tdiary 5.0.1 → 5.0.2

data/vendor/bundle/gems/sequel-4.37.0/lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1006 @@
+# frozen-string-literal: true
+
+module Sequel
+  class Database
+    # ---------------------
+    # :section: 2 - Methods that modify the database schema
+    # These methods execute code on the database that modifies the database's schema.
+    # ---------------------
+
+    AUTOINCREMENT = 'AUTOINCREMENT'.freeze
+    COMMA_SEPARATOR = ', '.freeze
+    NOT_NULL = ' NOT NULL'.freeze
+    NULL = ' NULL'.freeze
+    PRIMARY_KEY = ' PRIMARY KEY'.freeze
+    TEMPORARY = 'TEMPORARY '.freeze
+    UNDERSCORE = '_'.freeze
+    UNIQUE = ' UNIQUE'.freeze
+    UNSIGNED = ' UNSIGNED'.freeze
+
+    # The order of column modifiers to use when defining a column.
+    COLUMN_DEFINITION_ORDER = [:collate, :default, :null, :unique, :primary_key, :auto_increment, :references]
+
+    # The default options for join table columns.
+    DEFAULT_JOIN_TABLE_COLUMN_OPTIONS = {:null=>false}
+
+    # The alter table operations that are combinable.
+    COMBINABLE_ALTER_TABLE_OPS = [:add_column, :drop_column, :rename_column,
+      :set_column_type, :set_column_default, :set_column_null,
+      :add_constraint, :drop_constraint]
+
+    # Adds a column to the specified table. This method expects a column name,
+    # a datatype and optionally a hash with additional constraints and options:
+    #
+    #   DB.add_column :items, :name, :text, :unique => true, :null => false
+    #   DB.add_column :items, :category, :text, :default => 'ruby'
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def add_column(table, *args)
+      alter_table(table) {add_column(*args)}
+    end
+    
+    # Adds an index to a table for the given columns:
+    # 
+    #   DB.add_index :posts, :title
+    #   DB.add_index :posts, [:author, :title], :unique => true
+    #
+    # Options:
+    # :ignore_errors :: Ignore any DatabaseErrors that are raised
+    # :name :: Name to use for index instead of default
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def add_index(table, columns, options=OPTS)
+      e = options[:ignore_errors]
+      begin
+        alter_table(table){add_index(columns, options)}
+      rescue DatabaseError
+        raise unless e
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Alters the given table with the specified block. Example:
+    #
+    #   DB.alter_table :items do
+    #     add_column :category, :text, :default => 'ruby'
+    #     drop_column :category
+    #     rename_column :cntr, :counter
+    #     set_column_type :value, :float
+    #     set_column_default :value, :float
+    #     add_index [:group, :category]
+    #     drop_index [:group, :category]
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Note that +add_column+ accepts all the options available for column
+    # definitions using <tt>create_table</tt>, and +add_index+ accepts all the options
+    # available for index definition.
+    #
+    # See <tt>Schema::AlterTableGenerator</tt> and the {"Migrations and Schema Modification" guide}[rdoc-ref:doc/migration.rdoc].
+    def alter_table(name, generator=nil, &block)
+      generator ||= alter_table_generator(&block)
+      remove_cached_schema(name)
+      apply_alter_table_generator(name, generator)
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Return a new Schema::AlterTableGenerator instance with the receiver as
+    # the database and the given block.
+    def alter_table_generator(&block)
+      alter_table_generator_class.new(self, &block)
+    end
+
+    # Create a join table using a hash of foreign keys to referenced
+    # table names.  Example:
+    #
+    #   create_join_table(:cat_id=>:cats, :dog_id=>:dogs)
+    #   # CREATE TABLE cats_dogs (
+    #   #  cat_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES cats,
+    #   #  dog_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES dogs,
+    #   #  PRIMARY KEY (cat_id, dog_id)
+    #   # )
+    #   # CREATE INDEX cats_dogs_dog_id_cat_id_index ON cats_dogs(dog_id, cat_id)
+    #
+    # The primary key and index are used so that almost all operations
+    # on the table can benefit from one of the two indexes, and the primary
+    # key ensures that entries in the table are unique, which is the typical
+    # desire for a join table.
+    #
+    # You can provide column options by making the values in the hash
+    # be option hashes, so long as the option hashes have a :table
+    # entry giving the table referenced:
+    #
+    #   create_join_table(:cat_id=>{:table=>:cats, :type=>:Bignum}, :dog_id=>:dogs)
+    #   
+    # You can provide a second argument which is a table options hash:
+    #
+    #   create_join_table({:cat_id=>:cats, :dog_id=>:dogs}, :temp=>true)
+    #
+    # Some table options are handled specially:
+    #
+    # :index_options :: The options to pass to the index
+    # :name :: The name of the table to create
+    # :no_index :: Set to true not to create the second index.
