viking-sequel 3.10.0

data/lib/sequel/core_sql.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# Sequel extends the Array class to add methods to implement the SQL DSL.
+# Most of these methods require that the array not be empty and that it
+# must consist solely of other arrays that have exactly two elements.
+class Array
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this array, not matching all of the
+  # conditions.
+  #
+  #   ~[[:a, true]] # SQL: a IS NOT TRUE
+  #   ~[[:a, 1], [:b, [2, 3]]] # SQL: a != 1 OR b NOT IN (2, 3)
+  def ~
+    sql_expr_if_all_two_pairs(:OR, true)
+  end
+
+  # True if the array is not empty and all of its elements are
+  # arrays of size 2, false otherwise.  This is used to determine if the array
+  # could be a specifier of conditions, used similarly to a hash
+  # but allowing for duplicate keys and a specific order.
+  #
+  #    [].to_a.all_two_pairs? # => false
+  #    [:a].to_a.all_two_pairs? # => false
+  #    [[:b]].to_a.all_two_pairs? # => false
+  #    [[:a, 1]].to_a.all_two_pairs? # => true
+  def all_two_pairs?
+    !empty? && all?{|i| (Array === i) && (i.length == 2)}
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::CaseExpression with this array as the conditions and the given
+  # default value and expression.
+  #
+  #   [[{:a=>[2,3]}, 1]].case(0) # SQL: CASE WHEN a IN (2, 3) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
+  #   [[:a, 1], [:b, 2]].case(:d, :c) # SQL: CASE c WHEN a THEN 1 WHEN b THEN 2 ELSE d END
+  def case(default, expression = nil)
+    ::Sequel::SQL::CaseExpression.new(self, default, expression)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::Array created from this array.  Used if this array contains
+  # all two pairs and you want it treated as an SQL array instead of a ordered hash-like
+  # conditions.
+  #
+  #   [[1, 2], [3, 4]] # SQL: 1 = 2 AND 3 = 4
+  #   [[1, 2], [3, 4]].sql_array # SQL: ((1, 2), (3, 4))
+  def sql_array
+    ::Sequel::SQL::SQLArray.new(self)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this array, matching all of the
+  # conditions.  Rarely do you need to call this explicitly, as Sequel generally
+  # assumes that arrays of all two pairs specify this type of condition.
+  #
+  #   [[:a, true]].sql_expr # SQL: a IS TRUE
+  #   [[:a, 1], [:b, [2, 3]]].sql_expr # SQL: a = 1 AND b IN (2, 3)
+  def sql_expr
+    sql_expr_if_all_two_pairs
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this array, matching none
+  # of the conditions.
+  #
+  #   [[:a, true]].sql_negate # SQL: a IS NOT TRUE
+  #   [[:a, 1], [:b, [2, 3]]].sql_negate # SQL: a != 1 AND b NOT IN (2, 3)
+  def sql_negate
+    sql_expr_if_all_two_pairs(:AND, true)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this array, matching any of the
+  # conditions.
+  #
+  #   [[:a, true]].sql_or # SQL: a IS TRUE
+  #   [[:a, 1], [:b, [2, 3]]].sql_or # SQL: a = 1 OR b IN (2, 3)
+  def sql_or
+    sql_expr_if_all_two_pairs(:OR)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression representing an SQL string made up of the
+  # concatenation of this array's elements.  If an argument is passed
+  # it is used in between each element of the array in the SQL
+  # concatenation.  This does not require that the array be made up of all two pairs.
+  #
+  #   [:a].sql_string_join # SQL: a
+  #   [:a, :b].sql_string_join # SQL: a || b
+  #   [:a, 'b'].sql_string_join # SQL: a || 'b'
+  #   ['a', :b].sql_string_join(' ') # SQL: 'a' || ' ' || b
+  def sql_string_join(joiner=nil)
+    if joiner
+      args = zip([joiner]*length).flatten
+      args.pop
+    else
+      args = self
+    end
+    args = args.collect{|a| [Symbol, ::Sequel::SQL::Expression, ::Sequel::LiteralString, TrueClass, FalseClass, NilClass].any?{|c| a.is_a?(c)} ? a : a.to_s}
+    ::Sequel::SQL::StringExpression.new(:'||', *args)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Raise an error if this array is not made up of all two pairs, otherwise create a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression from this array.
+  def sql_expr_if_all_two_pairs(*args)
+    raise(Sequel::Error, 'Not all elements of the array are arrays of size 2, so it cannot be converted to an SQL expression') unless all_two_pairs?
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(self, *args)
+  end
+end
+
+# Sequel extends the Hash class to add methods to implement the SQL DSL.
+class Hash
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this hash, matching
+  # all of the conditions in this hash and the condition specified by
+  # the given argument.
+  #
+  #   {:a=>1} & :b # SQL: a = 1 AND b
+  #   {:a=>true} & ~:b # SQL: a IS TRUE AND NOT b
+  def &(ce)
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:AND, self, ce)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this hash, matching
+  # all of the conditions in this hash or the condition specified by
+  # the given argument.
+  #
+  #   {:a=>1} | :b # SQL: a = 1 OR b
+  #   {:a=>true} | ~:b # SQL: a IS TRUE OR NOT b
+  def |(ce)
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:OR, self, ce)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this hash, not matching all of the
+  # conditions.
+  #
+  #   ~{:a=>true} # SQL: a IS NOT TRUE
+  #   ~{:a=>1, :b=>[2, 3]} # SQL: a != 1 OR b NOT IN (2, 3)
+  def ~
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(self, :OR, true)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::CaseExpression with this hash as the conditions and the given
+  # default value.  Note that the order of the conditions will be arbitrary, so all
+  # conditions should be orthogonal.
