thisObj = this;
-
-    if (location === 'transcript') {
-      $alertBox = this.$transcriptAlert;
-      $parentWindow = this.$transcriptArea;
-    }
-    else if (location === 'sign') {
-      $alertBox = this.$signAlert;
-      $parentWindow = this.$signWindow;
-    }
-    else if (location === 'screenreader') {
-      $alertBox = this.$srAlertBox;
-    }
-    else {
-      $alertBox = this.$alertBox;
-    }
-    $alertBox.show();
-    $alertBox.text(msg);
-    if (location == 'transcript' || location === 'sign') {
-      if ($parentWindow.width() > $alertBox.width()) {
-        alertLeft = $parentWindow.width() / 2 - $alertBox.width() / 2;
-      }
-      else {
-        // alert box is wider than its container. Position it far left and let it wrap
-        alertLeft = 10;
-      }
-      if (location === 'sign') {
-        // position alert in the lower third of the sign window (to avoid covering the signer)
-        alertTop = ($parentWindow.height() / 3) * 2;
-      }
-      else if (location === 'transcript') {
-        // position alert just beneath the toolbar to avoid getting lost among transcript text
-        alertTop = this.$transcriptToolbar.height() + 30;
-      }
-      $alertBox.css({
-        top: alertTop + 'px',
-        left: alertLeft + 'px'
-      });
-    }
-    else if (location !== 'screenreader') {
-      // The original formula incorporated offset() into the calculation
-      // but at some point this began resulting in an alert that's off-centered
-      // Changed in v2.2.17, but here's the original for reference in case needed:
-      // left: this.$playerDiv.offset().left + (this.$playerDiv.width() / 2) - ($alertBox.width() / 2)
-      $alertBox.css({
-        left: (this.$playerDiv.width() / 2) - ($alertBox.width() / 2)
-      });
-    }
-    if (location !== 'screenreader') {
-      setTimeout(function () {
-        $alertBox.fadeOut(300);
-      }, 3000);
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.showedAlert = function (which) {
-
-    // returns true if the target alert has already been shown
-    // useful for throttling alerts that only need to be shown once
-    // e.g., move alerts with instructions for dragging a window
-
-    if (which === 'transcript') {
-      if (this.showedTranscriptAlert) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      else {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    else if (which === 'sign') {
-      if (this.showedSignAlert) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      else {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Resizes all relevant player attributes.
-  AblePlayer.prototype.resizePlayer = function (width, height) {
-
-    var jwHeight, captionSizeOkMin, captionSizeOkMax, captionSize, newCaptionSize, newLineHeight;
-
-    if (this.isFullscreen()) {
-      if (typeof this.$vidcapContainer !== 'undefined') {
-        this.$ableWrapper.css({
-          'width': width + 'px',
-          'max-width': ''
-        })
-        this.$vidcapContainer.css({
-          'height': height + 'px',
-          'width': width
-        });
-        this.$media.css({
-          'height': height + 'px',
-          'width': width
-        })
-      }
-      if (typeof this.$transcriptArea !== 'undefined') {
-        this.retrieveOffscreenWindow('transcript',width,height);
-      }
-      if (typeof this.$signWindow !== 'undefined') {
-        this.retrieveOffscreenWindow('sign',width,height);
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      // player resized
-      if (this.restoringAfterFullScreen) {
-        // User has just exited fullscreen mode. Restore to previous settings
-        width = this.preFullScreenWidth;
-        height = this.preFullScreenHeight;
-        this.restoringAfterFullScreen = false;
-        this.$ableWrapper.css({
-          'max-width': width + 'px',
-          'width': ''
-        });
-        if (typeof this.$vidcapContainer !== 'undefined') {
-          this.$vidcapContainer.css({
-            'height': '',
-            'width': ''
-          });
-        }
-        this.$media.css({
-          'width': '100%',
-          'height': 'auto'
-        });
-      }
-    }
-
-    // resize YouTube or JW Player
-    if (this.player === 'youtube' && this.youTubePlayer) {
-      this.youTubePlayer.setSize(width, height);
-    }
-    else if (this.player === 'jw' && this.jwPlayer) {
-      if (this.mediaType === 'audio') {
-        // keep height set to 0 to prevent JW PLayer from showing its own player
-        this.jwPlayer.resize(width,0);
-      }
-      else {
-        this.jwPlayer.resize(width, jwHeight);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Resize captions
-    if (typeof this.$captionsDiv !== 'undefined') {
-
-      // Font-size is too small in full screen view & too large in small-width view
-      // The following vars define a somewhat arbitary zone outside of which
-      // caption size requires adjustment
-      captionSizeOkMin = 400;
-      captionSizeOkMax = 1000;
-      captionSize = parseInt(this.prefCaptionsSize,10);
-
-      // TODO: Need a better formula so that it scales proportionally to viewport
-      if (width > captionSizeOkMax) {
-        newCaptionSize = captionSize * 1.5;
-      }
-      else if (width < captionSizeOkMin) {
-        newCaptionSize = captionSize / 1.5;
-      }
-      else {
-        newCaptionSize = captionSize;
-      }
-      newLineHeight = newCaptionSize + 25;
-      this.$captionsDiv.css('font-size',newCaptionSize + '%');
-      this.$captionsWrapper.css('line-height',newLineHeight + '%');
-    }
-
-    this.refreshControls();
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.retrieveOffscreenWindow = function( which, width, height ) {
-
-    // check to be sure popup windows ('transcript' or 'sign') are positioned on-screen
-    // (they sometimes disappear off-screen when entering fullscreen mode)
-    // if off-screen, recalculate so they are back on screen
-
-    var window, windowPos, windowTop, windowLeft, windowRight, windowWidth, windowBottom, windowHeight;
-
-    if (which == 'transcript') {
-      window = this.$transcriptArea;
-    }
-    else if (which == 'sign') {
-      window = this.$signWindow;
-    }
-    windowWidth = window.width();
-    windowHeight = window.height();
-    windowPos = window.position();
-    windowTop = windowPos.top;
-    windowLeft = windowPos.left;
-    windowRight = windowLeft + windowWidth;
-    windowBottom = windowTop + windowHeight;
-
-    if (windowTop < 0) { // off-screen to the top
-      windowTop = 10;
-      window.css('top',windowTop);
-    }
-    if (windowLeft < 0) { // off-screen to the left
-      windowLeft = 10;
-      window.css('left',windowLeft);
-    }
-    if (windowRight > width) { // off-screen to the right
-      windowLeft = (width - 20) - windowWidth;
-      window.css('left',windowLeft);
-    }
-    if (windowBottom > height) { // off-screen to the bottom
-      windowTop = (height - 10) - windowHeight;
-      window.css('top',windowTop);
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.getHighestZIndex = function() {
-
-    // returns the highest z-index on page
-    // used to ensure dialogs (or potentially other windows) are on top
-
-    var max, $elements, z;
-    max = 0;
-
-    // exclude the Able Player dialogs and windows
-    $elements = $('body *').not('.able-modal-dialog,.able-modal-dialog *,.able-modal-overlay,.able-modal-overlay *,.able-sign-window,.able-transcript-area');
-
-    $elements.each(function(){
-      z = $(this).css('z-index');
-      if (Number.isInteger(+z)) { // work only with integer values, not 'auto'
-        if (parseInt(z) > max) {
-          max = parseInt(z);
-        }
-      }
-    });
-    return max;
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.updateZIndex = function(which) {
-
-    // update z-index of 'transcript' or 'sign', relative to each other
-    // direction is always 'up' (i.e., move window to top)
-    // windows come to the top when the user clicks on them
-    var defHighZ, defLowZ, highestZ, transcriptZ, signZ, newHighZ, newLowZ;
-
-    // set the default z-indexes, as defined in ableplayer.css
-    defHighZ = 8000; // by default, assigned to the sign window
-    defLowZ = 7000; // by default, assigned to the transcript area
-    highestZ = this.getHighestZIndex(); // highest z-index on the page, excluding Able Player windows & modals
-
-    // NOTE: Although highestZ is collected here, it currently isn't used.
-    // If something on the page has a higher z-index than the transcript or sign window, do we care?
-    // Excluding it here assumes "No". Our immediate concern is with the relationship between our own components.
-    // If we elevate our z-indexes so our content is on top, we run the risk of starting a z-index war.