+    # :no_primary_key :: Set to true to not create the primary key.
+    def create_join_table(hash, options=OPTS)
+      keys = hash.keys.sort_by(&:to_s)
+      create_table(join_table_name(hash, options), options) do
+        keys.each do |key|
+          v = hash[key]
+          unless v.is_a?(Hash)
+            v = {:table=>v}
+          end
+          v = DEFAULT_JOIN_TABLE_COLUMN_OPTIONS.merge(v)
+          foreign_key(key, v)
+        end
+        primary_key(keys) unless options[:no_primary_key]
+        index(keys.reverse, options[:index_options] || {}) unless options[:no_index]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Forcibly create a join table, attempting to drop it if it already exists, then creating it.
+    def create_join_table!(hash, options=OPTS)
+      drop_table?(join_table_name(hash, options))
+      create_join_table(hash, options)
+    end
+    
+    # Creates the join table unless it already exists.
+    def create_join_table?(hash, options=OPTS)
+      if supports_create_table_if_not_exists? && options[:no_index]
+        create_join_table(hash, options.merge(:if_not_exists=>true))
+      elsif !table_exists?(join_table_name(hash, options))
+        create_join_table(hash, options)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Creates a table with the columns given in the provided block:
+    #
+    #   DB.create_table :posts do
+    #     primary_key :id
+    #     column :title, :text
+    #     String :content
+    #     index :title
+    #   end
+    #
+    # General options:
+    # :as :: Create the table using the value, which should be either a
+    #        dataset or a literal SQL string.  If this option is used,
+    #        a block should not be given to the method.
+    # :ignore_index_errors :: Ignore any errors when creating indexes.
+    # :temp :: Create the table as a temporary table.
+    #
+    # MySQL specific options:
+    # :charset :: The character set to use for the table.
+    # :collate :: The collation to use for the table.
+    # :engine :: The table engine to use for the table.
+    #
+    # PostgreSQL specific options:
+    # :on_commit :: Either :preserve_rows (default), :drop or :delete_rows. Should
+    #               only be specified when creating a temporary table.
+    # :foreign :: Create a foreign table.  The value should be the name of the
+    #             foreign server that was specified in CREATE SERVER.
+    # :inherits :: Inherit from a different table.  An array can be
+    #              specified to inherit from multiple tables.
+    # :unlogged :: Create the table as an unlogged table.
+    # :options :: The OPTIONS clause to use for foreign tables.  Should be a hash
+    #             where keys are option names and values are option values.  Note
+    #             that option names are unquoted, so you should not use untrusted
+    #             keys.
+    #
+    # See <tt>Schema::Generator</tt> and the {"Schema Modification" guide}[rdoc-ref:doc/schema_modification.rdoc].
+    def create_table(name, options=OPTS, &block)
+      remove_cached_schema(name)
+      options = {:generator=>options} if options.is_a?(Schema::CreateTableGenerator)
+      if sql = options[:as]
+        raise(Error, "can't provide both :as option and block to create_table") if block
+        create_table_as(name, sql, options)
+      else
+        generator = options[:generator] || create_table_generator(&block)
+        create_table_from_generator(name, generator, options)
+        create_table_indexes_from_generator(name, generator, options)
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Forcibly create a table, attempting to drop it if it already exists, then creating it.
+    # 
+    #   DB.create_table!(:a){Integer :a} 
+    #   # SELECT NULL FROM a LIMIT 1 -- check existence
+    #   # DROP TABLE a -- drop table if already exists
+    #   # CREATE TABLE a (a integer)
+    def create_table!(name, options=OPTS, &block)
+      drop_table?(name)
+      create_table(name, options, &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Creates the table unless the table already exists.
+    # 
+    #   DB.create_table?(:a){Integer :a} 
+    #   # SELECT NULL FROM a LIMIT 1 -- check existence
+    #   # CREATE TABLE a (a integer) -- if it doesn't already exist
+    def create_table?(name, options=OPTS, &block)
+      options = options.dup
+      generator = options[:generator] ||= create_table_generator(&block)
+      if generator.indexes.empty? && supports_create_table_if_not_exists?
