RubyGems - twigg-app - Versions diffs - 0.0.1 → 0.0.2 - Mend

twigg-app 0.0.1 → 0.0.2

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+<!DOCTYPE HTML>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
+  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
+  <link rel="canonical" href="http://underscorejs.org" />
+  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
+  <title>Underscore.js</title>
+  <style>
+    body {
+      font-size: 14px;
+      line-height: 22px;
+      background: #f4f4f4 url(docs/images/background.png);
+      color: #000;
+      font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial;
+    }
+    .interface {
+      font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important;
+    }
+    div#sidebar {
+      background: #fff;
+      position: fixed;
+      top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;
+      width: 200px;
+      overflow-y: auto;
+      overflow-x: hidden;
+      -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+      padding: 15px 0 30px 30px;
+      border-right: 1px solid #bbb;
+      box-shadow: 0 0 20px #ccc; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #ccc; -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #ccc;
+    }
+    a.toc_title, a.toc_title:visited {
+      display: block;
+      color: black;
+      font-weight: bold;
+      margin-top: 15px;
+    }
+      a.toc_title:hover {
+        text-decoration: underline;
+      }
+      #sidebar .version {
+        font-size: 10px;
+        font-weight: normal;
+      }
+    ul.toc_section {
+      font-size: 11px;
+      line-height: 14px;
+      margin: 5px 0 0 0;
+      padding-left: 0px;
+      list-style-type: none;
+      font-family: Lucida Grande;
+    }
+      .toc_section li {
+        cursor: pointer;
+        margin: 0 0 3px 0;
+      }
+        .toc_section li a {
+          text-decoration: none;
+          color: black;
+        }
+          .toc_section li a:hover {
+            text-decoration: underline;
+          }
+    div.container {
+      width: 550px;
+      margin: 40px 0 50px 260px;
+    }
+    img#logo {
+      width: 396px;
+      height: 69px;
+    }
+    div.warning {
+      margin-top: 15px;
+      font: bold 11px Arial;
+      color: #770000;
+    }
+    p {
+      margin: 20px 0;
+      width: 550px;
+    }
+    a, a:visited {
+      color: #444;
+    }
+    a:active, a:hover {
+      color: #000;
+    }
+    h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+      padding-top: 20px;
+    }
+      h2 {
+        font-size: 20px;
+      }
+    b.header {
+      font-size: 16px;
+      line-height: 30px;
+    }
+    span.alias {
+      font-size: 14px;
+      font-style: italic;
+      margin-left: 20px;
+    }
+    table, tr, td {
+      margin: 0; padding: 0;
+    }
+      td {
+        padding: 2px 12px 2px 0;
+      }
+      table .rule {
+        height: 1px;
+        background: #ccc;
+        margin: 5px 0;
+      }
+    ul {
+      list-style-type: circle;
+      padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+    }
+      li {
+        width: 500px;
+        margin-bottom: 10px;
+      }
+      code, pre, tt {
+        font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Lucida Console", monospace;
+        font-size: 12px;
+        line-height: 18px;
+        font-style: normal;
+      }
+        tt {
+          padding: 0px 3px;
+          background: #fff;
+          border: 1px solid #ddd;
+          zoom: 1;
+        }
+        code {
+          margin-left: 20px;
+        }
+        pre {
+          font-size: 12px;
+          padding: 2px 0 2px 15px;
+          border-left: 5px solid #bbb;
+          margin: 0px 0 30px;
+        }
+    @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (max-width: 640px),
+          only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3/2) and (max-width: 640px),
+          only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (max-width: 640px) {
+      img {
+        max-width: 100%;
+      }
+      div#sidebar {
+        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: initial;
+        position: relative;
+        width: 90%;
+        height: 120px;
+        left: 0;
+        top: -7px;
+        padding: 10px 0 10px 30px;
+        border: 0;
+      }
+      img#logo {
+        width: auto;
+        height: auto;
+      }
+      div.container {
+        margin: 0;
+        width: 100%;
+      }
+      p, div.container ul {
+        max-width: 98%;
+        overflow-x: scroll;
+      }
+      pre {
+        overflow: scroll;
+      }
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="sidebar" class="interface">
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#">
+      Underscore.js <span class="version">(1.4.4)</span>
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>&raquo; <a href="http://github.com/documentcloud/underscore">GitHub Repository</a></li>
+      <li>&raquo; <a href="docs/underscore.html">Annotated Source</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#">
+      Introduction
+    </a>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#collections">
+      Collections
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>- <a href="#each">each</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#map">map</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#reduce">reduce</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#reduceRight">reduceRight</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#find">find</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#filter">filter</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#where">where</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#findWhere">findWhere</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#reject">reject</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#every">every</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#some">some</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#contains">contains</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#invoke">invoke</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#pluck">pluck</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#max">max</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#min">min</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#sortBy">sortBy</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#groupBy">groupBy</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#countBy">countBy</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#shuffle">shuffle</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#toArray">toArray</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#size">size</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#arrays">
+      Arrays
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>- <a href="#first">first</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#initial">initial</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#last">last</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#rest">rest</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#compact">compact</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#flatten">flatten</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#without">without</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#union">union</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#intersection">intersection</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#difference">difference</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#uniq">uniq</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#zip">zip</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#object">object</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#indexOf">indexOf</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#lastIndexOf">lastIndexOf</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#sortedIndex">sortedIndex</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#range">range</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#functions">
+      Functions
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>- <a href="#bind">bind</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#bindAll">bindAll</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#partial">partial</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#memoize">memoize</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#delay">delay</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#defer">defer</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#throttle">throttle</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#debounce">debounce</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#once">once</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#after">after</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#wrap">wrap</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#compose">compose</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#objects">
+      Objects
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>- <a href="#keys">keys</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#values">values</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#pairs">pairs</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#invert">invert</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#object-functions">functions</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#extend">extend</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#pick">pick</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#omit">omit</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#defaults">defaults</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#clone">clone</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#tap">tap</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#has">has</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isEqual">isEqual</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isEmpty">isEmpty</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isElement">isElement</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isArray">isArray</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isObject">isObject</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isArguments">isArguments</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isFunction">isFunction</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isString">isString</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isNumber">isNumber</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isFinite">isFinite</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isBoolean">isBoolean</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isDate">isDate</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isRegExp">isRegExp</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isNaN">isNaN</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isNull">isNull</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#isUndefined">isUndefined</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#utility">
+      Utility
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>- <a href="#noConflict">noConflict</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#identity">identity</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#times">times</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#random">random</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#mixin">mixin</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#uniqueId">uniqueId</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#escape">escape</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#unescape">unescape</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#result">result</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#template">template</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#chaining">
+      Chaining
+    </a>
+    <ul class="toc_section">
+      <li>- <a href="#chain">chain</a></li>
+      <li>- <a href="#value">value</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#links">
+      Links
+    </a>
+    <a class="toc_title" href="#changelog">
+      Change Log
+    </a>
+  </div>
+  <div class="container">
+    <p id="introduction">
+      <img id="logo" src="docs/images/underscore.png" alt="Underscore.js" />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="http://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/">Underscore</a> is a
+      utility-belt library for JavaScript that provides a lot of the
+      functional programming support that you would expect in
+      <a href="http://prototypejs.org/doc/latest/">Prototype.js</a>
+      (or <a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Enumerable.html">Ruby</a>),
+      but without extending any of the built-in JavaScript objects. It's the
+      tie to go along with <a href="http://docs.jquery.com">jQuery</a>'s tux,
+      and <a href="http://backbonejs.org">Backbone.js</a>'s suspenders.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Underscore provides 80-odd functions that support both the usual
+      functional suspects: <b>map</b>, <b>select</b>, <b>invoke</b> &mdash;
+      as well as more specialized helpers: function binding, javascript
+      templating, deep equality testing, and so on. It delegates to built-in
+      functions, if present, so modern browsers will use the
+      native implementations of <b>forEach</b>, <b>map</b>, <b>reduce</b>,
+      <b>filter</b>, <b>every</b>, <b>some</b> and <b>indexOf</b>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A complete <a href="test/">Test &amp; Benchmark Suite</a>
+      is included for your perusal.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      You may also read through the <a href="docs/underscore.html">annotated source code</a>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The project is
+      <a href="http://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/">hosted on GitHub</a>.
+      You can report bugs and discuss features on the
+      <a href="http://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues">issues page</a>,
+      on Freenode in the <tt>#documentcloud</tt> channel,
+      or send tweets to <a href="http://twitter.com/documentcloud">@documentcloud</a>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Underscore is an open-source component of <a href="http://documentcloud.org/">DocumentCloud</a>.</i>
+    </p>
+    <h2>Downloads <i style="padding-left: 12px; font-size:12px;">(Right-click, and use "Save As")</i></h2>
+    <table>
+      <tr>
+        <td><a href="underscore.js">Development Version (1.4.4)</a></td>
+        <td><i>40kb, Uncompressed with Plentiful Comments</i></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><a href="underscore-min.js">Production Version (1.4.4)</a></td>
+        <td><i>4kb, Minified and Gzipped</i></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td colspan="2"><div class="rule"></div></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><a href="https://raw.github.com/documentcloud/underscore/master/underscore.js">Edge Version</a></td>
+        <td><i>Unreleased, current <tt>master</tt>, use at your own risk</i></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <div id="documentation">
+      <h2 id="collections">Collection Functions (Arrays or Objects)</h2>
+      <p id="each">
+        <b class="header">each</b><code>_.each(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>forEach</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Iterates over a <b>list</b> of elements, yielding each in turn to an <b>iterator</b>
+        function. The <b>iterator</b> is bound to the <b>context</b> object, if one is
+        passed. Each invocation of <b>iterator</b> is called with three arguments:
+        <tt>(element, index, list)</tt>. If <b>list</b> is a JavaScript object, <b>iterator</b>'s
+        arguments will be <tt>(value, key, list)</tt>. Delegates to the native
+        <b>forEach</b> function if it exists.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.each([1, 2, 3], alert);
+=&gt; alerts each number in turn...
