tdiary 5.2.2 → 5.2.3

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.1.0/gems/sequel-5.59.0/lib/sequel/adapters/shared/mssql.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1163 @@
+# frozen-string-literal: true
+
+require_relative '../utils/emulate_offset_with_row_number'
+require_relative '../utils/split_alter_table'
+
+module Sequel
+  module MSSQL
+    Sequel::Database.set_shared_adapter_scheme(:mssql, self)
+
+    def self.mock_adapter_setup(db)
+      db.instance_exec do
+        @server_version = 11000000
+      end
+    end
+
+    module DatabaseMethods
+      FOREIGN_KEY_ACTION_MAP = {0 => :no_action, 1 => :cascade, 2 => :set_null, 3 => :set_default}.freeze
+
+      include Sequel::Database::SplitAlterTable
+      
+      # Whether to use N'' to quote strings, which allows unicode characters inside the
+      # strings.  True by default for compatibility, can be set to false for a possible
+      # performance increase.  This sets the default for all datasets created from this
+      # Database object.
+      attr_accessor :mssql_unicode_strings
+
+      # Whether to use LIKE without COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS.  Skipping the COLLATE
+      # can significantly increase performance in some cases.
+      attr_accessor :like_without_collate
+
+      # Execute the given stored procedure with the given name.
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # :args :: Arguments to stored procedure.  For named arguments, this should be a
+      #          hash keyed by argument named.  For unnamed arguments, this should be an
+      #          array.  Output parameters to the function are specified using :output.
+      #          You can also name output parameters and provide a type by using an
+      #          array containing :output, the type name, and the parameter name.
+      # :server :: The server/shard on which to execute the procedure.
+      #
+      # This method returns a single hash with the following keys:
+      #
+      # :result :: The result code of the stored procedure
+      # :numrows :: The number of rows affected by the stored procedure
+      # output params :: Values for any output paramters, using the name given for the output parameter
+      #
+      # Because Sequel datasets only support a single result set per query, and retrieving 
+      # the result code and number of rows requires a query, this does not support
+      # stored procedures which also return result sets.  To handle such stored procedures,
+      # you should drop down to the connection/driver level by using Sequel::Database#synchronize
+      # to get access to the underlying connection object.
+      #
+      # Examples:
+      #
+      #     DB.call_mssql_sproc(:SequelTest, {args: ['input arg', :output]})
+      #     DB.call_mssql_sproc(:SequelTest, {args: ['input arg', [:output, 'int', 'varname']]})
+      #
+      #     named params:
+      #     DB.call_mssql_sproc(:SequelTest, args: {
+      #       'input_arg1_name' => 'input arg1 value',
+      #       'input_arg2_name' => 'input arg2 value',
+      #       'output_arg_name' => [:output, 'int', 'varname']
+      #     })
+      def call_mssql_sproc(name, opts=OPTS)
+        args = opts[:args] || []
+        names = ['@RC AS RESULT', '@@ROWCOUNT AS NUMROWS']
+        declarations = ['@RC int']
+        values = []
+
+        if args.is_a?(Hash)
+          named_args = true
+          args = args.to_a
+          method = :each
+        else
+          method = :each_with_index
+        end
+
+        args.public_send(method) do |v, i|
+          if named_args
+            k = v
+            v, type, select = i
+            raise Error, "must provide output parameter name when using output parameters with named arguments" if v == :output && !select
+          else
+            v, type, select = v
+          end
+
+          if v == :output
+            type ||= "nvarchar(max)"
+            if named_args
+              varname = select
+            else
+              varname = "var#{i}"
+              select ||= varname
+            end
+            names << "@#{varname} AS #{quote_identifier(select)}"
+            declarations << "@#{varname} #{type}"
+            value = "@#{varname} OUTPUT"
+          else
+            value = literal(v)
+          end
+
+          if named_args
+            value = "@#{k}=#{value}"
+          end
+
+          values << value
+        end
+
+        sql = "DECLARE #{declarations.join(', ')}; EXECUTE @RC = #{name} #{values.join(', ')}; SELECT #{names.join(', ')}"
+
+        ds = dataset.with_sql(sql)
+        ds = ds.server(opts[:server]) if opts[:server]
+        ds.first
+      end
+
+      def database_type
+        :mssql
+      end
+      
+      # Microsoft SQL Server namespaces indexes per table.
+      def global_index_namespace?
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Return foreign key information using the system views, including
+      # :name, :on_delete, and :on_update entries in the hashes.
+      def foreign_key_list(table, opts=OPTS)
+        m = output_identifier_meth
+        im = input_identifier_meth
+        schema, table = schema_and_table(table)
+        current_schema = m.call(get(Sequel.function('schema_name')))
+        fk_action_map = FOREIGN_KEY_ACTION_MAP
+        fk = Sequel[:fk]
+        fkc = Sequel[:fkc]
+        ds = metadata_dataset.from(Sequel.lit('[sys].[foreign_keys]').as(:fk)).
+          join(Sequel.lit('[sys].[foreign_key_columns]').as(:fkc), :constraint_object_id => :object_id).