+        create_table(name, options.merge!(:if_not_exists=>true))
+      elsif !table_exists?(name)
+        create_table(name, options)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Return a new Schema::CreateTableGenerator instance with the receiver as
+    # the database and the given block.
+    def create_table_generator(&block)
+      create_table_generator_class.new(self, &block)
+    end
+    
+    # Creates a view, replacing a view with the same name if one already exists.
+    #
+    #   DB.create_or_replace_view(:some_items, "SELECT * FROM items WHERE price < 100")
+    #   DB.create_or_replace_view(:some_items, DB[:items].filter(:category => 'ruby'))
+    #
+    # For databases where replacing a view is not natively supported, support
+    # is emulated by dropping a view with the same name before creating the view.
+    def create_or_replace_view(name, source, options = OPTS)
+      if supports_create_or_replace_view?
+        options = options.merge(:replace=>true)
+      else
+        drop_view(name) rescue nil
+      end
+
+      create_view(name, source, options)
+    end
+    
+    # Creates a view based on a dataset or an SQL string:
+    #
+    #   DB.create_view(:cheap_items, "SELECT * FROM items WHERE price < 100")
+    #   # CREATE VIEW cheap_items AS
+    #   # SELECT * FROM items WHERE price < 100
+    #
+    #   DB.create_view(:ruby_items, DB[:items].where(:category => 'ruby'))
+    #   # CREATE VIEW ruby_items AS
+    #   # SELECT * FROM items WHERE (category = 'ruby')
+    #
+    #   DB.create_view(:checked_items, DB[:items].where(:foo), :check=>true)
+    #   # CREATE VIEW checked_items AS
+    #   # SELECT * FROM items WHERE foo
+    #   # WITH CHECK OPTION
+    #
+    # Options:
+    # :columns :: The column names to use for the view.  If not given,
+    #             automatically determined based on the input dataset.
+    # :check :: Adds a WITH CHECK OPTION clause, so that attempting to modify 
+    #           rows in the underlying table that would not be returned by the
+    #           view is not allowed.  This can be set to :local to use WITH
+    #           LOCAL CHECK OPTION.
+    #
+    # PostgreSQL/SQLite specific option:
+    # :temp :: Create a temporary view, automatically dropped on disconnect.
+    #
+    # PostgreSQL specific options:
+    # :materialized :: Creates a materialized view, similar to a regular view,
+    #                  but backed by a physical table.
+    # :recursive :: Creates a recursive view.  As columns must be specified for
+    #               recursive views, you can also set them as the value of this
+    #               option.  Since a recursive view requires a union that isn't
+    #               in a subquery, if you are providing a Dataset as the source
+    #               argument, if should probably call the union method with the
+    #               :all=>true and :from_self=>false options.
+    def create_view(name, source, options = OPTS)
+      execute_ddl(create_view_sql(name, source, options))
+      remove_cached_schema(name)
+      nil
+    end
+    
+    # Removes a column from the specified table:
+    #
+    #   DB.drop_column :items, :category
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def drop_column(table, *args)
+      alter_table(table) {drop_column(*args)}
+    end
+    
+    # Removes an index for the given table and column/s:
+    #
+    #   DB.drop_index :posts, :title
+    #   DB.drop_index :posts, [:author, :title]
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def drop_index(table, columns, options=OPTS)
+      alter_table(table){drop_index(columns, options)}
+    end
+
+    # Drop the join table that would have been created with the
+    # same arguments to create_join_table:
+    #
+    #   drop_join_table(:cat_id=>:cats, :dog_id=>:dogs)
+    #   # DROP TABLE cats_dogs
+    def drop_join_table(hash, options=OPTS)
+      drop_table(join_table_name(hash, options), options)
+    end
+    
+    # Drops one or more tables corresponding to the given names:
+    #
+    #   DB.drop_table(:posts) # DROP TABLE posts
+    #   DB.drop_table(:posts, :comments)
+    #   DB.drop_table(:posts, :comments, :cascade=>true)
+    def drop_table(*names)
+      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
+      names.each do |n|
+        execute_ddl(drop_table_sql(n, options))
+        remove_cached_schema(n)
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+    
+    # Drops the table if it already exists.  If it doesn't exist,
+    # does nothing.
+    # 
+    #   DB.drop_table?(:a)
+    #   # SELECT NULL FROM a LIMIT 1 -- check existence
+    #   # DROP TABLE a -- if it already exists
+    def drop_table?(*names)
+      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
+      if supports_drop_table_if_exists?
