viking-sequel 3.10.0

data/lib/sequel/adapters/shared/oracle.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+module Sequel
+  module Oracle
+    module DatabaseMethods
+      TEMPORARY = 'GLOBAL TEMPORARY '.freeze
+      AUTOINCREMENT = ''.freeze
+
+      def create_sequence(name, opts={})
+        self << create_sequence_sql(name, opts)
+      end
+
+      def create_trigger(*args)
+        self << create_trigger_sql(*args)
+      end
+
+      def drop_sequence(name)
+        self << drop_sequence_sql(name)
+      end
+
+      # Oracle uses the :oracle database type
+      def database_type
+        :oracle
+      end
+
+      def tables(opts={})
+        ds = from(:tab).server(opts[:server]).select(:tname).filter(:tabtype => 'TABLE')
+        ds.map{|r| ds.send(:output_identifier, r[:tname])}
+      end
+
+      def table_exists?(name)
+        from(:tab).filter(:tname =>dataset.send(:input_identifier, name), :tabtype => 'TABLE').count > 0
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def auto_increment_sql
+        AUTOINCREMENT
+      end
+
+      # SQL fragment for showing a table is temporary
+      def temporary_table_sql
+        TEMPORARY
+      end
+
+      def create_sequence_sql(name, opts={})
+        "CREATE SEQUENCE #{quote_identifier(name)} start with #{opts [:start_with]||1} increment by #{opts[:increment_by]||1} nomaxvalue"
+      end
+
+      def create_table_from_generator(name, generator, options)
+        drop_statement, create_statements = create_table_sql_list(name, generator, options)
+        (execute_ddl(drop_statement) rescue nil) if drop_statement
+        create_statements.each{|sql| execute_ddl(sql)}
+      end
+
+      def create_table_sql_list(name, generator, options={})
+        statements = [create_table_sql(name, generator, options)]
+        drop_seq_statement = nil
+        generator.columns.each do |c|
+          if c[:auto_increment]
+            c[:sequence_name] ||= "seq_#{name}_#{c[:name]}"
+            unless c[:create_sequence] == false
+              drop_seq_statement = drop_sequence_sql(c[:sequence_name])
+              statements << create_sequence_sql(c[:sequence_name], c)
+            end
+            unless c[:create_trigger] == false
+              c[:trigger_name] ||= "BI_#{name}_#{c[:name]}"
+              trigger_definition = <<-end_sql
+              BEGIN
+                IF :NEW.#{quote_identifier(c[:name])} IS NULL THEN
+                  SELECT #{c[:sequence_name]}.nextval INTO :NEW.#{quote_identifier(c[:name])} FROM dual;
+                END IF;
+              END;
+              end_sql
+              statements << create_trigger_sql(name, c[:trigger_name], trigger_definition, {:events => [:insert]})
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        [drop_seq_statement, statements]
+      end
+
+      def create_trigger_sql(table, name, definition, opts={})
+        events = opts[:events] ? Array(opts[:events]) : [:insert, :update, :delete]
+        sql = <<-end_sql
+          CREATE#{' OR REPLACE' if opts[:replace]} TRIGGER #{quote_identifier(name)}
+          #{opts[:after] ? 'AFTER' : 'BEFORE'} #{events.map{|e| e.to_s.upcase}.join(' OR ')} ON #{quote_schema_table(table)}
+          REFERENCING NEW AS NEW FOR EACH ROW
+          #{definition}
+        end_sql
+        sql
+      end
+
+      def drop_sequence_sql(name)
+        "DROP SEQUENCE #{quote_identifier(name)}"
+      end
+    end
+    
+    module DatasetMethods
+      SELECT_CLAUSE_METHODS = Dataset.clause_methods(:select, %w'with distinct columns from join where group having compounds order limit')
+
+      # Oracle uses MINUS instead of EXCEPT, and doesn't support EXCEPT ALL
+      def except(dataset, opts={})
+        opts = {:all=>opts} unless opts.is_a?(Hash)
+        raise(Sequel::Error, "EXCEPT ALL not supported") if opts[:all]
+        compound_clone(:minus, dataset, opts)
+      end
+
+      def empty?
+        db[:dual].where(exists).get(1) == nil
+      end
+
+      # If this dataset is associated with a sequence, return the most recently
+      # inserted sequence value.
+      def insert(*args)
+        r = super
+        if s = opts[:sequence]
+          with_sql("SELECT #{literal(s)}.currval FROM dual").single_value.to_i
+        else
+          r
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Oracle requires SQL standard datetimes
+      def requires_sql_standard_datetimes?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # Create a copy of this dataset associated to the given sequence name,
+      # which will be used when calling insert to find the most recently
+      # inserted value for the sequence.
+      def sequence(s)
+        clone(:sequence=>s)
+      end
+
+      # Oracle does not support INTERSECT ALL or EXCEPT ALL
+      def supports_intersect_except_all?
+        false
+      end
+      
+      # Oracle supports timezones in literal timestamps.
+      def supports_timestamp_timezones?
+        true
+      end
+      
+      # Oracle supports window functions
+      def supports_window_functions?
+        true
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Oracle doesn't support the use of AS when aliasing a dataset.  It doesn't require
+      # the use of AS anywhere, so this disables it in all cases.
+      def as_sql(expression, aliaz)
+        "#{expression} #{quote_identifier(aliaz)}"
+      end
+
+      # The strftime format to use when literalizing the time.