+          join(Sequel.lit('[sys].[all_columns]').as(:pc), :object_id => fkc[:parent_object_id],     :column_id => fkc[:parent_column_id]).
+          join(Sequel.lit('[sys].[all_columns]').as(:rc), :object_id => fkc[:referenced_object_id], :column_id => fkc[:referenced_column_id]).
+          where{{object_schema_name(fk[:parent_object_id]) => im.call(schema || current_schema)}}.
+          where{{object_name(fk[:parent_object_id]) => im.call(table)}}.
+          select{[fk[:name], 
+                  fk[:delete_referential_action], 
+                  fk[:update_referential_action], 
+                  pc[:name].as(:column), 
+                  rc[:name].as(:referenced_column), 
+                  object_schema_name(fk[:referenced_object_id]).as(:schema), 
+                  object_name(fk[:referenced_object_id]).as(:table)]}.
+          order(fk[:name], fkc[:constraint_column_id])
+        h = {}
+        ds.each do |row|
+          if r = h[row[:name]]
+            r[:columns] << m.call(row[:column])
+            r[:key] << m.call(row[:referenced_column])
+          else
+            referenced_schema = m.call(row[:schema])
+            referenced_table = m.call(row[:table])
+            h[row[:name]] = { :name      => m.call(row[:name]), 
+                              :table     => (referenced_schema == current_schema) ? referenced_table : Sequel.qualify(referenced_schema, referenced_table),
+                              :columns   => [m.call(row[:column])], 
+                              :key       => [m.call(row[:referenced_column])], 
+                              :on_update => fk_action_map[row[:update_referential_action]], 
+                              :on_delete => fk_action_map[row[:delete_referential_action]] }
+          end
+        end
+        h.values
+      end
+
+      def freeze
+        server_version
+        super
+      end
+
+      # Use the system tables to get index information
+      def indexes(table, opts=OPTS)
+        m = output_identifier_meth
+        im = input_identifier_meth
+        indexes = {}
+        table = table.value if table.is_a?(Sequel::SQL::Identifier)
+        i = Sequel[:i]
+        ds = metadata_dataset.from(Sequel.lit('[sys].[tables]').as(:t)).
+         join(Sequel.lit('[sys].[indexes]').as(:i), :object_id=>:object_id).
+         join(Sequel.lit('[sys].[index_columns]').as(:ic), :object_id=>:object_id, :index_id=>:index_id).
+         join(Sequel.lit('[sys].[columns]').as(:c), :object_id=>:object_id, :column_id=>:column_id).
+         select(i[:name], i[:is_unique], Sequel[:c][:name].as(:column)).
+         where{{t[:name]=>im.call(table)}}.
+         where(i[:is_primary_key]=>0, i[:is_disabled]=>0).
+         order(i[:name], Sequel[:ic][:index_column_id])
+
+        if supports_partial_indexes?
+          ds = ds.where(i[:has_filter]=>0)
+        end
+
+        ds.each do |r|
+          index = indexes[m.call(r[:name])] ||= {:columns=>[], :unique=>(r[:is_unique] && r[:is_unique]!=0)}
+          index[:columns] << m.call(r[:column])
+        end
+        indexes
+      end
+
+      # The version of the MSSQL server, as an integer (e.g. 10001600 for
+      # SQL Server 2008 Express).
+      def server_version(server=nil)
+        return @server_version if @server_version
+        if @opts[:server_version]
+          return @server_version = Integer(@opts[:server_version])
+        end
+        @server_version = synchronize(server) do |conn|
+          (conn.server_version rescue nil) if conn.respond_to?(:server_version)
+        end
+        unless @server_version
+          m = /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/.match(fetch("SELECT CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS varchar)").single_value.to_s)
+          @server_version = (m[1].to_i * 1000000) + (m[2].to_i * 10000) + m[3].to_i
+        end
+        @server_version
+      end
+        
+      # MSSQL 2008+ supports partial indexes.
+      def supports_partial_indexes?
+        dataset.send(:is_2008_or_later?)
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports savepoints, though it doesn't support releasing them
+      def supports_savepoints?
+        true
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL supports transaction isolation levels
+      def supports_transaction_isolation_levels?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports transaction DDL statements.
+      def supports_transactional_ddl?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # Microsoft SQL Server supports using the INFORMATION_SCHEMA to get
+      # information on tables.
+      def tables(opts=OPTS)
+        information_schema_tables('BASE TABLE', opts)
+      end
+
+      # Microsoft SQL Server supports using the INFORMATION_SCHEMA to get
+      # information on views.
+      def views(opts=OPTS)
+        information_schema_tables('VIEW', opts)
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      # Add CLUSTERED or NONCLUSTERED as needed
+      def add_clustered_sql_fragment(sql, opts)
+        clustered = opts[:clustered]
+        unless clustered.nil?
+          sql += " #{'NON' unless clustered}CLUSTERED"
+        end
+
+        sql
+      end
+    
+      # Add dropping of the default constraint to the list of SQL queries.
+      # This is necessary before dropping the column or changing its type.