+  #
+  #   {{:a=>[2,3]}=>1}.case(0) # SQL: CASE WHEN a IN (2, 3) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
+  #   {:a=>1, {:b=>2}].case(:d, :c) # SQL: CASE c WHEN a THEN 1 WHEN b THEN 2 ELSE d END
+  #                                 #  or: CASE c WHEN b THEN 2 WHEN a THEN 1 ELSE d END
+  def case(default, expression = nil)
+    ::Sequel::SQL::CaseExpression.new(to_a, default, expression)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this hash, matching all of the
+  # conditions.  Rarely do you need to call this explicitly, as Sequel generally
+  # assumes that hashes specify this type of condition.
+  #
+  #   {:a=>true}.sql_expr # SQL: a IS TRUE
+  #   {:a=>1, :b=>[2, 3]}.sql_expr # SQL: a = 1 AND b IN (2, 3)
+  def sql_expr
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(self)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this hash, matching none
+  # of the conditions.
+  #
+  #   {:a=>true}.sql_negate # SQL: a IS NOT TRUE
+  #   {:a=>1, :b=>[2, 3]}.sql_negate # SQL: a != 1 AND b NOT IN (2, 3)
+  def sql_negate
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(self, :AND, true)
+  end
+
+  # Return a Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression created from this hash, matching any of the
+  # conditions.
+  #
+  #   {:a=>true}.sql_or # SQL: a IS TRUE
+  #   {:a=>1, :b=>[2, 3]}.sql_or # SQL: a = 1 OR b IN (2, 3)
+  def sql_or
+    ::Sequel::SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(self, :OR)
+  end
+end
+
+# Sequel extends the String class to add methods to implement the SQL DSL.
+class String
+  include Sequel::SQL::AliasMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::CastMethods
+
+  # Converts a string into a Sequel::LiteralString, in order to override string
+  # literalization, e.g.:
+  #
+  #   DB[:items].filter(:abc => 'def').sql #=>
+  #     "SELECT * FROM items WHERE (abc = 'def')"
+  #
+  #   DB[:items].filter(:abc => 'def'.lit).sql #=>
+  #     "SELECT * FROM items WHERE (abc = def)"
+  #
+  # You can also provide arguments, to create a Sequel::SQL::PlaceholderLiteralString:
+  #
+  #    DB[:items].select{|o| o.count('DISTINCT ?'.lit(:a))}.sql #=>
+  #      "SELECT count(DISTINCT a) FROM items"
+  def lit(*args)
+    args.empty? ? Sequel::LiteralString.new(self) : Sequel::SQL::PlaceholderLiteralString.new(self, args)
+  end
+  
+  # Returns a Sequel::SQL::Blob that holds the same data as this string. Blobs provide proper
+  # escaping of binary data.
+  def to_sequel_blob
+    ::Sequel::SQL::Blob.new(self)
+  end
+end
+
+# Sequel extends the Symbol class to add methods to implement the SQL DSL.
+class Symbol
+  include Sequel::SQL::QualifyingMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::IdentifierMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::AliasMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::CastMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::OrderMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::BooleanMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::NumericMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::StringMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::SubscriptMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::ComplexExpressionMethods
+  include Sequel::SQL::InequalityMethods if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0'
+
+  # If no argument is given, returns a Sequel::SQL::ColumnAll object specifying all
+  # columns for this table.
+  # If an argument is given, returns a Sequel::SQL::NumericExpression using the *
+  # (multiplication) operator with this and the given argument.
+  # 
+  #   :table.* # SQL: table.*
+  #   :column * 2 # SQL: column * 2
+  def *(ce=(arg=false;nil))
+    return super(ce) unless arg == false
+    Sequel::SQL::ColumnAll.new(self);
+  end
+
+  # Returns a Sequel::SQL::Function  with this as the function name,
+  # and the given arguments. This is aliased as Symbol#[] if the RUBY_VERSION
+  # is less than 1.9.0. Ruby 1.9 defines Symbol#[], and Sequel
+  # doesn't override methods defined by ruby itself.
+  #
+  #   :now.sql_function # SQL: now()
+  #   :sum.sql_function(:a) # SQL: sum(a)
+  #   :concat.sql_function(:a, :b) # SQL: concat(a, b)
+  def sql_function(*args)
+    Sequel::SQL::Function.new(self, *args)
+  end
+  alias_method(:[], :sql_function) if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0'
+end

data/lib/sequel/database.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1079 @@
+module Sequel
+  # Hash of adapters that have been used. The key is the adapter scheme
+  # symbol, and the value is the Database subclass.
+  ADAPTER_MAP = {}
+    
+  # Array of all databases to which Sequel has connected.  If you are
+  # developing an application that can connect to an arbitrary number of 
+  # databases, delete the database objects from this or they will not get
+  # garbage collected.
+  DATABASES = []
+
+  # A Database object represents a virtual connection to a database.
+  # The Database class is meant to be subclassed by database adapters in order
+  # to provide the functionality needed for executing queries.