+_.each({one : 1, two : 2, three : 3}, alert);
+=&gt; alerts each number value in turn...</pre>
+      <p id="map">
+        <b class="header">map</b><code>_.map(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>collect</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Produces a new array of values by mapping each value in <b>list</b>
+        through a transformation function (<b>iterator</b>). If the native <b>map</b> method
+        exists, it will be used instead. If <b>list</b> is a JavaScript object,
+        <b>iterator</b>'s arguments will be <tt>(value, key, list)</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.map([1, 2, 3], function(num){ return num * 3; });
+=&gt; [3, 6, 9]
+_.map({one : 1, two : 2, three : 3}, function(num, key){ return num * 3; });
+=&gt; [3, 6, 9]</pre>
+      <p id="reduce">
+        <b class="header">reduce</b><code>_.reduce(list, iterator, memo, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Aliases: <b>inject, foldl</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Also known as <b>inject</b> and <b>foldl</b>, <b>reduce</b> boils down a
+        <b>list</b> of values into a single value. <b>Memo</b> is the initial state
+        of the reduction, and each successive step of it should be returned by
+        <b>iterator</b>. The iterator is passed four arguments: the <tt>memo</tt>,
+        then the <tt>value</tt> and <tt>index</tt> (or key) of the iteration,
+        and finally a reference to the entire <tt>list</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(memo, num){ return memo + num; }, 0);
+=&gt; 6
+</pre>
+      <p id="reduceRight">
+        <b class="header">reduceRight</b><code>_.reduceRight(list, iterator, memo, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>foldr</b></span>
+        <br />
+        The right-associative version of <b>reduce</b>. Delegates to the
+        JavaScript 1.8 version of <b>reduceRight</b>, if it exists. <b>Foldr</b>
+        is not as useful in JavaScript as it would be in a language with lazy
+        evaluation.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
+=&gt; [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+</pre>
+      <p id="find">
+        <b class="header">find</b><code>_.find(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>detect</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Looks through each value in the <b>list</b>, returning the first one that
+        passes a truth test (<b>iterator</b>). The function returns as
+        soon as it finds an acceptable element, and doesn't traverse the
+        entire list.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var even = _.find([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return num % 2 == 0; });
+=&gt; 2
+</pre>
+      <p id="filter">
+        <b class="header">filter</b><code>_.filter(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>select</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Looks through each value in the <b>list</b>, returning an array of all
+        the values that pass a truth test (<b>iterator</b>). Delegates to the
+        native <b>filter</b> method, if it exists.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return num % 2 == 0; });
+=&gt; [2, 4, 6]
+</pre>
+      <p id="where">
+        <b class="header">where</b><code>_.where(list, properties)</code>
+        <br />
+        Looks through each value in the <b>list</b>, returning an array of all
+        the values that contain all of the key-value pairs listed in <b>properties</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.where(listOfPlays, {author: "Shakespeare", year: 1611});
+=&gt; [{title: "Cymbeline", author: "Shakespeare", year: 1611},
+    {title: "The Tempest", author: "Shakespeare", year: 1611}]
+</pre>
+      <p id="findWhere">
+        <b class="header">findWhere</b><code>_.findWhere(list, properties)</code>
+        <br />
+        Looks through the <b>list</b> and returns the <i>first</i> value that matches
+        all of the key-value pairs listed in <b>properties</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.findWhere(publicServicePulitzers, {newsroom: "The New York Times"});
+=&gt; {year: 1918, newsroom: "The New York Times",
+  reason: "For its public service in publishing in full so many official reports,
+  documents and speeches by European statesmen relating to the progress and
+  conduct of the war."}
+</pre>
+      <p id="reject">
+        <b class="header">reject</b><code>_.reject(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the values in <b>list</b> without the elements that the truth
+        test (<b>iterator</b>) passes. The opposite of <b>filter</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return num % 2 == 0; });
+=&gt; [1, 3, 5]
+</pre>
+      <p id="every">
+        <b class="header">every</b><code>_.every(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>all</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if all of the values in the <b>list</b> pass the <b>iterator</b>
+        truth test. Delegates to the native method <b>every</b>, if present.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], _.identity);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="some">
+        <b class="header">some</b><code>_.some(list, [iterator], [context])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>any</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if any of the values in the <b>list</b> pass the
+        <b>iterator</b> truth test. Short-circuits and stops traversing the list
+        if a true element is found. Delegates to the native method <b>some</b>,
+        if present.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.some([null, 0, 'yes', false]);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="contains">
+        <b class="header">contains</b><code>_.contains(list, value)</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>include</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if the <b>value</b> is present in the <b>list</b>.
+        Uses <b>indexOf</b> internally, if <b>list</b> is an Array.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.contains([1, 2, 3], 3);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="invoke">
+        <b class="header">invoke</b><code>_.invoke(list, methodName, [*arguments])</code>
+        <br />
+        Calls the method named by <b>methodName</b> on each value in the <b>list</b>.
+        Any extra arguments passed to <b>invoke</b> will be forwarded on to the
+        method invocation.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+=&gt; [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+</pre>
+      <p id="pluck">
+        <b class="header">pluck</b><code>_.pluck(list, propertyName)</code>
+        <br />
+        A convenient version of what is perhaps the most common use-case for
+        <b>map</b>: extracting a list of property values.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var stooges = [{name : 'moe', age : 40}, {name : 'larry', age : 50}, {name : 'curly', age : 60}];
+_.pluck(stooges, 'name');
+=&gt; ["moe", "larry", "curly"]
+</pre>
+      <p id="max">
+        <b class="header">max</b><code>_.max(list, [iterator], [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the maximum value in <b>list</b>. If <b>iterator</b> is passed,
+        it will be used on each value to generate the criterion by which the
+        value is ranked.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var stooges = [{name : 'moe', age : 40}, {name : 'larry', age : 50}, {name : 'curly', age : 60}];
+_.max(stooges, function(stooge){ return stooge.age; });
+=&gt; {name : 'curly', age : 60};
+</pre>
+      <p id="min">
+        <b class="header">min</b><code>_.min(list, [iterator], [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the minimum value in <b>list</b>. If <b>iterator</b> is passed,
+        it will be used on each value to generate the criterion by which the
+        value is ranked.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var numbers = [10, 5, 100, 2, 1000];
+_.min(numbers);
+=&gt; 2
+</pre>
+      <p id="sortBy">
+        <b class="header">sortBy</b><code>_.sortBy(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a sorted copy of <b>list</b>, ranked in ascending order by the
+        results of running each value through <b>iterator</b>. Iterator may
+        also be the string name of the property to sort by (eg. <tt>length</tt>).
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.sortBy([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){ return Math.sin(num); });
+=&gt; [5, 4, 6, 3, 1, 2]
+</pre>
+      <p id="groupBy">
+        <b class="header">groupBy</b><code>_.groupBy(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Splits a collection into sets, grouped by the result of running each
+        value through <b>iterator</b>. If <b>iterator</b> is a string instead of
+        a function, groups by the property named by <b>iterator</b> on each of
+        the values.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.groupBy([1.3, 2.1, 2.4], function(num){ return Math.floor(num); });
+=&gt; {1: [1.3], 2: [2.1, 2.4]}
+_.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+=&gt; {3: ["one", "two"], 5: ["three"]}
+</pre>
+      <p id="countBy">
+        <b class="header">countBy</b><code>_.countBy(list, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Sorts a list into groups and returns a count for the number of objects
+        in each group.
+        Similar to <tt>groupBy</tt>, but instead of returning a list of values,
+        returns a count for the number of values in that group.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.countBy([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], function(num) {
+  return num % 2 == 0 ? 'even' : 'odd';
+});
+=&gt; {odd: 3, even: 2}
+</pre>
+      <p id="shuffle">
+        <b class="header">shuffle</b><code>_.shuffle(list)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a shuffled copy of the <b>list</b>, using a version of the
+        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle">Fisher-Yates shuffle</a>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+=&gt; [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
+</pre>
+      <p id="toArray">
+        <b class="header">toArray</b><code>_.toArray(list)</code>
+        <br />
+        Converts the <b>list</b> (anything that can be iterated over), into a
+        real Array. Useful for transmuting the <b>arguments</b> object.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+(function(){ return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
+=&gt; [2, 3, 4]
+</pre>
+      <p id="size">
+        <b class="header">size</b><code>_.size(list)</code>
+        <br />
+        Return the number of values in the <b>list</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.size({one : 1, two : 2, three : 3});
+=&gt; 3
+</pre>
+      <h2 id="arrays">Array Functions</h2>
+      <p>
+        <i>
+          Note: All array functions will also work on the <b>arguments</b> object.