+      def add_drop_default_constraint_sql(sqls, table, column)
+        if constraint = default_constraint_name(table, column)
+          sqls << "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT #{constraint}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL uses the IDENTITY(1,1) column for autoincrementing columns.
+      def auto_increment_sql
+        'IDENTITY(1,1)'
+      end
+      
+      def alter_table_sql(table, op)
+        case op[:op]
+        when :add_column
+          "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} ADD #{column_definition_sql(op)}"
+        when :drop_column
+          sqls = []
+          add_drop_default_constraint_sql(sqls, table, op[:name])
+          sqls << super
+        when :rename_column
+          "sp_rename #{literal("#{quote_schema_table(table)}.#{quote_identifier(op[:name])}")}, #{literal(metadata_dataset.with_quote_identifiers(false).quote_identifier(op[:new_name]))}, 'COLUMN'"
+        when :set_column_type
+          sqls = []
+          if sch = schema(table)
+            if cs = sch.each{|k, v| break v if k == op[:name]; nil}
+              cs = cs.dup
+              add_drop_default_constraint_sql(sqls, table, op[:name])
+              cs[:default] = cs[:ruby_default]
+              op = cs.merge!(op)
+              default = op.delete(:default)
+            end
+          end
+          sqls << "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} ALTER COLUMN #{column_definition_sql(op)}"
+          sqls << alter_table_sql(table, op.merge(:op=>:set_column_default, :default=>default, :skip_drop_default=>true)) if default
+          sqls
+        when :set_column_null
+          sch = schema(table).find{|k,v| k.to_s == op[:name].to_s}.last
+          type = sch[:db_type]
+          if [:string, :decimal, :blob].include?(sch[:type]) && !["text", "ntext"].include?(type) && (size = (sch[:max_chars] || sch[:column_size]))
+            size = "MAX" if size == -1
+            type += "(#{size}#{", #{sch[:scale]}" if sch[:scale] && sch[:scale].to_i > 0})"
+          end
+          "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_identifier(op[:name])} #{type_literal(:type=>type)} #{'NOT ' unless op[:null]}NULL"
+        when :set_column_default
+          sqls = []
+          add_drop_default_constraint_sql(sqls, table, op[:name]) unless op[:skip_drop_default]
+          sqls << "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier("sequel_#{table}_#{op[:name]}_def")} DEFAULT #{literal(op[:default])} FOR #{quote_identifier(op[:name])}"
+        else
+          super(table, op)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def begin_savepoint_sql(depth)
+        "SAVE TRANSACTION autopoint_#{depth}"
+      end
+
+      def begin_transaction_sql
+        "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL does not allow adding primary key constraints to NULLable columns.
+      def can_add_primary_key_constraint_on_nullable_columns?
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Handle MSSQL specific default format.
+      def column_schema_normalize_default(default, type)
+        if m = /\A(?:\(N?('.*')\)|\(\((-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\)\))\z/.match(default)
+          default = m[1] || m[2]
+        end
+        super(default, type)
+      end
+
+      # Commit the active transaction on the connection, does not release savepoints.
+      def commit_transaction(conn, opts=OPTS)
+        log_connection_execute(conn, commit_transaction_sql) unless savepoint_level(conn) > 1
+      end
+
+      def commit_transaction_sql
+        "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
+      end
+        
+      # MSSQL uses the name of the table to decide the difference between
+      # a regular and temporary table, with temporary table names starting with
+      # a #.
+      def create_table_prefix_sql(name, options)
+        "CREATE TABLE #{quote_schema_table(options[:temp] ? "##{name}" : name)}"
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL doesn't support CREATE TABLE AS, it only supports SELECT INTO.
+      # Emulating CREATE TABLE AS using SELECT INTO is only possible if a dataset
+      # is given as the argument, it can't work with a string, so raise an
+      # Error if a string is given.
+      def create_table_as(name, ds, options)
+        raise(Error, "must provide dataset instance as value of create_table :as option on MSSQL") unless ds.is_a?(Sequel::Dataset)
+        run(ds.into(name).sql)
+      end
+    
+      DATABASE_ERROR_REGEXPS = {
+        /Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint|(Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint.+)?Cannot insert duplicate key/ => UniqueConstraintViolation,
+        /conflicted with the (FOREIGN KEY.*|REFERENCE) constraint/ => ForeignKeyConstraintViolation,
+        /conflicted with the CHECK constraint/ => CheckConstraintViolation,
+        /column does not allow nulls/ => NotNullConstraintViolation,
+        /was deadlocked on lock resources with another process and has been chosen as the deadlock victim/ => SerializationFailure,
+        /Lock request time out period exceeded\./ => DatabaseLockTimeout,
+      }.freeze
+      def database_error_regexps
+        DATABASE_ERROR_REGEXPS
+      end
+
+      # The name of the constraint for setting the default value on the table and column.
+      # The SQL used to select default constraints utilizes MSSQL catalog views which were introduced in 2005.
+      # This method intentionally does not support MSSQL 2000.
+      def default_constraint_name(table, column_name)
+        if server_version >= 9000000
+          table_name = schema_and_table(table).compact.join('.')
+          self[Sequel[:sys][:default_constraints]].
