unicorn-simon 0.0.1

data/examples/unicorn.conf.minimal.rb

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+# Minimal sample configuration file for Unicorn (not Rack) when used
+# with daemonization (unicorn -D) started in your working directory.
+#
+# See https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html for complete
+# documentation.
+# See also https://bogomips.org/unicorn/examples/unicorn.conf.rb for
+# a more verbose configuration using more features.
+
+listen 2007 # by default Unicorn listens on port 8080
+worker_processes 2 # this should be >= nr_cpus
+pid "/path/to/app/shared/pids/unicorn.pid"
+stderr_path "/path/to/app/shared/log/unicorn.log"
+stdout_path "/path/to/app/shared/log/unicorn.log"

data/examples/unicorn.conf.rb

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+# Sample verbose configuration file for Unicorn (not Rack)
+#
+# This configuration file documents many features of Unicorn
+# that may not be needed for some applications. See
+# https://bogomips.org/unicorn/examples/unicorn.conf.minimal.rb
+# for a much simpler configuration file.
+#
+# See https://bogomips.org/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html for complete
+# documentation.
+
+# Use at least one worker per core if you're on a dedicated server,
+# more will usually help for _short_ waits on databases/caches.
+worker_processes 4
+
+# Since Unicorn is never exposed to outside clients, it does not need to
+# run on the standard HTTP port (80), there is no reason to start Unicorn
+# as root unless it's from system init scripts.
+# If running the master process as root and the workers as an unprivileged
+# user, do this to switch euid/egid in the workers (also chowns logs):
+# user "unprivileged_user", "unprivileged_group"
+
+# Help ensure your application will always spawn in the symlinked
+# "current" directory that Capistrano sets up.
+working_directory "/path/to/app/current" # available in 0.94.0+
+
+# listen on both a Unix domain socket and a TCP port,
+# we use a shorter backlog for quicker failover when busy
+listen "/path/to/.unicorn.sock", :backlog => 64
+listen 8080, :tcp_nopush => true
+
+# nuke workers after 30 seconds instead of 60 seconds (the default)
+timeout 30
+
+# feel free to point this anywhere accessible on the filesystem
+pid "/path/to/app/shared/pids/unicorn.pid"
+
+# By default, the Unicorn logger will write to stderr.
+# Additionally, ome applications/frameworks log to stderr or stdout,
+# so prevent them from going to /dev/null when daemonized here:
+stderr_path "/path/to/app/shared/log/unicorn.stderr.log"
+stdout_path "/path/to/app/shared/log/unicorn.stdout.log"
+
+# combine Ruby 2.0.0+ with "preload_app true" for memory savings
+preload_app true
+
+# Enable this flag to have unicorn test client connections by writing the
+# beginning of the HTTP headers before calling the application.  This
+# prevents calling the application for connections that have disconnected
+# while queued.  This is only guaranteed to detect clients on the same
+# host unicorn runs on, and unlikely to detect disconnects even on a
+# fast LAN.
+check_client_connection false
+
+# local variable to guard against running a hook multiple times
+run_once = true
+
+before_fork do |server, worker|
+  # the following is highly recomended for Rails + "preload_app true"
+  # as there's no need for the master process to hold a connection
+  defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect!
+
+  # Occasionally, it may be necessary to run non-idempotent code in the
+  # master before forking.  Keep in mind the above disconnect! example
+  # is idempotent and does not need a guard.
+  if run_once
+    # do_something_once_here ...
+    run_once = false # prevent from firing again
+  end
+
+  # The following is only recommended for memory/DB-constrained
+  # installations.  It is not needed if your system can house
+  # twice as many worker_processes as you have configured.
+  #
+  # # This allows a new master process to incrementally
+  # # phase out the old master process with SIGTTOU to avoid a
+  # # thundering herd (especially in the "preload_app false" case)
+  # # when doing a transparent upgrade.  The last worker spawned
+  # # will then kill off the old master process with a SIGQUIT.
+  # old_pid = "#{server.config[:pid]}.oldbin"
+  # if old_pid != server.pid
+  #   begin
+  #     sig = (worker.nr + 1) >= server.worker_processes ? :QUIT : :TTOU
+  #     Process.kill(sig, File.read(old_pid).to_i)
+  #   rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH
+  #   end
+  # end
+  #
+  # Throttle the master from forking too quickly by sleeping.  Due
+  # to the implementation of standard Unix signal handlers, this
+  # helps (but does not completely) prevent identical, repeated signals
+  # from being lost when the receiving process is busy.
+  # sleep 1
+end
+
+after_fork do |server, worker|
+  # per-process listener ports for debugging/admin/migrations
+  # addr = "127.0.0.1:#{9293 + worker.nr}"
+  # server.listen(addr, :tries => -1, :delay => 5, :tcp_nopush => true)
+
+  # the following is *required* for Rails + "preload_app true",
+  defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and
+    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
+
+  # if preload_app is true, then you may also want to check and
+  # restart any other shared sockets/descriptors such as Memcached,
+  # and Redis.  TokyoCabinet file handles are safe to reuse
+  # between any number of forked children (assuming your kernel
+  # correctly implements pread()/pwrite() system calls)
+end

