taurus 0.1.0

data/docs/ERROR_MESSAGES.md

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+# Taurus Error Message Catalog
+
+This document provides a comprehensive reference for all error types, codes, causes, and solutions in Taurus.
+
+## Error Types Overview
+
+Taurus provides three main error types:
+
+| Error Type | Purpose | Common Codes |
+|------------|---------|--------------|
+| `Taurus::ParseError` | XML parsing failures | `:parse_failed`, `:unclosed_tag`, `:empty_input` |
+| `Taurus::XPathError` | XPath syntax and evaluation errors | `:xpath_syntax`, `:xpath_function` |
+| `Taurus::EvaluationError` | Runtime evaluation issues | `:xpath_evaluation`, `:xpath_type_error` |
+
+All errors inherit from `StandardError` and provide comprehensive diagnostic information.
+
+## Parse Errors
+
+### EMPTY_INPUT
+
+**Code**: `:empty_input`
+
+**Cause**: Empty string passed to `Taurus.parse()`
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+Taurus.parse('')
+# => Taurus::ParseError: Empty input provided
+#    code: :empty_input
+```
+
+**Solution**: Provide valid XML content. Check your data source before parsing.
+
+**Common Scenarios**:
+- Reading from empty file
+- Network request returned empty body
+- User input was blank
+
+---
+
+### NULL_INPUT
+
+**Code**: `:null_input`
+
+**Cause**: NULL (nil) value passed to parser
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+Taurus.parse(nil)
+# => Taurus::ParseError: NULL input provided
+#    code: :null_input
+```
+
+**Solution**: Ensure input is a valid string. Add nil checks before parsing.
+
+```ruby
+# Good practice
+xml = fetch_xml_data()
+doc = Taurus.parse(xml) if xml && !xml.empty?
+```
+
+---
+
+### PARSE_FAILED
+
+**Code**: `:parse_failed`
+
+**Cause**: Malformed XML structure
+
+**Examples**:
+```ruby
+# Missing closing bracket
+Taurus.parse('<root')
+# => ParseError: Expected '>' at line 1, column 6
+
+# Invalid tag name
+Taurus.parse('<123invalid>')
+# => ParseError: Invalid tag name at line 1, column 2
+
+# Malformed attribute
+Taurus.parse('<root attr=value>')
+# => ParseError: Expected quoted attribute value
+```
+
+**Solution**: Validate XML syntax. Use XML schema validation if available.
+
+**Common Issues**:
+- Missing `>` or `<` characters
+- Invalid characters in tag names
+- Unquoted attribute values
+- Incorrectly nested elements
+
+**Related Documentation**: [XML 1.0 Specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/)
+
+---
+
+### UNCLOSED_TAG
+
+**Code**: `:unclosed_tag`
+
+**Cause**: XML element not properly closed
+
+**Examples**:
+```ruby
+# Missing closing tag
+Taurus.parse('<root><item></root>')
+# => ParseError: Unclosed tag 'item' at line 1, column 7
+#    Context:
+#      <root><item></root>
+#            ^
+
+# Mismatched tags
+Taurus.parse('<root><item></items></root>')
+# => ParseError: Mismatched closing tag at line 1, column 13
+```
+
+**Solution**: Ensure all opening tags have matching closing tags.
+
+**Best Practices**:
+- Use self-closing tags where appropriate: `<item/>`
+- Maintain proper nesting hierarchy
+- Use XML validators during development
+
+---
+
+## XPath Errors
+
+### XPATH_SYNTAX
+
+**Code**: `:xpath_syntax`
+
+**Cause**: Invalid XPath expression syntax
+
+**Examples**:
+
+**Unclosed Predicate**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('//item[')
+# => XPathError: Unexpected token in primary expression: EOF
+#    Line: 1, Column: 8
+#    Context:
+#      //item[
+#             ^
+```
+
+**Missing Attribute Name**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('//item/@')
+# => XPathError: Expected attribute name after '@'
+#    Line: 1, Column: 9
+```
+
+**Invalid Function Syntax**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('count(//item')
+# => XPathError: Unclosed function call
+#    Line: 1, Column: 14
+```
+
+**Solution**: Check XPath syntax against XPath 1.0 specification.