+      def default_timestamp_format
+        "TIMESTAMP '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%N %z'".freeze
+      end
+
+      # Use a colon for the timestamp offset, since Oracle appears to require it.
+      def format_timestamp_offset(hour, minute)
+        sprintf("%+03i:%02i", hour, minute)
+      end
+
+      # Oracle uses the SQL standard of only doubling ' inside strings.
+      def literal_string(v)
+        "'#{v.gsub("'", "''")}'"
+      end
+
+      def select_clause_methods
+        SELECT_CLAUSE_METHODS
+      end
+
+      # Modify the SQL to add the list of tables to select FROM
+      # Oracle doesn't support select without FROM clause
+      # so add the dummy DUAL table if the dataset doesn't select
+      # from a table.
+      def select_from_sql(sql)
+        sql << " FROM #{source_list(@opts[:from] || ['DUAL'])}"
+      end
+
+      # Oracle requires a subselect to do limit and offset
+      def select_limit_sql(sql)
+        if limit = @opts[:limit]
+          if (offset = @opts[:offset]) && (offset > 0)
+            sql.replace("SELECT * FROM (SELECT raw_sql_.*, ROWNUM raw_rnum_ FROM(#{sql}) raw_sql_ WHERE ROWNUM <= #{limit + offset}) WHERE raw_rnum_ > #{offset}")
+          else
+            sql.replace("SELECT * FROM (#{sql}) WHERE ROWNUM <= #{limit}")
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/sequel/adapters/shared/postgres.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,830 @@
+module Sequel
+  Dataset::NON_SQL_OPTIONS << :disable_insert_returning
+
+  # Top level module for holding all PostgreSQL-related modules and classes
+  # for Sequel.  There are a few module level accessors that are added via
+  # metaprogramming.  These are:
+  # * client_min_messages (only available when using the native adapter) -
+  #   Change the minimum level of messages that PostgreSQL will send to the
+  #   the client.  The PostgreSQL default is NOTICE, the Sequel default is
+  #   WARNING.  Set to nil to not change the server default.
+  # * force_standard_strings - Set to false to not force the use of
+  #   standard strings
+  # * use_iso_date_format (only available when using the native adapter) -
+  #   Set to false to not change the date format to
+  #   ISO.  This disables one of Sequel's optimizations.
+  #
+  # Changes in these settings only affect future connections.  To make
+  # sure that they are applied, they should generally be called right
+  # after the Database object is instantiated and before a connection
+  # is actually made. For example, to use whatever the server defaults are:
+  #
+  #   DB = Sequel.postgres(...)
+  #   Sequel::Postgres.client_min_messages = nil
+  #   Sequel::Postgres.force_standard_strings = false
+  #   Sequel::Postgres.use_iso_date_format = false
+  #   # A connection to the server is not made until here
+  #   DB[:t].all
+  #
+  # The reason they can't be done earlier is that the Sequel::Postgres
+  # module is not loaded until a Database object which uses PostgreSQL
+  # is created.
+  module Postgres
+    # Array of exceptions that need to be converted.  JDBC
+    # uses NativeExceptions, the native adapter uses PGError.
+    CONVERTED_EXCEPTIONS = []
+    
+    @client_min_messages = :warning
+    @force_standard_strings = true
+    
+    class << self
+      # By default, Sequel sets the minimum level of log messages sent to the client
+      # to WARNING, where PostgreSQL uses a default of NOTICE.  This is to avoid a lot
+      # of mostly useless messages when running migrations, such as a couple of lines
+      # for every serial primary key field.
+      attr_accessor :client_min_messages
+
+      # By default, Sequel forces the use of standard strings, so that
+      # '\\' is interpreted as \\ and not \.  While PostgreSQL defaults
+      # to interpreting plain strings as extended strings, this will change
+      # in a future version of PostgreSQL.  Sequel assumes that SQL standard
+      # strings will be used.
+      attr_accessor :force_standard_strings
+    end
+
+    # Methods shared by adapter/connection instances.
+    module AdapterMethods
+      attr_writer :db
+      
+      SELECT_CURRVAL = "SELECT currval('%s')".freeze
+      SELECT_CUSTOM_SEQUENCE = proc do |schema, table| <<-end_sql
+        SELECT '"' || name.nspname || '".' || CASE  
+            WHEN split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2) ~ '.' THEN  
+              substr(split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2),  
+                     strpos(split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2), '.')+1) 
+            ELSE split_part(def.adsrc, '''', 2)  
+          END
+        FROM pg_class t
+        JOIN pg_namespace  name ON (t.relnamespace = name.oid)
+        JOIN pg_attribute  attr ON (t.oid = attrelid)
+        JOIN pg_attrdef    def  ON (adrelid = attrelid AND adnum = attnum)
+        JOIN pg_constraint cons ON (conrelid = adrelid AND adnum = conkey[1])
+        WHERE cons.contype = 'p'
+          AND def.adsrc ~* 'nextval'
+          #{"AND name.nspname = '#{schema}'" if schema}
+          AND t.relname = '#{table}'
+      end_sql
+      end
+      SELECT_PK = proc do |schema, table| <<-end_sql
+        SELECT pg_attribute.attname
+        FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_index, pg_namespace
+        WHERE pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid
+          AND pg_class.relnamespace  = pg_namespace.oid
+          AND pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid
+          AND pg_index.indkey[0] = pg_attribute.attnum
+          AND pg_index.indisprimary = 't'
+          #{"AND pg_namespace.nspname = '#{schema}'" if schema}
+          AND pg_class.relname = '#{table}'
+      end_sql
+      end
+      SELECT_SERIAL_SEQUENCE = proc do |schema, table| <<-end_sql
+        SELECT  '"' || name.nspname || '".' || seq.relname || ''
+        FROM pg_class seq, pg_attribute attr, pg_depend dep,
+          pg_namespace name, pg_constraint cons
+        WHERE seq.oid = dep.objid
+          AND seq.relnamespace  = name.oid
+          AND seq.relkind = 'S'
+          AND attr.attrelid = dep.refobjid
+          AND attr.attnum = dep.refobjsubid
+          AND attr.attrelid = cons.conrelid
+          AND attr.attnum = cons.conkey[1]
+          AND cons.contype = 'p'
+          #{"AND name.nspname = '#{schema}'" if schema}
+          AND seq.relname = '#{table}'
+      end_sql
+      end
+      
+      # Depth of the current transaction on this connection, used
+      # to implement multi-level transactions with savepoints.