+          However, Underscore functions are not designed to work on "sparse" arrays.
+        </i>
+      </p>
+      <p id="first">
+        <b class="header">first</b><code>_.first(array, [n])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>head</b>, <b>take</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Returns the first element of an <b>array</b>. Passing <b>n</b> will
+        return the first <b>n</b> elements of the array.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+=&gt; 5
+</pre>
+      <p id="initial">
+        <b class="header">initial</b><code>_.initial(array, [n])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
+        the arguments object. Pass <b>n</b> to exclude the last <b>n</b> elements
+        from the result.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.initial([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+=&gt; [5, 4, 3, 2]
+</pre>
+      <p id="last">
+        <b class="header">last</b><code>_.last(array, [n])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the last element of an <b>array</b>. Passing <b>n</b> will return
+        the last <b>n</b> elements of the array.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.last([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+=&gt; 1
+</pre>
+      <p id="rest">
+        <b class="header">rest</b><code>_.rest(array, [index])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>tail, drop</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Returns the <b>rest</b> of the elements in an array. Pass an <b>index</b>
+        to return the values of the array from that index onward.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.rest([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+=&gt; [4, 3, 2, 1]
+</pre>
+      <p id="compact">
+        <b class="header">compact</b><code>_.compact(array)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a copy of the <b>array</b> with all falsy values removed.
+        In JavaScript, <i>false</i>, <i>null</i>, <i>0</i>, <i>""</i>,
+        <i>undefined</i> and <i>NaN</i> are all falsy.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3]
+</pre>
+      <p id="flatten">
+        <b class="header">flatten</b><code>_.flatten(array, [shallow])</code>
+        <br />
+        Flattens a nested <b>array</b> (the nesting can be to any depth). If you
+        pass <b>shallow</b>, the array will only be flattened a single level.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3, 4];
+_.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
+</pre>
+      <p id="without">
+        <b class="header">without</b><code>_.without(array, [*values])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a copy of the <b>array</b> with all instances of the <b>values</b>
+        removed.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
+=&gt; [2, 3, 4]
+</pre>
+      <p id="union">
+        <b class="header">union</b><code>_.union(*arrays)</code>
+        <br />
+        Computes the union of the passed-in <b>arrays</b>: the list of unique items,
+        in order, that are present in one or more of the <b>arrays</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
+</pre>
+      <p id="intersection">
+        <b class="header">intersection</b><code>_.intersection(*arrays)</code>
+        <br />
+        Computes the list of values that are the intersection of all the <b>arrays</b>.
+        Each value in the result is present in each of the <b>arrays</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+=&gt; [1, 2]
+</pre>
+      <p id="difference">
+        <b class="header">difference</b><code>_.difference(array, *others)</code>
+        <br />
+        Similar to <b>without</b>, but returns the values from <b>array</b> that
+        are not present in the <b>other</b> arrays.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
+=&gt; [1, 3, 4]
+</pre>
+      <p id="uniq">
+        <b class="header">uniq</b><code>_.uniq(array, [isSorted], [iterator])</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>unique</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Produces a duplicate-free version of the <b>array</b>, using <i>===</i> to test
+        object equality. If you know in advance that the <b>array</b> is sorted,
+        passing <i>true</i> for <b>isSorted</b> will run a much faster algorithm.
+        If you want to compute unique items based on a transformation, pass an
+        <b>iterator</b> function.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4]);
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3, 4]
+</pre>
+      <p id="zip">
+        <b class="header">zip</b><code>_.zip(*arrays)</code>
+        <br />
+        Merges together the values of each of the <b>arrays</b> with the
+        values at the corresponding position. Useful when you have separate
+        data sources that are coordinated through matching array indexes.
+        If you're working with a matrix of nested arrays, <b>zip.apply</b>
+        can transpose the matrix in a similar fashion.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.zip(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50], [true, false, false]);
+=&gt; [["moe", 30, true], ["larry", 40, false], ["curly", 50, false]]
+</pre>
+      <p id="object">
+        <b class="header">object</b><code>_.object(list, [values])</code>
+        <br />
+        Converts arrays into objects. Pass either a single list of
+        <tt>[key, value]</tt> pairs, or a list of keys, and a list of values.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.object(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50]);
+=&gt; {moe: 30, larry: 40, curly: 50}
+_.object([['moe', 30], ['larry', 40], ['curly', 50]]);
+=&gt; {moe: 30, larry: 40, curly: 50}
+</pre>
+      <p id="indexOf">
+        <b class="header">indexOf</b><code>_.indexOf(array, value, [isSorted])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the index at which <b>value</b> can be found in the <b>array</b>,
+        or <i>-1</i> if value is not present in the <b>array</b>. Uses the native
+        <b>indexOf</b> function unless it's missing. If you're working with a
+        large array, and you know that the array is already sorted, pass <tt>true</tt>
+        for <b>isSorted</b> to use a faster binary search ... or, pass a number as
+        the third argument in order to look for the first matching value in the
+        array after the given index.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.indexOf([1, 2, 3], 2);
+=&gt; 1
+</pre>
+      <p id="lastIndexOf">
+        <b class="header">lastIndexOf</b><code>_.lastIndexOf(array, value, [fromIndex])</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the index of the last occurrence of <b>value</b> in the <b>array</b>,
+        or <i>-1</i> if value is not present. Uses the native <b>lastIndexOf</b>
+        function if possible. Pass <b>fromIndex</b> to start your search at a
+        given index.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+=&gt; 4
+</pre>
+      <p id="sortedIndex">
+        <b class="header">sortedIndex</b><code>_.sortedIndex(list, value, [iterator], [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Uses a binary search to determine the index at which the <b>value</b>
+        <i>should</i> be inserted into the <b>list</b> in order to maintain the <b>list</b>'s
+        sorted order. If an <b>iterator</b> is passed, it will be used to compute
+        the sort ranking of each value, including the <b>value</b> you pass.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.sortedIndex([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 35);
+=&gt; 3
+</pre>
+      <p id="range">
+        <b class="header">range</b><code>_.range([start], stop, [step])</code>
+        <br />
+        A function to create flexibly-numbered lists of integers, handy for
+        <tt>each</tt> and <tt>map</tt> loops. <b>start</b>, if omitted, defaults
+        to <i>0</i>; <b>step</b> defaults to <i>1</i>. Returns a list of integers
+        from <b>start</b> to <b>stop</b>, incremented (or decremented) by <b>step</b>,
+        exclusive.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.range(10);
+=&gt; [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+_.range(1, 11);
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+_.range(0, 30, 5);
+=&gt; [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
+_.range(0, -10, -1);
+=&gt; [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
+_.range(0);
+=&gt; []
+</pre>
+      <h2 id="functions">Function (uh, ahem) Functions</h2>
+      <p id="bind">
+        <b class="header">bind</b><code>_.bind(function, object, [*arguments])</code>
+        <br />
+        Bind a <b>function</b> to an <b>object</b>, meaning that whenever
+        the function is called, the value of <i>this</i> will be the <b>object</b>.
+        Optionally, pass <b>arguments</b> to the <b>function</b> to pre-fill them,
+        also known as <b>partial application</b>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var func = function(greeting){ return greeting + ': ' + this.name };
+func = _.bind(func, {name : 'moe'}, 'hi');
+func();
+=&gt; 'hi: moe'
+</pre>
+      <p id="bindAll">
+        <b class="header">bindAll</b><code>_.bindAll(object, [*methodNames])</code>
+        <br />
+        Binds a number of methods on the <b>object</b>, specified by
+        <b>methodNames</b>, to be run in the context of that object whenever they
+        are invoked. Very handy for binding functions that are going to be used
+        as event handlers, which would otherwise be invoked with a fairly useless
+        <i>this</i>. If no <b>methodNames</b> are provided, all of the object's
+        function properties will be bound to it.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var buttonView = {
+  label   : 'underscore',
+  onClick : function(){ alert('clicked: ' + this.label); },
+  onHover : function(){ console.log('hovering: ' + this.label); }
+};
+_.bindAll(buttonView);
+jQuery('#underscore_button').bind('click', buttonView.onClick);
+=&gt; When the button is clicked, this.label will have the correct value...
+</pre>
+      <p id="partial">
+        <b class="header">partial</b><code>_.partial(function, [*arguments])</code>
+        <br />
+        Partially apply a function by filling in any number of its arguments,
+        <i>without</i> changing its dynamic <tt>this</tt> value. A close cousin
+        of <a href="#bind">bind</a>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var add = function(a, b) { return a + b; };
+add5 = _.partial(add, 5);
+add5(10);
+=&gt; 15
+</pre>
+      <p id="memoize">
+        <b class="header">memoize</b><code>_.memoize(function, [hashFunction])</code>
+        <br />
+        Memoizes a given <b>function</b> by caching the computed result. Useful
+        for speeding up slow-running computations. If passed an optional
+        <b>hashFunction</b>, it will be used to compute the hash key for storing
+        the result, based on the arguments to the original function. The default
+        <b>hashFunction</b> just uses the first argument to the memoized function
+        as the key.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
+  return n &lt; 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
+});
+</pre>
+      <p id="delay">
+        <b class="header">delay</b><code>_.delay(function, wait, [*arguments])</code>
+        <br />
+        Much like <b>setTimeout</b>, invokes <b>function</b> after <b>wait</b>
+        milliseconds. If you pass the optional <b>arguments</b>, they will be
+        forwarded on to the <b>function</b> when it is invoked.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
+_.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
+=&gt; 'logged later' // Appears after one second.
