trackler 2.2.1.53 → 2.2.1.54

data/tracks/python/exercises/book-store/README.md

@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 To try and encourage more sales of different books from a popular 5 book
 series, a bookshop has decided to offer discounts on multiple book purchases.
 
-One copy of any of the five books costs $8. 
+One copy of any of the five books costs $8.
 
 If, however, you buy two different books, you get a 5%
 discount on those two books.
 
-If you buy 3 different books, you get a 10% discount. 
+If you buy 3 different books, you get a 10% discount.
 
 If you buy 4 different books, you get a 20% discount.
 
-If you buy all 5, you get a 25% discount. 
+If you buy all 5, you get a 25% discount.
 
 Note: that if you buy four books, of which 3 are
 different titles, you get a 10% discount on the 3 that
-form part of a set, but the fourth book still costs $8. 
+form part of a set, but the fourth book still costs $8.
 
 Your mission is to write a piece of code to calculate the
 price of any conceivable shopping basket (containing only
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ For example, how much does this basket of books cost?
 - 2 copies of the third book
 - 1 copy of the fourth book
 - 1 copy of the fifth book
- 
+
 One way of grouping these 8 books is:
 
 - 1 group of 5 --> 25% discount (1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th)
@@ -67,13 +67,12 @@ For a total of $51.20
 
 And $51.20 is the price with the biggest discount.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/bracket-push/README.md

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 Given a string containing brackets `[]`, braces `{}` and parentheses `()`,
 verify that all the pairs are matched and nested correctly.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/change/README.md

@@ -16,19 +16,18 @@ that the sum of the coins' value would equal the correct amount of change.
 - Can you ask for negative change?
 - Can you ask for a change value smaller than the smallest coin value?
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 
 ## Source
 
-Software Craftsmanship - Kata-logue [http://craftsmanship.sv.cmu.edu/exercises/coin-change-kata](http://craftsmanship.sv.cmu.edu/exercises/coin-change-kata)
+Software Craftsmanship - Coin Change Kata [https://web.archive.org/web/20130115115225/http://craftsmanship.sv.cmu.edu:80/exercises/coin-change-kata](https://web.archive.org/web/20130115115225/http://craftsmanship.sv.cmu.edu:80/exercises/coin-change-kata)
 
 ## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
 It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/python/exercises/circular-buffer/README.md

@@ -31,25 +31,31 @@ If the buffer has 7 elements then it is completely full:
 When the buffer is full an error will be raised, alerting the client
 that further writes are blocked until a slot becomes free.
 
-The client can opt to overwrite the oldest data with a forced write. In
-this case, two more elements — A & B — are added and they overwrite the
-3 & 4:
+When the buffer is full, the client can opt to overwrite the oldest
+data with a forced write. In this case, two more elements — A & B —
+are added and they overwrite the 3 & 4:
 
     [6][7][8][9][A][B][5]
 
-Finally, if two elements are now removed then what would be returned is
-not 3 & 4 but 5 & 6 because A & B overwrote the 3 & the 4 yielding the
-buffer with:
+3 & 4 have been replaced by A & B making 5 now the oldest data in the
+buffer. Finally, if two elements are removed then what would be
+returned is 5 & 6 yielding the buffer:
 
     [ ][7][8][9][A][B][ ]
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+Because there is space available, if the client again uses overwrite
+to store C & D then the space where 5 & 6 were stored previously will
+be used not the location of 7 & 8. 7 is still the oldest element and
+the buffer is once again full.
+
+    [D][7][8][9][A][B][C]
+
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/clock/README.md

@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ You should be able to add and subtract minutes to it.
 
 Two clocks that represent the same time should be equal to each other.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/clock/clock_test.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import unittest
 
 from clock import Clock
 
+# Tests adapted from `problem-specifications//canonical-data.json` @ v1.0.1
+
 
 class ClockTest(unittest.TestCase):
     # Test creating a new clock with an initial time.

data/tracks/python/exercises/collatz-conjecture/.meta/hints.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Notes
+
+The Collatz Conjecture is only concerned with strictly positive integers, so your solution should return `None` if given 0 or a negative integer.

data/tracks/python/exercises/collatz-conjecture/README.md

@@ -9,25 +9,8 @@ always reach 1 eventually.
 
 Given a number n, return the number of steps required to reach 1.
 