+            where{{:parent_object_id => Sequel::SQL::Function.new(:object_id, table_name), col_name(:parent_object_id, :parent_column_id) => column_name.to_s}}.
+            get(:name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def drop_index_sql(table, op)
+        "DROP INDEX #{quote_identifier(op[:name] || default_index_name(table, op[:columns]))} ON #{quote_schema_table(table)}"
+      end
+      
+      def index_definition_sql(table_name, index)
+        index_name = index[:name] || default_index_name(table_name, index[:columns])
+        raise Error, "Partial indexes are not supported for this database" if index[:where] && !supports_partial_indexes?
+        if index[:type] == :full_text
+          "CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX ON #{quote_schema_table(table_name)} #{literal(index[:columns])} KEY INDEX #{literal(index[:key_index])}"
+        else
+          "CREATE #{'UNIQUE ' if index[:unique]}#{'CLUSTERED ' if index[:type] == :clustered}INDEX #{quote_identifier(index_name)} ON #{quote_schema_table(table_name)} #{literal(index[:columns])}#{" INCLUDE #{literal(index[:include])}" if index[:include]}#{" WHERE #{filter_expr(index[:where])}" if index[:where]}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Backbone of the tables and views support.
+      def information_schema_tables(type, opts)
+        m = output_identifier_meth
+        metadata_dataset.from(Sequel[:information_schema][:tables].as(:t)).
+          select(:table_name).
+          where(:table_type=>type, :table_schema=>(opts[:schema]||'dbo').to_s).
+          map{|x| m.call(x[:table_name])}
+      end
+
+      # Always quote identifiers in the metadata_dataset, so schema parsing works.
+      def _metadata_dataset
+        super.with_quote_identifiers(true)
+      end
+      
+      # Handle clustered and nonclustered primary keys
+      def primary_key_constraint_sql_fragment(opts)
+        add_clustered_sql_fragment(super, opts)
+      end
+      
+      # Use sp_rename to rename the table
+      def rename_table_sql(name, new_name)
+        "sp_rename #{literal(quote_schema_table(name))}, #{quote_identifier(schema_and_table(new_name).pop)}"
+      end
+      
+      def rollback_savepoint_sql(depth)
+        "IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION autopoint_#{depth}"
+      end
+      
+      def rollback_transaction_sql
+        "IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
+      end
+      
+      def schema_column_type(db_type)
+        case db_type
+        when /\A(?:bit)\z/io
+          :boolean
+        when /\A(?:(?:small)?money)\z/io
+          :decimal
+        when /\A(timestamp|rowversion)\z/io
+          :blob
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL uses the INFORMATION_SCHEMA to hold column information, and
+      # parses primary key information from the sysindexes, sysindexkeys,
+      # and syscolumns system tables.
+      def schema_parse_table(table_name, opts)
+        m = output_identifier_meth(opts[:dataset])
+        m2 = input_identifier_meth(opts[:dataset])
+        tn = m2.call(table_name.to_s)
+        info_sch_sch = opts[:information_schema_schema]
+        inf_sch_qual = lambda{|s| info_sch_sch ? Sequel.qualify(info_sch_sch, s) : Sequel[s]}
+        table_id = metadata_dataset.from(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:sys][:objects])).where(:name => tn).select_map(:object_id).first
+
+        identity_cols = metadata_dataset.from(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:sys][:columns])).
+          where(:object_id=>table_id, :is_identity=>true).
+          select_map(:name)
+
+        pk_index_id = metadata_dataset.from(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:sys][:sysindexes])).
+          where(:id=>table_id, :indid=>1..254){{(status & 2048)=>2048}}.
+          get(:indid)
+        pk_cols = metadata_dataset.from(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:sys][:sysindexkeys]).as(:sik)).
+          join(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:sys][:syscolumns]).as(:sc), :id=>:id, :colid=>:colid).
+          where{{sik[:id]=>table_id, sik[:indid]=>pk_index_id}}.
+          select_order_map{sc[:name]}
+
+        ds = metadata_dataset.from(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:information_schema][:tables]).as(:t)).
+         join(inf_sch_qual.call(Sequel[:information_schema][:columns]).as(:c), :table_catalog=>:table_catalog,
+              :table_schema => :table_schema, :table_name => :table_name).
+         select{[column_name.as(:column), data_type.as(:db_type), character_maximum_length.as(:max_chars), column_default.as(:default), is_nullable.as(:allow_null), numeric_precision.as(:column_size), numeric_scale.as(:scale)]}.
+         where{{c[:table_name]=>tn}}
+
+        if schema = opts[:schema]
+          ds = ds.where{{c[:table_schema]=>schema}}
+        end
+
+        ds.map do |row|
+          if row[:primary_key] = pk_cols.include?(row[:column])
+            row[:auto_increment] = identity_cols.include?(row[:column])
+          end
+          row[:allow_null] = row[:allow_null] == 'YES' ? true : false
+          row[:default] = nil if blank_object?(row[:default])
+          row[:type] = if row[:db_type] =~ /number|numeric|decimal/i && row[:scale] == 0
+            :integer
+          else
+            schema_column_type(row[:db_type])
+          end
+          row[:max_length] = row[:max_chars] if row[:type] == :string && row[:max_chars] >= 0
+          [m.call(row.delete(:column)), row]
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Set the mssql_unicode_strings settings from the given options.