-
-    if (typeof this.$transcriptArea === 'undefined' || typeof this.$signWindow === 'undefined' ) {
-      // at least one of the windows doesn't exist, so there's no conflict
-      // since z-index may have been stored to a cookie on another page, need to restore default
-      if (typeof this.$transcriptArea !== 'undefined') {
-        transcriptZ = parseInt(this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index'));
-        if (transcriptZ > defLowZ) {
-          // restore to the default
-          this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index',defLowZ);
-        }
-      }
-      else if (typeof this.$signWindow !== 'undefined') {
-        signZ = parseInt(this.$signWindow.css('z-index'));
-        if (signZ > defHighZ) {
-          // restore to the default
-          this.$signWindow.css('z-index',defHighZ);
-        }
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // both windows exist
-
-    // get current values
-    transcriptZ = parseInt(this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index'));
-    signZ = parseInt(this.$signWindow.css('z-index'));
-
-    if (transcriptZ === signZ) {
-      // the two windows are equal; restore defaults (the target window will be on top)
-      newHighZ = defHighZ;
-      newLowZ = defLowZ;
-    }
-    else if (transcriptZ > signZ) {
-      if (which === 'transcript') {
-        // transcript is already on top; nothing to do
-        return false;
-      }
-      else {
-        // swap z's
-        newHighZ = transcriptZ;
-        newLowZ = signZ;
-      }
-    }
-    else { // signZ is greater
-      if (which === 'sign') {
-        // sign is already on top; nothing to do
-        return false;
-      }
-      else {
-        newHighZ = signZ;
-        newLowZ = transcriptZ;
-      }
-    }
-    // now assign the new values
-    if (which === 'transcript') {
-      this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index',newHighZ);
-      this.$signWindow.css('z-index',newLowZ);
-    }
-    else if (which === 'sign') {
-      this.$signWindow.css('z-index',newHighZ);
-      this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index',newLowZ);
-    }
-  };
-
-  AblePlayer.prototype.syncTrackLanguages = function (source, language) {
-
-    // this function is called when the player is built (source == 'init')
-    // and again when user changes the language of either 'captions' or 'transcript'
-    // It syncs the languages of chapters, descriptions, and metadata tracks
-    // NOTE: Caption and transcript languages are somewhat independent from one another
-    // If a user changes the caption language, the transcript follows
-    // However, if a user changes the transcript language, this only affects the transcript
-    // This was a group decision based on the belief that users may want a transcript
-    // that is in a different language than the captions
-
-    var i, captions, descriptions, chapters, meta;
-
-    // Captions
-    for (i = 0; i < this.captions.length; i++) {
-      if (this.captions[i].language === language) {
-        captions = this.captions[i];
-      }
-    }
-    // Chapters
-    for (i = 0; i < this.chapters.length; i++) {
-      if (this.chapters[i].language === language) {
-        chapters = this.chapters[i];
-      }
-    }
-    // Descriptions
-    for (i = 0; i < this.descriptions.length; i++) {
-      if (this.descriptions[i].language === language) {
-        descriptions = this.descriptions[i];
-      }
-    }
-    // Metadata
-    for (i = 0; i < this.meta.length; i++) {
-      if (this.meta[i].language === language) {
-        meta = this.meta[i];
-      }
-    }
-
-    // regardless of source...
-    this.transcriptLang = language;
-
-    if (source === 'init' || source === 'captions') {
-      this.captionLang = language;
-      this.selectedCaptions = captions;
-      this.selectedChapters = chapters;
-      this.selectedDescriptions = descriptions;
-      this.selectedMeta = meta;
-      this.transcriptCaptions = captions;
-      this.transcriptChapters = chapters;
-      this.transcriptDescriptions = descriptions;
-      this.updateChaptersList();
-      // the following was commented out in Oct/Nov 2018.
-      // chapters popup is setup automatically when setupPopups() is called later with no param
-      // not sure why it was included here.
-      // this.setupPopups('chapters');
-    }
-    else if (source === 'transcript') {
-      this.transcriptCaptions = captions;
-      this.transcriptChapters = chapters;
-      this.transcriptDescriptions = descriptions;
-    }
-    this.updateTranscript();
-  };
+	AblePlayer.prototype.seekTo = function (newTime) {
+
+		// define variables to be used for analytics
+		// e.g., to measure the extent to which users seek back and forward
+		this.seekFromTime = this.media.currentTime;
+		this.seekToTime = newTime;
+
+		this.seeking = true;
+		this.liveUpdatePending = true;
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			var seekable;
+
+			this.startTime = newTime;
+			// Check HTML5 media "seekable" property to be sure media is seekable to startTime
+			seekable = this.media.seekable;
+			if (seekable.length > 0 && this.startTime >= seekable.start(0) && this.startTime <= seekable.end(0)) {
+				// ok to seek to startTime
+				// canplaythrough will be triggered when seeking is complete
+				// this.seeking will be set to false at that point
+				this.media.currentTime = this.startTime;
+				if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
+					// keep sign languge video in sync
+					this.signVideo.currentTime = this.startTime;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			this.youTubePlayer.seekTo(newTime,true);
+			if (newTime > 0) {
+				if (typeof this.$posterImg !== 'undefined') {
+					this.$posterImg.hide();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			this.vimeoPlayer.setCurrentTime(newTime).then(function() {
+				// seek finished.
+				// could do something here
+				// successful completion also fires a 'seeked' event (see event.js)
+			})
+		}
+		this.refreshControls('timeline');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getMediaTimes = function (duration, elapsed) {
+
+		 // Returns an array with keys 'duration' and 'elapsed'
+		 // Vars passed to this function come courtesy of select Vimeo events
+		 // Use those if they're available.
+		 // Otherwise, will need to call the relevant media API
+		 // This function should only be called from onMediaUpdateTime()
+		 // If duration and elapsed are needed other times, use this.duration and this.elapsed
+
+		// both values are expressed in seconds, and all player APIs are similar:
+		// they return a value that is rounded to the nearest second before playback begins,
+		// then to the nearest thousandth of a second after playback begins
+		// With HTML5 media API, some browsers are more precise (e.g., Firefox rounds to 6 decimal points)
+		// but inconsistent (values with 9 decimal points have been sporadically observed in Safari)
+		// For standardization, values are rounded to 6 decimal points before they're returned
+
+		var deferred, promise, thisObj, mediaTimes;
+		mediaTimes = {};
+
+		deferred = new $.Deferred();
+		promise = deferred.promise();
+		thisObj = this;
+
+		if (typeof duration !== 'undefined' && typeof elapsed !== 'undefined') {
+			mediaTimes['duration'] = duration;
+			mediaTimes['elapsed'] = elapsed;
+			deferred.resolve(mediaTimes);
+		}
+		else {
+			this.getDuration().then(function(duration) {
+				mediaTimes['duration'] = thisObj.roundDown(duration,6);
+				thisObj.getElapsed().then(function(elapsed) {
+					mediaTimes['elapsed'] = thisObj.roundDown(elapsed,6);
+					deferred.resolve(mediaTimes);
+				});
+			});
+		}
+		return promise;
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getDuration = function () {
+
+		// returns duration of the current media, expressed in seconds
+		// function is called by getMediaTimes, and return value is sanitized there
+
+		var deferred, promise, thisObj;
+
+		deferred = new $.Deferred();
+		promise = deferred.promise();
+		thisObj = this;
+
+		if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			if (this.vimeoPlayer) {
+				 this.vimeoPlayer.getDuration().then(function(duration) {
+					if (duration === undefined || isNaN(duration) || duration === -1) {
+						deferred.resolve(0);
+					}
+					else {
+						deferred.resolve(duration);
+					}
+				});
+			}
+			else { // vimeoPlayer hasn't been initialized yet.
+				deferred.resolve(0);
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			var duration;
+			if (this.player === 'html5') {
+				duration = this.media.duration;
+			}
+			else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+				if (this.youTubePlayer) {
+					duration = this.youTubePlayer.getDuration();
+				}
+				else { // the YouTube player hasn't initialized yet
+					duration = 0;
+				}
+			}
+			if (duration === undefined || isNaN(duration) || duration === -1) {
+				deferred.resolve(0);
+			}
+			else {
+				deferred.resolve(duration);
+			}
+		}
+		return promise;
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getElapsed = function () {
+
+		// returns elapsed time of the current media, expressed in seconds
+		// function is called by getMediaTimes, and return value is sanitized there
+
+		var deferred, promise, thisObj;
+
+		deferred = new $.Deferred();
+		promise = deferred.promise();
+		thisObj = this;
+
+		if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			if (this.vimeoPlayer) {
+				this.vimeoPlayer.getCurrentTime().then(function(elapsed) {
+					if (elapsed === undefined || isNaN(elapsed) || elapsed === -1) {
+						deferred.resolve(0);
+					}
+					else {
+						deferred.resolve(elapsed);
+					}
+				});
+			}
+			else { // vimeoPlayer hasn't been initialized yet.
+				deferred.resolve(0);
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			var elapsed;
+			if (this.player === 'html5') {
+				elapsed = this.media.currentTime;
+			}
+			else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+				if (this.youTubePlayer) {
+					elapsed = this.youTubePlayer.getCurrentTime();
+				}
+				else { // the YouTube player hasn't initialized yet
+					elapsed = 0;
+				}
+			}
+			if (elapsed === undefined || isNaN(elapsed) || elapsed === -1) {
+				deferred.resolve(0);
+			}
+			else {
+				deferred.resolve(elapsed);
+			}
+		}
+		return promise;
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getPlayerState = function () {
+
+		// Returns one of the following states:
+		//	'stopped' - Not yet played for the first time, or otherwise reset to unplayed.