+  class Database
+    extend Metaprogramming
+    include Metaprogramming
+
+    # Array of supported database adapters
+    ADAPTERS = %w'ado amalgalite db2 dbi do firebird informix jdbc mysql odbc openbase oracle postgres sqlite'.collect{|x| x.to_sym}
+
+    SQL_BEGIN = 'BEGIN'.freeze
+    SQL_COMMIT = 'COMMIT'.freeze
+    SQL_RELEASE_SAVEPOINT = 'RELEASE SAVEPOINT autopoint_%d'.freeze
+    SQL_ROLLBACK = 'ROLLBACK'.freeze
+    SQL_ROLLBACK_TO_SAVEPOINT = 'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT autopoint_%d'.freeze
+    SQL_SAVEPOINT = 'SAVEPOINT autopoint_%d'.freeze
+    
+    TRANSACTION_BEGIN = 'Transaction.begin'.freeze
+    TRANSACTION_COMMIT = 'Transaction.commit'.freeze
+    TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = 'Transaction.rollback'.freeze
+    
+    POSTGRES_DEFAULT_RE = /\A(?:B?('.*')::[^']+|\((-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\))\z/
+    MSSQL_DEFAULT_RE = /\A(?:\(N?('.*')\)|\(\((-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\)\))\z/
+    MYSQL_TIMESTAMP_RE = /\ACURRENT_(?:DATE|TIMESTAMP)?\z/
+    STRING_DEFAULT_RE = /\A'(.*)'\z/
+
+    # The identifier input method to use by default
+    @@identifier_input_method = nil
+
+    # The identifier output method to use by default
+    @@identifier_output_method = nil
+
+    # Whether to use the single threaded connection pool by default
+    @@single_threaded = false
+
+    # Whether to quote identifiers (columns and tables) by default
+    @@quote_identifiers = nil
+
+    # The default schema to use, generally should be nil.
+    attr_accessor :default_schema
+
+    # Numeric specifying the duration beyond which queries are logged at warn
+    # level instead of info level.
+    attr_accessor :log_warn_duration
+
+    # Array of SQL loggers to use for this database
+    attr_accessor :loggers
+    
+    # The options for this database
+    attr_reader :opts
+    
+    # The connection pool for this database
+    attr_reader :pool
+
+    # The prepared statement objects for this database, keyed by name
+    attr_reader :prepared_statements
+    
+    # Constructs a new instance of a database connection with the specified
+    # options hash.
+    #
+    # Sequel::Database is an abstract class that is not useful by itself.
+    #
+    # Takes the following options:
+    # * :default_schema : The default schema to use, should generally be nil
+    # * :disconnection_proc: A proc used to disconnect the connection.
+    # * :identifier_input_method: A string method symbol to call on identifiers going into the database
+    # * :identifier_output_method: A string method symbol to call on identifiers coming from the database
+    # * :loggers : An array of loggers to use.
+    # * :quote_identifiers : Whether to quote identifiers
+    # * :single_threaded : Whether to use a single-threaded connection pool
+    #
+    # All options given are also passed to the ConnectionPool.  If a block
+    # is given, it is used as the connection_proc for the ConnectionPool.
+    def initialize(opts = {}, &block)
+      @opts ||= opts
+      @opts = connection_pool_default_options.merge(@opts)
+      @loggers = Array(@opts[:logger]) + Array(@opts[:loggers])
+      self.log_warn_duration = @opts[:log_warn_duration]
+      @opts[:disconnection_proc] ||= proc{|conn| disconnect_connection(conn)}
+      block ||= proc{|server| connect(server)}
+      @opts[:servers] = {} if @opts[:servers].is_a?(String)
+      
+      @opts[:single_threaded] = @single_threaded = typecast_value_boolean(@opts.fetch(:single_threaded, @@single_threaded))
+      @schemas = {}
+      @default_schema = @opts.fetch(:default_schema, default_schema_default)
+      @prepared_statements = {}
+      @transactions = []
+      @identifier_input_method = nil
+      @identifier_output_method = nil
+      @quote_identifiers = nil
+      @pool = ConnectionPool.get_pool(@opts, &block)
+
+      ::Sequel::DATABASES.push(self)
+    end
+    
+    ### Class Methods ###
+
+    # The Database subclass for the given adapter scheme.
+    # Raises Sequel::AdapterNotFound if the adapter
+    # could not be loaded.
+    def self.adapter_class(scheme)
+      scheme = scheme.to_s.gsub('-', '_').to_sym
+      
+      unless klass = ADAPTER_MAP[scheme]
+        # attempt to load the adapter file
+        begin
+          Sequel.tsk_require "sequel/adapters/#{scheme}"
+        rescue LoadError => e
+          raise Sequel.convert_exception_class(e, AdapterNotFound)
+        end
+        
+        # make sure we actually loaded the adapter
+        unless klass = ADAPTER_MAP[scheme]
+          raise AdapterNotFound, "Could not load #{scheme} adapter"
+        end
+      end
+      klass
+    end
+        
+    # Returns the scheme for the Database class.
+    def self.adapter_scheme
+      @scheme
+    end
+    
+    # Connects to a database.  See Sequel.connect.
+    def self.connect(conn_string, opts = {})
+      case conn_string
+      when String
+        if match = /\A(jdbc|do):/o.match(conn_string)
+          c = adapter_class(match[1].to_sym)
+          opts = {:uri=>conn_string}.merge(opts)
+        else
+          uri = URI.parse(conn_string)
+          scheme = uri.scheme
+          scheme = :dbi if scheme =~ /\Adbi-/
+          c = adapter_class(scheme)
+          uri_options = c.send(:uri_to_options, uri)
+          uri.query.split('&').collect{|s| s.split('=')}.each{|k,v| uri_options[k.to_sym] = v if k && !k.empty?} unless uri.query.to_s.strip.empty?
+          uri_options.entries.each{|k,v| uri_options[k] = URI.unescape(v) if v.is_a?(String)}
+          opts = uri_options.merge(opts)
+        end
+      when Hash
+        opts = conn_string.merge(opts)
+        c = adapter_class(opts[:adapter] || opts['adapter'])
+      else
+        raise Error, "Sequel::Database.connect takes either a Hash or a String, given: #{conn_string.inspect}"
+      end
+      # process opts a bit
+      opts = opts.inject({}) do |m, kv| k, v = *kv
+        k = :user if k.to_s == 'username'
+        m[k.to_sym] = v
+        m
+      end
+      begin
+        db = c.new(opts)
+        db.test_connection if opts[:test] && db.send(:typecast_value_boolean, opts[:test])
+        result = yield(db) if block_given?