+        options = options.merge(:if_exists=>true)
+        names.each do |name|
+          drop_table(name, options)
+        end
+      else
+        names.each do |name|
+          drop_table(name, options) if table_exists?(name)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Drops one or more views corresponding to the given names:
+    #
+    #   DB.drop_view(:cheap_items)
+    #   DB.drop_view(:cheap_items, :pricey_items)
+    #   DB.drop_view(:cheap_items, :pricey_items, :cascade=>true)
+    #   DB.drop_view(:cheap_items, :pricey_items, :if_exists=>true)
+    #
+    # Options:
+    # :cascade :: Also drop objects depending on this view.
+    # :if_exists :: Do not raise an error if the view does not exist.
+    #
+    # PostgreSQL specific options:
+    # :materialized :: Drop a materialized view.
+    def drop_view(*names)
+      options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
+      names.each do |n|
+        execute_ddl(drop_view_sql(n, options))
+        remove_cached_schema(n)
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Renames a table:
+    #
+    #   DB.tables #=> [:items]
+    #   DB.rename_table :items, :old_items
+    #   DB.tables #=> [:old_items]
+    def rename_table(name, new_name)
+      execute_ddl(rename_table_sql(name, new_name))
+      remove_cached_schema(name)
+      nil
+    end
+    
+    # Renames a column in the specified table. This method expects the current
+    # column name and the new column name:
+    #
+    #   DB.rename_column :items, :cntr, :counter
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def rename_column(table, *args)
+      alter_table(table) {rename_column(*args)}
+    end
+    
+    # Sets the default value for the given column in the given table:
+    #
+    #   DB.set_column_default :items, :category, 'perl!'
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def set_column_default(table, *args)
+      alter_table(table) {set_column_default(*args)}
+    end
+    
+    # Set the data type for the given column in the given table:
+    #
+    #   DB.set_column_type :items, :price, :float
+    #
+    # See <tt>alter_table</tt>.
+    def set_column_type(table, *args)
+      alter_table(table) {set_column_type(*args)}
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Apply the changes in the given alter table ops to the table given by name.
+    def apply_alter_table(name, ops)
+      alter_table_sql_list(name, ops).each{|sql| execute_ddl(sql)}
+    end
+    
+    # Apply the operations in the given generator to the table given by name.
+    def apply_alter_table_generator(name, generator)
+      apply_alter_table(name, generator.operations)
+    end
+
+    # The class used for alter_table generators.
+    def alter_table_generator_class
+      Schema::AlterTableGenerator
+    end
+    
+    # SQL fragment for given alter table operation.
+    def alter_table_op_sql(table, op)
+      meth = "alter_table_#{op[:op]}_sql"
+      if respond_to?(meth, true)
+        send(meth, table, op)
+      else
+        raise Error, "Unsupported ALTER TABLE operation: #{op[:op]}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_add_column_sql(table, op)
+      "ADD COLUMN #{column_definition_sql(op)}"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_drop_column_sql(table, op)
+      "DROP COLUMN #{quote_identifier(op[:name])}#{' CASCADE' if op[:cascade]}"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_rename_column_sql(table, op)
+      "RENAME COLUMN #{quote_identifier(op[:name])} TO #{quote_identifier(op[:new_name])}"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_set_column_type_sql(table, op)
+      "ALTER COLUMN #{quote_identifier(op[:name])} TYPE #{type_literal(op)}"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_set_column_default_sql(table, op)
+      "ALTER COLUMN #{quote_identifier(op[:name])} SET DEFAULT #{literal(op[:default])}"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_set_column_null_sql(table, op)
+      "ALTER COLUMN #{quote_identifier(op[:name])} #{op[:null] ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_add_constraint_sql(table, op)
+      "ADD #{constraint_definition_sql(op)}"
+    end
+
+    def alter_table_drop_constraint_sql(table, op)
+      quoted_name = quote_identifier(op[:name]) if op[:name]
+      if op[:type] == :foreign_key
+        quoted_name ||= quote_identifier(foreign_key_name(table, op[:columns]))
+      end
+      "DROP CONSTRAINT #{quoted_name}#{' CASCADE' if op[:cascade]}"
+    end
+
+    # The SQL to execute to modify the DDL for the given table name.  op
+    # should be one of the operations returned by the AlterTableGenerator.
+    def alter_table_sql(table, op)
+      case op[:op]
+      when :add_index
+        index_definition_sql(table, op)
+      when :drop_index
+        drop_index_sql(table, op)
+      else
+        "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} #{alter_table_op_sql(table, op)}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Array of SQL DDL modification statements for the given table,
+    # corresponding to the DDL changes specified by the operations.
