state_machines 0.0.1

data/lib/state_machines/transition.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+require 'state_machines/transition_collection'
+require 'state_machines/error'
+
+module StateMachines
+  # An invalid transition was attempted
+  class InvalidTransition < Error
+    # The machine attempting to be transitioned
+    attr_reader :machine
+    
+    # The current state value for the machine
+    attr_reader :from
+    
+    def initialize(object, machine, event) #:nodoc:
+      @machine = machine
+      @from_state = machine.states.match!(object)
+      @from = machine.read(object, :state)
+      @event = machine.events.fetch(event)
+      errors = machine.errors_for(object)
+      
+      message = "Cannot transition #{machine.name} via :#{self.event} from #{from_name.inspect}"
+      message << " (Reason(s): #{errors})" unless errors.empty?
+      super(object, message)
+    end
+    
+    # The event that triggered the failed transition
+    def event
+      @event.name
+    end
+    
+    # The fully-qualified name of the event that triggered the failed transition
+    def qualified_event
+      @event.qualified_name
+    end
+    
+    # The name for the current state
+    def from_name
+      @from_state.name
+    end
+    
+    # The fully-qualified name for the current state
+    def qualified_from_name
+      @from_state.qualified_name
+    end
+  end
+  
+  # A set of transition failed to run in parallel
+  class InvalidParallelTransition < Error
+    # The set of events that failed the transition(s)
+    attr_reader :events
+    
+    def initialize(object, events) #:nodoc:
+      @events = events
+      
+      super(object, "Cannot run events in parallel: #{events * ', '}")
+    end
+  end
+  
+  # A transition represents a state change for a specific attribute.
+  # 
+  # Transitions consist of:
+  # * An event
+  # * A starting state
+  # * An ending state
+  class Transition
+    # The object being transitioned
+    attr_reader :object
+    
+    # The state machine for which this transition is defined
+    attr_reader :machine
+    
+    # The original state value *before* the transition
+    attr_reader :from
+    
+    # The new state value *after* the transition
+    attr_reader :to
+    
+    # The arguments passed in to the event that triggered the transition
+    # (does not include the +run_action+ boolean argument if specified)
+    attr_accessor :args
+    
+    # The result of invoking the action associated with the machine
+    attr_reader :result
+    
+    # Whether the transition is only existing temporarily for the object
+    attr_writer :transient
+    
+    # Determines whether the curreny ruby implementation supports pausing and
+    # resuming transitions
+    def self.pause_supported?
+      !defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) || %w(ruby maglev).include?(RUBY_ENGINE)
+    end
+    
+    # Creates a new, specific transition
+    def initialize(object, machine, event, from_name, to_name, read_state = true) #:nodoc:
+      @object = object
+      @machine = machine
+      @args = []
+      @transient = false
+      @resume_block = nil
+      
+      @event = machine.events.fetch(event)
+      @from_state = machine.states.fetch(from_name)
+      @from = read_state ? machine.read(object, :state) : @from_state.value
+      @to_state = machine.states.fetch(to_name)
+      @to = @to_state.value
+      
+      reset
+    end
+    
+    # The attribute which this transition's machine is defined for
+    def attribute
+      machine.attribute
+    end
+    
+    # The action that will be run when this transition is performed
+    def action
+      machine.action
+    end
+    
+    # The event that triggered the transition
+    def event
+      @event.name
+    end
+    
+    # The fully-qualified name of the event that triggered the transition
+    def qualified_event
+      @event.qualified_name
+    end
+    
+    # The human-readable name of the event that triggered the transition
+    def human_event
+      @event.human_name(@object.class)
+    end
+    
+    # The state name *before* the transition
+    def from_name
+      @from_state.name
+    end
+    
+    # The fully-qualified state name *before* the transition
+    def qualified_from_name
+      @from_state.qualified_name
+    end
+    
+    # The human-readable state name *before* the transition
+    def human_from_name
+      @from_state.human_name(@object.class)
+    end
+    
+    # The new state name *after* the transition
+    def to_name
+      @to_state.name
+    end
+    
+    # The new fully-qualified state name *after* the transition
+    def qualified_to_name
+      @to_state.qualified_name
+    end
+    
+    # The new human-readable state name *after* the transition
+    def human_to_name
+      @to_state.human_name(@object.class)
+    end
+    
+    # Does this transition represent a loopback (i.e. the from and to state
+    # are the same)
+    # 
+    # == Example
+    # 
+    #   machine = StateMachine.new(Vehicle)
+    #   StateMachines::Transition.new(Vehicle.new, machine, :park, :parked, :parked).loopback?   # => true
+    #   StateMachines::Transition.new(Vehicle.new, machine, :park, :idling, :parked).loopback?   # => false
+    def loopback?