+      attr_accessor :transaction_depth
+      
+      # Apply connection settings for this connection. Currently, turns
+      # standard_conforming_strings ON if Postgres.force_standard_strings
+      # is true.
+      def apply_connection_settings
+        if Postgres.force_standard_strings
+          # This setting will only work on PostgreSQL 8.2 or greater
+          # and we don't know the server version at this point, so
+          # try it unconditionally and rescue any errors.
+          execute("SET standard_conforming_strings = ON") rescue nil
+        end
+        if cmm = Postgres.client_min_messages
+          execute("SET client_min_messages = '#{cmm.to_s.upcase}'")
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Get the last inserted value for the given sequence.
+      def last_insert_id(sequence)
+        sql = SELECT_CURRVAL % sequence
+        execute(sql) do |r|
+          val = single_value(r)
+          return val.to_i if val
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Get the primary key for the given table.
+      def primary_key(schema, table)
+        sql = SELECT_PK[schema, table]
+        execute(sql) do |r|
+          return single_value(r)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Get the primary key and sequence for the given table.
+      def sequence(schema, table)
+        sql = SELECT_SERIAL_SEQUENCE[schema, table]
+        execute(sql) do |r|
+          seq = single_value(r)
+          return seq if seq
+        end
+        
+        sql = SELECT_CUSTOM_SEQUENCE[schema, table]
+        execute(sql) do |r|
+          return single_value(r)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Methods shared by Database instances that connect to PostgreSQL.
+    module DatabaseMethods
+      PREPARED_ARG_PLACEHOLDER = LiteralString.new('$').freeze
+      RE_CURRVAL_ERROR = /currval of sequence "(.*)" is not yet defined in this session|relation "(.*)" does not exist/.freeze
+      SYSTEM_TABLE_REGEXP = /^pg|sql/.freeze
+
+      # Creates the function in the database.  Arguments:
+      # * name : name of the function to create
+      # * definition : string definition of the function, or object file for a dynamically loaded C function.
+      # * opts : options hash:
+      #   * :args : function arguments, can be either a symbol or string specifying a type or an array of 1-3 elements:
+      #     * element 1 : argument data type
+      #     * element 2 : argument name
+      #     * element 3 : argument mode (e.g. in, out, inout)
+      #   * :behavior : Should be IMMUTABLE, STABLE, or VOLATILE.  PostgreSQL assumes VOLATILE by default.
+      #   * :cost : The estimated cost of the function, used by the query planner.
+      #   * :language : The language the function uses.  SQL is the default.
+      #   * :link_symbol : For a dynamically loaded see function, the function's link symbol if different from the definition argument.
+      #   * :returns : The data type returned by the function.  If you are using OUT or INOUT argument modes, this is ignored.
+      #     Otherwise, if this is not specified, void is used by default to specify the function is not supposed to return a value.
+      #   * :rows : The estimated number of rows the function will return.  Only use if the function returns SETOF something.
+      #   * :security_definer : Makes the privileges of the function the same as the privileges of the user who defined the function instead of
+      #     the privileges of the user who runs the function.  There are security implications when doing this, see the PostgreSQL documentation.
+      #   * :set : Configuration variables to set while the function is being run, can be a hash or an array of two pairs.  search_path is
+      #     often used here if :security_definer is used.
+      #   * :strict : Makes the function return NULL when any argument is NULL.
+      def create_function(name, definition, opts={})
+        self << create_function_sql(name, definition, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # Create the procedural language in the database. Arguments:
+      # * name : Name of the procedural language (e.g. plpgsql)
+      # * opts : options hash:
+      #   * :handler : The name of a previously registered function used as a call handler for this language.
+      #   * :trusted : Marks the language being created as trusted, allowing unprivileged users to create functions using this language.
+      #   * :validator : The name of previously registered function used as a validator of functions defined in this language.
+      def create_language(name, opts={})
+        self << create_language_sql(name, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # Create a trigger in the database.  Arguments:
+      # * table : the table on which this trigger operates
+      # * name : the name of this trigger
+      # * function : the function to call for this trigger, which should return type trigger.
+      # * opts : options hash:
+      #   * :after : Calls the trigger after execution instead of before.
+      #   * :args : An argument or array of arguments to pass to the function.