+
+**Common Mistakes**:
+- Forgetting to close brackets `[...]`
+- Missing parentheses in function calls
+- Invalid operator usage
+- Incomplete attribute references
+
+**Related Documentation**: [XPath 1.0 Specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/)
+
+---
+
+### XPATH_FUNCTION
+
+**Code**: `:xpath_function`
+
+**Cause**: Unknown function name or invalid function arguments
+
+**Examples**:
+
+**Unknown Function**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('unknown_func()')
+# => XPathError: Unknown function 'unknown_func' at line 1, column 1
+#    Suggestion: Did you mean count(), concat(), or contains()?
+```
+
+**Wrong Number of Arguments**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('concat("a")')
+# => XPathError: Function 'concat' requires at least 2 arguments, got 1
+#    Line: 1, Column: 1
+
+doc.xpath('ceiling(1, 2)')
+# => XPathError: Function 'ceiling' accepts 1 argument, got 2
+```
+
+**Solution**: Use only XPath 1.0 standard functions with correct arguments.
+
+**XPath 1.0 Functions** (all 27 supported):
+
+**String Functions**:
+- `string(object?)` - Convert to string
+- `concat(string, string, ...)` - Concatenate (2+ args)
+- `starts-with(string, string)` - Prefix test
+- `contains(string, string)` - Substring test
+- `substring(string, number, number?)` - Extract substring
+- `string-length(string?)` - String length
+- `normalize-space(string?)` - Normalize whitespace
+- `translate(string, string, string)` - Character translation
+- `substring-before(string, string)` - Before delimiter
+- `substring-after(string, string)` - After delimiter
+
+**Boolean Functions**:
+- `boolean(object)` - Convert to boolean
+- `not(boolean)` - Logical NOT
+- `true()` - Boolean true
+- `false()` - Boolean false
+- `lang(string)` - Language matching
+
+**Number Functions**:
+- `number(object?)` - Convert to number
+- `sum(node-set)` - Sum node values
+- `floor(number)` - Round down
+- `ceiling(number)` - Round up
+- `round(number)` - Round to nearest
+
+**Node-set Functions**:
+- `count(node-set)` - Count nodes
+- `id(object)` - Select by ID
+- `last()` - Context size
+- `position()` - Context position (1-based)
+- `local-name(node-set?)` - Local name
+- `namespace-uri(node-set?)` - Namespace URI
+- `name(node-set?)` - Qualified name
+
+---
+
+### XPATH_EVALUATION
+
+**Code**: `:xpath_evaluation`
+
+**Cause**: Runtime evaluation error (not a syntax error)
+
+**Examples**:
+
+**Type Conversion Error**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('count("not-a-nodeset")')
+# => XPathError: Function 'count' requires node-set argument
+```
+
+**Division by Zero**:
+```ruby
+doc.xpath('1 div 0')
+# => XPathError: Division by zero in arithmetic expression
+```
+
+**Solution**: Ensure operands are correct types and operations are valid.
+
+**Common Runtime Errors**:
+- Type mismatches in function arguments
+- Invalid arithmetic operations
+- NULL reference errors
+- Out-of-range numeric operations
+
+---
+
+## Error Attributes Reference
+
+All error objects provide these attributes:
+
+### message
+**Type**: String
+**Description**: Human-readable error description
+
+Example:
+```ruby
+rescue Taurus::ParseError => e
+  puts e.message
+  # => "Failed to parse root element at line 1, column 1"
+end
+```
+
+### code
+**Type**: Symbol
+**Description**: Machine-readable error code
+
+Example:
+```ruby
+rescue Taurus::XPathError => e
+  case e.code
+  when :xpath_syntax
+    # Handle syntax errors
+  when :xpath_function
+    # Handle function errors
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### line
+**Type**: Integer (1-based)
+**Description**: Line number where error occurred
+
+### column
+**Type**: Integer (1-based)
+**Description**: Column number where error occurred
+
+### byte_offset
+**Type**: Integer (0-based)
+**Description**: Byte offset in input string
+
+### context
+**Type**: String
+**Description**: Code snippet showing error location with `^` marker
+
+Example:
+```ruby
+rescue Taurus::XPathError => e
+  puts e.context
+  # =>  //book[@id = invalid]
+  #                  ^
+end
+```
+
+## Error Handling Patterns
+
+### Pattern 1: Defensive Parsing
+
+```ruby
+def safe_parse(xml)
+  return nil if xml.nil? || xml.empty?