+		//	'ended' - Finished playing.
+		//	'paused' - Not playing, but not stopped or ended.
+		//	'buffering' - Momentarily paused to load, but will resume once data is loaded.
+		//	'playing' - Currently playing.
+
+		// Commented out the following in 3.2.1 - not sure of its intended purpose
+		// It can be useful to know player state even when swapping src
+		// and the overhead is seemingly minimal
+		/*
+		if (this.swappingSrc) {
+			return;
+		}
+		*/
+
+		var deferred, promise, thisObj, duration, elapsed;
+		deferred = new $.Deferred();
+		promise = deferred.promise();
+		thisObj = this;
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			if (this.media.ended) {
+				deferred.resolve('ended');
+			}
+			else if (this.media.paused) {
+				deferred.resolve('paused');
+			}
+			else if (this.media.readyState !== 4) {
+				deferred.resolve('buffering');
+			}
+			else {
+				deferred.resolve('playing');
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube' && this.youTubePlayer) {
+			var state = this.youTubePlayer.getPlayerState();
+			if (state === -1 || state === 5) {
+				deferred.resolve('stopped');
+			}
+			else if (state === 0) {
+				deferred.resolve('ended');
+			}
+			else if (state === 1) {
+				deferred.resolve('playing');
+			}
+			else if (state === 2) {
+				deferred.resolve('paused');
+			}
+			else if (state === 3) {
+				deferred.resolve('buffering');
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo' && this.vimeoPlayer) {
+				// curiously, Vimeo's API has no getPlaying(), getBuffering(), or getState() methods
+			// so maybe if it's neither paused nor ended, it must be playing???
+			this.vimeoPlayer.getPaused().then(function(paused) {
+				if (paused) {
+					deferred.resolve('paused');
+				}
+				else {
+					thisObj.vimeoPlayer.getEnded().then(function(ended) {
+						if (ended) {
+							deferred.resolve('ended');
+						}
+						else {
+							deferred.resolve('playing');
+						}
+					});
+				}
+			});
+		}
+		return promise;
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.isPlaybackRateSupported = function () {
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			if (this.media.playbackRate) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			else {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			// Youtube supports varying playback rates per video.	 Only expose controls if more than one playback rate is available.
+			if (this.youTubePlayer.getAvailablePlaybackRates().length > 1) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			else {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			// since this takes longer to determine, it was set previous in initVimeoPlayer()
+			return this.vimeoSupportsPlaybackRateChange;
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.setPlaybackRate = function (rate) {
+
+		rate = Math.max(0.5, rate);
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			this.media.playbackRate = rate;
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			this.youTubePlayer.setPlaybackRate(rate);
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			this.vimeoPlayer.setPlaybackRate(rate);
+		}
+		if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
+			this.signVideo.playbackRate = rate;
+		}
+		this.$speed.text(this.tt.speed + ': ' + rate.toFixed(2).toString() + 'x');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getPlaybackRate = function () {
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			return this.media.playbackRate;
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			return this.youTubePlayer.getPlaybackRate();
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.isPaused = function () {
+
+		 // Note there are three player states that count as paused in this sense,
+		// and one of them is named 'paused'.
+		// A better name would be 'isCurrentlyNotPlayingOrBuffering'
+
+		var state;
+
+		if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			// just rely on value of this.playing
+			if (this.playing) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			else {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			this.getPlayerState().then(function(state) {
+				// if any of the following is true, consider the media 'paused'
+				return state === 'paused' || state === 'stopped' || state === 'ended';
+			});
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.pauseMedia = function () {
+
+		var thisObj = this;
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			this.media.pause(true);
+			if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
+				this.signVideo.pause(true);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			this.youTubePlayer.pauseVideo();
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			this.vimeoPlayer.pause();
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.playMedia = function () {
+
+		var thisObj = this;
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			this.media.play(true);
+			if (this.hasSignLanguage && this.signVideo) {
+				this.signVideo.play(true);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			this.youTubePlayer.playVideo();
+			if (typeof this.$posterImg !== 'undefined') {
+				this.$posterImg.hide();
+			}
+			this.stoppingYouTube = false;
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			 this.vimeoPlayer.play();
+		}
+		this.startedPlaying = true;
+		if (this.hideControls) {
+			// wait briefly after playback begins, then hide controls
+			this.hidingControls = true;
+			this.invokeHideControlsTimeout();
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.fadeControls = function(direction) {
+
+		// Visibly fade controls without hiding them from screen reader users
+
+		// direction is either 'out' or 'in'
+
+		// TODO: This still needs work.
+		// After the player fades, it's replaced by an empty space
+		// Would be better if the video and captions expanded to fill the void
+		// Attempted to fade out to 0 opacity, then move the playerDiv offscreen
+		// and expand the mediaContainer to fill the vacated space
+		// However, my attempts to do this have been choppy and buggy
+		// Code is preserved below and commented out
+
+		var thisObj, mediaHeight, playerHeight, newMediaHeight;
+		var thisObj = this;
+
+		if (direction == 'out') {
+			// get the original height of two key components:
+			mediaHeight = this.$mediaContainer.height();
+			playerHeight = this.$playerDiv.height();
+			newMediaHeight = mediaHeight + playerHeight;
+
+			// fade slowly to transparency
+			this.$playerDiv.fadeTo(2000,0,function() {
+				/*
+				// when finished, position playerDiv offscreen
+				// thisObj.$playerDiv.addClass('able-offscreen');
+				// Expand the height of mediaContainer to fill the void (needs work)
+				thisObj.$mediaContainer.animate({
+					height: newMediaHeight
+				},500);
+				*/
+			});
+		}
+		else if (direction == 'in') {
+			// restore vidcapContainer to its original height (needs work)
+			// this.$mediaContainer.removeAttr('style');
+			// fade relatively quickly back to its original position with full opacity
+			// this.$playerDiv.removeClass('able-offscreen').fadeTo(100,1);
+			this.$playerDiv.fadeTo(100,1);
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.invokeHideControlsTimeout = function () {
+
+		// invoke timeout for waiting a few seconds after a mouse move or key down
+		// before hiding controls again
+		var thisObj = this;
+		this.hideControlsTimeout = window.setTimeout(function() {
+			if (typeof thisObj.playing !== 'undefined' && thisObj.playing === true && thisObj.hideControls) {
+				thisObj.fadeControls('out');
+				thisObj.controlsHidden = true;
+			}
+		},5000);
+		this.hideControlsTimeoutStatus = 'active';
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.refreshControls = function(context, duration, elapsed) {
+
+		// context is one of the following:
+		// 'init' - initial build (or subsequent change that requires full rebuild)
+		// 'timeline' - a change may effect time-related controls
+		// 'captions' - a change may effect caption-related controls
+		// 'descriptions' - a change may effect description-related controls
+		// 'transcript' - a change may effect the transcript window or button
+		// 'fullscreen' - a change has been triggered by full screen toggle
+		// 'playpause' - a change triggered by either a 'play' or 'pause' event
+
+		// NOTE: context is not currently supported.
+		// The steps in this function have too many complex interdependencies
+		// The gains in efficiency are offset by the possibility of introducing bugs
+		// For now, executing everything
+		context = 'init';
+
+		// duration and elapsed are passed from callback functions of Vimeo API events
+		// duration is expressed as sss.xxx
+		// elapsed is expressed as sss.xxx
+
+		var thisObj, duration, elapsed, lastChapterIndex, displayElapsed,
+			updateLive, textByState, timestamp, widthUsed,
+			leftControls, rightControls, seekbarWidth, seekbarSpacer, captionsCount,
+			buffered, newTop, statusBarHeight, speedHeight, statusBarWidthBreakpoint,
+			newSvgData;
+
+		thisObj = this;
+		if (this.swappingSrc) {
+			// wait until new source has loaded before refreshing controls
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'timeline' || context === 'init') {
+			// all timeline-related functionality requires both duration and elapsed
+			if (typeof this.duration === 'undefined') {
+			 	// wait until duration is known before proceeding with refresh
+			 	return;
+			}
+			if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+				this.chapterDuration = this.getChapterDuration();
+				this.chapterElapsed = this.getChapterElapsed();
+			}
+
+			if (this.useFixedSeekInterval === false && this.seekIntervalCalculated === false && this.duration > 0) {
+				// couldn't calculate seekInterval previously; try again.