+      #   * :each_row : Calls the trigger for each row instead of for each statement.
+      #   * :events : Can be :insert, :update, :delete, or an array of any of those. Calls the trigger whenever that type of statement is used.  By default,
+      #     the trigger is called for insert, update, or delete.
+      def create_trigger(table, name, function, opts={})
+        self << create_trigger_sql(table, name, function, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # PostgreSQL uses the :postgres database type.
+      def database_type
+        :postgres
+      end
+
+      # Drops the function from the database. Arguments:
+      # * name : name of the function to drop
+      # * opts : options hash:
+      #   * :args : The arguments for the function.  See create_function_sql.
+      #   * :cascade : Drop other objects depending on this function.
+      #   * :if_exists : Don't raise an error if the function doesn't exist.
+      def drop_function(name, opts={})
+        self << drop_function_sql(name, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # Drops a procedural language from the database.  Arguments:
+      # * name : name of the procedural language to drop
+      # * opts : options hash:
+      #   * :cascade : Drop other objects depending on this function.
+      #   * :if_exists : Don't raise an error if the function doesn't exist.
+      def drop_language(name, opts={})
+        self << drop_language_sql(name, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # Remove the cached entries for primary keys and sequences when dropping a table.
+      def drop_table(*names)
+        names.each do |name|
+          name = quote_schema_table(name)
+          @primary_keys.delete(name)
+          @primary_key_sequences.delete(name)
+        end
+        super
+      end
+
+      # Drops a trigger from the database.  Arguments:
+      # * table : table from which to drop the trigger
+      # * name : name of the trigger to drop
+      # * opts : options hash:
+      #   * :cascade : Drop other objects depending on this function.
+      #   * :if_exists : Don't raise an error if the function doesn't exist.
+      def drop_trigger(table, name, opts={})
+        self << drop_trigger_sql(table, name, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # Return a hash containing index information. Hash keys are index name symbols.
+      # Values are subhashes with two keys, :columns and :unique.  The value of :columns
+      # is an array of symbols of column names.  The value of :unique is true or false
+      # depending on if the index is unique.
+      #
+      # This will not output any partial indexes, indexes that aren't valid or ready,
+      # or indexes that contain anything other than simple column references.
+      def indexes(table)
+        m = output_identifier_meth
+        im = input_identifier_meth
+        schema, table = schema_and_table(table)
+        range = 0...32
+        attnums = server_version >= 80100 ? SQL::Function.new(:ANY, :ind__indkey) : range.map{|x| SQL::Subscript.new(:ind__indkey, [x])}
+        ds = metadata_dataset.
+          from(:pg_class___tab).
+          join(:pg_index___ind, :indrelid=>:oid, im.call(table)=>:relname).
+          join(:pg_class___indc, :oid=>:indexrelid).
+          join(:pg_attribute___att, :attrelid=>:tab__oid, :attnum=>attnums).
+          filter(:indc__relkind=>'i', :ind__indisprimary=>false, :indexprs=>nil, :indpred=>nil).
+          order(:indc__relname, range.map{|x| [SQL::Subscript.new(:ind__indkey, [x]), x]}.case(32, :att__attnum)).
+          select(:indc__relname___name, :ind__indisunique___unique, :att__attname___column)
+        
+        ds.join!(:pg_namespace___nsp, :oid=>:tab__relnamespace, :nspname=>schema.to_s) if schema
+        ds.filter!(:indisvalid=>true) if server_version >= 80200
+        ds.filter!(:indisready=>true, :indcheckxmin=>false) if server_version >= 80300
+        
+        indexes = {}
+        ds.each do |r|
+          i = indexes[m.call(r[:name])] ||= {:columns=>[], :unique=>r[:unique]}
+          i[:columns] << m.call(r[:column])
+        end
+        indexes
+      end
+
+      # Dataset containing all current database locks 
+      def locks
+        dataset.from(:pg_class).join(:pg_locks, :relation=>:relfilenode).select(:pg_class__relname, Sequel::SQL::ColumnAll.new(:pg_locks))
+      end
+      
+      # Return primary key for the given table.
+      def primary_key(table, opts={})
+        quoted_table = quote_schema_table(table)
+        return @primary_keys[quoted_table] if @primary_keys.include?(quoted_table)
+        @primary_keys[quoted_table] = if conn = opts[:conn]
+          conn.primary_key(*schema_and_table(table))
+        else
+          synchronize(opts[:server]){|con| con.primary_key(*schema_and_table(table))}
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Return the sequence providing the default for the primary key for the given table.
+      def primary_key_sequence(table, opts={})
+        quoted_table = quote_schema_table(table)
+        return @primary_key_sequences[quoted_table] if @primary_key_sequences.include?(quoted_table)
+        @primary_key_sequences[quoted_table] = if conn = opts[:conn]
+          conn.sequence(*schema_and_table(table))
+        else
+          synchronize(opts[:server]){|con| con.sequence(*schema_and_table(table))}
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Reset the primary key sequence for the given table, baseing it on the
+      # maximum current value of the table's primary key.
+      def reset_primary_key_sequence(table)
+        pk = SQL::Identifier.new(primary_key(table))
+        return unless seq = primary_key_sequence(table)
+        db = self
+        seq_ds = db.from(seq.lit)
+        get{setval(seq, db[table].select{coalesce(max(pk)+seq_ds.select{:increment_by}, seq_ds.select(:min_value))}, false)}
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL uses SERIAL psuedo-type instead of AUTOINCREMENT for
+      # managing incrementing primary keys.