data/examples/unicorn.socket

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+# ==> /etc/systemd/system/unicorn.socket <==
+[Unit]
+Description = unicorn sockets
+
+[Socket]
+ListenStream = 127.0.0.1:8080
+ListenStream = /tmp/path/to/.unicorn.sock
+Service = unicorn@1.service
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy = sockets.target

data/examples/unicorn@.service

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+# ==> /etc/systemd/system/unicorn@.service <==
+# Since SIGUSR2 upgrades do not work under systemd, this service file
+# allows starting two simultaneous services during upgrade time
+# (e.g. unicorn@1 unicorn@2) with the intention that they take
+# turns running in-between upgrades.  This should allow upgrading
+# without downtime.
+
+[Unit]
+Description = unicorn Rack application server %i
+Wants = unicorn.socket
+After = unicorn.socket
+
+[Service]
+# bundler users must use the "--keep-file-descriptors" switch, here:
+# ExecStart = bundle exec --keep-file-descriptors unicorn -c ...
+ExecStart = /usr/bin/unicorn -c /path/to/unicorn.conf.rb /path/to/config.ru
+Sockets = unicorn.socket
+KillSignal = SIGQUIT
+User = nobody
+Group = nogroup
+ExecReload = /bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
+
+# This is based on the Unicorn::Configurator#timeout directive,
+# adding a few seconds for scheduling differences:
+TimeoutStopSec = 62
+
+# Only kill the master process, it may be harmful to signal
+# workers via default "control-group" setting since some
+# Ruby extensions and applications misbehave on interrupts
+KillMode = process
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy = multi-user.target

data/ext/unicorn_http/CFLAGS

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+# CFLAGS used for development (gcc-dependent)
+# source this file if you want/need them
+CFLAGS=
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wall"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wwrite-strings"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wdeclaration-after-statement"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wcast-qual"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wstrict-prototypes"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wshadow"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wextra"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-deprecated-declarations"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Waggregate-return"
+CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wchar-subscripts"