+      def set_mssql_unicode_strings
+        @mssql_unicode_strings = typecast_value_boolean(@opts.fetch(:mssql_unicode_strings, true))
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL has both datetime and timestamp classes, most people are going
+      # to want datetime
+      def type_literal_generic_datetime(column)
+        :datetime
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL doesn't have a true boolean class, so it uses bit
+      def type_literal_generic_trueclass(column)
+        :bit
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL uses varbinary(max) type for blobs
+      def type_literal_generic_file(column)
+        :'varbinary(max)'
+      end
+      
+      # Handle clustered and nonclustered unique constraints
+      def unique_constraint_sql_fragment(opts)
+        add_clustered_sql_fragment(super, opts)
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports views with check option, but not local.
+      def view_with_check_option_support
+        true
+      end
+    end
+  
+    module DatasetMethods
+      include(Module.new do
+        Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :select, %w'with select distinct limit columns into from lock join where group having compounds order')
+      end)
+      include EmulateOffsetWithRowNumber
+
+      CONSTANT_MAP = {:CURRENT_DATE=>'CAST(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS DATE)'.freeze, :CURRENT_TIME=>'CAST(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS TIME)'.freeze}.freeze
+      EXTRACT_MAP = {:year=>"yy", :month=>"m", :day=>"d", :hour=>"hh", :minute=>"n", :second=>"s"}.freeze
+      EXTRACT_MAP.each_value(&:freeze)
+      LIMIT_ALL = Object.new.freeze
+
+      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :delete, %w'with delete limit from output from2 where')
+      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :insert, %w'with insert into columns output values')
+      Dataset.def_sql_method(self, :update, [['if is_2005_or_later?', %w'with update limit table set output from where'], ['else', %w'update table set output from where']])
+
+      # Use the database's mssql_unicode_strings setting if the dataset hasn't overridden it.
+      def mssql_unicode_strings
+        opts.has_key?(:mssql_unicode_strings) ? opts[:mssql_unicode_strings] : db.mssql_unicode_strings
+      end
+
+      # Return a cloned dataset with the mssql_unicode_strings option set.
+      def with_mssql_unicode_strings(v)
+        clone(:mssql_unicode_strings=>v)
+      end
+
+      def complex_expression_sql_append(sql, op, args)
+        case op
+        when :'||'
+          super(sql, :+, args)
+        when :LIKE, :"NOT LIKE"
+          super(sql, op, complex_expression_sql_like_args(args, " COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS)"))
+        when :ILIKE, :"NOT ILIKE"
+          super(sql, (op == :ILIKE ? :LIKE : :"NOT LIKE"), complex_expression_sql_like_args(args, " COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS)"))
+        when :<<, :>>
+          complex_expression_emulate_append(sql, op, args)
+        when :extract
+          part = args[0]
+          raise(Sequel::Error, "unsupported extract argument: #{part.inspect}") unless format = EXTRACT_MAP[part]
+          if part == :second
+            expr = args[1]
+            sql << "CAST((datepart(" << format.to_s << ', '
+            literal_append(sql, expr)
+            sql << ') + datepart(ns, '
+            literal_append(sql, expr)
+            sql << ")/1000000000.0) AS double precision)"
+          else
+            sql << "datepart(" << format.to_s << ', '
+            literal_append(sql, args[1])
+            sql << ')'
+          end
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL doesn't support the SQL standard CURRENT_DATE or CURRENT_TIME
+      def constant_sql_append(sql, constant)
+        if c = CONSTANT_MAP[constant]
+          sql << c
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Uses CROSS APPLY to join the given table into the current dataset.
+      def cross_apply(table)
+        join_table(:cross_apply, table)
+      end
+
+      # Disable the use of INSERT OUTPUT
+      def disable_insert_output
+        clone(:disable_insert_output=>true)
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL treats [] as a metacharacter in LIKE expresions.
+      def escape_like(string)
+        string.gsub(/[\\%_\[\]]/){|m| "\\#{m}"}
+      end
+   
+      # MSSQL uses the CONTAINS keyword for full text search
+      def full_text_search(cols, terms, opts = OPTS)
+        terms = "\"#{terms.join('" OR "')}\"" if terms.is_a?(Array)
+        where(Sequel.lit("CONTAINS (?, ?)", cols, terms))
+      end
+
+      # Insert a record, returning the record inserted, using OUTPUT.  Always returns nil without
+      # running an INSERT statement if disable_insert_output is used.  If the query runs
+      # but returns no values, returns false.
+      def insert_select(*values)
+        return unless supports_insert_select?
+        with_sql_first(insert_select_sql(*values)) || false
+      end
+
+      # Add OUTPUT clause unless there is already an existing output clause, then return
+      # the SQL to insert.
+      def insert_select_sql(*values)
+        ds = (opts[:output] || opts[:returning]) ? self : output(nil, [SQL::ColumnAll.new(:inserted)])
+        ds.insert_sql(*values)
+      end
+
+      # Specify a table for a SELECT ... INTO query.