+      ensure
+        if block_given?
+          db.disconnect if db
+          ::Sequel::DATABASES.delete(db)
+        end
+      end
+      block_given? ? result : db
+    end
+    
+    # The method to call on identifiers going into the database
+    def self.identifier_input_method
+      @@identifier_input_method
+    end
+    
+    # Set the method to call on identifiers going into the database
+    # See Sequel.identifier_input_method=.
+    def self.identifier_input_method=(v)
+      @@identifier_input_method = v || ""
+    end
+    
+    # The method to call on identifiers coming from the database
+    def self.identifier_output_method
+      @@identifier_output_method
+    end
+    
+    # Set the method to call on identifiers coming from the database
+    # See Sequel.identifier_output_method=.
+    def self.identifier_output_method=(v)
+      @@identifier_output_method = v || ""
+    end
+
+    # Sets the default quote_identifiers mode for new databases.
+    # See Sequel.quote_identifiers=.
+    def self.quote_identifiers=(value)
+      @@quote_identifiers = value
+    end
+
+    # Sets the default single_threaded mode for new databases.
+    # See Sequel.single_threaded=.
+    def self.single_threaded=(value)
+      @@single_threaded = value
+    end
+
+    ### Private Class Methods ###
+
+    # Sets the adapter scheme for the Database class. Call this method in
+    # descendants of Database to allow connection using a URL. For example the
+    # following:
+    #
+    #   class Sequel::MyDB::Database < Sequel::Database
+    #     set_adapter_scheme :mydb
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    #
+    # would allow connection using:
+    #
+    #   Sequel.connect('mydb://user:password@dbserver/mydb')
+    def self.set_adapter_scheme(scheme) # :nodoc:
+      @scheme = scheme
+      ADAPTER_MAP[scheme.to_sym] = self
+    end
+    
+    # Converts a uri to an options hash. These options are then passed
+    # to a newly created database object. 
+    def self.uri_to_options(uri) # :nodoc:
+      { :user => uri.user,
+        :password => uri.password,
+        :host => uri.host,
+        :port => uri.port,
+        :database => (m = /\/(.*)/.match(uri.path)) && (m[1]) }
+    end
+    
+    private_class_method :set_adapter_scheme, :uri_to_options
+    
+    ### Instance Methods ###
+
+    # Runs the supplied SQL statement string on the database server.
+    # Alias for run.
+    def <<(sql)
+      run(sql)
+    end
+    
+    # Returns a dataset from the database. If the first argument is a string,
+    # the method acts as an alias for Database#fetch, returning a dataset for
+    # arbitrary SQL:
+    #
+    #   DB['SELECT * FROM items WHERE name = ?', my_name].all
+    #
+    # Otherwise, acts as an alias for Database#from, setting the primary
+    # table for the dataset:
+    #
+    #   DB[:items].sql #=> "SELECT * FROM items"
+    def [](*args)
+      (String === args.first) ? fetch(*args) : from(*args)
+    end
+    
+    # Dynamically add new servers or modify server options at runtime. Also adds new
+    # servers to the connection pool. Intended for use with master/slave or shard
+    # configurations where it is useful to add new server hosts at runtime.
+    #
+    # servers argument should be a hash with server name symbol keys and hash or
+    # proc values.  If a servers key is already in use, it's value is overridden
+    # with the value provided.
+    #
+    #  DB.add_servers(:f=>{:host=>"hash_host_f"})
+    def add_servers(servers)
+      @opts[:servers] = @opts[:servers] ? @opts[:servers].merge(servers) : servers
+      @pool.add_servers(servers.keys)
+    end
+    
+    # Call the prepared statement with the given name with the given hash
+    # of arguments.
+    def call(ps_name, hash={})
+      prepared_statements[ps_name].call(hash)
+    end
+    
+    # Cast the given type to a literal type
+    def cast_type_literal(type)
+      type_literal(:type=>type)
+    end
+
+    # Connects to the database. This method should be overridden by descendants.
+    def connect(server)
+      raise NotImplementedError, "#connect should be overridden by adapters"
+    end
+    
+    # The database type for this database object, the same as the adapter scheme
+    # by default.  Should be overridden in adapters (especially shared adapters)
+    # to be the correct type, so that even if two separate Database objects are
+    # using different adapters you can tell that they are using the same database
+    # type.  Even better, you can tell that two Database objects that are using
+    # the same adapter are connecting to different database types (think JDBC or
+    # DataObjects).
+    def database_type
+      self.class.adapter_scheme
+    end
+    
+    # Returns a blank dataset for this database
+    def dataset
+      ds = Sequel::Dataset.new(self)
+    end
+    
+    # Disconnects all available connections from the connection pool.  Any
+    # connections currently in use will not be disconnected. Options:
+    # * :servers - Should be a symbol specifing the server to disconnect from,
+    #   or an array of symbols to specify multiple servers.
+    def disconnect(opts = {})
+      pool.disconnect(opts)
+    end
+
+    # Yield a new database object for every server in the connection pool.
+    # Intended for use in sharded environments where there is a need to make schema
+    # modifications (DDL queries) on each shard.
+    #
+    #   DB.each_server{|db| db.create_table(:users){primary_key :id; String :name}}
+    def each_server(&block)
+      servers.each{|s| self.class.connect(server_opts(s), &block)}
+    end
+
+    # Executes the given SQL on the database. This method should be overridden in descendants.
+    # This method should not be called directly by user code.
+    def execute(sql, opts={})
+      raise NotImplementedError, "#execute should be overridden by adapters"
+    end
+    
+    # Method that should be used when submitting any DDL (Data Definition
+    # Language) SQL.  By default, calls execute_dui.
+    # This method should not be called directly by user code.