+    def alter_table_sql_list(table, operations)
+      if supports_combining_alter_table_ops?
+        grouped_ops = []
+        last_combinable = false
+        operations.each do |op|
+          if combinable_alter_table_op?(op)
+            if sql = alter_table_op_sql(table, op)
+              grouped_ops << [] unless last_combinable
+              grouped_ops.last << sql
+              last_combinable = true
+            end
+          elsif sql = alter_table_sql(table, op)
+            Array(sql).each{|s| grouped_ops << s}
+            last_combinable = false
+          end
+        end
+        grouped_ops.map do |gop|
+          if gop.is_a?(Array)
+            "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(table)} #{gop.join(', ')}"
+          else
+            gop
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        operations.map{|op| alter_table_sql(table, op)}.flatten.compact
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # The SQL string specify the autoincrement property, generally used by
+    # primary keys.
+    def auto_increment_sql
+      AUTOINCREMENT
+    end
+    
+    # The order of the column definition, as an array of symbols.
+    def column_definition_order
+      self.class.const_get(:COLUMN_DEFINITION_ORDER)
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL fragment containing the column creation SQL for the given column.
+    def column_definition_sql(column)
+      sql = String.new
+      sql << "#{quote_identifier(column[:name])} #{type_literal(column)}"
+      column_definition_order.each{|m| send(:"column_definition_#{m}_sql", sql, column)}
+      sql
+    end
+
+    # Add auto increment SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_auto_increment_sql(sql, column)
+      sql << " #{auto_increment_sql}" if column[:auto_increment]
+    end
+
+    # Add collate SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_collate_sql(sql, column)
+      if collate = column[:collate]
+        sql << " COLLATE #{collate}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Add default SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_default_sql(sql, column)
+      sql << " DEFAULT #{literal(column[:default])}" if column.include?(:default)
+    end
+    
+    # Add null/not null SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_null_sql(sql, column)
+      null = column.fetch(:null, column[:allow_null])
+      sql << NOT_NULL if null == false
+      sql << NULL if null == true
+    end
+    
+    # Add primary key SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_primary_key_sql(sql, column)
+      if column[:primary_key]
+        if name = column[:primary_key_constraint_name]
+          sql << " CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier(name)}"
+        end
+        sql << PRIMARY_KEY
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Add foreign key reference SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_references_sql(sql, column)
+      if column[:table]
+        if name = column[:foreign_key_constraint_name]
+         sql << " CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier(name)}"
+        end
+        sql << column_references_column_constraint_sql(column)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Add unique constraint SQL fragment to column creation SQL.
+    def column_definition_unique_sql(sql, column)
+      if column[:unique]
+        if name = column[:unique_constraint_name]
+          sql << " CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier(name)}"
+        end
+        sql << UNIQUE
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # SQL for all given columns, used inside a CREATE TABLE block.
+    def column_list_sql(generator)
+      (generator.columns.map{|c| column_definition_sql(c)} + generator.constraints.map{|c| constraint_definition_sql(c)}).join(COMMA_SEPARATOR)
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL fragment for column foreign key references (column constraints)
+    def column_references_column_constraint_sql(column)
+      column_references_sql(column)
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL fragment for column foreign key references
+    def column_references_sql(column)
+      sql = String.new
+      sql << " REFERENCES #{quote_schema_table(column[:table])}"
+      sql << "(#{Array(column[:key]).map{|x| quote_identifier(x)}.join(COMMA_SEPARATOR)})" if column[:key]
+      sql << " ON DELETE #{on_delete_clause(column[:on_delete])}" if column[:on_delete]
+      sql << " ON UPDATE #{on_update_clause(column[:on_update])}" if column[:on_update]
+      constraint_deferrable_sql_append(sql, column[:deferrable])
+      sql
+    end
+  
+    # SQL DDL fragment for table foreign key references (table constraints)
+    def column_references_table_constraint_sql(constraint)
+      "FOREIGN KEY #{literal(constraint[:columns])}#{column_references_sql(constraint)}"
+    end
+
+    # Whether the given alter table operation is combinable.
+    def combinable_alter_table_op?(op)
+      # Use a dynamic lookup for easier overriding in adapters
+      COMBINABLE_ALTER_TABLE_OPS.include?(op[:op])
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL fragment specifying a constraint on a table.