-(Keep in mind that the Conjecture is only concerned with strictly positive
-integers, so your solution should return `None` if given 0 or a negative
-integer.)
-
 ## Examples
 
-Starting with n = 3, the steps would be as follows:
-
-0. 3
-1. 10
-2. 5
-3. 16
-4. 8
-5. 4
-6. 2
-7. 1
-
-Resulting in 7 steps. So for input n = 3, the return value would be 7.
-
 Starting with n = 12, the steps would be as follows:
 
 0. 12
@@ -43,13 +26,17 @@ Starting with n = 12, the steps would be as follows:
 
 Resulting in 9 steps. So for input n = 12, the return value would be 9.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Notes
+
+The Collatz Conjecture is only concerned with strictly positive integers, so your solution should raise a `ValueError` with a meaningful message if given 0 or a negative integer.
+
+
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/complex-numbers/README.md

@@ -2,15 +2,41 @@
 
 A complex number is a number in the form `a + b * i` where `a` and `b` are real and `i` satisfies `i^2 = -1`.
 
+`a` is called the real part and `b` is called the imaginary part of `z`.
+The conjugate of the number `a + b * i` is the number `a - b * i`.
+The absolute value of a complex number `z = a + b * i` is a real number `|z| = sqrt(a^2 + b^2)`. The square of the absolute value `|z|^2` is the result of multiplication of `z` by its complex conjugate.
+
+The sum/difference of two complex numbers involves adding/subtracting their real and imaginary parts separately:
+`(a + i * b) + (c + i * d) = (a + c) + (b + d) * i`,
+`(a + i * b) - (c + i * d) = (a - c) + (b - d) * i`.
+
+Multiplication result is by definition
+`(a + i * b) * (c + i * d) = (a * c - b * d) + (b * c + a * d) * i`.
+
+The reciprocal of a non-zero complex number is
+`1 / (a + i * b) = a/(a^2 + b^2) - b/(a^2 + b^2) * i`.
+
+Dividing a complex number `a + i * b` by another `c + i * d` gives:
+`(a + i * b) / (c + i * d) = (a * c + b * d)/(c^2 + d^2) + (b * c - a * d)/(c^2 + d^2) * i`.
+
+Exponent of a complex number can be expressed as
+`exp(a + i * b) = exp(a) * exp(i * b)`,
+and the last term is given by Euler's formula `exp(i * b) = cos(b) + i * sin(b)`.
+
+
+Implement the following operations:
+ - addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two complex numbers,
+ - conjugate, absolute value, exponent of a given complex number.
+
+
 Assume the programming language you are using does not have an implementation of complex numbers.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/crypto-square/README.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ and `r` is the number of rows.
 Our normalized text is 54 characters long, dictating a rectangle with
 `c = 8` and `r = 7`:
 
-```plain
+```text
 ifmanwas
 meanttos
 tayonthe
@@ -41,22 +41,24 @@ right.
 
 The message above is coded as:
 
-```plain
+```text
 imtgdvsfearwermayoogoanouuiontnnlvtwttddesaohghnsseoau
 ```
 
-Output the encoded text in chunks.  Phrases that fill perfect squares
-`(r X r)` should be output in `r`-length chunks separated by spaces.
-Imperfect squares will have `n` empty spaces.  Those spaces should be distributed evenly across the last `n` rows.
+Output the encoded text in chunks.  Phrases that fill perfect rectangles
+`(r X c)` should be output `c` chunks of `r` length, separated by spaces.
+Phrases that do not fill perfect rectangles will have `n` empty spaces.
+Those spaces should be distributed evenly, added to the end of the last
+`n` chunks.
 
-```plain
-imtgdvs fearwer mayoogo anouuio ntnnlvt wttddes aohghn sseoau
+```text
+imtgdvs fearwer mayoogo anouuio ntnnlvt wttddes aohghn  sseoau 
 ```
 
 Notice that were we to stack these, we could visually decode the
 cyphertext back in to the original message:
 
-```plain
+```text
 imtgdvs
 fearwer
 mayoogo
@@ -67,13 +69,12 @@ aohghn
 sseoau
 ```
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/diamond/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Diamond
 
-The diamond kata takes as its input a letter, and outputs it in a diamond 
-shape. Given a letter, it prints a diamond starting with 'A', with the 
+The diamond kata takes as its input a letter, and outputs it in a diamond
+shape. Given a letter, it prints a diamond starting with 'A', with the
 supplied letter at the widest point.
 
 ## Requirements
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ supplied letter at the widest point.
 * The diamond has a square shape (width equals height).
 * The letters form a diamond shape.
 * The top half has the letters in ascending order.
-* The bottom half has the letters in descending order. 
+* The bottom half has the letters in descending order.
 * The four corners (containing the spaces) are triangles.
 
 ## Examples
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ In the following examples, spaces are indicated by `·` characters.
 
 Diamond for letter 'A':
 
-```plain
+```text
 A
 ```
 