+				this.setSeekInterval();
+			}
+
+			if (this.seekBar) {
+				if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+					lastChapterIndex = this.selectedChapters.cues.length-1;
+					if (this.selectedChapters.cues[lastChapterIndex] == this.currentChapter) {
+						// this is the last chapter
+						if (this.currentChapter.end !== this.duration) {
+							// chapter ends before or after video ends
+							// need to adjust seekbar duration to match video end
+							this.seekBar.setDuration(this.duration - this.currentChapter.start);
+						}
+						else {
+							this.seekBar.setDuration(this.chapterDuration);
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						// this is not the last chapter
+						this.seekBar.setDuration(this.chapterDuration);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					if (!(this.duration === undefined || isNaN(this.duration) || this.duration === -1)) {
+						this.seekBar.setDuration(this.duration);
+					}
+				}
+				if (!(this.seekBar.tracking)) {
+					// Only update the aria live region if we have an update pending
+					// (from a seek button control) or if the seekBar has focus.
+					// We use document.activeElement instead of $(':focus') due to a strange bug:
+					// 	When the seekHead element is focused, .is(':focus') is failing and $(':focus') is returning an undefined element.
+					updateLive = this.liveUpdatePending || this.seekBar.seekHead.is($(document.activeElement));
+					this.liveUpdatePending = false;
+					if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+						this.seekBar.setPosition(this.chapterElapsed, updateLive);
+					}
+					else {
+						this.seekBar.setPosition(this.elapsed, updateLive);
+					}
+				}
+
+				// When seeking, display the seek bar time instead of the actual elapsed time.
+				if (this.seekBar.tracking) {
+					displayElapsed = this.seekBar.lastTrackPosition;
+				}
+				else {
+					if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+						displayElapsed = this.chapterElapsed;
+					}
+					else {
+						displayElapsed = this.elapsed;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// update elapsed & duration
+			if (typeof this.$durationContainer !== 'undefined') {
+				if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+					this.$durationContainer.text(' / ' + this.formatSecondsAsColonTime(this.chapterDuration));
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$durationContainer.text(' / ' + this.formatSecondsAsColonTime(this.duration));
+				}
+			}
+			if (typeof this.$elapsedTimeContainer !== 'undefined') {
+				this.$elapsedTimeContainer.text(this.formatSecondsAsColonTime(displayElapsed));
+			}
+
+			// Update seekbar width.
+			// To do this, we need to calculate the width of all buttons surrounding it.
+			if (this.seekBar) {
+				widthUsed = 0;
+				seekbarSpacer = 40; // adjust for discrepancies in browsers' calculated button widths
+
+				leftControls = this.seekBar.wrapperDiv.parent().prev('div.able-left-controls');
+				rightControls = leftControls.next('div.able-right-controls');
+				leftControls.children().each(function () {
+					if ($(this).prop('tagName')=='BUTTON') {
+						widthUsed += $(this).width();
+					}
+				});
+				rightControls.children().each(function () {
+					if ($(this).prop('tagName')=='BUTTON') {
+						widthUsed += $(this).width();
+					}
+				});
+				if (this.fullscreen) {
+					seekbarWidth = $(window).width() - widthUsed - seekbarSpacer;
+				}
+				else {
+					seekbarWidth = this.$ableWrapper.width() - widthUsed - seekbarSpacer;
+				}
+				// Sometimes some minor fluctuations based on browser weirdness, so set a threshold.
+				if (Math.abs(seekbarWidth - this.seekBar.getWidth()) > 5) {
+					this.seekBar.setWidth(seekbarWidth);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Update buffering progress.
+			// TODO: Currently only using the first HTML5 buffered interval,
+			// but this fails sometimes when buffering is split into two or more intervals.
+			if (this.player === 'html5') {
+				if (this.media.buffered.length > 0) {
+					buffered = this.media.buffered.end(0);
+					if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+						if (buffered > this.chapterDuration) {
+							buffered = this.chapterDuration;
+						}
+						if (this.seekBar) {
+							this.seekBar.setBuffered(buffered / this.chapterDuration);
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						if (this.seekBar) {
+							this.seekBar.setBuffered(buffered / duration);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+				if (this.seekBar) {
+					this.seekBar.setBuffered(this.youTubePlayer.getVideoLoadedFraction());
+				}
+			}
+			else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+				// TODO: Add support for Vimeo buffering update
+			}
+		} // end if context == 'timeline' or 'init'
+
+		if (context === 'descriptions' || context == 'init'){
+
+			if (this.$descButton) {
+				if (this.descOn) {
+					this.$descButton.removeClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.turnOffDescriptions);
+					this.$descButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.turnOffDescriptions);
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$descButton.addClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.turnOnDescriptions);
+					this.$descButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.turnOnDescriptions);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'captions' || context == 'init'){
+
+			if (this.$ccButton) {
+
+				captionsCount = this.captions.length;
+
+				// Button has a different title depending on the number of captions.
+				// If only one caption track, this is "Show captions" and "Hide captions"
+				// Otherwise, it is just always "Captions"
+				if (!this.captionsOn) {
+					this.$ccButton.addClass('buttonOff');
+					if (captionsCount === 1) {
+						this.$ccButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.showCaptions);
+						this.$ccButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.showCaptions);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$ccButton.removeClass('buttonOff');
+					if (captionsCount === 1) {
+						this.$ccButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.hideCaptions);
+						this.$ccButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.hideCaptions);
+					}
+				}
+
+				if (captionsCount > 1) {
+					this.$ccButton.attr({
+						'aria-label': this.tt.captions,
+						'aria-haspopup': 'true',
+						'aria-controls': this.mediaId + '-captions-menu',
+						'aria-expanded': 'false'
+					});
+					this.$ccButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.captions);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'fullscreen' || context == 'init'){
+
+			if (this.$fullscreenButton) {
+				if (!this.fullscreen) {
+					this.$fullscreenButton.attr('aria-label', this.tt.enterFullScreen);
+					if (this.iconType === 'font') {
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-fullscreen-collapse').addClass('icon-fullscreen-expand');
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.enterFullScreen);
+					}
+					else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
+						newSvgData = this.getSvgData('fullscreen-expand');
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
+					}
+					else {
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('img').attr('src',this.fullscreenExpandButtonImg);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$fullscreenButton.attr('aria-label',this.tt.exitFullScreen);
+					if (this.iconType === 'font') {
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-fullscreen-expand').addClass('icon-fullscreen-collapse');
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.exitFullScreen);
+					}
+					else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
+						newSvgData = this.getSvgData('fullscreen-collapse');
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
+					}
+					else {
+						this.$fullscreenButton.find('img').attr('src',this.fullscreenCollapseButtonImg);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'playpause' || context == 'init'){
+			if (typeof this.$bigPlayButton !== 'undefined' && typeof this.seekBar !== 'undefined') {
+				// Choose show/hide for big play button and adjust position.
+				if (this.paused && !this.seekBar.tracking) {
+					if (!this.hideBigPlayButton) {
+						this.$bigPlayButton.show();
+					}
+					if (this.fullscreen) {
+						this.$bigPlayButton.width($(window).width());
+						this.$bigPlayButton.height($(window).height());
+					}
+					else {
+						this.$bigPlayButton.width(this.$mediaContainer.width());
+						this.$bigPlayButton.height(this.$mediaContainer.height());
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$bigPlayButton.hide();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'transcript' || context == 'init'){
+
+			if (this.transcriptType) {
+				// Sync checkbox and autoScrollTranscript with user preference
+				if (this.prefAutoScrollTranscript === 1) {
+					this.autoScrollTranscript = true;
+					this.$autoScrollTranscriptCheckbox.prop('checked',true);
+				}
+				else {
+					this.autoScrollTranscript = false;
+					this.$autoScrollTranscriptCheckbox.prop('checked',false);
+				}
+
+				// If transcript locked, scroll transcript to current highlight location.
+				if (this.autoScrollTranscript && this.currentHighlight) {
+					newTop = Math.floor($('.able-transcript').scrollTop() +
+						$(this.currentHighlight).position().top -
+						($('.able-transcript').height() / 2) +
+						($(this.currentHighlight).height() / 2));
+					if (newTop !== Math.floor($('.able-transcript').scrollTop())) {
+						// Set a flag to ignore the coming scroll event.
+						// there's no other way I know of to differentiate programmatic and user-initiated scroll events.