+      from_name == to_name
+    end
+    
+    # Is this transition existing for a short period only?  If this is set, it
+    # indicates that the transition (or the event backing it) should not be
+    # written to the object if it fails.
+    def transient?
+      @transient
+    end
+    
+    # A hash of all the core attributes defined for this transition with their
+    # names as keys and values of the attributes as values.
+    # 
+    # == Example
+    # 
+    #   machine = StateMachine.new(Vehicle)
+    #   transition = StateMachines::Transition.new(Vehicle.new, machine, :ignite, :parked, :idling)
+    #   transition.attributes   # => {:object => #<Vehicle:0xb7d60ea4>, :attribute => :state, :event => :ignite, :from => 'parked', :to => 'idling'}
+    def attributes
+      @attributes ||= {:object => object, :attribute => attribute, :event => event, :from => from, :to => to}
+    end
+    
+    # Runs the actual transition and any before/after callbacks associated
+    # with the transition.  The action associated with the transition/machine
+    # can be skipped by passing in +false+.
+    # 
+    # == Examples
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle
+    #     state_machine :action => :save do
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
+    #   transition = StateMachines::Transition.new(vehicle, machine, :ignite, :parked, :idling)
+    #   transition.perform                  # => Runs the +save+ action after setting the state attribute
+    #   transition.perform(false)           # => Only sets the state attribute
+    #   transition.perform(Time.now)        # => Passes in additional arguments and runs the +save+ action
+    #   transition.perform(Time.now, false) # => Passes in additional arguments and only sets the state attribute
+    def perform(*args)
+      run_action = [true, false].include?(args.last) ? args.pop : true
+      self.args = args
+      
+      # Run the transition
+      !!TransitionCollection.new([self], :actions => run_action).perform
+    end
+    
+    # Runs a block within a transaction for the object being transitioned.
+    # By default, transactions are a no-op unless otherwise defined by the
+    # machine's integration.
+    def within_transaction
+      machine.within_transaction(object) do
+        yield
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Runs the before / after callbacks for this transition.  If a block is
+    # provided, then it will be executed between the before and after callbacks.
+    # 
+    # Configuration options:
+    # * +before+ - Whether to run before callbacks.
+    # * +after+ - Whether to run after callbacks.  If false, then any around
+    #   callbacks will be paused until called again with +after+ enabled.
+    #   Default is true.
+    # 
+    # This will return true if all before callbacks gets executed.  After
+    # callbacks will not have an effect on the result.
+    def run_callbacks(options = {}, &block)
+      options = {:before => true, :after => true}.merge(options)
+      @success = false
+      
+      halted = pausable { before(options[:after], &block) } if options[:before]
+      
+      # After callbacks are only run if:
+      # * An around callback didn't halt after yielding
+      # * They're enabled or the run didn't succeed
+      after if !(@before_run && halted) && (options[:after] || !@success)
+      
+      @before_run
+    end
+    
+    # Transitions the current value of the state to that specified by the
+    # transition.  Once the state is persisted, it cannot be persisted again
+    # until this transition is reset.
+    # 
+    # == Example
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       event :ignite do
+    #         transition :parked => :idling
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new
+    #   transition = StateMachines::Transition.new(vehicle, Vehicle.state_machine, :ignite, :parked, :idling)
+    #   transition.persist
+    #   
+    #   vehicle.state   # => 'idling'
+    def persist
+      unless @persisted
+        machine.write(object, :state, to)
+        @persisted = true
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Rolls back changes made to the object's state via this transition.  This
+    # will revert the state back to the +from+ value.