data/ext/unicorn_http/c_util.h

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+/*
+ * Generic C functions and macros go here, there are no dependencies
+ * on Unicorn internal structures or the Ruby C API in here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef UH_util_h
+#define UH_util_h
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define MIN(a,b) (a < b ? a : b)
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
+#ifndef SIZEOF_OFF_T
+#  define SIZEOF_OFF_T 4
+#  warning SIZEOF_OFF_T not defined, guessing 4.  Did you run extconf.rb?
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T == 4
+#  define UH_OFF_T_MAX 0x7fffffff
+#elif SIZEOF_OFF_T == 8
+#  if SIZEOF_LONG == 4
+#    define UH_OFF_T_MAX 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#  else
+#    define UH_OFF_T_MAX 0x7fffffffffffffff
+#  endif
+#else
+#  error off_t size unknown for this platform!
+#endif /* SIZEOF_OFF_T check */
+
+/*
+ * ragel enforces fpc as a const, and merely casting can make picky
+ * compilers unhappy, so we have this little helper do our dirty work
+ */
+static inline void *deconst(const void *in)
+{
+  union { const void *in; void *out; } tmp;
+
+  tmp.in = in;
+
+  return tmp.out;
+}
+
+/*
+ * capitalizes all lower-case ASCII characters and converts dashes
+ * to underscores for HTTP headers.  Locale-agnostic.
+ */
+static void snake_upcase_char(char *c)
+{
+  if (*c >= 'a' && *c <= 'z')
+    *c &= ~0x20;
+  else if (*c == '-')
+    *c = '_';
+}
+
+/* Downcases a single ASCII character.  Locale-agnostic. */
+static void downcase_char(char *c)
+{
+  if (*c >= 'A' && *c <= 'Z')
+    *c |= 0x20;
+}
+
+static int hexchar2int(int xdigit)
+{
+  if (xdigit >= 'A' && xdigit <= 'F')
+    return xdigit - 'A' + 10;
+  if (xdigit >= 'a' && xdigit <= 'f')
+    return xdigit - 'a' + 10;
+
+  /* Ragel already does runtime range checking for us in Unicorn: */
+  assert(xdigit >= '0' && xdigit <= '9' && "invalid digit character");
+
+  return xdigit - '0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * multiplies +i+ by +base+ and increments the result by the parsed
+ * integer value of +xdigit+.  +xdigit+ is a character byte
+ * representing a number the range of 0..(base-1)
+ * returns the new value of +i+ on success
+ * returns -1 on errors (including overflow)
+ */
+static off_t step_incr(off_t i, int xdigit, const int base)
+{
+  static const off_t max = UH_OFF_T_MAX;
+  const off_t next_max = (max - (max % base)) / base;
+  off_t offset = hexchar2int(xdigit);
+
+  if (offset > (base - 1))
+    return -1;
+  if (i > next_max)
+    return -1;
+  i *= base;
+
+  if ((offset > (base - 1)) || ((max - i) < offset))
+    return -1;
+
+  return i + offset;
+}
+
+/*
+ * parses a non-negative length according to base-10 and
+ * returns it as an off_t value.  Returns -1 on errors
+ * (including overflow).
+ */
+static off_t parse_length(const char *value, size_t length)
+{
+  off_t rv;
+
+  for (rv = 0; length-- && rv >= 0; ++value) {
+    if (*value >= '0' && *value <= '9')
+      rv = step_incr(rv, *value, 10);
+    else
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+#define CONST_MEM_EQ(const_p, buf, len) \
+  ((sizeof(const_p) - 1) == len && !memcmp(const_p, buf, sizeof(const_p) - 1))
+
+#endif /* UH_util_h */