 Diamond for letter 'C':
 
-```plain
+```text
 ··A··
 ·B·B·
 C···C
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ C···C
 
 Diamond for letter 'E':
 
-```plain
+```text
 ····A····
 ···B·B···
 ··C···C··
@@ -52,13 +52,12 @@ E·······E
 ····A····
 ```
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/difference-of-squares/README.md

@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ Hence the difference between the square of the sum of the first
 ten natural numbers and the sum of the squares of the first ten
 natural numbers is 3025 - 385 = 2640.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/diffie-hellman/.meta/hints.md

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ For this reason, in version 3.6, Python introduced the `secrets` module, which g
 cryptographically strong random numbers that provide the greater security required for cryptography.
 
 Since this is only an exercise, `random` is fine to use, but note that **it would be
-very insecure if actually used for cryptography.**
+very insecure if actually used for cryptography.**

data/tracks/python/exercises/diffie-hellman/README.md

@@ -54,15 +54,16 @@ cryptographically strong random numbers that provide the greater security requir
 Since this is only an exercise, `random` is fine to use, but note that **it would be
 very insecure if actually used for cryptography.**
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
+
 ## Source
 
 Wikipedia, 1024 bit key from www.cryptopp.com/wiki. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange)

data/tracks/python/exercises/error-handling/.meta/hints.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Hints
+
+For the `filelike_objects_are_closed_on_exception` function, the `filelike_object`
+will be an instance of a custom `FileLike` class defined in the test suite. This
+class implements the following methods:
+- `open` and `close`, for explicit opening and closing.
+- `__enter__` and `__exit__`, for implicit opening and closing.
+- `do_something`, which may or may not throw an `Exception`.

data/tracks/python/exercises/error-handling/README.md

@@ -9,13 +9,21 @@ This exercise requires you to handle various errors. Because error handling
 is rather programming language specific you'll have to refer to the tests
 for your track to see what's exactly required.
 
-### Submitting Exercises
+## Hints
+
+For the `filelike_objects_are_closed_on_exception` function, the `filelike_object`
+will be an instance of a custom `FileLike` class defined in the test suite. This
+class implements the following methods:
+- `open` and `close`, for explicit opening and closing.
+- `__enter__` and `__exit__`, for implicit opening and closing.
+- `do_something`, which may or may not throw an `Exception`.
+
+## Submitting Exercises
 
 Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure the solution is in the `exercism/python/<exerciseName>` directory.
 
 For example, if you're submitting `bob.py` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/python/bob/bob.py`.
 
-
 For more detailed information about running tests, code style and linting,
 please see the [help page](http://exercism.io/languages/python).
 

data/tracks/python/exercises/error-handling/error_handling_test.py

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ import error_handling as er
 
 
 class FileLike(object):
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, fail_something=True):
         self.is_open = False
         self.was_open = False
         self.did_something = False
+        self.fail_something = fail_something
 
     def open(self):
         self.was_open = False
@@ -26,7 +27,8 @@ class FileLike(object):
 
     def do_something(self):
         self.did_something = True
-        raise Exception()
+        if self.fail_something:
+            raise Exception()
 
 
 class ErrorHandlingTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingTest(unittest.TestCase):
                       'Invalid input should not be successful')
 
     def test_filelike_objects_are_closed_on_exception(self):
-        filelike_object = FileLike()
+        filelike_object = FileLike(fail_something=True)
         with self.assertRaises(Exception):
             er.filelike_objects_are_closed_on_exception(filelike_object)
         self.assertIs(filelike_object.is_open, False,
@@ -61,6 +63,16 @@ class ErrorHandlingTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIs(filelike_object.did_something, True,
                       'filelike_object should call do_something()')
 
+    def test_filelike_objects_are_closed_without_exception(self):
+        filelike_object = FileLike(fail_something=False)
+        er.filelike_objects_are_closed_on_exception(filelike_object)
+        self.assertIs(filelike_object.is_open, False,
+                      'filelike_object should be closed')
+        self.assertIs(filelike_object.was_open, True,
+                      'filelike_object should have been opened')
+        self.assertIs(filelike_object.did_something, True,
+                      'filelike_object should call do_something()')
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()