+</pre>
+      <p id="defer">
+        <b class="header">defer</b><code>_.defer(function, [*arguments])</code>
+        <br />
+        Defers invoking the <b>function</b> until the current call stack has cleared,
+        similar to using <b>setTimeout</b> with a delay of 0. Useful for performing
+        expensive computations or HTML rendering in chunks without blocking the UI thread
+        from updating. If you pass the optional <b>arguments</b>, they will be
+        forwarded on to the <b>function</b> when it is invoked.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.defer(function(){ alert('deferred'); });
+// Returns from the function before the alert runs.
+</pre>
+      <p id="throttle">
+        <b class="header">throttle</b><code>_.throttle(function, wait)</code>
+        <br />
+        Creates and returns a new, throttled version of the passed function,
+        that, when invoked repeatedly, will only actually call the original function
+        at most once per every <b>wait</b>
+        milliseconds. Useful for rate-limiting events that occur faster than you
+        can keep up with.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
+$(window).scroll(throttled);
+</pre>
+      <p id="debounce">
+        <b class="header">debounce</b><code>_.debounce(function, wait, [immediate])</code>
+        <br />
+        Creates and returns a new debounced version of the passed function that
+        will postpone its execution until after
+        <b>wait</b> milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it
+        was invoked. Useful for implementing behavior that should only happen
+        <i>after</i> the input has stopped arriving. For example: rendering a
+        preview of a Markdown comment, recalculating a layout after the window
+        has stopped being resized, and so on.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Pass <tt>true</tt> for the <b>immediate</b> parameter to cause
+        <b>debounce</b> to trigger the function on the leading instead of the
+        trailing edge of the <b>wait</b> interval. Useful in circumstances like
+        preventing accidental double-clicks on a "submit" button from firing a
+        second time.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 300);
+$(window).resize(lazyLayout);
+</pre>
+      <p id="once">
+        <b class="header">once</b><code>_.once(function)</code>
+        <br />
+        Creates a version of the function that can only be called one time.
+        Repeated calls to the modified function will have no effect, returning
+        the value from the original call. Useful for initialization functions,
+        instead of having to set a boolean flag and then check it later.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+initialize();
+initialize();
+// Application is only created once.
+</pre>
+      <p id="after">
+        <b class="header">after</b><code>_.after(count, function)</code>
+        <br />
+        Creates a version of the function that will only be run after first
+        being called <b>count</b> times. Useful for grouping asynchronous responses,
+        where you want to be sure that all the async calls have finished, before
+        proceeding.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render);
+_.each(notes, function(note) {
+  note.asyncSave({success: renderNotes});
+});
+// renderNotes is run once, after all notes have saved.
+</pre>
+      <p id="wrap">
+        <b class="header">wrap</b><code>_.wrap(function, wrapper)</code>
+        <br />
+        Wraps the first <b>function</b> inside of the <b>wrapper</b> function,
+        passing it as the first argument. This allows the <b>wrapper</b> to
+        execute code before and after the <b>function</b> runs, adjust the arguments,
+        and execute it conditionally.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var hello = function(name) { return "hello: " + name; };
+hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
+  return "before, " + func("moe") + ", after";
+});
+hello();
+=&gt; 'before, hello: moe, after'
+</pre>
+      <p id="compose">
+        <b class="header">compose</b><code>_.compose(*functions)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the composition of a list of <b>functions</b>, where each function
+        consumes the return value of the function that follows. In math terms,
+        composing the functions <i>f()</i>, <i>g()</i>, and <i>h()</i> produces
+        <i>f(g(h()))</i>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var greet    = function(name){ return "hi: " + name; };
+var exclaim  = function(statement){ return statement + "!"; };
+var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
+welcome('moe');
+=&gt; 'hi: moe!'
+</pre>
+      <h2 id="objects">Object Functions</h2>
+      <p id="keys">
+        <b class="header">keys</b><code>_.keys(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Retrieve all the names of the <b>object</b>'s properties.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.keys({one : 1, two : 2, three : 3});
+=&gt; ["one", "two", "three"]
+</pre>
+      <p id="values">
+        <b class="header">values</b><code>_.values(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Return all of the values of the <b>object</b>'s properties.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.values({one : 1, two : 2, three : 3});
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3]
+</pre>
+      <p id="pairs">
+        <b class="header">pairs</b><code>_.pairs(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Convert an object into a list of <tt>[key, value]</tt> pairs.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.pairs({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3});
+=&gt; [["one", 1], ["two", 2], ["three", 3]]
+</pre>
+      <p id="invert">
+        <b class="header">invert</b><code>_.invert(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a copy of the <b>object</b> where the keys have become the values
+        and the values the keys. For this to work, all of your object's values
+        should be unique and string serializable.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.invert({Moe: "Moses", Larry: "Louis", Curly: "Jerome"});
+=&gt; {Moses: "Moe", Louis: "Larry", Jerome: "Curly"};
+</pre>
+      <p id="object-functions">
+        <b class="header">functions</b><code>_.functions(object)</code>
+        <span class="alias">Alias: <b>methods</b></span>
+        <br />
+        Returns a sorted list of the names of every method in an object &mdash;
+        that is to say, the name of every function property of the object.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.functions(_);
+=&gt; ["all", "any", "bind", "bindAll", "clone", "compact", "compose" ...
+</pre>
+      <p id="extend">
+        <b class="header">extend</b><code>_.extend(destination, *sources)</code>
+        <br />
+        Copy all of the properties in the <b>source</b> objects over to the
+        <b>destination</b> object, and return the <b>destination</b> object.
+        It's in-order, so the last source will override properties of the same
+        name in previous arguments.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.extend({name : 'moe'}, {age : 50});
+=&gt; {name : 'moe', age : 50}
+</pre>
+      <p id="pick">
+        <b class="header">pick</b><code>_.pick(object, *keys)</code>
+        <br />
+        Return a copy of the <b>object</b>, filtered to only have values for
+        the whitelisted <b>keys</b> (or array of valid keys).
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.pick({name : 'moe', age: 50, userid : 'moe1'}, 'name', 'age');
+=&gt; {name : 'moe', age : 50}
+</pre>
+      <p id="omit">
+        <b class="header">omit</b><code>_.omit(object, *keys)</code>
+        <br />
+        Return a copy of the <b>object</b>, filtered to omit the blacklisted
+        <b>keys</b> (or array of keys).
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.omit({name : 'moe', age : 50, userid : 'moe1'}, 'userid');
+=&gt; {name : 'moe', age : 50}
+</pre>
+      <p id="defaults">
+        <b class="header">defaults</b><code>_.defaults(object, *defaults)</code>
+        <br />
+        Fill in null and undefined properties in <b>object</b> with values from the
+        <b>defaults</b> objects, and return the <b>object</b>. As soon as the
+        property is filled, further defaults will have no effect.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var iceCream = {flavor : "chocolate"};
+_.defaults(iceCream, {flavor : "vanilla", sprinkles : "lots"});
+=&gt; {flavor : "chocolate", sprinkles : "lots"}
+</pre>
+      <p id="clone">
+        <b class="header">clone</b><code>_.clone(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Create a shallow-copied clone of the <b>object</b>. Any nested objects
+        or arrays will be copied by reference, not duplicated.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.clone({name : 'moe'});
+=&gt; {name : 'moe'};
+</pre>
+      <p id="tap">
+        <b class="header">tap</b><code>_.tap(object, interceptor)</code>
+        <br />
+        Invokes <b>interceptor</b> with the <b>object</b>, and then returns <b>object</b>.