data/ext/unicorn_http/common_field_optimization.h

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+#ifndef common_field_optimization
+#define common_field_optimization
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "c_util.h"
+
+struct common_field {
+  const signed long len;
+  const char *name;
+  VALUE value;
+};
+
+/*
+ * A list of common HTTP headers we expect to receive.
+ * This allows us to avoid repeatedly creating identical string
+ * objects to be used with rb_hash_aset().
+ */
+static struct common_field common_http_fields[] = {
+# define f(N) { (sizeof(N) - 1), N, Qnil }
+  f("ACCEPT"),
+  f("ACCEPT_CHARSET"),
+  f("ACCEPT_ENCODING"),
+  f("ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"),
+  f("ALLOW"),
+  f("AUTHORIZATION"),
+  f("CACHE_CONTROL"),
+  f("CONNECTION"),
+  f("CONTENT_ENCODING"),
+  f("CONTENT_LENGTH"),
+  f("CONTENT_TYPE"),
+  f("COOKIE"),
+  f("DATE"),
+  f("EXPECT"),
+  f("FROM"),
+  f("HOST"),
+  f("IF_MATCH"),
+  f("IF_MODIFIED_SINCE"),
+  f("IF_NONE_MATCH"),
+  f("IF_RANGE"),
+  f("IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE"),
+  f("KEEP_ALIVE"), /* Firefox sends this */
+  f("MAX_FORWARDS"),
+  f("PRAGMA"),
+  f("PROXY_AUTHORIZATION"),
+  f("RANGE"),
+  f("REFERER"),
+  f("TE"),
+  f("TRAILER"),
+  f("TRANSFER_ENCODING"),
+  f("UPGRADE"),
+  f("USER_AGENT"),
+  f("VIA"),
+  f("X_FORWARDED_FOR"), /* common for proxies */
+  f("X_FORWARDED_PROTO"), /* common for proxies */
+  f("X_REAL_IP"), /* common for proxies */
+  f("WARNING")
+# undef f
+};
+
+#define HTTP_PREFIX "HTTP_"
+#define HTTP_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(HTTP_PREFIX) - 1)
+
+/* this function is not performance-critical, called only at load time */
+static void init_common_fields(void)
+{
+  int i;
+  struct common_field *cf = common_http_fields;
+  char tmp[64];
+  memcpy(tmp, HTTP_PREFIX, HTTP_PREFIX_LEN);
+
+  for(i = ARRAY_SIZE(common_http_fields); --i >= 0; cf++) {
+    /* Rack doesn't like certain headers prefixed with "HTTP_" */
+    if (!strcmp("CONTENT_LENGTH", cf->name) ||
+        !strcmp("CONTENT_TYPE", cf->name)) {
+      cf->value = rb_str_new(cf->name, cf->len);
+    } else {
+      memcpy(tmp + HTTP_PREFIX_LEN, cf->name, cf->len + 1);
+      cf->value = rb_str_new(tmp, HTTP_PREFIX_LEN + cf->len);
+    }
+    cf->value = rb_obj_freeze(cf->value);
+    rb_global_variable(&cf->value);
+  }
+}
+
+/* this function is called for every header set */
+static VALUE find_common_field(const char *field, size_t flen)
+{
+  int i;
+  struct common_field *cf = common_http_fields;
+
+  for(i = ARRAY_SIZE(common_http_fields); --i >= 0; cf++) {
+    if (cf->len == (long)flen && !memcmp(cf->name, field, flen))
+      return cf->value;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We got a strange header that we don't have a memoized value for.
+ * Fallback to creating a new string to use as a hash key.
+ */
+static VALUE uncommon_field(const char *field, size_t flen)
+{
+  VALUE f = rb_str_new(NULL, HTTP_PREFIX_LEN + flen);
+  memcpy(RSTRING_PTR(f), HTTP_PREFIX, HTTP_PREFIX_LEN);
+  memcpy(RSTRING_PTR(f) + HTTP_PREFIX_LEN, field, flen);
+  assert(*(RSTRING_PTR(f) + RSTRING_LEN(f)) == '\0' &&
+         "string didn't end with \\0"); /* paranoia */
+  return rb_obj_freeze(f);
+}
+
+#endif /* common_field_optimization_h */

data/ext/unicorn_http/ext_help.h

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#ifndef ext_help_h
+#define ext_help_h
+
+/* not all Ruby implementations support frozen objects (Rubinius does not) */
+#if defined(OBJ_FROZEN)
+#  define assert_frozen(f) assert(OBJ_FROZEN(f) && "unfrozen object")
+#else
+#  define assert_frozen(f) do {} while (0)
+#endif /* !defined(OBJ_FROZEN) */
+
+#if !defined(OFFT2NUM)
+#  if SIZEOF_OFF_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+#    define OFFT2NUM(n) LONG2NUM(n)
+#  else
+#    define OFFT2NUM(n) LL2NUM(n)
+#  endif
+#endif /* ! defined(OFFT2NUM) */
+
+#if !defined(SIZET2NUM)
+#  if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+#    define SIZET2NUM(n) ULONG2NUM(n)
+#  else
+#    define SIZET2NUM(n) ULL2NUM(n)
+#  endif
+#endif /* ! defined(SIZET2NUM) */
+
+#if !defined(NUM2SIZET)
+#  if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG
+#    define NUM2SIZET(n) ((size_t)NUM2ULONG(n))
+#  else
+#    define NUM2SIZET(n) ((size_t)NUM2ULL(n))
+#  endif
+#endif /* ! defined(NUM2SIZET) */
+
+static inline int str_cstr_eq(VALUE val, const char *ptr, long len)
+{
+  return (RSTRING_LEN(val) == len && !memcmp(ptr, RSTRING_PTR(val), len));
+}
+
+#define STR_CSTR_EQ(val, const_str) \
+  str_cstr_eq(val, const_str, sizeof(const_str) - 1)
+
+/* strcasecmp isn't locale independent */
+static int str_cstr_case_eq(VALUE val, const char *ptr, long len)
+{
+  if (RSTRING_LEN(val) == len) {
+    const char *v = RSTRING_PTR(val);
+
+    for (; len--; ++ptr, ++v) {
+      if ((*ptr == *v) || (*v >= 'A' && *v <= 'Z' && (*v | 0x20) == *ptr))
+        continue;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define STR_CSTR_CASE_EQ(val, const_str) \
+  str_cstr_case_eq(val, const_str, sizeof(const_str) - 1)
+
+#endif /* ext_help_h */