+      def serial_primary_key_options
+        {:primary_key => true, :serial => true, :type=>Integer}
+      end
+      
+      # The version of the PostgreSQL server, used for determining capability.
+      def server_version(server=nil)
+        return @server_version if @server_version
+        @server_version = synchronize(server) do |conn|
+          (conn.server_version rescue nil) if conn.respond_to?(:server_version)
+        end
+        unless @server_version
+          m = /PostgreSQL (\d+)\.(\d+)(?:(?:rc\d+)|\.(\d+))?/.match(fetch('SELECT version()').single_value)
+          @server_version = (m[1].to_i * 10000) + (m[2].to_i * 100) + m[3].to_i
+        end
+        @server_version
+      end
+      
+      # PostgreSQL supports savepoints
+      def supports_savepoints?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # Whether the given table exists in the database
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # * :schema - The schema to search (default_schema by default)
+      # * :server - The server to use
+      def table_exists?(table, opts={})
+        im = input_identifier_meth
+        schema, table = schema_and_table(table)
+        opts[:schema] ||= schema
+        tables(opts){|ds| !ds.first(:relname=>im.call(table)).nil?}
+      end
+      
+      # Array of symbols specifying table names in the current database.
+      # The dataset used is yielded to the block if one is provided,
+      # otherwise, an array of symbols of table names is returned.  
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # * :schema - The schema to search (default_schema by default)
+      # * :server - The server to use
+      def tables(opts={})
+        ds = metadata_dataset.from(:pg_class).filter(:relkind=>'r').select(:relname).exclude(SQL::StringExpression.like(:relname, SYSTEM_TABLE_REGEXP)).server(opts[:server]).join(:pg_namespace, :oid=>:relnamespace, :nspname=>(opts[:schema]||default_schema||'public').to_s) 
+        m = output_identifier_meth
+        block_given? ? yield(ds) : ds.map{|r| m.call(r[:relname])}
+      end
+
+      private
+      
+      # SQL statement to create database function.
+      def create_function_sql(name, definition, opts={})
+        args = opts[:args]
+        if !opts[:args].is_a?(Array) || !opts[:args].any?{|a| Array(a).length == 3 and %w'OUT INOUT'.include?(a[2].to_s)}
+          returns = opts[:returns] || 'void'
+        end
+        language = opts[:language] || 'SQL'
+        <<-END
+        CREATE#{' OR REPLACE' if opts[:replace]} FUNCTION #{name}#{sql_function_args(args)}
+        #{"RETURNS #{returns}" if returns}
+        LANGUAGE #{language}
+        #{opts[:behavior].to_s.upcase if opts[:behavior]}
+        #{'STRICT' if opts[:strict]}
+        #{'SECURITY DEFINER' if opts[:security_definer]}
+        #{"COST #{opts[:cost]}" if opts[:cost]}
+        #{"ROWS #{opts[:rows]}" if opts[:rows]}
+        #{opts[:set].map{|k,v| " SET #{k} = #{v}"}.join("\n") if opts[:set]}
+        AS #{literal(definition.to_s)}#{", #{literal(opts[:link_symbol].to_s)}" if opts[:link_symbol]}
+        END
+      end
+      
+      # SQL for creating a procedural language.
+      def create_language_sql(name, opts={})
+        "CREATE#{' TRUSTED' if opts[:trusted]} LANGUAGE #{name}#{" HANDLER #{opts[:handler]}" if opts[:handler]}#{" VALIDATOR #{opts[:validator]}" if opts[:validator]}"
+      end
+      
+      # SQL for creating a database trigger. 
+      def create_trigger_sql(table, name, function, opts={})
+        events = opts[:events] ? Array(opts[:events]) : [:insert, :update, :delete]
+        whence = opts[:after] ? 'AFTER' : 'BEFORE'
+        "CREATE TRIGGER #{name} #{whence} #{events.map{|e| e.to_s.upcase}.join(' OR ')} ON #{quote_schema_table(table)}#{' FOR EACH ROW' if opts[:each_row]} EXECUTE PROCEDURE #{function}(#{Array(opts[:args]).map{|a| literal(a)}.join(', ')})"
+      end
+      
+      # The errors that the main adapters can raise, depends on the adapter being used
+      def database_error_classes
+        CONVERTED_EXCEPTIONS
+      end
+      
+      # SQL for dropping a function from the database. 
+      def drop_function_sql(name, opts={})
+        "DROP FUNCTION#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{name}#{sql_function_args(opts[:args])}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
+      end
+      
+      # SQL for dropping a procedural language from the database.
+      def drop_language_sql(name, opts={})
+        "DROP LANGUAGE#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{name}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
+      end
+
+      # Always CASCADE the table drop
+      def drop_table_sql(name)
+        "DROP TABLE #{quote_schema_table(name)} CASCADE"
+      end
+      
+      # SQL for dropping a trigger from the database.
+      def drop_trigger_sql(table, name, opts={})
+        "DROP TRIGGER#{' IF EXISTS' if opts[:if_exists]} #{name} ON #{quote_schema_table(table)}#{' CASCADE' if opts[:cascade]}"
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL folds unquoted identifiers to lowercase, so it shouldn't need to upcase identifiers on input.