+        The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.chain([1,2,3,200])
+  .filter(function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; })
+  .tap(alert)
+  .map(function(num) { return num * num })
+  .value();
+=&gt; // [2, 200] (alerted)
+=&gt; [4, 40000]
+</pre>
+      <p id="has">
+        <b class="header">has</b><code>_.has(object, key)</code>
+        <br />
+        Does the object contain the given key? Identical to
+        <tt>object.hasOwnProperty(key)</tt>, but uses a safe reference to the
+        <tt>hasOwnProperty</tt> function, in case it's been
+        <a href="http://www.devthought.com/2012/01/18/an-object-is-not-a-hash/">overridden accidentally</a>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.has({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, "b");
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isEqual">
+        <b class="header">isEqual</b><code>_.isEqual(object, other)</code>
+        <br />
+        Performs an optimized deep comparison between the two objects, to determine
+        if they should be considered equal.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var moe   = {name : 'moe', luckyNumbers : [13, 27, 34]};
+var clone = {name : 'moe', luckyNumbers : [13, 27, 34]};
+moe == clone;
+=&gt; false
+_.isEqual(moe, clone);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isEmpty">
+        <b class="header">isEmpty</b><code>_.isEmpty(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> contains no values.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+=&gt; false
+_.isEmpty({});
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isElement">
+        <b class="header">isElement</b><code>_.isElement(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a DOM element.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isElement(jQuery('body')[0]);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isArray">
+        <b class="header">isArray</b><code>_.isArray(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is an Array.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+(function(){ return _.isArray(arguments); })();
+=&gt; false
+_.isArray([1,2,3]);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isObject">
+        <b class="header">isObject</b><code>_.isObject(value)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>value</b> is an Object. Note that JavaScript
+        arrays and functions are objects, while (normal) strings and numbers are not.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isObject({});
+=&gt; true
+_.isObject(1);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="isArguments">
+        <b class="header">isArguments</b><code>_.isArguments(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is an Arguments object.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+(function(){ return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
+=&gt; true
+_.isArguments([1,2,3]);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="isFunction">
+        <b class="header">isFunction</b><code>_.isFunction(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a Function.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isFunction(alert);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isString">
+        <b class="header">isString</b><code>_.isString(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a String.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isString("moe");
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isNumber">
+        <b class="header">isNumber</b><code>_.isNumber(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a Number (including <tt>NaN</tt>).
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isFinite">
+        <b class="header">isFinite</b><code>_.isFinite(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a finite Number.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isFinite(-101);
+=&gt; true
+_.isFinite(-Infinity);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="isBoolean">
+        <b class="header">isBoolean</b><code>_.isBoolean(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is either <i>true</i> or <i>false</i>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isBoolean(null);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="isDate">
+        <b class="header">isDate</b><code>_.isDate(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a Date.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isDate(new Date());
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isRegExp">
+        <b class="header">isRegExp</b><code>_.isRegExp(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is a RegExp.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isRegExp(/moe/);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <p id="isNaN">
+        <b class="header">isNaN</b><code>_.isNaN(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>object</b> is <i>NaN</i>.<br /> Note: this is not
+        the same as the native <b>isNaN</b> function, which will also return
+        true if the variable is <i>undefined</i>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isNaN(NaN);
+=&gt; true
+isNaN(undefined);
+=&gt; true
+_.isNaN(undefined);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="isNull">
+        <b class="header">isNull</b><code>_.isNull(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if the value of <b>object</b> is <i>null</i>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isNull(null);
+=&gt; true
+_.isNull(undefined);
+=&gt; false
+</pre>
+      <p id="isUndefined">
+        <b class="header">isUndefined</b><code>_.isUndefined(value)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns <i>true</i> if <b>value</b> is <i>undefined</i>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.isUndefined(window.missingVariable);
+=&gt; true
+</pre>
+      <h2 id="utility">Utility Functions</h2>
+      <p id="noConflict">
+        <b class="header">noConflict</b><code>_.noConflict()</code>
+        <br />
+        Give control of the "_" variable back to its previous owner. Returns
+        a reference to the <b>Underscore</b> object.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var underscore = _.noConflict();</pre>
+      <p id="identity">
+        <b class="header">identity</b><code>_.identity(value)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns the same value that is used as the argument. In math:
+        <tt>f(x) = x</tt><br />
+        This function looks useless, but is used throughout Underscore as
+        a default iterator.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var moe = {name : 'moe'};
+moe === _.identity(moe);
+=&gt; true</pre>
+      <p id="times">
+        <b class="header">times</b><code>_.times(n, iterator, [context])</code>
+        <br />
+        Invokes the given iterator function <b>n</b> times. Each invocation of
+        <b>iterator</b> is called with an <tt>index</tt> argument.
+        <br />
+        <i>Note: this example uses the <a href="#chaining">chaining syntax</a></i>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_(3).times(function(n){ genie.grantWishNumber(n); });</pre>
+      <p id="random">
+        <b class="header">random</b><code>_.random(min, max)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a random integer between <b>min</b> and <b>max</b>, inclusive.
+        If you only pass one argument, it will return a number between <tt>0</tt>
+        and that number.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.random(0, 100);
+=&gt; 42</pre>
+      <p id="mixin">
+        <b class="header">mixin</b><code>_.mixin(object)</code>
+        <br />
+        Allows you to extend Underscore with your own utility functions. Pass
+        a hash of <tt>{name: function}</tt> definitions to have your functions
+        added to the Underscore object, as well as the OOP wrapper.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.mixin({
+  capitalize : function(string) {
+    return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.substring(1).toLowerCase();
+  }
+});
+_("fabio").capitalize();
+=&gt; "Fabio"
+</pre>
+      <p id="uniqueId">
+        <b class="header">uniqueId</b><code>_.uniqueId([prefix])</code>
+        <br />
+        Generate a globally-unique id for client-side models or DOM elements
+        that need one. If <b>prefix</b> is passed, the id will be appended to it.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.uniqueId('contact_');
+=&gt; 'contact_104'</pre>
+      <p id="escape">
+        <b class="header">escape</b><code>_.escape(string)</code>
+        <br />
+        Escapes a string for insertion into HTML, replacing
+        <tt>&amp;</tt>, <tt>&lt;</tt>, <tt>&gt;</tt>, <tt>&quot;</tt>, <tt>&#x27;</tt>, and <tt>&#x2F;</tt> characters.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.escape('Curly, Larry &amp; Moe');
+=&gt; "Curly, Larry &amp;amp; Moe"</pre>
+      <p id="unescape">
+        <b class="header">unescape</b><code>_.unescape(string)</code>
+        <br />
+        The opposite of <a href="#escape"><b>escape</b></a>, replaces
+        <tt>&amp;amp;</tt>, <tt>&amp;lt;</tt>, <tt>&amp;gt;</tt>,
+        <tt>&amp;quot;</tt>, <tt>&amp;#x27;</tt>, and <tt>&amp;#x2F;</tt>
+        with their unescaped counterparts.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.unescape('Curly, Larry &amp;amp; Moe');
+=&gt; "Curly, Larry &amp; Moe"</pre>
+      <p id="result">
+        <b class="header">result</b><code>_.result(object, property)</code>
+        <br />
+        If the value of the named property is a function then invoke it; otherwise, return it.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var object = {cheese: 'crumpets', stuff: function(){ return 'nonsense'; }};
+_.result(object, 'cheese');
+=&gt; "crumpets"
+_.result(object, 'stuff');
+=&gt; "nonsense"</pre>
+      <p id="template">
+        <b class="header">template</b><code>_.template(templateString, [data], [settings])</code>
+        <br />
+        Compiles JavaScript templates into functions that can be evaluated
+        for rendering. Useful for rendering complicated bits of HTML from JSON
+        data sources. Template functions can both interpolate variables, using
+        <tt>&lt;%= &hellip; %&gt;</tt>, as well as execute arbitrary JavaScript code, with
+        <tt>&lt;% &hellip; %&gt;</tt>. If you wish to interpolate a value, and have
+        it be HTML-escaped, use <tt>&lt;%- &hellip; %&gt;</tt> When you evaluate a template function, pass in a
+        <b>data</b> object that has properties corresponding to the template's free
+        variables. If you're writing a one-off, you can pass the <b>data</b>
+        object as the second parameter to <b>template</b> in order to render
+        immediately instead of returning a template function.  The <b>settings</b> argument
+        should be a hash containing any <tt>_.templateSettings</tt> that should be overridden.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var compiled = _.template("hello: &lt;%= name %&gt;");
+compiled({name : 'moe'});
+=&gt; "hello: moe"
+var list = "&lt;% _.each(people, function(name) { %&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= name %&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;% }); %&gt;";
+_.template(list, {people : ['moe', 'curly', 'larry']});
+=&gt; "&lt;li&gt;moe&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;curly&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;larry&lt;/li&gt;"
+var template = _.template("&lt;b&gt;&lt;%- value %&gt;&lt;/b&gt;");
+template({value : '&lt;script&gt;'});
+=&gt; "&lt;b&gt;&amp;lt;script&amp;gt;&lt;/b&gt;"</pre>
+      <p>
+        You can also use <tt>print</tt> from within JavaScript code.  This is
+        sometimes more convenient than using <tt>&lt;%= ... %&gt;</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var compiled = _.template("&lt;% print('Hello ' + epithet); %&gt;");
+compiled({epithet: "stooge"});
+=&gt; "Hello stooge."</pre>
+      <p>
+        If ERB-style delimiters aren't your cup of tea, you can change Underscore's
+        template settings to use different symbols to set off interpolated code.
+        Define an <b>interpolate</b> regex to match expressions that should be
+        interpolated verbatim, an <b>escape</b> regex to match expressions that should
+        be inserted after being HTML escaped, and an <b>evaluate</b> regex to match
+        expressions that should be evaluated without insertion into the resulting
+        string. You may define or omit any combination of the three.