data/ext/unicorn_http/extconf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# -*- encoding: binary -*-
+require 'mkmf'
+
+have_macro("SIZEOF_OFF_T", "ruby.h") or check_sizeof("off_t", "sys/types.h")
+have_macro("SIZEOF_SIZE_T", "ruby.h") or check_sizeof("size_t", "sys/types.h")
+have_macro("SIZEOF_LONG", "ruby.h") or check_sizeof("long", "sys/types.h")
+have_func("rb_str_set_len", "ruby.h") or abort 'Ruby 1.9.3+ required'
+have_func("rb_hash_clear", "ruby.h") # Ruby 2.0+
+have_func("gmtime_r", "time.h")
+
+create_makefile("unicorn_http")

data/ext/unicorn_http/global_variables.h

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#ifndef global_variables_h
+#define global_variables_h
+static VALUE eHttpParserError;
+static VALUE e413;
+static VALUE e414;
+
+static VALUE g_rack_url_scheme;
+static VALUE g_request_method;
+static VALUE g_request_uri;
+static VALUE g_fragment;
+static VALUE g_query_string;
+static VALUE g_http_version;
+static VALUE g_request_path;
+static VALUE g_path_info;
+static VALUE g_server_name;
+static VALUE g_server_port;
+static VALUE g_server_protocol;
+static VALUE g_http_host;
+static VALUE g_http_x_forwarded_proto;
+static VALUE g_http_x_forwarded_ssl;
+static VALUE g_http_transfer_encoding;
+static VALUE g_content_length;
+static VALUE g_http_trailer;
+static VALUE g_http_connection;
+static VALUE g_port_80;
+static VALUE g_port_443;
+static VALUE g_localhost;
+static VALUE g_http;
+static VALUE g_https;
+static VALUE g_http_09;
+static VALUE g_http_10;
+static VALUE g_http_11;
+
+/** Defines common length and error messages for input length validation. */
+#define DEF_MAX_LENGTH(N, length) \
+  static const size_t MAX_##N##_LENGTH = length; \
+  static const char * const MAX_##N##_LENGTH_ERR = \
+    "HTTP element " # N  " is longer than the " # length " allowed length."
+
+NORETURN(static void parser_raise(VALUE klass, const char *));
+
+/**
+ * Validates the max length of given input and throws an HttpParserError
+ * exception if over.
+ */
+#define VALIDATE_MAX_LENGTH(len, N) do { \
+  if (len > MAX_##N##_LENGTH) \
+    parser_raise(eHttpParserError, MAX_##N##_LENGTH_ERR); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define VALIDATE_MAX_URI_LENGTH(len, N) do { \
+  if (len > MAX_##N##_LENGTH) \
+    parser_raise(e414, MAX_##N##_LENGTH_ERR); \
+} while (0)
+
+/** Defines global strings in the init method. */
+#define DEF_GLOBAL(N, val) do { \
+  g_##N = rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new(val, sizeof(val) - 1)); \
+  rb_global_variable(&g_##N); \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Defines the maximum allowed lengths for various input elements.*/
+DEF_MAX_LENGTH(FIELD_NAME, 256);
+DEF_MAX_LENGTH(FIELD_VALUE, 80 * 1024);
+DEF_MAX_LENGTH(REQUEST_URI, 1024 * 15);
+DEF_MAX_LENGTH(FRAGMENT, 1024); /* Don't know if this length is specified somewhere or not */
+DEF_MAX_LENGTH(REQUEST_PATH, 4096); /* common PATH_MAX on modern systems */
+DEF_MAX_LENGTH(QUERY_STRING, (1024 * 10));
+
+static void init_globals(void)
+{
+  DEF_GLOBAL(rack_url_scheme, "rack.url_scheme");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(request_method, "REQUEST_METHOD");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(request_uri, "REQUEST_URI");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(query_string, "QUERY_STRING");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http_version, "HTTP_VERSION");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(request_path, "REQUEST_PATH");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(path_info, "PATH_INFO");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(server_name, "SERVER_NAME");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(server_port, "SERVER_PORT");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(server_protocol, "SERVER_PROTOCOL");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http_x_forwarded_proto, "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http_x_forwarded_ssl, "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(port_80, "80");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(port_443, "443");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(localhost, "localhost");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http, "http");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(https, "https");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http_11, "HTTP/1.1");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http_10, "HTTP/1.0");
+  DEF_GLOBAL(http_09, "HTTP/0.9");
+}
+
+#undef DEF_GLOBAL
+
+#endif /* global_variables_h */