+    def execute_ddl(sql, opts={}, &block)
+      execute_dui(sql, opts, &block)
+    end
+
+    # Method that should be used when issuing a DELETE, UPDATE, or INSERT
+    # statement.  By default, calls execute.
+    # This method should not be called directly by user code.
+    def execute_dui(sql, opts={}, &block)
+      execute(sql, opts, &block)
+    end
+
+    # Method that should be used when issuing a INSERT
+    # statement.  By default, calls execute_dui.
+    # This method should not be called directly by user code.
+    def execute_insert(sql, opts={}, &block)
+      execute_dui(sql, opts, &block)
+    end
+
+    # Fetches records for an arbitrary SQL statement. If a block is given,
+    # it is used to iterate over the records:
+    #
+    #   DB.fetch('SELECT * FROM items'){|r| p r}
+    #
+    # The method returns a dataset instance:
+    #
+    #   DB.fetch('SELECT * FROM items').all
+    #
+    # Fetch can also perform parameterized queries for protection against SQL
+    # injection:
+    #
+    #   DB.fetch('SELECT * FROM items WHERE name = ?', my_name).all
+    def fetch(sql, *args, &block)
+      ds = dataset.with_sql(sql, *args)
+      ds.each(&block) if block
+      ds
+    end
+    
+    # Returns a new dataset with the from method invoked. If a block is given,
+    # it is used as a filter on the dataset.
+    def from(*args, &block)
+      ds = dataset.from(*args)
+      block ? ds.filter(&block) : ds
+    end
+    
+    # Returns a single value from the database, e.g.:
+    #
+    #   # SELECT 1
+    #   DB.get(1) #=> 1 
+    #
+    #   # SELECT version()
+    #   DB.get(:version.sql_function) #=> ...
+    def get(*args, &block)
+      dataset.get(*args, &block)
+    end
+    
+    # The method to call on identifiers going into the database
+    def identifier_input_method
+      case @identifier_input_method
+      when nil
+        @identifier_input_method = @opts.fetch(:identifier_input_method, (@@identifier_input_method.nil? ? identifier_input_method_default : @@identifier_input_method))
+        @identifier_input_method == "" ? nil : @identifier_input_method
+      when ""
+        nil
+      else
+        @identifier_input_method
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Set the method to call on identifiers going into the database
+    def identifier_input_method=(v)
+      reset_schema_utility_dataset
+      @identifier_input_method = v || ""
+    end
+    
+    # The method to call on identifiers coming from the database
+    def identifier_output_method
+      case @identifier_output_method
+      when nil
+        @identifier_output_method = @opts.fetch(:identifier_output_method, (@@identifier_output_method.nil? ? identifier_output_method_default : @@identifier_output_method))
+        @identifier_output_method == "" ? nil : @identifier_output_method
+      when ""
+        nil
+      else
+        @identifier_output_method
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Set the method to call on identifiers coming from the database
+    def identifier_output_method=(v)
+      reset_schema_utility_dataset
+      @identifier_output_method = v || ""
+    end
+    
+    # Returns a string representation of the database object including the
+    # class name and the connection URI (or the opts if the URI
+    # cannot be constructed).
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class}: #{(uri rescue opts).inspect}>" 
+    end
+
+    # Proxy the literal call to the dataset, used for default values.
+    def literal(v)
+      schema_utility_dataset.literal(v)
+    end
+
+    # Log a message at level info to all loggers.
+    def log_info(message, args=nil)
+      log_each(:info, args ? "#{message}; #{args.inspect}" : message)
+    end
+
+    # Yield to the block, logging any errors at error level to all loggers,
+    # and all other queries with the duration at warn or info level.
+    def log_yield(sql, args=nil)
+      return yield if @loggers.empty?
+      sql = "#{sql}; #{args.inspect}" if args
+      start = Time.now
+      begin
+        yield
+      rescue => e
+        log_each(:error, "#{e.class}: #{e.message.strip}: #{sql}")
+        raise
+      ensure
+        log_duration(Time.now - start, sql) unless e
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Remove any existing loggers and just use the given logger.
+    def logger=(logger)
+      @loggers = Array(logger)
+    end
+
+    # Whether to quote identifiers (columns and tables) for this database
+    def quote_identifiers=(v)
+      reset_schema_utility_dataset
+      @quote_identifiers = v
+    end
+    
+    # Returns true if the database quotes identifiers.
+    def quote_identifiers?
+      return @quote_identifiers unless @quote_identifiers.nil?
+      @quote_identifiers = @opts.fetch(:quote_identifiers, (@@quote_identifiers.nil? ? quote_identifiers_default : @@quote_identifiers))
+    end
+    
+    # Dynamically remove existing servers from the connection pool. Intended for
+    # use with master/slave or shard configurations where it is useful to remove
+    # existing server hosts at runtime.
+    #
+    # servers should be symbols or arrays of symbols.  If a nonexistent server
+    # is specified, it is ignored.  If no servers have been specified for
+    # this database, no changes are made. If you attempt to remove the :default server,
+    # an error will be raised.
+    #
+    #   DB.remove_servers(:f1, :f2)
+    def remove_servers(*servers)
+      if @opts[:servers] && !@opts[:servers].empty?
+        servs = @opts[:servers].dup
+        servers.flatten!
+        servers.each{|s| servs.delete(s)}
+        @opts[:servers] = servs
+        @pool.remove_servers(servers)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Runs the supplied SQL statement string on the database server. Returns nil.
+    # Options:
+    # * :server - The server to run the SQL on.
+    def run(sql, opts={})
+      execute_ddl(sql, opts)
+      nil
+    end
+    
+    # Parse the schema from the database.
+    # Returns the schema for the given table as an array with all members being arrays of length 2,
+    # the first member being the column name, and the second member being a hash of column information.