+      def into(table)
+        clone(:into => table)
+      end
+
+      # Allows you to do a dirty read of uncommitted data using WITH (NOLOCK).
+      def nolock
+        lock_style(:dirty)
+      end
+
+      # Uses OUTER APPLY to join the given table into the current dataset.
+      def outer_apply(table)
+        join_table(:outer_apply, table)
+      end
+
+      # Include an OUTPUT clause in the eventual INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE query.
+      #
+      # The first argument is the table to output into, and the second argument
+      # is either an Array of column values to select, or a Hash which maps output
+      # column names to selected values, in the style of #insert or #update.
+      #
+      # Output into a returned result set is not currently supported.
+      #
+      # Examples:
+      #
+      #   dataset.output(:output_table, [Sequel[:deleted][:id], Sequel[:deleted][:name]])
+      #   dataset.output(:output_table, id: Sequel[:inserted][:id], name: Sequel[:inserted][:name])
+      def output(into, values)
+        raise(Error, "SQL Server versions 2000 and earlier do not support the OUTPUT clause") unless supports_output_clause?
+        output = {}
+        case values
+        when Hash
+          output[:column_list], output[:select_list] = values.keys, values.values
+        when Array
+          output[:select_list] = values
+        end
+        output[:into] = into
+        clone(:output => output)
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL uses [] to quote identifiers.
+      def quoted_identifier_append(sql, name)
+        sql << '[' << name.to_s.gsub(/\]/, ']]') << ']'
+      end
+
+      # Emulate RETURNING using the output clause.  This only handles values that are simple column references.
+      def returning(*values)
+        values = values.map do |v|
+          unless r = unqualified_column_for(v)
+            raise(Error, "cannot emulate RETURNING via OUTPUT for value: #{v.inspect}")
+          end
+          r
+        end
+        clone(:returning=>values)
+      end
+
+      # On MSSQL 2012+ add a default order to the current dataset if an offset is used.
+      # The default offset emulation using a subquery would be used in the unordered
+      # case by default, and that also adds a default order, so it's better to just
+      # avoid the subquery.
+      def select_sql
+        if @opts[:offset]
+          raise(Error, "Using with_ties is not supported with an offset on Microsoft SQL Server") if @opts[:limit_with_ties]
+          return order(1).select_sql if is_2012_or_later? && !@opts[:order]
+        end
+        super
+      end
+
+      # The version of the database server.
+      def server_version
+        db.server_version(@opts[:server])
+      end
+
+      def supports_cte?(type=:select)
+        is_2005_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ supports GROUP BY CUBE.
+      def supports_group_cube?
+        is_2005_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ supports GROUP BY ROLLUP
+      def supports_group_rollup?
+        is_2005_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2008+ supports GROUPING SETS
+      def supports_grouping_sets?
+        is_2008_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports insert_select via the OUTPUT clause.
+      def supports_insert_select?
+        supports_output_clause? && !opts[:disable_insert_output]
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ supports INTERSECT and EXCEPT
+      def supports_intersect_except?
+        is_2005_or_later?
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL does not support IS TRUE
+      def supports_is_true?
+        false
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL doesn't support JOIN USING
+      def supports_join_using?
+        false
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2008+ supports MERGE
+      def supports_merge?
+        is_2008_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ supports modifying joined datasets
+      def supports_modifying_joins?
+        is_2005_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL does not support multiple columns for the IN/NOT IN operators
+      def supports_multiple_column_in?
+        false
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL supports NOWAIT.
+      def supports_nowait?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2012+ supports offsets in correlated subqueries.
+      def supports_offsets_in_correlated_subqueries?
+        is_2012_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ supports the OUTPUT clause.
+      def supports_output_clause?
+        is_2005_or_later?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ can emulate RETURNING via the OUTPUT clause.
+      def supports_returning?(type)
+        supports_insert_select?
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL uses READPAST to skip locked rows.
+      def supports_skip_locked?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2005+ supports window functions
+      def supports_window_functions?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL cannot use WHERE 1.
+      def supports_where_true?
+        false
+      end
+      
+      # Use WITH TIES when limiting the result set to also include additional
+      # rows matching the last row.
+      def with_ties
+        clone(:limit_with_ties=>true)
+      end
+
+      protected
+      
+      # If returned primary keys are requested, use OUTPUT unless already set on the
+      # dataset.  If OUTPUT is already set, use existing returning values.  If OUTPUT
+      # is only set to return a single columns, return an array of just that column.
+      # Otherwise, return an array of hashes.
+      def _import(columns, values, opts=OPTS)
+        if opts[:return] == :primary_key && !@opts[:output]
+          output(nil, [SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(:inserted, first_primary_key)])._import(columns, values, opts)
+        elsif @opts[:output]
+          statements = multi_insert_sql(columns, values)
+          ds = naked
+          @db.transaction(opts.merge(:server=>@opts[:server])) do
+            statements.map{|st| ds.with_sql(st)}
+          end.first.map{|v| v.length == 1 ? v.values.first : v}
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      # If the dataset using a order without a limit or offset or custom SQL, 
+      # remove the order.  Compounds on Microsoft SQL Server have undefined
+      # order unless the result is specifically ordered.  Applying the current
+      # order before the compound doesn't work in all cases, such as when
+      # qualified identifiers are used.  If you want to ensure a order
+      # for a compound dataset, apply the order after all compounds have been
+      # added.