data/ext/unicorn_http/httpdate.c

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+static const size_t buf_capa = sizeof("Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT");
+static VALUE buf;
+static char *buf_ptr;
+static const char week[] = "Sun\0Mon\0Tue\0Wed\0Thu\0Fri\0Sat";
+static const char months[] = "Jan\0Feb\0Mar\0Apr\0May\0Jun\0"
+                             "Jul\0Aug\0Sep\0Oct\0Nov\0Dec";
+
+/* for people on wonky systems only */
+#ifndef HAVE_GMTIME_R
+static struct tm * my_gmtime_r(time_t *now, struct tm *tm)
+{
+	struct tm *global = gmtime(now);
+	if (global)
+		*tm = *global;
+	return tm;
+}
+#  define gmtime_r my_gmtime_r
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Returns a string which represents the time as rfc1123-date of HTTP-date
+ * defined by RFC 2616:
+ *
+ *   day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss GMT
+ *
+ * Note that the result is always GMT.
+ *
+ * This method is identical to Time#httpdate in the Ruby standard library,
+ * except it is implemented in C for performance.  We always saw
+ * Time#httpdate at or near the top of the profiler output so we
+ * decided to rewrite this in C.
+ *
+ * Caveats: it relies on a Ruby implementation with the global VM lock,
+ * a thread-safe version will be provided when a Unix-only, GVL-free Ruby
+ * implementation becomes viable.
+ */
+static VALUE httpdate(VALUE self)
+{
+	static time_t last;
+	time_t now = time(NULL); /* not a syscall on modern 64-bit systems */
+	struct tm tm;
+
+	if (last == now)
+		return buf;
+	last = now;
+	gmtime_r(&now, &tm);
+
+	/* we can make this thread-safe later if our Ruby loses the GVL */
+	snprintf(buf_ptr, buf_capa,
+	         "%s, %02d %s %4d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
+	         week + (tm.tm_wday * 4),
+	         tm.tm_mday,
+	         months + (tm.tm_mon * 4),
+	         tm.tm_year + 1900,
+	         tm.tm_hour,
+	         tm.tm_min,
+	         tm.tm_sec);
+
+	return buf;
+}
+
+void init_unicorn_httpdate(void)
+{
+	VALUE mod = rb_define_module("Unicorn");
+	mod = rb_define_module_under(mod, "HttpResponse");
+
+	buf = rb_str_new(0, buf_capa - 1);
+	rb_global_variable(&buf);
+	buf_ptr = RSTRING_PTR(buf);
+	httpdate(Qnil);
+
+	rb_define_method(mod, "httpdate", httpdate, 0);
+}