+        For example, to perform
+        <a href="http://github.com/janl/mustache.js#readme">Mustache.js</a>
+        style templating:
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.templateSettings = {
+  interpolate : /\{\{(.+?)\}\}/g
+};
+var template = _.template("Hello {{ name }}!");
+template({name : "Mustache"});
+=&gt; "Hello Mustache!"</pre>
+      <p>
+        By default, <b>template</b> places the values from your data in the local scope
+        via the <tt>with</tt> statement.  However, you can specify a single variable name
+        with the <b>variable</b> setting. This can significantly improve the speed
+        at which a template is able to render.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_.template("Using 'with': <%= data.answer %>", {answer: 'no'}, {variable: 'data'});
+=&gt; "Using 'with': no"</pre>
+      <p>
+        Precompiling your templates can be a big help when debugging errors you can't
+        reproduce.  This is because precompiled templates can provide line numbers and
+        a stack trace, something that is not possible when compiling templates on the client.
+        The <b>source</b> property is available on the compiled template
+        function for easy precompilation.
+      </p>
+      <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+  JST.project = <%= _.template(jstText).source %>;
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+      <h2 id="chaining">Chaining</h2>
+      <p>
+        You can use Underscore in either an object-oriented or a functional style,
+        depending on your preference. The following two lines of code are
+        identical ways to double a list of numbers.
+      </p>
+    <pre>
+_.map([1, 2, 3], function(n){ return n * 2; });
+_([1, 2, 3]).map(function(n){ return n * 2; });</pre>
+      <p>
+        Calling <tt>chain</tt> will cause all future method calls to return
+        wrapped objects. When you've finished the computation, use
+        <tt>value</tt> to retrieve the final value. Here's an example of chaining
+        together a <b>map/flatten/reduce</b>, in order to get the word count of
+        every word in a song.
+      </p>
+<pre>
+var lyrics = [
+  {line : 1, words : "I'm a lumberjack and I'm okay"},
+  {line : 2, words : "I sleep all night and I work all day"},
+  {line : 3, words : "He's a lumberjack and he's okay"},
+  {line : 4, words : "He sleeps all night and he works all day"}
+];
+_.chain(lyrics)
+  .map(function(line) { return line.words.split(' '); })
+  .flatten()
+  .reduce(function(counts, word) {
+    counts[word] = (counts[word] || 0) + 1;
+    return counts;
+  }, {})
+  .value();
+=&gt; {lumberjack : 2, all : 4, night : 2 ... }</pre>
+      <p>
+        In addition, the
+        <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype">Array prototype's methods</a>
+        are proxied through the chained Underscore object, so you can slip a
+        <tt>reverse</tt> or a <tt>push</tt> into your chain, and continue to
+        modify the array.
+      </p>
+      <p id="chain">
+        <b class="header">chain</b><code>_.chain(obj)</code>
+        <br />
+        Returns a wrapped object. Calling methods on this object will continue
+        to return wrapped objects until <tt>value</tt> is used.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+var stooges = [{name : 'curly', age : 25}, {name : 'moe', age : 21}, {name : 'larry', age : 23}];
+var youngest = _.chain(stooges)
+  .sortBy(function(stooge){ return stooge.age; })
+  .map(function(stooge){ return stooge.name + ' is ' + stooge.age; })
+  .first()
+  .value();
+=&gt; "moe is 21"
+</pre>
+      <p id="value">
+        <b class="header">value</b><code>_(obj).value()</code>
+        <br />
+        Extracts the value of a wrapped object.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+_([1, 2, 3]).value();
+=&gt; [1, 2, 3]
+</pre>
+      <h2 id="links">Links &amp; Suggested Reading</h2>
+      <p>
+        The Underscore documentation is also available in
+        <a href="http://learning.github.com/underscore/">Simplified Chinese</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://mirven.github.com/underscore.lua/">Underscore.lua</a>,
+        a Lua port of the functions that are applicable in both languages.
+        Includes OOP-wrapping and chaining.
+        (<a href="http://github.com/mirven/underscore.lua">source</a>)
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://underscorem.org">Underscore.m</a>, an Objective-C port
+        of many of the Underscore.js functions, using a syntax that encourages
+        chaining.
+        (<a href="https://github.com/robb/Underscore.m">source</a>)
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://kmalakoff.github.com/_.m/">_.m</a>, an alternative
+        Objective-C port that tries to stick a little closer to the original
+        Underscore.js API.
+        (<a href="https://github.com/kmalakoff/_.m">source</a>)
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://brianhaveri.github.com/Underscore.php/">Underscore.php</a>,
+        a PHP port of the functions that are applicable in both languages.
+        Includes OOP-wrapping and chaining.
+        (<a href="http://github.com/brianhaveri/Underscore.php">source</a>)
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://vti.github.com/underscore-perl/">Underscore-perl</a>,
+        a Perl port of many of the Underscore.js functions,
+        aimed at on Perl hashes and arrays.
+        (<a href="https://github.com/vti/underscore-perl/">source</a>)
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://russplaysguitar.github.com/UnderscoreCF/">Underscore.cfc</a>,
+        a Coldfusion port of many of the Underscore.js functions.
+        (<a href="https://github.com/russplaysguitar/underscorecf">source</a>)
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="https://github.com/edtsech/underscore.string">Underscore.string</a>,
+        an Underscore extension that adds functions for string-manipulation:
+        <tt>trim</tt>, <tt>startsWith</tt>, <tt>contains</tt>, <tt>capitalize</tt>,
+        <tt>reverse</tt>, <tt>sprintf</tt>, and more.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ruby's <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Enumerable.html">Enumerable</a> module.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://www.prototypejs.org/">Prototype.js</a>, which provides
+        JavaScript with collection functions in the manner closest to Ruby's Enumerable.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Oliver Steele's
+        <a href="http://osteele.com/sources/javascript/functional/">Functional JavaScript</a>,
+        which includes comprehensive higher-order function support as well as string lambdas.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Michael Aufreiter's <a href="http://github.com/michael/data">Data.js</a>,
+        a data manipulation + persistence library for JavaScript.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Python's <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/itertools.html">itertools</a>.
+      </p>
+      <h2 id="changelog">Change Log</h2>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.4.4</b> &mdash; <small><i>Jan. 30, 2013</i></small> &mdash; <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/compare/1.4.3...1.4.4">Diff</a><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Added <tt>_.findWhere</tt>, for finding the first element in a list
+            that matches a particular set of keys and values.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added <tt>_.partial</tt>, for partially applying a function <i>without</i>
+            changing its dynamic reference to <tt>this</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Simplified <tt>bind</tt> by removing some edge cases involving
+            constructor functions. In short: don't <tt>_.bind</tt> your
+            constructors.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            A minor optimization to <tt>invoke</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Fix bug in the minified version due to the minifier incorrectly
+            optimizing-away <tt>isFunction</tt>.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.4.3</b> &mdash; <small><i>Dec. 4, 2012</i></small> &mdash; <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/compare/1.4.2...1.4.3">Diff</a><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Improved Underscore compatibility with Adobe's JS engine that can be
+            used to script Illustrator, Photoshop, and friends.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added a default <tt>_.identity</tt> iterator to <tt>countBy</tt> and
+            <tt>groupBy</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>uniq</tt> function can now take <tt>array, iterator, context</tt>
+            as the argument list.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>times</tt> function now returns the mapped array of iterator
+            results.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Simplified and fixed bugs in <tt>throttle</tt>.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.4.2</b> &mdash; <small><i>Oct. 1, 2012</i></small> &mdash; <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/compare/1.4.1...1.4.2">Diff</a><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            For backwards compatibility, returned to pre-1.4.0 behavior when
+            passing <tt>null</tt> to iteration functions. They now become no-ops
+            again.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.4.1</b> &mdash; <small><i>Oct. 1, 2012</i></small> &mdash; <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/compare/1.4.0...1.4.1">Diff</a><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Fixed a 1.4.0 regression in the <tt>lastIndexOf</tt> function.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.4.0</b> &mdash; <small><i>Sept. 27, 2012</i></small>  &mdash; <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/compare/1.3.3...1.4.0">Diff</a><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Added a <tt>pairs</tt> function, for turning a JavaScript object
+            into <tt>[key, value]</tt> pairs ... as well as an <tt>object</tt>
+            function, for converting an array of <tt>[key, value]</tt> pairs
+            into an object.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added a <tt>countBy</tt> function, for counting the number of objects
+            in a list that match a certain criteria.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added an <tt>invert</tt> function, for performing a simple inversion
+            of the keys and values in an object.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added a <tt>where</tt> function, for easy cases of filtering a list
+            for objects with specific values.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added an <tt>omit</tt> function, for filtering an object to remove
+            certain keys.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added a <tt>random</tt> function, to return a random number in a
+            given range.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.debounce</tt>'d functions now return their last updated value,
+            just like <tt>_.throttle</tt>'d functions do.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>sortBy</tt> function now runs a stable sort algorithm.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added the optional <tt>fromIndex</tt> option to <tt>indexOf</tt> and
+            <tt>lastIndexOf</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            "Sparse" arrays are no longer supported in Underscore iteration
+            functions. Use a <tt>for</tt> loop instead (or better yet, an object).
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>min</tt> and <tt>max</tt> functions may now be called on
+            <i>very</i> large arrays.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Interpolation in templates now represents <tt>null</tt> and
+            <tt>undefined</tt> as the empty string.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <del>Underscore iteration functions no longer accept <tt>null</tt> values
+            as a no-op argument. You'll get an early error instead.</del>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            A number of edge-cases fixes and tweaks, which you can spot in the
+            <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/compare/1.3.3...1.4.0">diff</a>.