+						this.scrollingTranscript = true;
+						$('.able-transcript').scrollTop(newTop);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'init') {
+
+			if (this.$chaptersButton) {
+				this.$chaptersButton.attr({
+					'aria-label': this.tt.chapters,
+					'aria-haspopup': 'true',
+					'aria-controls': this.mediaId + '-chapters-menu',
+					'aria-expanded': 'false'
+				});
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (context === 'timeline' || context === 'playpause' || context === 'init') {
+
+			// update status
+			textByState = {
+				'stopped': this.tt.statusStopped,
+				'paused': this.tt.statusPaused,
+				'playing': this.tt.statusPlaying,
+				'buffering': this.tt.statusBuffering,
+				'ended': this.tt.statusEnd
+			};
+
+			if (this.stoppingYouTube) {
+				// stoppingYouTube is true temporarily while video is paused and seeking to 0
+				// See notes in handleRestart()
+				// this.stoppingYouTube will be reset when seek to 0 is finished (in event.js > onMediaUpdateTime())
+				if (this.$status.text() !== this.tt.statusStopped) {
+					this.$status.text(this.tt.statusStopped);
+				}
+				if (this.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().hasClass('icon-pause')) {
+					if (this.iconType === 'font') {
+						this.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-pause').addClass('icon-play');
+						this.$playpauseButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.play);
+					}
+					else if (this.iconType === 'svg') {
+						newSvgData = this.getSvgData('play');
+						this.$playpauseButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
+						this.$playpauseButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
+					}
+					else {
+						this.$playpauseButton.find('img').attr('src',this.playButtonImg);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if (typeof this.$status !== 'undefined' && typeof this.seekBar !== 'undefined') {
+					// Update the text only if it's changed since it has role="alert";
+					// also don't update while tracking, since this may Pause/Play the player but we don't want to send a Pause/Play update.
+					this.getPlayerState().then(function(currentState) {
+						if (thisObj.$status.text() !== textByState[currentState] && !thisObj.seekBar.tracking) {
+							// Debounce updates; only update after status has stayed steadily different for 250ms.
+							timestamp = (new Date()).getTime();
+							if (!thisObj.statusDebounceStart) {
+								thisObj.statusDebounceStart = timestamp;
+								// Make sure refreshControls gets called again at the appropriate time to check.
+								thisObj.statusTimeout = setTimeout(function () {
+									thisObj.refreshControls(context);
+								}, 300);
+							}
+							else if ((timestamp - thisObj.statusDebounceStart) > 250) {
+								thisObj.$status.text(textByState[currentState]);
+								thisObj.statusDebounceStart = null;
+								clearTimeout(thisObj.statusTimeout);
+								thisObj.statusTimeout = null;
+							}
+						}
+						else {
+							thisObj.statusDebounceStart = null;
+							clearTimeout(thisObj.statusTimeout);
+							thisObj.statusTimeout = null;
+						}
+
+						// Don't change play/pause button display while using the seek bar (or if YouTube stopped)
+						if (!thisObj.seekBar.tracking && !thisObj.stoppingYouTube) {
+							if (currentState === 'paused' || currentState === 'stopped') {
+								thisObj.$playpauseButton.attr('aria-label',thisObj.tt.play);
+
+								if (thisObj.iconType === 'font') {
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-pause').addClass('icon-play');
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(thisObj.tt.play);
+								}
+								else if (thisObj.iconType === 'svg') {
+									newSvgData = thisObj.getSvgData('play');
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
+								}
+								else {
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('img').attr('src',thisObj.playButtonImg);
+								}
+							}
+							else {
+								thisObj.$playpauseButton.attr('aria-label',thisObj.tt.pause);
+
+								if (thisObj.iconType === 'font') {
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('span').first().removeClass('icon-play').addClass('icon-pause');
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(thisObj.tt.pause);
+								}
+								else if (thisObj.iconType === 'svg') {
+									newSvgData = thisObj.getSvgData('pause');
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('svg').attr('viewBox',newSvgData[0]);
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('path').attr('d',newSvgData[1]);
+								}
+								else {
+									thisObj.$playpauseButton.find('img').attr('src',thisObj.pauseButtonImg);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					});
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Show/hide status bar content conditionally
+		if (!this.fullscreen) {
+			statusBarWidthBreakpoint = 300;
+			statusBarHeight = this.$statusBarDiv.height();
+			speedHeight = this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').height();
+			if (speedHeight > (statusBarHeight + 5)) {
+				// speed bar is wrapping (happens often in German player)
+				this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').hide();
+				this.hidingSpeed = true;
+			}
+			else {
+				if (this.hidingSpeed) {
+					this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').show();
+					this.hidingSpeed = false;
+				}
+				if (this.$statusBarDiv.width() < statusBarWidthBreakpoint) {
+					// Player is too small for a speed span
+					this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').hide();
+					this.hidingSpeed = true;
+				}
+				else {
+					if (this.hidingSpeed) {
+						this.$statusBarDiv.find('span.able-speed').show();
+						this.hidingSpeed = false;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getHiddenWidth = function($el) {
+
+		// jQuery returns for width() if element is hidden
+		// this function is a workaround
+
+		// save a reference to a cloned element that can be measured
+		var $hiddenElement = $el.clone().appendTo('body');
+
+		// calculate the width of the clone
+		var width = $hiddenElement.outerWidth();
+
+		// remove the clone from the DOM
+		$hiddenElement.remove();
+
+		return width;
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handlePlay = function(e) {
+
+		if (this.paused) {
+			this.playMedia();
+		}
+		else {
+			this.pauseMedia();
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleRestart = function() {
+
+		this.seekTo(0);
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleRewind = function() {
+
+		var targetTime;
+
+		targetTime = this.elapsed - this.seekInterval;
+		if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+			if (targetTime < this.currentChapter.start) {
+				targetTime = this.currentChapter.start;
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			if (targetTime < 0) {
+				targetTime = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		this.seekTo(targetTime);
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleFastForward = function() {
+
+		var targetTime, lastChapterIndex;
+
+		lastChapterIndex = this.chapters.length-1;
+		targetTime = this.elapsed + this.seekInterval;
+
+		if (this.useChapterTimes) {
+			if (this.chapters[lastChapterIndex] == this.currentChapter) {
+				// this is the last chapter
+				if (targetTime > this.duration || targetTime > this.currentChapter.end) {
+					// targetTime would exceed the end of the video (or chapter)
+					// scrub to end of whichever is earliest
+					targetTime = Math.min(this.duration, this.currentChapter.end);
+				}
+				else if (this.duration % targetTime < this.seekInterval) {
+					// nothing left but pocket change after seeking to targetTime
+					// go ahead and seek to end of video (or chapter), whichever is earliest
+					targetTime = Math.min(this.duration, this.currentChapter.end);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				// this is not the last chapter
+				if (targetTime > this.currentChapter.end) {
+					// targetTime would exceed the end of the chapter
+					// scrub exactly to end of chapter
+					targetTime = this.currentChapter.end;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			// not using chapter times
+			if (targetTime > this.duration) {
+				targetTime = this.duration;
+			}
+		}
+		this.seekTo(targetTime);
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleRateIncrease = function() {
+		this.changeRate(1);
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleRateDecrease = function() {
+		this.changeRate(-1);
+	};
+
+	// Increases or decreases playback rate, where dir is 1 or -1 indication direction.
+	AblePlayer.prototype.changeRate = function (dir) {
+
+		var rates, currentRate, index, newRate, vimeoMin, vimeoMax;
+
+		if (this.player === 'html5') {
+			this.setPlaybackRate(this.getPlaybackRate() + (0.25 * dir));
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'youtube') {
+			rates = this.youTubePlayer.getAvailablePlaybackRates();
+			currentRate = this.getPlaybackRate();
+			index = rates.indexOf(currentRate);
+			if (index === -1) {
+				console.log('ERROR: Youtube returning unknown playback rate ' + currentRate.toString());
+			}
+			else {
+				index += dir;
+				// Can only increase or decrease rate if there's another rate available.
+				if (index < rates.length && index >= 0) {
+					this.setPlaybackRate(rates[index]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else if (this.player === 'vimeo') {
+			// range is 0.5 to 2
+			// increase/decrease in inrements of 0.5
+			vimeoMin = 0.5;
+			vimeoMax = 2;
+			if (dir === 1) {
+				if (this.vimeoPlaybackRate + 0.5 <= vimeoMax) {
+					newRate = this.vimeoPlaybackRate + 0.5;
+				}
+				else {
+					newRate = vimeoMax;
+				}
+			}
+			else if (dir === -1) {
+				if (this.vimeoPlaybackRate - 0.5 >= vimeoMin) {
+					newRate = this.vimeoPlaybackRate - 0.5;
+				}
+				else {
+					newRate = vimeoMin;
+				}
+			}
+			this.setPlaybackRate(newRate);
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleCaptionToggle = function() {
+
+		var captions;
+		if (this.hidingPopup) {
+			// stopgap to prevent spacebar in Firefox from reopening popup
+			// immediately after closing it
+			this.hidingPopup = false;
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.captions.length) {
+			captions = this.captions;
+		}
+		else {
+			captions = [];
+		}
+		if (captions.length === 1) {
+			// When there's only one set of captions, just do an on/off toggle.
+			if (this.captionsOn === true) {
+				// turn them off
+				this.captionsOn = false;
+				this.prefCaptions = 0;
+				this.updateCookie('prefCaptions');
+				if (this.usingYouTubeCaptions) {
+					this.youTubePlayer.unloadModule(this.ytCaptionModule);
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$captionsWrapper.hide();
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				// captions are off. Turn them on.