+    # Available options are:
+    #
+    # * :reload - Get fresh information from the database, instead of using
+    #   cached information.  If table_name is blank, :reload should be used
+    #   unless you are sure that schema has not been called before with a
+    #   table_name, otherwise you may only getting the schemas for tables
+    #   that have been requested explicitly.
+    # * :schema - An explicit schema to use.  It may also be implicitly provided
+    #   via the table name.
+    def schema(table, opts={})
+      raise(Error, 'schema parsing is not implemented on this database') unless respond_to?(:schema_parse_table, true)
+
+      sch, table_name = schema_and_table(table)
+      quoted_name = quote_schema_table(table)
+      opts = opts.merge(:schema=>sch) if sch && !opts.include?(:schema)
+
+      @schemas.delete(quoted_name) if opts[:reload]
+      return @schemas[quoted_name] if @schemas[quoted_name]
+
+      cols = schema_parse_table(table_name, opts)
+      raise(Error, 'schema parsing returned no columns, table probably doesn\'t exist') if cols.nil? || cols.empty?
+      cols.each{|_,c| c[:ruby_default] = column_schema_to_ruby_default(c[:default], c[:type])}
+      @schemas[quoted_name] = cols
+    end
+
+    # Returns a new dataset with the select method invoked.
+    def select(*args, &block)
+      dataset.select(*args, &block)
+    end
+
+    # An array of servers/shards for this Database object.
+    def servers
+      pool.servers
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the database is using a single-threaded connection pool.
+    def single_threaded?
+      @single_threaded
+    end
+    
+    # Acquires a database connection, yielding it to the passed block.
+    def synchronize(server=nil, &block)
+      @pool.hold(server || :default, &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Whether the database and adapter support savepoints, false by default
+    def supports_savepoints?
+      false
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if a table with the given name exists.  This requires a query
+    # to the database.
+    def table_exists?(name)
+      begin 
+        from(name).first
+        true
+      rescue
+        false
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Attempts to acquire a database connection.  Returns true if successful.
+    # Will probably raise an error if unsuccessful.
+    def test_connection(server=nil)
+      synchronize(server){|conn|}
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Starts a database transaction.  When a database transaction is used,
+    # either all statements are successful or none of the statements are
+    # successful.  Note that MySQL MyISAM tabels do not support transactions.
+    #
+    # The following options are respected:
+    #
+    # * :server  - The server to use for the transaction
+    # * :savepoint - Whether to create a new savepoint for this transaction,
+    #   only respected if the database adapter supports savepoints.  By
+    #   default Sequel will reuse an existing transaction, so if you want to
+    #   use a savepoint you must use this option.
+    def transaction(opts={}, &block)
+      synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
+        return yield(conn) if already_in_transaction?(conn, opts)
+        _transaction(conn, &block)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Typecast the value to the given column_type. Calls
+    # typecast_value_#{column_type} if the method exists,
+    # otherwise returns the value.
+    # This method should raise Sequel::InvalidValue if assigned value
+    # is invalid.
+    def typecast_value(column_type, value)
+      return nil if value.nil?
+      meth = "typecast_value_#{column_type}"
+      begin
+        respond_to?(meth, true) ? send(meth, value) : value
+      rescue ArgumentError, TypeError => e
+        raise Sequel.convert_exception_class(e, InvalidValue)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Returns the URI identifying the database.
+    # This method can raise an error if the database used options
+    # instead of a connection string.
+    def uri
+      uri = URI::Generic.new(
+        self.class.adapter_scheme.to_s,
+        nil,
+        @opts[:host],
+        @opts[:port],
+        nil,
+        "/#{@opts[:database]}",
+        nil,
+        nil,
+        nil
+      )
+      uri.user = @opts[:user]
+      uri.password = @opts[:password] if uri.user
+      uri.to_s
+    end
+    
+    # Explicit alias of uri for easier subclassing.
+    def url
+      uri
+    end
+    
+    private
+    
+    # Internal generic transaction method.  Any exception raised by the given
+    # block will cause the transaction to be rolled back.  If the exception is
+    # not Sequel::Rollback, the error will be reraised. If no exception occurs
+    # inside the block, the transaction is commited.
+    def _transaction(conn)
+      begin
+        add_transaction
+        t = begin_transaction(conn)
+        yield(conn)
+      rescue Exception => e
+        rollback_transaction(t) if t
+        transaction_error(e)
+      ensure
+        begin
+          commit_transaction(t) unless e
+        rescue Exception => e
+          raise_error(e, :classes=>database_error_classes)
+        ensure
+          remove_transaction(t)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Add the current thread to the list of active transactions
+    def add_transaction
+      th = Thread.current
+      if supports_savepoints?
+        unless @transactions.include?(th)
+          th[:sequel_transaction_depth] = 0
+          @transactions << th
+        end
+      else
+        @transactions << th
+      end
+    end    
+
+    # Whether the current thread/connection is already inside a transaction
+    def already_in_transaction?(conn, opts)
+      @transactions.include?(Thread.current) && (!supports_savepoints? || !opts[:savepoint])
+    end
+    
+    # SQL to start a new savepoint
+    def begin_savepoint_sql(depth)
+      SQL_SAVEPOINT % depth
+    end
+
+    # Start a new database transaction on the given connection.
+    def begin_transaction(conn)
+      if supports_savepoints?
+        th = Thread.current
+        depth = th[:sequel_transaction_depth]
+        conn = transaction_statement_object(conn) if respond_to?(:transaction_statement_object, true)
+        log_connection_execute(conn, depth > 0 ? begin_savepoint_sql(depth) : begin_transaction_sql)
+        th[:sequel_transaction_depth] += 1
+      else
+        log_connection_execute(conn, begin_transaction_sql)
+      end
+      conn
+    end
+    
+    # SQL to BEGIN a transaction.