+    def constraint_definition_sql(constraint)
+      sql = String.new
+      sql << "CONSTRAINT #{quote_identifier(constraint[:name])} " if constraint[:name] 
+      case constraint[:type]
+      when :check
+        check = constraint[:check]
+        check = check.first if check.is_a?(Array) && check.length == 1
+        check = filter_expr(check)
+        check = "(#{check})" unless check[0..0] == '(' && check[-1..-1] == ')'
+        sql << "CHECK #{check}"
+      when :primary_key
+        sql << "PRIMARY KEY #{literal(constraint[:columns])}"
+      when :foreign_key
+        sql << column_references_table_constraint_sql(constraint.merge(:deferrable=>nil))
+      when :unique
+        sql << "UNIQUE #{literal(constraint[:columns])}"
+      else
+        raise Error, "Invalid constraint type #{constraint[:type]}, should be :check, :primary_key, :foreign_key, or :unique"
+      end
+      constraint_deferrable_sql_append(sql, constraint[:deferrable])
+      sql
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL fragment specifying the deferrable constraint attributes.
+    def constraint_deferrable_sql_append(sql, defer)
+      case defer
+      when nil
+      when false
+        sql << ' NOT DEFERRABLE'
+      when :immediate
+        sql << ' DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE'
+      else
+        sql << ' DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED'
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Execute the create table statements using the generator.
+    def create_table_from_generator(name, generator, options)
+      execute_ddl(create_table_sql(name, generator, options))
+    end
+
+    # The class used for create_table generators.
+    def create_table_generator_class
+      Schema::CreateTableGenerator
+    end
+    
+    # Execute the create index statements using the generator.
+    def create_table_indexes_from_generator(name, generator, options)
+      e = options[:ignore_index_errors] || options[:if_not_exists]
+      generator.indexes.each do |index|
+        begin
+          index_sql_list(name, [index]).each{|sql| execute_ddl(sql)}
+        rescue Error
+          raise unless e
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # DDL statement for creating a table with the given name, columns, and options
+    def create_table_sql(name, generator, options)
+      unless supports_named_column_constraints?
+        # Split column constraints into table constraints if they have a name
+        generator.columns.each do |c|
+          if (constraint_name = c.delete(:foreign_key_constraint_name)) && (table = c.delete(:table))
+            opts = {}
+            opts[:name] = constraint_name
+            [:key, :on_delete, :on_update, :deferrable].each{|k| opts[k] = c[k]}
+            generator.foreign_key([c[:name]], table, opts)
+          end
+          if (constraint_name = c.delete(:unique_constraint_name)) && c.delete(:unique)
+            generator.unique(c[:name], :name=>constraint_name)
+          end
+          if (constraint_name = c.delete(:primary_key_constraint_name)) && c.delete(:primary_key)
+            generator.primary_key([c[:name]], :name=>constraint_name)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      "#{create_table_prefix_sql(name, options)} (#{column_list_sql(generator)})"
+    end
+
+    # Run a command to create the table with the given name from the given
+    # SELECT sql statement.
+    def create_table_as(name, sql, options)
+      sql = sql.sql if sql.is_a?(Sequel::Dataset)
+      run(create_table_as_sql(name, sql, options))
+    end
+    
+    # DDL statement for creating a table from the result of a SELECT statement.
+    # +sql+ should be a string representing a SELECT query.
+    def create_table_as_sql(name, sql, options)
+      "#{create_table_prefix_sql(name, options)} AS #{sql}"
+    end
+
+    # DDL fragment for initial part of CREATE TABLE statement
+    def create_table_prefix_sql(name, options)
+      "CREATE #{temporary_table_sql if options[:temp]}TABLE#{' IF NOT EXISTS' if options[:if_not_exists]} #{options[:temp] ? quote_identifier(name) : quote_schema_table(name)}"
+    end
+
+    # DDL fragment for initial part of CREATE VIEW statement
+    def create_view_prefix_sql(name, options)
+      create_view_sql_append_columns("CREATE #{'OR REPLACE 'if options[:replace]}VIEW #{quote_schema_table(name)}", options[:columns])
+    end
+
+    # DDL statement for creating a view.
+    def create_view_sql(name, source, options)
+      source = source.sql if source.is_a?(Dataset)
+      sql = String.new
+      sql << "#{create_view_prefix_sql(name, options)} AS #{source}"
+      if check = options[:check]
+        sql << " WITH#{' LOCAL' if check == :local} CHECK OPTION"
+      end
+      sql
+    end
+
+    # Append the column list to the SQL, if a column list is given.
+    def create_view_sql_append_columns(sql, columns)
+      sql = sql.dup
+      if columns
+        sql << ' ('
+        schema_utility_dataset.send(:identifier_list_append, sql, columns)
+        sql << ')'
+      end
+      sql
+    end
+
+    # Default index name for the table and columns, may be too long
+    # for certain databases.