+				this.captionsOn = true;
+				this.prefCaptions = 1;
+				this.updateCookie('prefCaptions');
+				if (this.usingYouTubeCaptions) {
+					if (typeof this.ytCaptionModule !== 'undefined') {
+						this.youTubePlayer.loadModule(this.ytCaptionModule);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					this.$captionsWrapper.show();
+				}
+				for (var i=0; i<captions.length; i++) {
+					if (captions[i].def === true) { // this is the default language
+						this.selectedCaptions = captions[i];
+					}
+				}
+				this.selectedCaptions = this.captions[0];
+				if (this.descriptions.length >= 0) {
+					this.selectedDescriptions = this.descriptions[0];
+				}
+			}
+			this.refreshControls('captions');
+		}
+		else {
+			// there is more than one caption track.
+			// clicking on a track is handled via caption.js > getCaptionClickFunction()
+			if (this.captionsPopup && this.captionsPopup.is(':visible')) {
+				this.captionsPopup.hide();
+				this.hidingPopup = false;
+				this.$ccButton.attr('aria-expanded','false').focus();
+			}
+			else {
+				this.closePopups();
+				if (this.captionsPopup) {
+					this.captionsPopup.show();
+					this.$ccButton.attr('aria-expanded','true');
+					this.captionsPopup.css('top', this.$ccButton.position().top - this.captionsPopup.outerHeight());
+					this.captionsPopup.css('left', this.$ccButton.position().left)
+					// Place focus on the first button (even if another button is checked)
+					this.captionsPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus');
+					this.captionsPopup.find('li').first().focus().addClass('able-focus');
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleChapters = function () {
+		if (this.hidingPopup) {
+			// stopgap to prevent spacebar in Firefox from reopening popup
+			// immediately after closing it
+			this.hidingPopup = false;
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.chaptersPopup.is(':visible')) {
+			this.chaptersPopup.hide();
+			this.hidingPopup = false;
+			this.$chaptersButton.attr('aria-expanded','false').focus();
+		}
+		else {
+			this.closePopups();
+			this.chaptersPopup.show();
+			this.$chaptersButton.attr('aria-expanded','true');
+			this.chaptersPopup.css('top', this.$chaptersButton.position().top - this.chaptersPopup.outerHeight());
+			this.chaptersPopup.css('left', this.$chaptersButton.position().left)
+
+			// Highlight the current chapter, if any chapters are checked
+			// Otherwise, place focus on the first chapter
+			this.chaptersPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus');
+			if (this.chaptersPopup.find('li[aria-checked="true"]').length) {
+				this.chaptersPopup.find('li[aria-checked="true"]').focus().addClass('able-focus');
+			}
+			else {
+				this.chaptersPopup.find('li').first().addClass('able-focus').attr('aria-checked','true').focus();
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleDescriptionToggle = function() {
+		this.descOn = !this.descOn;
+		this.prefDesc = + this.descOn; // convert boolean to integer
+		this.updateCookie('prefDesc');
+		this.refreshingDesc = true;
+		this.initDescription();
+		this.refreshControls('descriptions');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handlePrefsClick = function(pref) {
+		// NOTE: the prefs menu is positioned near the right edge of the player
+		// This assumes the Prefs button is also positioned in that vicinity
+		// (last or second-last button the right)
+
+		var prefsButtonPosition, prefsMenuRight, prefsMenuLeft;
+
+		if (this.hidingPopup) {
+			// stopgap to prevent spacebar in Firefox from reopening popup
+			// immediately after closing it
+			this.hidingPopup = false;
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (this.prefsPopup.is(':visible')) {
+			this.prefsPopup.hide();
+			this.hidingPopup = false;
+			this.$prefsButton.attr('aria-expanded','false').focus();
+			// restore each menu item to original hidden state
+			this.prefsPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus').attr('tabindex','-1');
+		}
+		else {
+			this.closePopups();
+			this.prefsPopup.show();
+			this.$prefsButton.attr('aria-expanded','true');
+			prefsButtonPosition = this.$prefsButton.position();
+			prefsMenuRight = this.$ableDiv.width() - 5;
+			prefsMenuLeft = prefsMenuRight - this.prefsPopup.width();
+			this.prefsPopup.css('top', prefsButtonPosition.top - this.prefsPopup.outerHeight());
+			this.prefsPopup.css('left', prefsMenuLeft);
+			// remove prior focus and set focus on first item; also change tabindex from -1 to 0
+			this.prefsPopup.find('li').removeClass('able-focus').attr('tabindex','0');
+			this.prefsPopup.find('li').first().focus().addClass('able-focus');
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleHelpClick = function() {
+		this.setFullscreen(false);
+		this.helpDialog.show();
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleTranscriptToggle = function () {
+		if (this.$transcriptDiv.is(':visible')) {
+			this.$transcriptArea.hide();
+			this.$transcriptButton.addClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.showTranscript);
+			this.$transcriptButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.showTranscript);
+			this.prefTranscript = 0;
+			this.$transcriptButton.focus().addClass('able-focus');
+		}
+		else {
+			this.positionDraggableWindow('transcript');
+			this.$transcriptArea.show();
+			this.$transcriptButton.removeClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.hideTranscript);
+			this.$transcriptButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.hideTranscript);
+			this.prefTranscript = 1;
+		}
+		this.updateCookie('prefTranscript');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleSignToggle = function () {
+		if (this.$signWindow.is(':visible')) {
+			this.$signWindow.hide();
+			this.$signButton.addClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.showSign);
+			this.$signButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.showSign);
+			this.prefSign = 0;
+			this.$signButton.focus().addClass('able-focus');
+		}
+		else {
+			this.positionDraggableWindow('sign');
+			this.$signWindow.show();
+			this.$signButton.removeClass('buttonOff').attr('aria-label',this.tt.hideSign);
+			this.$signButton.find('span.able-clipped').text(this.tt.hideSign);
+			this.prefSign = 1;
+		}
+		this.updateCookie('prefSign');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.isFullscreen = function () {
+
+		// NOTE: This has been largely replaced as of 3.2.5 with a Boolean this.fullscreen,
+		// which is defined in setFullscreen()
+		// This function returns true if *any* element is fullscreen
+		// but doesn't tell us whether a particular element is in fullscreen
+		// (e.g., if there are multiple players on the page)
+		// The Boolean this.fullscreen is defined separately for each player instance
+
+		if (this.nativeFullscreenSupported()) {
+			return (document.fullscreenElement ||
+							document.webkitFullscreenElement ||
+							document.webkitCurrentFullScreenElement ||
+							document.mozFullScreenElement ||
+							document.msFullscreenElement) ? true : false;
+		}
+		else {
+			return this.modalFullscreenActive ? true : false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.setFullscreen = function (fullscreen) {
+
+		if (this.fullscreen == fullscreen) {
+			// replace isFullscreen() with a Boolean. see function for explanation
+			return;
+		}
+		var thisObj = this;
+		var $el = this.$ableWrapper;
+		var el = $el[0];
+
+		if (this.nativeFullscreenSupported()) {
+			// Note: many varying names for options for browser compatibility.
+			if (fullscreen) {
+				// Initialize fullscreen
+
+				// But first, capture current settings so they can be restored later
+				this.preFullScreenWidth = this.$ableWrapper.width();
+				this.preFullScreenHeight = this.$ableWrapper.height();
+
+				if (el.requestFullscreen) {
+					el.requestFullscreen();
+				}
+				else if (el.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
+					el.webkitRequestFullscreen();
+				}
+				else if (el.mozRequestFullScreen) {
+					el.mozRequestFullScreen();
+				}
+				else if (el.msRequestFullscreen) {
+					el.msRequestFullscreen();
+				}
+				this.fullscreen = true;
+			}
+			else {
+				// Exit fullscreen
+				if (document.exitFullscreen) {
+					document.exitFullscreen();
+				}
+				else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
+					document.webkitExitFullscreen();
+				}
+				else if (document.webkitCancelFullScreen) {
+					document.webkitCancelFullScreen();
+				}
+				else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
+					document.mozCancelFullScreen();
+				}
+				else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
+					document.msExitFullscreen();
+				}
+				this.fullscreen = false;
+			}
+			// add event handlers for changes in full screen mode
+			// currently most changes are made in response to windowResize event
+			// However, that alone is not resulting in a properly restored player size in Opera Mac
+			// More on the Opera Mac bug: https://github.com/ableplayer/ableplayer/issues/162
+			// this fullscreen event handler added specifically for Opera Mac,
+			// but includes event listeners for all browsers in case its functionality could be expanded
+			// Added functionality in 2.3.45 for handling YouTube return from fullscreen as well
+			$(document).on('webkitfullscreenchange mozfullscreenchange fullscreenchange MSFullscreenChange', function(e) {
+				// NOTE: e.type = the specific event that fired (in case needing to control for browser-specific idiosyncrasies)
+				if (!thisObj.fullscreen) {
+					// user has just exited full screen
+					thisObj.restoringAfterFullScreen = true;
+					thisObj.resizePlayer(thisObj.preFullScreenWidth,thisObj.preFullScreenHeight);
+				}
+				else if (!thisObj.clickedFullscreenButton) {
+					// user triggered fullscreenchange without clicking (or pressing) fullscreen button
+					// this is only possible if they pressed Escape to exit fullscreen mode
+					thisObj.fullscreen = false;
+					thisObj.restoringAfterFullScreen = true;
+					thisObj.resizePlayer(thisObj.preFullScreenWidth,thisObj.preFullScreenHeight);
+				}
+				// NOTE: The fullscreenchange (or browser-equivalent) event is triggered twice
+				// when exiting fullscreen via the "Exit fullscreen" button (only once if using Escape)
+				// Not sure why, but consequently we need to be sure thisObj.clickedFullScreenButton
+				// continues to be true through both events
+				// Could use a counter variable to control that (reset to false after the 2nd trigger)
+				// However, since I don't know why it's happening, and whether it's 100% reliable
+				// resetting clickedFullScreenButton after a timeout seems to be better approach
+				setTimeout(function() {
+					thisObj.clickedFullscreenButton = false;
+				},1000);
+			});
+		}
+		else {
+			// Non-native fullscreen support through modal dialog.