+      def identifier_input_method_default
+        nil
+      end
+      
+      # PostgreSQL folds unquoted identifiers to lowercase, so it shouldn't need to upcase identifiers on output.
+      def identifier_output_method_default
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL specific index SQL.
+      def index_definition_sql(table_name, index)
+        cols = index[:columns]
+        index_name = index[:name] || default_index_name(table_name, cols)
+        expr = if o = index[:opclass] 
+          "(#{Array(cols).map{|c| "#{literal(c)} #{o}"}.join(', ')})"
+        else
+          literal(Array(cols))
+        end
+        unique = "UNIQUE " if index[:unique]
+        index_type = index[:type]
+        filter = index[:where] || index[:filter]
+        filter = " WHERE #{filter_expr(filter)}" if filter
+        case index_type
+        when :full_text
+          expr = "(to_tsvector(#{literal(index[:language] || 'simple')}, #{dataset.send(:full_text_string_join, cols)}))"
+          index_type = :gin
+        when :spatial
+          index_type = :gist
+        end
+        "CREATE #{unique}INDEX #{quote_identifier(index_name)} ON #{quote_schema_table(table_name)} #{"USING #{index_type} " if index_type}#{expr}#{filter}"
+      end
+      
+      # The result of the insert for the given table and values.  If values
+      # is an array, assume the first column is the primary key and return
+      # that.  If values is a hash, lookup the primary key for the table.  If
+      # the primary key is present in the hash, return its value.  Otherwise,
+      # look up the sequence for the table's primary key.  If one exists,
+      # return the last value the of the sequence for the connection.
+      def insert_result(conn, table, values)
+        case values
+        when Hash
+          return nil unless pk = primary_key(table, :conn=>conn)
+          if pk and pkv = values[pk.to_sym]
+            pkv
+          else
+            begin
+              if seq = primary_key_sequence(table, :conn=>conn)
+                conn.last_insert_id(seq)
+              end
+            rescue Exception => e
+              raise_error(e, :classes=>CONVERTED_EXCEPTIONS) unless RE_CURRVAL_ERROR.match(e.message)
+            end
+          end
+        when Array
+          values.first
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Don't log, since logging is done by the underlying connection.
+      def log_connection_execute(conn, sql) 
+        conn.execute(sql)
+      end
+      
+      # Use a dollar sign instead of question mark for the argument
+      # placeholder.
+      def prepared_arg_placeholder
+        PREPARED_ARG_PLACEHOLDER
+      end
+      
+      # SQL DDL statement for renaming a table. PostgreSQL doesn't allow you to change a table's schema in
+      # a rename table operation, so speciying a new schema in new_name will not have an effect.
+      def rename_table_sql(name, new_name)
+        "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(name)} RENAME TO #{quote_identifier(schema_and_table(new_name).last)}"
+      end 
+
+      # PostgreSQL's autoincrementing primary keys are of type integer or bigint
+      # using a nextval function call as a default.
+      def schema_autoincrementing_primary_key?(schema)
+        super and schema[:db_type] =~ /\A(?:integer|bigint)\z/io and schema[:default]=~/\Anextval/io
+      end
+
+      # The dataset used for parsing table schemas, using the pg_* system catalogs.
+      def schema_parse_table(table_name, opts)
+        m = output_identifier_meth
+        m2 = input_identifier_meth
+        ds = metadata_dataset.select(:pg_attribute__attname___name,
+            SQL::Function.new(:format_type, :pg_type__oid, :pg_attribute__atttypmod).as(:db_type),
+            SQL::Function.new(:pg_get_expr, :pg_attrdef__adbin, :pg_class__oid).as(:default),
+            SQL::BooleanExpression.new(:NOT, :pg_attribute__attnotnull).as(:allow_null),
+            SQL::Function.new(:COALESCE, SQL::BooleanExpression.from_value_pairs(:pg_attribute__attnum => SQL::Function.new(:ANY, :pg_index__indkey)), false).as(:primary_key)).
+          from(:pg_class).
+          join(:pg_attribute, :attrelid=>:oid).
+          join(:pg_type, :oid=>:atttypid).
+          left_outer_join(:pg_attrdef, :adrelid=>:pg_class__oid, :adnum=>:pg_attribute__attnum).
+          left_outer_join(:pg_index, :indrelid=>:pg_class__oid, :indisprimary=>true).
+          filter(:pg_attribute__attisdropped=>false).
+          filter{|o| o.pg_attribute__attnum > 0}.
+          filter(:pg_class__relname=>m2.call(table_name)).
+          order(:pg_attribute__attnum)
+        ds.join!(:pg_namespace, :oid=>:pg_class__relnamespace, :nspname=>(opts[:schema] || default_schema).to_s) if opts[:schema] || default_schema
+        ds.map do |row|
+          row[:default] = nil if blank_object?(row[:default])
+          row[:type] = schema_column_type(row[:db_type])
+          [m.call(row.delete(:name)), row]
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Turns an array of argument specifiers into an SQL fragment used for function arguments.  See create_function_sql.
+      def sql_function_args(args)
+        "(#{Array(args).map{|a| Array(a).reverse.join(' ')}.join(', ')})"
+      end
+      
+      # Handle bigserial type if :serial option is present
+      def type_literal_generic_bignum(column)
+        column[:serial] ? :bigserial : super
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL uses the bytea data type for blobs
+      def type_literal_generic_file(column)
+        :bytea
+      end
+
+      # Handle serial type if :serial option is present
+      def type_literal_generic_integer(column)
+        column[:serial] ? :serial : super
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL prefers the text datatype.  If a fixed size is requested,
+      # the char type is used.  If the text type is specifically
+      # disallowed or there is a size specified, use the varchar type.