+  
+  Taurus.parse(xml)
+rescue Taurus::ParseError => e
+  logger.error("XML parse failed: #{e.message}")
+  logger.debug("Error code: #{e.code}")
+  logger.debug("Location: #{e.line}:#{e.column}")
+  nil
+end
+```
+
+### Pattern 2: XPath Validation
+
+```ruby
+def validate_xpath(expression)
+  # Try to parse (without document context)
+  Taurus::XPath.parse(expression)
+  true
+rescue Taurus::XPathError => e
+  warn "Invalid XPath: #{e.message}"
+  warn "At: #{e.line}:#{e.column}"
+  false
+end
+```
+
+### Pattern 3: User-Friendly Error Messages
+
+```ruby
+def execute_query(doc, xpath)
+  doc.xpath(xpath)
+rescue Taurus::XPathError => e
+  case e.code
+  when :xpath_syntax
+    "XPath syntax error at position #{e.column}: #{e.message}"
+  when :xpath_function
+    "Unknown or invalid function: #{e.message}"
+  else
+    "XPath error: #{e.message}"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Pattern 4: Comprehensive Logging
+
+```ruby
+def parse_with_logging(xml, source_name)
+  logger.info("Parsing XML from: #{source_name}")
+  Taurus.parse(xml)
+rescue Taurus::ParseError => e
+  logger.error("Parse failed for #{source_name}")
+  logger.error("  Message: #{e.message}")
+  logger.error("  Code: #{e.code}")
+  logger.error("  Location: line #{e.line}, column #{e.column}")
+  logger.error("  Byte offset: #{e.byte_offset}")
+  logger.debug("  Context:\n#{e.context}")
+  raise
+end
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting Guide
+
+### "Empty input provided"
+
+**Problem**: Trying to parse empty XML
+**Check**: 
+- Is your XML source returning data?
+- Are you reading from the correct file/URL?
+- Is the network request succeeding?
+
+### "Unclosed tag"
+
+**Problem**: Missing closing tag in XML
+**Check**:
+- Count opening vs closing tags
+- Look for self-closing tags that should be regular tags
+- Check nesting hierarchy
+
+### "Unknown function"
+
+**Problem**: Using non-XPath 1.0 function
+**Check**:
+- Is the function name spelled correctly?
+- Is this an XPath 2.0/3.0 function? (not supported yet)
+- See list of 27 supported functions above
+
+### "Unexpected token"
+
+**Problem**: Syntax error in XPath
+**Check**:
+- Are all brackets balanced? `[...]`, `(...)`, `{...}`
+- Are strings properly quoted? `'...'` or `"..."`
+- Are operators used correctly? `=`, `!=`, `<`, `>`, etc.
+
+## Performance Considerations
+
+### Error Context Generation
+
+Error context generation is optimized but has minimal overhead:
+
+**Cost**: ~1-2µs per error (only when error occurs)
+**Impact**: Zero impact on success path
+**Memory**: Temporary allocation, immediately freed
+
+### Best Practices
+
+1. **Validate early**: Check input before processing
+2. **Cache expressions**: Parse XPath once, reuse
+3. **Handle at boundaries**: Catch errors at API boundaries
+4. **Log strategically**: Full details to logs, user-friendly to UI
+
+## Related Documentation
+
+- [XPath 1.0 Specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/)
+- [XML 1.0 Specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/)
+- [Taurus README](../README.adoc) - Main documentation
+- [XPath Spec Compliance](XPATH_SPEC_COMPLIANCE.md) - Feature matrix
+
+## Version History
+
+**v1.0.0** (2024-12-07):
+- Initial comprehensive error handling
+- All error codes documented
+- Context snippets with position markers
+- "Did you mean?" suggestions for functions
+
+---
+
+*For implementation details, see `lib/src/error.c` and `lib/taurus/ffi/errors.rb`*