+			// Create dialog on first run through.
+			if (!this.fullscreenDialog) {
+				var $dialogDiv = $('<div>');
+				// create a hidden alert, communicated to screen readers via aria-describedby
+				var $fsDialogAlert = $('<p>',{
+					'class': 'able-screenreader-alert'
+				}).text(this.tt.fullscreen); // In English: "Full screen"; TODO: Add alert text that is more descriptive
+				$dialogDiv.append($fsDialogAlert);
+				// now render this as a dialog
+				this.fullscreenDialog = new AccessibleDialog($dialogDiv, this.$fullscreenButton, 'dialog', 'Fullscreen video player', $fsDialogAlert, this.tt.exitFullScreen, '100%', true, function () { thisObj.handleFullscreenToggle() });
+				$('body').append($dialogDiv);
+			}
+
+			// Track whether paused/playing before moving element; moving the element can stop playback.
+			var wasPaused = this.paused;
+
+			if (fullscreen) {
+				this.modalFullscreenActive = true;
+				this.fullscreenDialog.show();
+
+				// Move player element into fullscreen dialog, then show.
+				// Put a placeholder element where player was.
+				this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder = $('<div class="placeholder">');
+				this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder.insertAfter($el);
+				$el.appendTo(this.fullscreenDialog.modal);
+
+				// Column left css is 50% by default; set to 100% for full screen.
+				if ($el === this.$ableColumnLeft) {
+					$el.width('100%');
+				}
+				var newHeight = $(window).height() - this.$playerDiv.height();
+				if (!this.$descDiv.is(':hidden')) {
+					newHeight -= this.$descDiv.height();
+				}
+				this.resizePlayer($(window).width(), newHeight);
+			}
+			else {
+				this.modalFullscreenActive = false;
+				if ($el === this.$ableColumnLeft) {
+					$el.width('50%');
+				}
+				$el.insertAfter(this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder);
+				this.$modalFullscreenPlaceholder.remove();
+				this.fullscreenDialog.hide();
+				this.resizePlayer(this.$ableWrapper.width(), this.$ableWrapper.height());
+			}
+
+			// Resume playback if moving stopped it.
+			if (!wasPaused && this.paused) {
+				this.playMedia();
+			}
+		}
+		this.refreshControls('fullscreen');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleFullscreenToggle = function () {
+
+		var stillPaused = this.paused;
+		this.setFullscreen(!this.fullscreen);
+		if (stillPaused) {
+			this.pauseMedia(); // when toggling fullscreen and media is just paused, keep media paused.
+		}
+		else if (!stillPaused) {
+			this.playMedia(); // when toggling fullscreen and media is playing, continue playing.
+		}
+		// automatically hide controller in fullscreen mode
+		// then reset back to original setting after exiting fullscreen mode
+		if (this.fullscreen) {
+			this.hideControls = true;
+			if (this.playing) {
+				// go ahead and hide the controls
+				this.fadeControls('out');
+				this.controlsHidden = true;
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			// exit fullscreen mode
+			this.hideControls = this.hideControlsOriginal;
+			if (!this.hideControls) { // do not hide controls
+				if (this.controlsHidden) {
+					this.fadeControls('in');
+					this.controlsHidden = false;
+				}
+				// if there's an active timeout to fade controls out again, clear it
+				if (this.hideControlsTimeoutStatus === 'active') {
+					window.clearTimeout(this.hideControlsTimeout);
+					this.hideControlsTimeoutStatus = 'clear';
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.handleTranscriptLockToggle = function (val) {
+
+		this.autoScrollTranscript = val; // val is boolean
+		this.prefAutoScrollTranscript = +val; // convert boolean to numeric 1 or 0 for cookie
+		this.updateCookie('prefAutoScrollTranscript');
+		this.refreshControls('transcript');
+	};
+
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.showTooltip = function($tooltip) {
+
+		if (($tooltip).is(':animated')) {
+			$tooltip.stop(true,true).show().delay(4000).fadeOut(1000);
+		}
+		else {
+			$tooltip.stop().show().delay(4000).fadeOut(1000);
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.showAlert = function( msg, location ) {
+
+		// location is either of the following:
+		// 'main' (default)
+		// 'screenreader (visibly hidden)
+		// 'sign' (sign language window)
+		// 'transcript' (trasncript window)
+		var thisObj, $alertBox, $parentWindow, alertLeft, alertTop;
+
+		thisObj = this;
+
+		if (location === 'transcript') {
+			$alertBox = this.$transcriptAlert;
+			$parentWindow = this.$transcriptArea;
+		}
+		else if (location === 'sign') {
+			$alertBox = this.$signAlert;
+			$parentWindow = this.$signWindow;
+		}
+		else if (location === 'screenreader') {
+			$alertBox = this.$srAlertBox;
+		}
+		else {
+			$alertBox = this.$alertBox;
+		}
+		$alertBox.text(msg).show();
+		if (location == 'transcript' || location === 'sign') {
+			if ($parentWindow.width() > $alertBox.width()) {
+				alertLeft = $parentWindow.width() / 2 - $alertBox.width() / 2;
+			}
+			else {
+				// alert box is wider than its container. Position it far left and let it wrap
+				alertLeft = 10;
+			}
+			if (location === 'sign') {
+				// position alert in the lower third of the sign window (to avoid covering the signer)
+				alertTop = ($parentWindow.height() / 3) * 2;
+			}
+			else if (location === 'transcript') {
+				// position alert just beneath the toolbar to avoid getting lost among transcript text
+				alertTop = this.$transcriptToolbar.height() + 30;
+			}
+			$alertBox.css({
+				top: alertTop + 'px',
+				left: alertLeft + 'px'
+			});
+		}
+		else if (location !== 'screenreader') {
+			// The original formula incorporated offset() into the calculation
+			// but at some point this began resulting in an alert that's off-centered
+			// Changed in v2.2.17, but here's the original for reference in case needed:
+			// left: this.$playerDiv.offset().left + (this.$playerDiv.width() / 2) - ($alertBox.width() / 2)
+			$alertBox.css({
+				left: (this.$playerDiv.width() / 2) - ($alertBox.width() / 2)
+			});
+		}
+		if (location !== 'screenreader') {
+			setTimeout(function () {
+				$alertBox.fadeOut(300);
+			}, 3000);
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.showedAlert = function (which) {
+
+		// returns true if the target alert has already been shown
+		// useful for throttling alerts that only need to be shown once
+		// e.g., move alerts with instructions for dragging a window
+
+		if (which === 'transcript') {
+			if (this.showedTranscriptAlert) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			else {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (which === 'sign') {
+			if (this.showedSignAlert) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			else {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Resizes all relevant player attributes.