+      def compound_from_self
+        if @opts[:offset] && !@opts[:limit] && !is_2012_or_later?
+          clone(:limit=>LIMIT_ALL).from_self
+        elsif @opts[:order]  && !(@opts[:sql] || @opts[:limit] || @opts[:offset])
+          unordered
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Normalize conditions for MERGE WHEN.
+      def _merge_when_conditions_sql(sql, data)
+        if data.has_key?(:conditions)
+          sql << " AND "
+          literal_append(sql, _normalize_merge_when_conditions(data[:conditions]))
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Handle nil, false, and true MERGE WHEN conditions to avoid non-boolean
+      # type error.
+      def _normalize_merge_when_conditions(conditions)
+        case conditions
+        when nil, false
+          {1=>0}
+        when true
+          {1=>1}
+        when Sequel::SQL::DelayedEvaluation
+          Sequel.delay{_normalize_merge_when_conditions(conditions.call(self))}
+        else
+          conditions
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL requires a semicolon at the end of MERGE.
+      def _merge_when_sql(sql)
+        super
+        sql << ';'
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL does not allow ordering in sub-clauses unless TOP (limit) is specified
+      def aggregate_dataset
+        (options_overlap(Sequel::Dataset::COUNT_FROM_SELF_OPTS) && !options_overlap([:limit])) ? unordered.from_self : super
+      end
+
+      # Allow update and delete for unordered, limited datasets only.
+      def check_not_limited!(type)
+        return if @opts[:skip_limit_check] && type != :truncate
+        raise Sequel::InvalidOperation, "Dataset##{type} not suppored on ordered, limited datasets" if opts[:order] && opts[:limit]
+        super if type == :truncate || @opts[:offset]
+      end
+
+      # Whether we are using SQL Server 2005 or later.
+      def is_2005_or_later?
+        server_version >= 9000000
+      end
+
+      # Whether we are using SQL Server 2008 or later.
+      def is_2008_or_later?
+        server_version >= 10000000
+      end
+
+      # Whether we are using SQL Server 2012 or later.
+      def is_2012_or_later?
+        server_version >= 11000000
+      end
+
+      # Determine whether to add the COLLATE for LIKE arguments, based on the Database setting.
+      def complex_expression_sql_like_args(args, collation)
+        if db.like_without_collate
+          args
+        else
+          args.map{|a| Sequel.lit(["(", collation], a)}
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Use strict ISO-8601 format with T between date and time,
+      # since that is the format that is multilanguage and not
+      # DATEFORMAT dependent.
+      def default_timestamp_format
+        "'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%N%z'"
+      end
+
+      # Only include the primary table in the main delete clause
+      def delete_from_sql(sql)
+        sql << ' FROM '
+        source_list_append(sql, @opts[:from][0..0])
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports FROM clauses in DELETE and UPDATE statements.
+      def delete_from2_sql(sql)
+        if joined_dataset?
+          select_from_sql(sql)
+          select_join_sql(sql)
+        end
+      end
+      alias update_from_sql delete_from2_sql
+
+      def delete_output_sql(sql)
+        output_sql(sql, :DELETED)
+      end
+
+      # There is no function on Microsoft SQL Server that does character length
+      # and respects trailing spaces (datalength respects trailing spaces, but
+      # counts bytes instead of characters).  Use a hack to work around the
+      # trailing spaces issue.
+      def emulate_function?(name)
+        name == :char_length || name == :trim
+      end
+
+      def emulate_function_sql_append(sql, f)
+        case f.name
+        when :char_length
+          literal_append(sql, SQL::Function.new(:len, Sequel.join([f.args.first, 'x'])) - 1)
+        when :trim
+          literal_append(sql, SQL::Function.new(:ltrim, SQL::Function.new(:rtrim, f.args.first)))
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Microsoft SQL Server 2012+ has native support for offsets, but only for ordered datasets.
+      def emulate_offset_with_row_number?
+        super && !(is_2012_or_later? && @opts[:order])
+      end
+      
+      # Return the first primary key for the current table.  If this table has
+      # multiple primary keys, this will only return one of them.  Used by #_import.
+      def first_primary_key
+        @db.schema(self).map{|k, v| k if v[:primary_key] == true}.compact.first
+      end
+
+      def insert_output_sql(sql)
+        output_sql(sql, :INSERTED)
+      end
+      alias update_output_sql insert_output_sql
+
+      # Handle CROSS APPLY and OUTER APPLY JOIN types
+      def join_type_sql(join_type)
+        case join_type
+        when :cross_apply
+          'CROSS APPLY'
+        when :outer_apply
+          'OUTER APPLY'
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL uses a literal hexidecimal number for blob strings
+      def literal_blob_append(sql, v)
+        sql << '0x' << v.unpack("H*").first
+      end
+      
+      # Use YYYYmmdd format, since that's the only format that is
+      # multilanguage and not DATEFORMAT dependent.