+    def begin_transaction_sql
+      SQL_BEGIN
+    end
+
+    # Returns true when the object is considered blank.
+    # The only objects that are blank are nil, false,
+    # strings with all whitespace, and ones that respond
+    # true to empty?
+    def blank_object?(obj)
+      return obj.blank? if obj.respond_to?(:blank?)
+      case obj
+      when NilClass, FalseClass
+        true
+      when Numeric, TrueClass
+        false
+      when String
+        obj.strip.empty?
+      else
+        obj.respond_to?(:empty?) ? obj.empty? : false
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Convert the given default, which should be a database specific string, into
+    # a ruby object.
+    def column_schema_to_ruby_default(default, type)
+      return if default.nil?
+      orig_default = default
+      if database_type == :postgres and m = POSTGRES_DEFAULT_RE.match(default)
+        default = m[1] || m[2]
+      end
+      if database_type == :mssql and m = MSSQL_DEFAULT_RE.match(default)
+        default = m[1] || m[2]
+      end
+      if [:string, :blob, :date, :datetime, :time, :enum].include?(type)
+        if database_type == :mysql
+          return if [:date, :datetime, :time].include?(type) && MYSQL_TIMESTAMP_RE.match(default)
+          orig_default = default = "'#{default.gsub("'", "''").gsub('\\', '\\\\')}'"
+        end
+        return unless m = STRING_DEFAULT_RE.match(default)
+        default = m[1].gsub("''", "'")
+      end
+      res = begin
+        case type
+        when :boolean
+          case default 
+          when /[f0]/i
+            false
+          when /[t1]/i
+            true
+          end
+        when :string, :enum
+          default
+        when :blob
+          Sequel::SQL::Blob.new(default)
+        when :integer
+          Integer(default)
+        when :float
+          Float(default)
+        when :date
+          Sequel.string_to_date(default)
+        when :datetime
+          DateTime.parse(default)
+        when :time
+          Sequel.string_to_time(default)
+        when :decimal
+          BigDecimal.new(default)
+        end
+      rescue
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+   
+    # SQL to commit a savepoint
+    def commit_savepoint_sql(depth)
+      SQL_RELEASE_SAVEPOINT % depth
+    end
+
+    # Commit the active transaction on the connection
+    def commit_transaction(conn)
+      if supports_savepoints?
+        depth = Thread.current[:sequel_transaction_depth]
+        log_connection_execute(conn, depth > 1 ? commit_savepoint_sql(depth-1) : commit_transaction_sql)
+      else
+        log_connection_execute(conn, commit_transaction_sql)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # SQL to COMMIT a transaction.
+    def commit_transaction_sql
+      SQL_COMMIT
+    end
+    
+    # Method called on the connection object to execute SQL on the database,
+    # used by the transaction code.
+    def connection_execute_method
+      :execute
+    end
+
+    # The default options for the connection pool.
+    def connection_pool_default_options
+      {}
+    end
+    
+    # Which transaction errors to translate, blank by default.
+    def database_error_classes
+      []
+    end
+    
+    # The default value for default_schema.
+    def default_schema_default
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # The method to apply to identifiers going into the database by default.
+    # Should be overridden in subclasses for databases that fold unquoted
+    # identifiers to lower case instead of uppercase, such as
+    # MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.
+    def identifier_input_method_default
+      :upcase
+    end
+    
+    # The method to apply to identifiers coming the database by default.
+    # Should be overridden in subclasses for databases that fold unquoted
+    # identifiers to lower case instead of uppercase, such as
+    # MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.
+    def identifier_output_method_default
+      :downcase
+    end
+    
+    # Return a Method object for the dataset's output_identifier_method.
+    # Used in metadata parsing to make sure the returned information is in the
+    # correct format.
+    def input_identifier_meth
+      dataset.method(:input_identifier)
+    end
+    
+    # Log the given SQL and then execute it on the connection, used by
+    # the transaction code.
+    def log_connection_execute(conn, sql)
+      log_yield(sql){conn.send(connection_execute_method, sql)}
+    end
+
+    # Log message with message prefixed by duration at info level, or
+    # warn level if duration is greater than log_warn_duration.
+    def log_duration(duration, message)
+      log_each((lwd = log_warn_duration and duration >= lwd) ? :warn : :info, "(#{sprintf('%0.6fs', duration)}) #{message}")
+    end
+
+    # Log message at level (which should be :error, :warn, or :info)
+    # to all loggers.
+    def log_each(level, message)
+      @loggers.each{|logger| logger.send(level, message)}
+    end
+
+    # Return a dataset that uses the default identifier input and output methods
+    # for this database.  Used when parsing metadata so that column symbols are
+    # returned as expected.
+    def metadata_dataset
+      return @metadata_dataset if @metadata_dataset
+      ds = dataset
+      ds.identifier_input_method = identifier_input_method_default
+      ds.identifier_output_method = identifier_output_method_default
+      @metadata_dataset = ds
+    end
+
+    # Return a Method object for the dataset's output_identifier_method.
+    # Used in metadata parsing to make sure the returned information is in the
+    # correct format.
+    def output_identifier_meth
+      dataset.method(:output_identifier)
+    end
+
+    # Whether to quote identifiers by default for this database, true
+    # by default.
+    def quote_identifiers_default
+      true
+    end
+
+    # SQL to ROLLBACK a transaction.
+    def rollback_transaction_sql
+      SQL_ROLLBACK
+    end
+    
+    # Convert the given exception to a DatabaseError, keeping message
+    # and traceback.