+	AblePlayer.prototype.resizePlayer = function (width, height) {
+
+		var captionSizeOkMin, captionSizeOkMax, captionSize, newCaptionSize, newLineHeight;
+
+		if (this.fullscreen) { // replace isFullscreen() with a Boolean. see function for explanation
+			if (typeof this.$vidcapContainer !== 'undefined') {
+				this.$ableWrapper.css({
+					'width': width + 'px',
+					'max-width': ''
+				})
+				this.$vidcapContainer.css({
+					'height': height + 'px',
+					'width': width
+				});
+				this.$media.css({
+					'height': height + 'px',
+					'width': width
+				})
+			}
+			if (typeof this.$transcriptArea !== 'undefined') {
+				this.retrieveOffscreenWindow('transcript',width,height);
+			}
+			if (typeof this.$signWindow !== 'undefined') {
+				this.retrieveOffscreenWindow('sign',width,height);
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			// player resized
+			if (this.restoringAfterFullScreen) {
+				// User has just exited fullscreen mode. Restore to previous settings
+				width = this.preFullScreenWidth;
+				height = this.preFullScreenHeight;
+				this.restoringAfterFullScreen = false;
+				this.$ableWrapper.css({
+					'max-width': width + 'px',
+					'width': ''
+				});
+				if (typeof this.$vidcapContainer !== 'undefined') {
+					this.$vidcapContainer.css({
+						'height': '',
+						'width': ''
+					});
+				}
+				this.$media.css({
+					'width': '100%',
+					'height': 'auto'
+				});
+			}
+		}
+
+		// resize YouTube
+		if (this.player === 'youtube' && this.youTubePlayer) {
+			this.youTubePlayer.setSize(width, height);
+		}
+
+		// Resize captions
+		if (typeof this.$captionsDiv !== 'undefined') {
+
+			// Font-size is too small in full screen view & too large in small-width view
+			// The following vars define a somewhat arbitary zone outside of which
+			// caption size requires adjustment
+			captionSizeOkMin = 400;
+			captionSizeOkMax = 1000;
+			captionSize = parseInt(this.prefCaptionsSize,10);
+
+			// TODO: Need a better formula so that it scales proportionally to viewport
+			if (width > captionSizeOkMax) {
+				newCaptionSize = captionSize * 1.5;
+			}
+			else if (width < captionSizeOkMin) {
+				newCaptionSize = captionSize / 1.5;
+			}
+			else {
+				newCaptionSize = captionSize;
+			}
+			newLineHeight = newCaptionSize + 25;
+			this.$captionsDiv.css('font-size',newCaptionSize + '%');
+			this.$captionsWrapper.css('line-height',newLineHeight + '%');
+		}
+		this.refreshControls('captions');
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.retrieveOffscreenWindow = function( which, width, height ) {
+
+		// check to be sure popup windows ('transcript' or 'sign') are positioned on-screen
+		// (they sometimes disappear off-screen when entering fullscreen mode)
+		// if off-screen, recalculate so they are back on screen
+
+		var window, windowPos, windowTop, windowLeft, windowRight, windowWidth, windowBottom, windowHeight;
+
+		if (which == 'transcript') {
+			window = this.$transcriptArea;
+		}
+		else if (which == 'sign') {
+			window = this.$signWindow;
+		}
+		windowWidth = window.width();
+		windowHeight = window.height();
+		windowPos = window.position();
+		windowTop = windowPos.top;
+		windowLeft = windowPos.left;
+		windowRight = windowLeft + windowWidth;
+		windowBottom = windowTop + windowHeight;
+
+		if (windowTop < 0) { // off-screen to the top
+			windowTop = 10;
+			window.css('top',windowTop);
+		}
+		if (windowLeft < 0) { // off-screen to the left
+			windowLeft = 10;
+			window.css('left',windowLeft);
+		}
+		if (windowRight > width) { // off-screen to the right
+			windowLeft = (width - 20) - windowWidth;
+			window.css('left',windowLeft);
+		}
+		if (windowBottom > height) { // off-screen to the bottom
+			windowTop = (height - 10) - windowHeight;
+			window.css('top',windowTop);
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.getHighestZIndex = function() {
+
+		// returns the highest z-index on page
+		// used to ensure dialogs (or potentially other windows) are on top
+
+		var max, $elements, z;
+		max = 0;
+
+		// exclude the Able Player dialogs and windows
+		$elements = $('body *').not('.able-modal-dialog,.able-modal-dialog *,.able-modal-overlay,.able-modal-overlay *,.able-sign-window,.able-transcript-area');
+
+		$elements.each(function(){
+			z = $(this).css('z-index');
+			if (Number.isInteger(+z)) { // work only with integer values, not 'auto'
+				if (parseInt(z) > max) {
+					max = parseInt(z);
+				}
+			}
+		});
+		return max;
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.updateZIndex = function(which) {
+
+		// update z-index of 'transcript' or 'sign', relative to each other
+		// direction is always 'up' (i.e., move window to top)
+		// windows come to the top when the user clicks on them
+		var defHighZ, defLowZ, highestZ, transcriptZ, signZ, newHighZ, newLowZ;
+
+		// set the default z-indexes, as defined in ableplayer.css
+		defHighZ = 8000; // by default, assigned to the sign window
+		defLowZ = 7000; // by default, assigned to the transcript area
+		highestZ = this.getHighestZIndex(); // highest z-index on the page, excluding Able Player windows & modals
+
+		// NOTE: Although highestZ is collected here, it currently isn't used.
+		// If something on the page has a higher z-index than the transcript or sign window, do we care?
+		// Excluding it here assumes "No". Our immediate concern is with the relationship between our own components.
+		// If we elevate our z-indexes so our content is on top, we run the risk of starting a z-index war.
+
+		if (typeof this.$transcriptArea === 'undefined' || typeof this.$signWindow === 'undefined' ) {
+			// at least one of the windows doesn't exist, so there's no conflict
+			// since z-index may have been stored to a cookie on another page, need to restore default
+			if (typeof this.$transcriptArea !== 'undefined') {
+				transcriptZ = parseInt(this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index'));
+				if (transcriptZ > defLowZ) {
+					// restore to the default
+					this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index',defLowZ);
+				}
+			}
+			else if (typeof this.$signWindow !== 'undefined') {
+				signZ = parseInt(this.$signWindow.css('z-index'));
+				if (signZ > defHighZ) {
+					// restore to the default
+					this.$signWindow.css('z-index',defHighZ);
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// both windows exist
+
+		// get current values
+		transcriptZ = parseInt(this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index'));
+		signZ = parseInt(this.$signWindow.css('z-index'));
+
+		if (transcriptZ === signZ) {
+			// the two windows are equal; restore defaults (the target window will be on top)
+			newHighZ = defHighZ;
+			newLowZ = defLowZ;
+		}
+		else if (transcriptZ > signZ) {
+			if (which === 'transcript') {
+				// transcript is already on top; nothing to do
+				return false;
+			}
+			else {
+				// swap z's
+				newHighZ = transcriptZ;
+				newLowZ = signZ;
+			}
+		}
+		else { // signZ is greater
+			if (which === 'sign') {
+				// sign is already on top; nothing to do
+				return false;
+			}
+			else {
+				newHighZ = signZ;
+				newLowZ = transcriptZ;
+			}
+		}
+		// now assign the new values
+		if (which === 'transcript') {
+			this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index',newHighZ);
+			this.$signWindow.css('z-index',newLowZ);
+		}
+		else if (which === 'sign') {
+			this.$signWindow.css('z-index',newHighZ);
+			this.$transcriptArea.css('z-index',newLowZ);
+		}
+	};
+
+	AblePlayer.prototype.syncTrackLanguages = function (source, language) {
+
+		// this function is called when the player is built (source == 'init')
+		// and again when user changes the language of either 'captions' or 'transcript'
+		// It syncs the languages of chapters, descriptions, and metadata tracks
+		// NOTE: Caption and transcript languages are somewhat independent from one another
+		// If a user changes the caption language, the transcript follows
+		// However, if a user changes the transcript language, this only affects the transcript
+		// This was a group decision based on the belief that users may want a transcript
+		// that is in a different language than the captions
+
+		var i, captions, descriptions, chapters, meta;
+
+		// Captions
+		for (i = 0; i < this.captions.length; i++) {
+			if (this.captions[i].language === language) {
+				captions = this.captions[i];
+			}
+		}
+		// Chapters
+		for (i = 0; i < this.chapters.length; i++) {
+			if (this.chapters[i].language === language) {
+				chapters = this.chapters[i];
+			}
+		}
+		// Descriptions
+		for (i = 0; i < this.descriptions.length; i++) {
+			if (this.descriptions[i].language === language) {
+				descriptions = this.descriptions[i];
+			}
+		}
+		// Metadata
+		for (i = 0; i < this.meta.length; i++) {
+			if (this.meta[i].language === language) {
+				meta = this.meta[i];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// regardless of source...
+		this.transcriptLang = language;
+
+		if (source === 'init' || source === 'captions') {
+			this.captionLang = language;
+			this.selectedCaptions = captions;
+			this.selectedChapters = chapters;
+			this.selectedDescriptions = descriptions;
+			this.selectedMeta = meta;
+			this.transcriptCaptions = captions;
+			this.transcriptChapters = chapters;
+			this.transcriptDescriptions = descriptions;
+			this.updateChaptersList();
+			// the following was commented out in Oct/Nov 2018.
+			// chapters popup is setup automatically when setupPopups() is called later with no param
+			// not sure why it was included here.
+			// this.setupPopups('chapters');
+		}
+		else if (source === 'transcript') {
+			this.transcriptCaptions = captions;
+			this.transcriptChapters = chapters;
+			this.transcriptDescriptions = descriptions;
+		}
+		this.updateTranscript();
+	};
 
 })(jQuery);