+      # Otherwise use the type type.
+      def type_literal_generic_string(column)
+        if column[:fixed]
+          "char(#{column[:size]||255})"
+        elsif column[:text] == false or column[:size]
+          "varchar(#{column[:size]||255})"
+        else
+          :text
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Instance methods for datasets that connect to a PostgreSQL database.
+    module DatasetMethods
+      ACCESS_SHARE = 'ACCESS SHARE'.freeze
+      ACCESS_EXCLUSIVE = 'ACCESS EXCLUSIVE'.freeze
+      BOOL_FALSE = 'false'.freeze
+      BOOL_TRUE = 'true'.freeze
+      COMMA_SEPARATOR = ', '.freeze
+      DELETE_CLAUSE_METHODS = Dataset.clause_methods(:delete, %w'from using where')
+      EXCLUSIVE = 'EXCLUSIVE'.freeze
+      EXPLAIN = 'EXPLAIN '.freeze
+      EXPLAIN_ANALYZE = 'EXPLAIN ANALYZE '.freeze
+      FOR_SHARE = ' FOR SHARE'.freeze
+      LOCK = 'LOCK TABLE %s IN %s MODE'.freeze
+      NULL = LiteralString.new('NULL').freeze
+      PG_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = "TIMESTAMP '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S".freeze
+      QUERY_PLAN = 'QUERY PLAN'.to_sym
+      ROW_EXCLUSIVE = 'ROW EXCLUSIVE'.freeze
+      ROW_SHARE = 'ROW SHARE'.freeze
+      SELECT_CLAUSE_METHODS = Dataset.clause_methods(:select, %w'distinct columns from join where group having compounds order limit lock')
+      SELECT_CLAUSE_METHODS_84 = Dataset.clause_methods(:select, %w'with distinct columns from join where group having window compounds order limit lock')
+      SHARE = 'SHARE'.freeze
+      SHARE_ROW_EXCLUSIVE = 'SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE'.freeze
+      SHARE_UPDATE_EXCLUSIVE = 'SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE'.freeze
+      SQL_WITH_RECURSIVE = "WITH RECURSIVE ".freeze
+      UPDATE_CLAUSE_METHODS = Dataset.clause_methods(:update, %w'table set from where')
+      
+      # Shared methods for prepared statements when used with PostgreSQL databases.
+      module PreparedStatementMethods
+        # Override insert action to use RETURNING if the server supports it.
+        def prepared_sql
+          return @prepared_sql if @prepared_sql
+          super
+          if @prepared_type == :insert and !@opts[:disable_insert_returning] and server_version >= 80200
+            @prepared_sql = insert_returning_pk_sql(*@prepared_modify_values)
+            meta_def(:insert_returning_pk_sql){|*args| prepared_sql}
+          end
+          @prepared_sql
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Add the disable_insert_returning! mutation method
+      def self.extended(obj)
+        obj.def_mutation_method(:disable_insert_returning)
+      end
+
+      # Add the disable_insert_returning! mutation method
+      def self.included(mod)
+        mod.def_mutation_method(:disable_insert_returning)
+      end
+
+      # Return the results of an ANALYZE query as a string
+      def analyze
+        explain(:analyze=>true)
+      end
+      
+      # Disable the use of INSERT RETURNING, even if the server supports it
+      def disable_insert_returning
+        clone(:disable_insert_returning=>true)
+      end
+
+      # Return the results of an EXPLAIN query as a string
+      def explain(opts={})
+        with_sql((opts[:analyze] ? EXPLAIN_ANALYZE : EXPLAIN) + select_sql).map(QUERY_PLAN).join("\r\n")
+      end
+      
+      # Return a cloned dataset which will use FOR SHARE to lock returned rows.
+      def for_share
+        lock_style(:share)
+      end
+      
+      # PostgreSQL specific full text search syntax, using tsearch2 (included
+      # in 8.3 by default, and available for earlier versions as an add-on).
+      def full_text_search(cols, terms, opts = {})
+        lang = opts[:language] || 'simple'
+        filter("to_tsvector(#{literal(lang)}, #{full_text_string_join(cols)}) @@ to_tsquery(#{literal(lang)}, #{literal(Array(terms).join(' | '))})")
+      end
+      
+      # Insert given values into the database.
+      def insert(*values)
+        if @opts[:sql]
+          execute_insert(insert_sql(*values))
+        elsif @opts[:disable_insert_returning] || server_version < 80200
+          execute_insert(insert_sql(*values), :table=>opts[:from].first, :values=>values.size == 1 ? values.first : values)
+        else
+          clone(default_server_opts(:sql=>insert_returning_pk_sql(*values))).single_value
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Use the RETURNING clause to return the columns listed in returning.