+    def default_index_name(table_name, columns)
+      schema, table = schema_and_table(table_name)
+      "#{"#{schema}_" if schema}#{table}_#{columns.map{|c| [String, Symbol].any?{|cl| c.is_a?(cl)} ? c : literal(c).gsub(/\W/, '_')}.join(UNDERSCORE)}_index"
+    end
+  
+    # Get foreign key name for given table and columns.
+    def foreign_key_name(table_name, columns)
+      keys = foreign_key_list(table_name).select{|key| key[:columns] == columns}
+      raise(Error, "#{keys.empty? ? 'Missing' : 'Ambiguous'} foreign key for #{columns.inspect}") unless keys.size == 1
+      keys.first[:name]
+    end
+    
+    # The SQL to drop an index for the table.
+    def drop_index_sql(table, op)
+      "DROP INDEX #{quote_identifier(op[:name] || default_index_name(table, op[:columns]))}"
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL statement to drop the table with the given name.
+    def drop_table_sql(name, options)
+      "DROP TABLE#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_schema_table(name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:cascade]}"
+    end
+    
+    # SQL DDL statement to drop a view with the given name.
+    def drop_view_sql(name, options)
+      "DROP VIEW#{' IF EXISTS' if options[:if_exists]} #{quote_schema_table(name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:cascade]}"
+    end
+
+    # Proxy the filter_expr call to the dataset, used for creating constraints.
+    def filter_expr(*args, &block)
+      schema_utility_dataset.literal(schema_utility_dataset.send(:filter_expr, *args, &block))
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL statement for creating an index for the table with the given name
+    # and index specifications.
+    def index_definition_sql(table_name, index)
+      index_name = index[:name] || default_index_name(table_name, index[:columns])
+      raise Error, "Index types are not supported for this database" if index[:type]
+      raise Error, "Partial indexes are not supported for this database" if index[:where] && !supports_partial_indexes?
+      "CREATE #{'UNIQUE ' if index[:unique]}INDEX #{quote_identifier(index_name)} ON #{quote_schema_table(table_name)} #{literal(index[:columns])}#{" WHERE #{filter_expr(index[:where])}" if index[:where]}"
+    end
+  
+    # Array of SQL DDL statements, one for each index specification,
+    # for the given table.
+    def index_sql_list(table_name, indexes)
+      indexes.map{|i| index_definition_sql(table_name, i)}
+    end
+
+    # Extract the join table name from the arguments given to create_join_table.
+    # Also does argument validation for the create_join_table method.
+    def join_table_name(hash, options)
+      entries = hash.values
+      raise Error, "must have 2 entries in hash given to (create|drop)_join_table" unless entries.length == 2
+      if options[:name]
+        options[:name]
+      else
+        table_names = entries.map{|e| join_table_name_extract(e)}
+        table_names.map(&:to_s).sort.join('_')
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Extract an individual join table name, which should either be a string
+    # or symbol, or a hash containing one of those as the value for :table.
+    def join_table_name_extract(entry)
+      case entry
+      when Symbol, String
+        entry
+      when Hash
+        join_table_name_extract(entry[:table])
+      else
+        raise Error, "can't extract table name from #{entry.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # SQL DDL ON DELETE fragment to use, based on the given action.
+    # The following actions are recognized:
+    # 
+    # :cascade :: Delete rows referencing this row.
+    # :no_action :: Raise an error if other rows reference this
+    #               row, allow deferring of the integrity check.
+    #               This is the default.
+    # :restrict :: Raise an error if other rows reference this row,
+    #              but do not allow deferring the integrity check.
+    # :set_default :: Set columns referencing this row to their default value.
+    # :set_null :: Set columns referencing this row to NULL.
+    #
+    # Any other object given is just converted to a string, with "_" converted to " " and upcased.
+    def on_delete_clause(action)
+      action.to_s.gsub("_", " ").upcase
+    end
+
+    # Alias of #on_delete_clause, since the two usually behave the same.
+    def on_update_clause(action)
+      on_delete_clause(action)
+    end
+    
+    # Proxy the quote_schema_table method to the dataset
+    def quote_schema_table(table)
+      schema_utility_dataset.quote_schema_table(table)
+    end
+    
+    # SQL DDL statement for renaming a table.
+    def rename_table_sql(name, new_name)
+      "ALTER TABLE #{quote_schema_table(name)} RENAME TO #{quote_schema_table(new_name)}"
+    end
+
+    # Split the schema information from the table
+    def schema_and_table(table_name)
+      schema_utility_dataset.schema_and_table(table_name)
+    end
+
+    # Return true if the given column schema represents an autoincrementing primary key.