+            Depending on how you're using Underscore, <b>1.4.0</b> may be more
+            backwards-incompatible than usual &mdash; please test when you upgrade.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.3.3</b> &mdash; <small><i>April 10, 2012</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Many improvements to <tt>_.template</tt>, which now provides the
+            <tt>source</tt> of the template function as a property, for potentially
+            even more efficient pre-compilation on the server-side. You may now
+            also set the <tt>variable</tt> option when creating a template,
+            which will cause your passed-in data to be made available under the
+            variable you named, instead of using a <tt>with</tt> statement &mdash;
+            significantly improving the speed of rendering the template.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added the <tt>pick</tt> function, which allows you to filter an
+            object literal with a whitelist of allowed property names.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added the <tt>result</tt> function, for convenience when working
+            with APIs that allow either functions or raw properties.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added the <tt>isFinite</tt> function, because sometimes knowing that
+            a value is a number just ain't quite enough.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>sortBy</tt> function may now also be passed the string name
+            of a property to use as the sort order on each object.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Fixed <tt>uniq</tt> to work with sparse arrays.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>difference</tt> function now performs a shallow flatten
+            instead of a deep one when computing array differences.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>debounce</tt> function now takes an <tt>immediate</tt>
+            parameter, which will cause the callback to fire on the leading
+            instead of the trailing edge.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.3.1</b> &mdash; <small><i>Jan. 23, 2012</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Added an <tt>_.has</tt> function, as a safer way to use <tt>hasOwnProperty</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Added <tt>_.collect</tt> as an alias for <tt>_.map</tt>. Smalltalkers, rejoice.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Reverted an old change so that <tt>_.extend</tt> will correctly copy
+            over keys with undefined values again.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Bugfix to stop escaping slashes within interpolations in <tt>_.template</tt>.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.3.0</b> &mdash; <small><i>Jan. 11, 2012</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Removed AMD (RequireJS) support from Underscore. If you'd like to use
+            Underscore with RequireJS, you can load it as a normal script, wrap
+            or patch your copy, or download a forked version.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.2.4</b> &mdash; <small><i>Jan. 4, 2012</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            You now can (and probably should, as it's simpler)
+            write <tt>_.chain(list)</tt>
+            instead of <tt>_(list).chain()</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Fix for escaped characters in Underscore templates, and for supporting
+            customizations of <tt>_.templateSettings</tt> that only define one or
+            two of the required regexes.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Fix for passing an array as the first argument to an <tt>_.wrap</tt>'d function.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Improved compatibility with ClojureScript, which adds a <tt>call</tt>
+            function to <tt>String.prototype</tt>.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.2.3</b> &mdash; <small><i>Dec. 7, 2011</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Dynamic scope is now preserved for compiled <tt>_.template</tt> functions,
+            so you can use the value of <tt>this</tt> if you like.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sparse array support of <tt>_.indexOf</tt>, <tt>_.lastIndexOf</tt>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Both <tt>_.reduce</tt> and <tt>_.reduceRight</tt> can now be passed an
+            explicitly <tt>undefined</tt> value. (There's no reason why you'd
+            want to do this.)
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.2.2</b> &mdash; <small><i>Nov. 14, 2011</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Continued tweaks to <tt>_.isEqual</tt> semantics. Now JS primitives are
+            considered equivalent to their wrapped versions, and arrays are compared
+            by their numeric properties only <small>(#351)</small>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.escape</tt> no longer tries to be smart about not double-escaping
+            already-escaped HTML entities. Now it just escapes regardless <small>(#350)</small>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            In <tt>_.template</tt>, you may now leave semicolons out of evaluated
+            statements if you wish: <tt>&lt;% }) %&gt;</tt> <small>(#369)</small>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.after(callback, 0)</tt> will now trigger the callback immediately,
+            making "after" easier to use with asynchronous APIs <small>(#366)</small>.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.2.1</b> &mdash; <small><i>Oct. 24, 2011</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Several important bug fixes for <tt>_.isEqual</tt>, which should now
+            do better on mutated Arrays, and on non-Array objects with
+            <tt>length</tt> properties. <small>(#329)</small>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <b>jrburke</b> contributed Underscore exporting for AMD module loaders,
+            and <b>tonylukasavage</b> for Appcelerator Titanium.
+            <small>(#335, #338)</small>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            You can now <tt>_.groupBy(list, 'property')</tt> as a shortcut for
+            grouping values by a particular common property.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.throttle</tt>'d functions now fire immediately upon invocation,
+            and are rate-limited thereafter <small>(#170, #266)</small>.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Most of the <tt>_.is[Type]</tt> checks no longer ducktype.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>_.bind</tt> function now also works on constructors, a-la
+            ES5 ... but you would never want to use <tt>_.bind</tt> on a
+            constructor function.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.clone</tt> no longer wraps non-object types in Objects.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.find</tt> and <tt>_.filter</tt> are now the preferred names for
+            <tt>_.detect</tt> and <tt>_.select</tt>.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.2.0</b> &mdash; <small><i>Oct. 5, 2011</i></small><br />
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            The <tt>_.isEqual</tt> function now
+            supports true deep equality comparisons, with checks for cyclic structures,
+            thanks to Kit Cambridge.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Underscore templates now support HTML escaping interpolations, using
+            <tt>&lt;%- ... %&gt;</tt> syntax.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Ryan Tenney contributed <tt>_.shuffle</tt>, which uses a modified
+            Fisher-Yates to give you a shuffled copy of an array.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.uniq</tt> can now be passed an optional iterator, to determine by
+            what criteria an object should be considered unique.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <tt>_.last</tt> now takes an optional argument which will return the last
+            N elements of the list.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            A new <tt>_.initial</tt> function was added, as a mirror of <tt>_.rest</tt>,
+            which returns all the initial values of a list (except the last N).
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.7</b> &mdash; <small><i>July 13, 2011</i></small><br />
+        Added <tt>_.groupBy</tt>, which aggregates a collection into groups of like items.
+        Added <tt>_.union</tt> and <tt>_.difference</tt>, to complement the
+        (re-named) <tt>_.intersection</tt>.
+        Various improvements for support of sparse arrays.
+        <tt>_.toArray</tt> now returns a clone, if directly passed an array.
+        <tt>_.functions</tt> now also returns the names of functions that are present
+        in the prototype chain.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.6</b> &mdash; <small><i>April 18, 2011</i></small><br />
+        Added <tt>_.after</tt>, which will return a function that only runs after
+        first being called a specified number of times.
+        <tt>_.invoke</tt> can now take a direct function reference.
+        <tt>_.every</tt> now requires an iterator function to be passed, which
+        mirrors the ECMA5 API.
+        <tt>_.extend</tt> no longer copies keys when the value is undefined.
+        <tt>_.bind</tt> now errors when trying to bind an undefined value.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.5</b> &mdash; <small><i>Mar 20, 2011</i></small><br />
+        Added an <tt>_.defaults</tt> function, for use merging together JS objects
+        representing default options.
+        Added an <tt>_.once</tt> function, for manufacturing functions that should
+        only ever execute a single time.
+        <tt>_.bind</tt> now delegates to the native ECMAScript 5 version,
+        where available.
+        <tt>_.keys</tt> now throws an error when used on non-Object values, as in
+        ECMAScript 5.
+        Fixed a bug with <tt>_.keys</tt> when used over sparse arrays.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.4</b> &mdash; <small><i>Jan 9, 2011</i></small><br />
+        Improved compliance with ES5's Array methods when passing <tt>null</tt>
+        as a value. <tt>_.wrap</tt> now correctly sets <tt>this</tt> for the
+        wrapped function. <tt>_.indexOf</tt> now takes an optional flag for
+        finding the insertion index in an array that is guaranteed to already
+        be sorted. Avoiding the use of <tt>.callee</tt>, to allow <tt>_.isArray</tt>
+        to work properly in ES5's strict mode.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.3</b> &mdash; <small><i>Dec 1, 2010</i></small><br />
+        In CommonJS, Underscore may now be required with just: <br />
+        <tt>var _ = require("underscore")</tt>.
+        Added <tt>_.throttle</tt> and <tt>_.debounce</tt> functions.
+        Removed <tt>_.breakLoop</tt>, in favor of an ECMA5-style un-<i>break</i>-able
+        each implementation &mdash; this removes the try/catch, and you'll now have
+        better stack traces for exceptions that are thrown within an Underscore iterator.
+        Improved the <b>isType</b> family of functions for better interoperability
+        with Internet Explorer host objects.
+        <tt>_.template</tt> now correctly escapes backslashes in templates.
+        Improved <tt>_.reduce</tt> compatibility with the ECMA5 version:
+        if you don't pass an initial value, the first item in the collection is used.