+      def literal_date(v)
+        v.strftime("'%Y%m%d'")
+      end
+
+      # Use 0 for false on MSSQL
+      def literal_false
+        '0'
+      end
+
+      # Optionally use unicode string syntax for all strings. Don't double
+      # backslashes.
+      def literal_string_append(sql, v)
+        sql << (mssql_unicode_strings ? "N'" : "'")
+        sql << v.gsub("'", "''").gsub(/\\((?:\r\n)|\n)/, '\\\\\\\\\\1\\1') << "'"
+      end
+      
+      # Use 1 for true on MSSQL
+      def literal_true
+        '1'
+      end
+      
+      # MSSQL 2008+ supports multiple rows in the VALUES clause, older versions
+      # can use UNION.
+      def multi_insert_sql_strategy
+        is_2008_or_later? ? :values : :union
+      end
+
+      def non_sql_option?(key)
+        super || key == :disable_insert_output || key == :mssql_unicode_strings
+      end
+
+      def select_into_sql(sql)
+        if i = @opts[:into]
+          sql << " INTO "
+          identifier_append(sql, i)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL 2000 uses TOP N for limit.  For MSSQL 2005+ TOP (N) is used
+      # to allow the limit to be a bound variable.
+      def select_limit_sql(sql)
+        if l = @opts[:limit]
+          return if is_2012_or_later? && @opts[:order] && @opts[:offset]
+          shared_limit_sql(sql, l)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def shared_limit_sql(sql, l)
+        if is_2005_or_later?
+          if l == LIMIT_ALL
+            sql << " TOP (100) PERCENT"
+          else
+            sql << " TOP ("
+            literal_append(sql, l)
+            sql << ')'
+          end
+        else
+          sql << " TOP "
+          literal_append(sql, l)
+        end
+
+        if @opts[:limit_with_ties]
+          sql << " WITH TIES"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def update_limit_sql(sql)
+        if l = @opts[:limit]
+          shared_limit_sql(sql, l)
+        end
+      end
+      alias delete_limit_sql update_limit_sql
+
+      # Handle dirty, skip locked, and for update locking
+      def select_lock_sql(sql)
+        lock = @opts[:lock]
+        skip_locked = @opts[:skip_locked]
+        nowait = @opts[:nowait]
+        for_update = lock == :update
+        dirty = lock == :dirty
+        lock_hint = for_update || dirty
+
+        if lock_hint || skip_locked
+          sql << " WITH ("
+
+          if lock_hint
+            sql << (for_update ? 'UPDLOCK' : 'NOLOCK')
+          end
+
+          if skip_locked || nowait
+            sql << ', ' if lock_hint
+            sql << (skip_locked ? "READPAST" : "NOWAIT")
+          end
+
+          sql << ')'
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      # On 2012+ when there is an order with an offset, append the offset (and possible
+      # limit) at the end of the order clause.
+      def select_order_sql(sql)
+        super
+        if is_2012_or_later? && @opts[:order]
+          if o = @opts[:offset]
+            sql << " OFFSET "
+            literal_append(sql, o)
+            sql << " ROWS"
+
+            if l = @opts[:limit]
+              sql << " FETCH NEXT "
+              literal_append(sql, l)
+              sql << " ROWS ONLY"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def output_sql(sql, type)
+        return unless supports_output_clause?
+        if output = @opts[:output]
+          output_list_sql(sql, output)
+        elsif values = @opts[:returning]
+          output_returning_sql(sql, type, values)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def output_list_sql(sql, output)
+        sql << " OUTPUT "
+        column_list_append(sql, output[:select_list])
+        if into = output[:into]
+          sql << " INTO "
+          identifier_append(sql, into)
+          if column_list = output[:column_list]
+            sql << ' ('
+            source_list_append(sql, column_list)
+            sql << ')'
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def output_returning_sql(sql, type, values)
+        sql << " OUTPUT "
+        if values.empty?
+          literal_append(sql, SQL::ColumnAll.new(type))
+        else
+          values = values.map do |v|
+            case v
+            when SQL::AliasedExpression
+              Sequel.qualify(type, v.expression).as(v.alias)
+            else
+              Sequel.qualify(type, v)
+            end
+          end
+          column_list_append(sql, values)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL does not natively support NULLS FIRST/LAST.
+      def requires_emulating_nulls_first?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports 100-nsec precision for time columns, but ruby by
+      # default only supports usec precision.
+      def sqltime_precision
+        6
+      end
+
+      # MSSQL supports millisecond timestamp precision for datetime columns.
+      # 100-nsec precision is supported for datetime2 columns, but Sequel does
+      # not know what the column type is when formatting values.
+      def timestamp_precision
+        3
+      end
+
+      # Only include the primary table in the main update clause
+      def update_table_sql(sql)
+        sql << ' '
+        source_list_append(sql, @opts[:from][0..0])
+      end
+
+      def uses_with_rollup?
+        !is_2008_or_later?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end