+    def schema_autoincrementing_primary_key?(schema)
+      !!(schema[:primary_key] && schema[:auto_increment])
+    end
+
+    # The dataset to use for proxying certain schema methods.
+    def schema_utility_dataset
+      @default_dataset
+    end
+
+    # Split the schema information from the table
+    def split_qualifiers(table_name)
+      schema_utility_dataset.split_qualifiers(table_name)
+    end
+
+    # SQL DDL fragment for temporary table
+    def temporary_table_sql
+      self.class.const_get(:TEMPORARY)
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment specifying the type of a given column.
+    def type_literal(column)
+      case column[:type]
+      when Class
+        type_literal_generic(column)
+      when :Bignum
+        type_literal_generic_bignum_symbol(column)
+      else
+        type_literal_specific(column)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # SQL fragment specifying the full type of a column,
+    # consider the type with possible modifiers.
+    def type_literal_generic(column)
+      meth = "type_literal_generic_#{column[:type].name.to_s.downcase}"
+      if respond_to?(meth, true)
+        send(meth, column)
+      else
+        raise Error, "Unsupported ruby class used as database type: #{column[:type]}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Alias for type_literal_generic_numeric, to make overriding in a subclass easier.
+    def type_literal_generic_bigdecimal(column)
+      type_literal_generic_numeric(column)
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the bigint type by default for Bignums.
+    def type_literal_generic_bignum(column)
+      Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Using the Bignum class as a generic type is deprecated and will be removed in Sequel 4.41.0, as the behavior will change in ruby 2.4. Switch to using the :Bignum symbol.")
+      type_literal_generic_bignum_symbol(column)
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the bigint type by default for :Bignum symbol.
+    def type_literal_generic_bignum_symbol(column)
+      :bigint
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the date type by default for Dates.
+    def type_literal_generic_date(column)
+      :date
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the timestamp type by default for DateTimes.
+    def type_literal_generic_datetime(column)
+      :timestamp
+    end
+
+    # Alias for type_literal_generic_trueclass, to make overriding in a subclass easier.
+    def type_literal_generic_falseclass(column)
+      type_literal_generic_trueclass(column)
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the blob type by default for Files.
+    def type_literal_generic_file(column)
+      :blob
+    end
+
+    # Alias for type_literal_generic_integer, to make overriding in a subclass easier.
+    def type_literal_generic_fixnum(column)
+      type_literal_generic_integer(column)
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the double precision type by default for Floats.
+    def type_literal_generic_float(column)
+      :"double precision"
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the integer type by default for integers
+    def type_literal_generic_integer(column)
+      :integer
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the numeric type by default for Numerics and BigDecimals.
+    # If a size is given, it is used, otherwise, it will default to whatever
+    # the database default is for an unsized value.
+    def type_literal_generic_numeric(column)
+      column[:size] ? "numeric(#{Array(column[:size]).join(', ')})" : :numeric
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the varchar type by default for Strings.  If a
+    # size isn't present, Sequel assumes a size of 255.  If the
+    # :fixed option is used, Sequel uses the char type.  If the
+    # :text option is used, Sequel uses the :text type.
+    def type_literal_generic_string(column)
+      if column[:text]
+        uses_clob_for_text? ? :clob : :text
+      elsif column[:fixed]
+        "char(#{column[:size]||default_string_column_size})"
+      else
+        "varchar(#{column[:size]||default_string_column_size})"
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Sequel uses the timestamp type by default for Time values.
+    # If the :only_time option is used, the time type is used.
+    def type_literal_generic_time(column)
+      column[:only_time] ? :time : :timestamp
+    end
+
+    # Sequel uses the boolean type by default for TrueClass and FalseClass.
+    def type_literal_generic_trueclass(column)
+      :boolean
+    end
+
+    # SQL fragment for the given type of a column if the column is not one of the
+    # generic types specified with a ruby class.
+    def type_literal_specific(column)
+      type = column[:type]
+      type = "double precision" if type.to_s == 'double'
+      column[:size] ||= default_string_column_size if type.to_s == 'varchar'
+      elements = column[:size] || column[:elements]
+      "#{type}#{literal(Array(elements)) if elements}#{UNSIGNED if column[:unsigned]}"
+    end
+
+    # Whether clob should be used for String :text=>true columns.
+    def uses_clob_for_text?
+      false
+    end
+  end
+end