+      def insert_returning_sql(returning, *values)
+        "#{insert_sql(*values)} RETURNING #{column_list(Array(returning))}"
+      end
+
+      # Insert a record returning the record inserted
+      def insert_select(*values)
+        return if opts[:disable_insert_returning] || server_version < 80200
+        naked.clone(default_server_opts(:sql=>insert_returning_sql(nil, *values))).single_record
+      end
+
+      # Locks all tables in the dataset's FROM clause (but not in JOINs) with
+      # the specified mode (e.g. 'EXCLUSIVE').  If a block is given, starts
+      # a new transaction, locks the table, and yields.  If a block is not given
+      # just locks the tables.  Note that PostgreSQL will probably raise an error
+      # if you lock the table outside of an existing transaction.  Returns nil.
+      def lock(mode, opts={})
+        if block_given? # perform locking inside a transaction and yield to block
+          @db.transaction(opts){lock(mode, opts); yield}
+        else
+          @db.execute(LOCK % [source_list(@opts[:from]), mode], opts) # lock without a transaction
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+      
+      # For PostgreSQL version > 8.2, allow inserting multiple rows at once.
+      def multi_insert_sql(columns, values)
+        return super if server_version < 80200
+        
+        # postgresql 8.2 introduces support for multi-row insert
+        [insert_sql(columns, LiteralString.new('VALUES ' + values.map {|r| literal(Array(r))}.join(COMMA_SEPARATOR)))]
+      end
+      
+      # DISTINCT ON is a PostgreSQL extension
+      def supports_distinct_on?
+        true
+      end
+      
+      # PostgreSQL supports modifying joined datasets
+      def supports_modifying_joins?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL supports timezones in literal timestamps
+      def supports_timestamp_timezones?
+        true
+      end
+      
+      # PostgreSQL 8.4+ supports window functions
+      def supports_window_functions?
+        server_version >= 80400
+      end
+
+      # Return a clone of the dataset with an addition named window that can be referenced in window functions.
+      def window(name, opts)
+        clone(:window=>(@opts[:window]||[]) + [[name, SQL::Window.new(opts)]])
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      # PostgreSQL allows deleting from joined datasets
+      def delete_clause_methods
+        DELETE_CLAUSE_METHODS
+      end 
+
+      # Only include the primary table in the main delete clause
+      def delete_from_sql(sql)
+        sql << " FROM #{source_list(@opts[:from][0..0])}"
+      end
+
+      # Use USING to specify additional tables in a delete query
+      def delete_using_sql(sql)
+        join_from_sql(:USING, sql)
+      end
+
+      # Use the RETURNING clause to return the primary key of the inserted record, if it exists
+      def insert_returning_pk_sql(*values)
+        pk = db.primary_key(opts[:from].first) if opts[:from] && !opts[:from].empty?
+        insert_returning_sql(pk ? Sequel::SQL::Identifier.new(pk) : NULL, *values)
+      end
+      
+      # For multiple table support, PostgreSQL requires at least
+      # two from tables, with joins allowed.
+      def join_from_sql(type, sql)
+        if(from = @opts[:from][1..-1]).empty?
+          raise(Error, 'Need multiple FROM tables if updating/deleting a dataset with JOINs') if @opts[:join]
+        else
+          sql << " #{type} #{source_list(from)}"
+          select_join_sql(sql)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Use a generic blob quoting method, hopefully overridden in one of the subadapter methods
+      def literal_blob(v)
+        "'#{v.gsub(/[\000-\037\047\134\177-\377]/){|b| "\\#{("%o" % b[0..1].unpack("C")[0]).rjust(3, '0')}"}}'"
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL uses FALSE for false values
+      def literal_false
+        BOOL_FALSE
+      end
+
+      # Assume that SQL standard quoting is on, per Sequel's defaults
+      def literal_string(v)
+        "'#{v.gsub("'", "''")}'"
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL uses FALSE for false values
+      def literal_true
+        BOOL_TRUE
+      end
+
+      # The order of clauses in the SELECT SQL statement
+      def select_clause_methods
+        server_version >= 80400 ? SELECT_CLAUSE_METHODS_84 : SELECT_CLAUSE_METHODS
+      end
+      
+      # Support FOR SHARE locking when using the :share lock style.
+      def select_lock_sql(sql)
+        @opts[:lock] == :share ? (sql << FOR_SHARE) : super
+      end
+
+      # SQL fragment for named window specifications
+      def select_window_sql(sql)
+        sql << " WINDOW #{@opts[:window].map{|name, window| "#{literal(name)} AS #{literal(window)}"}.join(', ')}" if @opts[:window]
+      end
+      
+      # Use WITH RECURSIVE instead of WITH if any of the CTEs is recursive
+      def select_with_sql_base
+        opts[:with].any?{|w| w[:recursive]} ? SQL_WITH_RECURSIVE : super
+      end
+      
+      # The version of the database server
+      def server_version
+        db.server_version(@opts[:server])
+      end
+
+      # Concatenate the expressions with a space in between
+      def full_text_string_join(cols)
+        cols = Array(cols).map{|x| SQL::Function.new(:COALESCE, x, '')}
+        cols = cols.zip([' '] * cols.length).flatten
+        cols.pop
+        literal(SQL::StringExpression.new(:'||', *cols))
+      end
+
+      # PostgreSQL splits the main table from the joined tables
+      def update_clause_methods
+        UPDATE_CLAUSE_METHODS
+      end
+
+      # Use FROM to specify additional tables in an update query
+      def update_from_sql(sql)
+        join_from_sql(:FROM, sql)
+      end
+
+      # Only include the primary table in the main update clause
+      def update_table_sql(sql)
+        sql << " #{source_list(@opts[:from][0..0])}"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end