+    def raise_error(exception, opts={})
+      if !opts[:classes] || Array(opts[:classes]).any?{|c| exception.is_a?(c)}
+        raise Sequel.convert_exception_class(exception, opts[:disconnect] ? DatabaseDisconnectError : DatabaseError)
+      else
+        raise exception
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Remove the cached schema for the given schema name
+    def remove_cached_schema(table)
+      @schemas.delete(quote_schema_table(table)) if @schemas
+    end
+    
+    # Remove the current thread from the list of active transactions
+    def remove_transaction(conn)
+      th = Thread.current
+      @transactions.delete(th) if !supports_savepoints? || ((th[:sequel_transaction_depth] -= 1) <= 0)
+    end
+
+    # Remove the cached schema_utility_dataset, because the identifier
+    # quoting has changed.
+    def reset_schema_utility_dataset
+      @schema_utility_dataset = nil
+    end
+    
+    # SQL to rollback to a savepoint
+    def rollback_savepoint_sql(depth)
+      SQL_ROLLBACK_TO_SAVEPOINT % depth
+    end
+
+    # Rollback the active transaction on the connection
+    def rollback_transaction(conn)
+      if supports_savepoints?
+        depth = Thread.current[:sequel_transaction_depth]
+        log_connection_execute(conn, depth > 1 ? rollback_savepoint_sql(depth-1) : rollback_transaction_sql)
+      else
+        log_connection_execute(conn, rollback_transaction_sql)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Split the schema information from the table
+    def schema_and_table(table_name)
+      schema_utility_dataset.schema_and_table(table_name)
+    end
+
+    # Return true if the given column schema represents an autoincrementing primary key.
+    def schema_autoincrementing_primary_key?(schema)
+      !!schema[:primary_key]
+    end
+
+    # Match the database's column type to a ruby type via a
+    # regular expression.  The following ruby types are supported:
+    # integer, string, date, datetime, boolean, and float.
+    def schema_column_type(db_type)
+      case db_type
+      when /\Ainterval\z/io
+        :interval
+      when /\A(character( varying)?|n?(var)?char|n?text)/io
+        :string
+      when /\A(int(eger)?|(big|small|tiny)int)/io
+        :integer
+      when /\Adate\z/io
+        :date
+      when /\A((small)?datetime|timestamp( with(out)? time zone)?)\z/io
+        :datetime
+      when /\Atime( with(out)? time zone)?\z/io
+        :time
+      when /\A(boolean|bit)\z/io
+        :boolean
+      when /\A(real|float|double( precision)?)\z/io
+        :float
+      when /\A(((numeric|decimal)(\(\d+,\d+\))?)|(small)?money)\z/io
+        :decimal
+      when /bytea|blob|image|(var)?binary/io
+        :blob
+      when /\Aenum/
+        :enum
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The dataset to use for proxying certain schema methods.
+    def schema_utility_dataset
+      @schema_utility_dataset ||= dataset
+    end
+
+    # Return the options for the given server by merging the generic
+    # options for all server with the specific options for the given
+    # server specified in the :servers option.
+    def server_opts(server)
+      opts = if @opts[:servers] && server_options = @opts[:servers][server]
+        case server_options
+        when Hash
+          @opts.merge(server_options)
+        when Proc
+          @opts.merge(server_options.call(self))
+        else
+          raise Error, 'Server opts should be a hash or proc'
+        end
+      else
+        @opts.dup
+      end
+      opts.delete(:servers)
+      opts
+    end
+    
+    # Raise a database error unless the exception is an Rollback.
+    def transaction_error(e)
+      raise_error(e, :classes=>database_error_classes) unless e.is_a?(Rollback)
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to an SQL::Blob
+    def typecast_value_blob(value)
+      value.is_a?(Sequel::SQL::Blob) ? value : Sequel::SQL::Blob.new(value)
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to true, false, or nil
+    def typecast_value_boolean(value)
+      case value
+      when false, 0, "0", /\Af(alse)?\z/i
+        false
+      else
+        blank_object?(value) ? nil : true
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to a Date
+    def typecast_value_date(value)
+      case value
+      when Date
+        value
+      when DateTime, Time
+        Date.new(value.year, value.month, value.day)
+      when String
+        Sequel.string_to_date(value)
+      when Hash
+        Date.new(*[:year, :month, :day].map{|x| (value[x] || value[x.to_s]).to_i})
+      else
+        raise InvalidValue, "invalid value for Date: #{value.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to a DateTime or Time depending on Sequel.datetime_class
+    def typecast_value_datetime(value)
+      raise(Sequel::InvalidValue, "invalid value for Datetime: #{value.inspect}") unless [DateTime, Date, Time, String, Hash].any?{|c| value.is_a?(c)}
+      klass = Sequel.datetime_class
+      if value.is_a?(Hash)
+        klass.send(klass == Time ? :mktime : :new, *[:year, :month, :day, :hour, :minute, :second].map{|x| (value[x] || value[x.to_s]).to_i})
+      else
+        Sequel.typecast_to_application_timestamp(value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to a BigDecimal
+    def typecast_value_decimal(value)
+      case value
+      when BigDecimal
+        value
+      when String, Numeric
+        BigDecimal.new(value.to_s)
+      else
+        raise InvalidValue, "invalid value for BigDecimal: #{value.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to a Float
+    def typecast_value_float(value)
+      Float(value)
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to an Integer
+    def typecast_value_integer(value)
+      Integer(value)
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to a String
+    def typecast_value_string(value)
+      value.to_s
+    end
+
+    # Typecast the value to a Time
+    def typecast_value_time(value)
+      case value
+      when Time
+        value
+      when String
+        Sequel.string_to_time(value)
+      when Hash
+        t = Time.now
+        Time.mktime(t.year, t.month, t.day, *[:hour, :minute, :second].map{|x| (value[x] || value[x.to_s]).to_i})
+      else
+        raise Sequel::InvalidValue, "invalid value for Time: #{value.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end