+        <tt>_.each</tt> no longer returns the iterated collection, for improved
+        consistency with ES5's <tt>forEach</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.2</b><br />
+        Fixed <tt>_.contains</tt>, which was mistakenly pointing at
+        <tt>_.intersect</tt> instead of <tt>_.include</tt>, like it should
+        have been. Added <tt>_.unique</tt> as an alias for <tt>_.uniq</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.1</b><br />
+        Improved the speed of <tt>_.template</tt>, and its handling of multiline
+        interpolations. Ryan Tenney contributed optimizations to many Underscore
+        functions. An annotated version of the source code is now available.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.1.0</b><br />
+        The method signature of <tt>_.reduce</tt> has been changed to match
+        the ECMAScript 5 signature, instead of the Ruby/Prototype.js version.
+        This is a backwards-incompatible change. <tt>_.template</tt> may now be
+        called with no arguments, and preserves whitespace. <tt>_.contains</tt>
+        is a new alias for <tt>_.include</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.0.4</b><br />
+        <a href="http://themoell.com/">Andri Möll</a> contributed the <tt>_.memoize</tt>
+        function, which can be used to speed up expensive repeated computations
+        by caching the results.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.0.3</b><br />
+        Patch that makes <tt>_.isEqual</tt> return <tt>false</tt> if any property
+        of the compared object has a <tt>NaN</tt> value. Technically the correct
+        thing to do, but of questionable semantics. Watch out for NaN comparisons.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.0.2</b><br />
+        Fixes <tt>_.isArguments</tt> in recent versions of Opera, which have
+        arguments objects as real Arrays.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.0.1</b><br />
+        Bugfix for <tt>_.isEqual</tt>, when comparing two objects with the same
+        number of undefined keys, but with different names.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">1.0.0</b><br />
+        Things have been stable for many months now, so Underscore is now
+        considered to be out of beta, at <b>1.0</b>. Improvements since <b>0.6</b>
+        include <tt>_.isBoolean</tt>, and the ability to have <tt>_.extend</tt>
+        take multiple source objects.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.6.0</b><br />
+        Major release. Incorporates a number of
+        <a href="http://github.com/ratbeard">Mile Frawley's</a> refactors for
+        safer duck-typing on collection functions, and cleaner internals. A new
+        <tt>_.mixin</tt> method that allows you to extend Underscore with utility
+        functions of your own. Added <tt>_.times</tt>, which works the same as in
+        Ruby or Prototype.js. Native support for ECMAScript 5's <tt>Array.isArray</tt>,
+        and <tt>Object.keys</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.8</b><br />
+        Fixed Underscore's collection functions to work on
+        <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/DOM/NodeList">NodeLists</a> and
+        <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/DOM/HTMLCollection">HTMLCollections</a>
+        once more, thanks to
+        <a href="http://github.com/jmtulloss">Justin Tulloss</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.7</b><br />
+        A safer implementation of <tt>_.isArguments</tt>, and a
+        faster <tt>_.isNumber</tt>,<br />thanks to
+        <a href="http://jedschmidt.com/">Jed Schmidt</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.6</b><br />
+        Customizable delimiters for <tt>_.template</tt>, contributed by
+        <a href="http://github.com/iamnoah">Noah Sloan</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.5</b><br />
+        Fix for a bug in MobileSafari's OOP-wrapper, with the arguments object.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.4</b><br />
+        Fix for multiple single quotes within a template string for
+        <tt>_.template</tt>. See:
+        <a href="http://www.west-wind.com/Weblog/posts/509108.aspx">Rick Strahl's blog post</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.2</b><br />
+        New implementations of <tt>isArray</tt>, <tt>isDate</tt>, <tt>isFunction</tt>,
+        <tt>isNumber</tt>, <tt>isRegExp</tt>, and <tt>isString</tt>, thanks to
+        a suggestion from
+        <a href="http://www.broofa.com/">Robert Kieffer</a>.
+        Instead of doing <tt>Object#toString</tt>
+        comparisons, they now check for expected properties, which is less safe,
+        but more than an order of magnitude faster. Most other Underscore
+        functions saw minor speed improvements as a result.
+        <a href="http://dolzhenko.org/">Evgeniy Dolzhenko</a>
+        contributed <tt>_.tap</tt>,
+        <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/core-1.9/classes/Object.html#M000191">similar to Ruby 1.9's</a>,
+        which is handy for injecting side effects (like logging) into chained calls.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.1</b><br />
+        Added an <tt>_.isArguments</tt> function. Lots of little safety checks
+        and optimizations contributed by
+        <a href="http://github.com/iamnoah/">Noah Sloan</a> and
+        <a href="http://themoell.com/">Andri Möll</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.5.0</b><br />
+        <b>[API Changes]</b> <tt>_.bindAll</tt> now takes the context object as
+        its first parameter. If no method names are passed, all of the context
+        object's methods are bound to it, enabling chaining and easier binding.
+        <tt>_.functions</tt> now takes a single argument and returns the names
+        of its Function properties. Calling <tt>_.functions(_)</tt> will get you
+        the previous behavior.
+        Added <tt>_.isRegExp</tt> so that <tt>isEqual</tt> can now test for RegExp equality.
+        All of the "is" functions have been shrunk down into a single definition.
+        <a href="http://github.com/grayrest/">Karl Guertin</a> contributed patches.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.7</b><br />
+        Added <tt>isDate</tt>, <tt>isNaN</tt>, and <tt>isNull</tt>, for completeness.
+        Optimizations for <tt>isEqual</tt> when checking equality between Arrays
+        or Dates. <tt>_.keys</tt> is now <small><i><b>25%&ndash;2X</b></i></small> faster (depending on your
+        browser) which speeds up the functions that rely on it, such as <tt>_.each</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.6</b><br />
+        Added the <tt>range</tt> function, a port of the
+        <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range">Python
+        function of the same name</a>, for generating flexibly-numbered lists
+        of integers. Original patch contributed by
+        <a href="http://github.com/kylichuku">Kirill Ishanov</a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.5</b><br />
+        Added <tt>rest</tt> for Arrays and arguments objects, and aliased
+        <tt>first</tt> as <tt>head</tt>, and <tt>rest</tt> as <tt>tail</tt>,
+        thanks to <a href="http://github.com/lukesutton/">Luke Sutton</a>'s patches.
+        Added tests ensuring that all Underscore Array functions also work on
+        <i>arguments</i> objects.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.4</b><br />
+        Added <tt>isString</tt>, and <tt>isNumber</tt>, for consistency. Fixed
+        <tt>_.isEqual(NaN, NaN)</tt> to return <i>true</i> (which is debatable).
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.3</b><br />
+        Started using the native <tt>StopIteration</tt> object in browsers that support it.
+        Fixed Underscore setup for CommonJS environments.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.2</b><br />
+        Renamed the unwrapping function to <tt>value</tt>, for clarity.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.1</b><br />
+        Chained Underscore objects now support the Array prototype methods, so
+        that you can perform the full range of operations on a wrapped array
+        without having to break your chain. Added a <tt>breakLoop</tt> method
+        to <b>break</b> in the middle of any Underscore iteration. Added an
+        <tt>isEmpty</tt> function that works on arrays and objects.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.4.0</b><br />
+        All Underscore functions can now be called in an object-oriented style,
+        like so: <tt>_([1, 2, 3]).map(...);</tt>. Original patch provided by
+        <a href="http://macournoyer.com/">Marc-André Cournoyer</a>.
+        Wrapped objects can be chained through multiple
+        method invocations. A <a href="#object-functions"><tt>functions</tt></a> method
+        was added, providing a sorted list of all the functions in Underscore.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.3.3</b><br />
+        Added the JavaScript 1.8 function <tt>reduceRight</tt>. Aliased it
+        as <tt>foldr</tt>, and aliased <tt>reduce</tt> as <tt>foldl</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.3.2</b><br />
+        Now runs on stock <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/">Rhino</a>
+        interpreters with: <tt>load("underscore.js")</tt>.
+        Added <a href="#identity"><tt>identity</tt></a> as a utility function.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.3.1</b><br />
+        All iterators are now passed in the original collection as their third
+        argument, the same as JavaScript 1.6's <b>forEach</b>. Iterating over
+        objects is now called with <tt>(value, key, collection)</tt>, for details
+        see <a href="#each"><tt>_.each</tt></a>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.3.0</b><br />
+        Added <a href="http://github.com/dmitryBaranovskiy">Dmitry Baranovskiy</a>'s
+        comprehensive optimizations, merged in
+        <a href="http://github.com/kriskowal/">Kris Kowal</a>'s patches to make Underscore
+        <a href="http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/CommonJS">CommonJS</a> and
+        <a href="http://narwhaljs.org/">Narwhal</a> compliant.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.2.0</b><br />
+        Added <tt>compose</tt> and <tt>lastIndexOf</tt>, renamed <tt>inject</tt> to
+        <tt>reduce</tt>, added aliases for <tt>inject</tt>, <tt>filter</tt>,
+        <tt>every</tt>, <tt>some</tt>, and <tt>forEach</tt>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.1.1</b><br />
+        Added <tt>noConflict</tt>, so that the "Underscore" object can be assigned to
+        other variables.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <b class="header">0.1.0</b><br />
+        Initial release of Underscore.js.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <a href="http://documentcloud.org/" title="A DocumentCloud Project" style="background:none;">
+          <img src="http://jashkenas.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a_documentcloud_project.png" alt="A DocumentCloud Project" />
+        </a>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- Include Underscore, so you can play with it in the console. -->
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="underscore.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>