+    # 
+    # == Example
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
+    #       event :ignite do
+    #         transition :parked => :idling
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.new     # => #<Vehicle:0xb7b7f568 @state="parked">
+    #   transition = StateMachines::Transition.new(vehicle, Vehicle.state_machine, :ignite, :parked, :idling)
+    #   
+    #   # Persist the new state
+    #   vehicle.state             # => "parked"
+    #   transition.persist
+    #   vehicle.state             # => "idling"
+    #   
+    #   # Roll back to the original state
+    #   transition.rollback
+    #   vehicle.state             # => "parked"
+    def rollback
+      reset
+      machine.write(object, :state, from)
+    end
+    
+    # Resets any tracking of which callbacks have already been run and whether
+    # the state has already been persisted
+    def reset
+      @before_run = @persisted = @after_run = false
+      @paused_block = nil
+    end
+    
+    # Determines equality of transitions by testing whether the object, states,
+    # and event involved in the transition are equal
+    def ==(other)
+      other.instance_of?(self.class) &&
+      other.object == object &&
+      other.machine == machine &&
+      other.from_name == from_name &&
+      other.to_name == to_name &&
+      other.event == event
+    end
+    
+    # Generates a nicely formatted description of this transitions's contents.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   transition = StateMachines::Transition.new(object, machine, :ignite, :parked, :idling)
+    #   transition   # => #<StateMachines::Transition attribute=:state event=:ignite from="parked" from_name=:parked to="idling" to_name=:idling>
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class} #{%w(attribute event from from_name to to_name).map {|attr| "#{attr}=#{send(attr).inspect}"} * ' '}>"
+    end
+    
+    private
+      # Runs a block that may get paused.  If the block doesn't pause, then
+      # execution will continue as normal.  If the block gets paused, then it
+      # will take care of switching the execution context when it's resumed.
+      # 
+      # This will return true if the given block halts for a reason other than
+      # getting paused.
+      def pausable
+        begin
+          halted = !catch(:halt) { yield; true }
+        rescue Exception => error
+          raise unless @resume_block
+        end
+        
+        if @resume_block
+          @resume_block.call(halted, error)
+        else
+          halted
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Pauses the current callback execution.  This should only occur within
+      # around callbacks when the remainder of the callback will be executed at
+      # a later point in time.
+      def pause
+        raise ArgumentError, 'around_transition callbacks cannot be called in multiple execution contexts in java implementations of Ruby. Use before/after_transitions instead.' unless self.class.pause_supported?
+        
+        unless @resume_block
+          require 'continuation' unless defined?(callcc)
+          callcc do |block|
+            @paused_block = block
+            throw :halt, true
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Resumes the execution of a previously paused callback execution.  Once
+      # the paused callbacks complete, the current execution will continue.
+      def resume
+        if @paused_block
+          halted, error = callcc do |block|
+            @resume_block = block
+            @paused_block.call
+          end
+          
+          @resume_block = @paused_block = nil
+          
+          raise error if error
+          !halted
+        else
+          true
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Runs the machine's +before+ callbacks for this transition.  Only
+      # callbacks that are configured to match the event, from state, and to
+      # state will be invoked.
+      # 
+      # Once the callbacks are run, they cannot be run again until this transition
+      # is reset.
+      def before(complete = true, index = 0, &block)
+        unless @before_run
+          while callback = machine.callbacks[:before][index]
+            index += 1
+            
+            if callback.type == :around
+              # Around callback: need to handle recursively.  Execution only gets
+              # paused if:
+              # * The block fails and the callback doesn't run on failures OR
+              # * The block succeeds, but after callbacks are disabled (in which
+              #   case a continuation is stored for later execution)
+              return if catch(:cancel) do
+                callback.call(object, context, self) do
+                  before(complete, index, &block)
+                  
+                  pause if @success && !complete
+                  throw :cancel, true unless @success
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              # Normal before callback
+              callback.call(object, context, self)
+            end
+          end
+          
+          @before_run = true
+        end
+        
+        action = {:success => true}.merge(block_given? ? yield : {})
+        @result, @success = action[:result], action[:success]
+      end
+      
+      # Runs the machine's +after+ callbacks for this transition.  Only
+      # callbacks that are configured to match the event, from state, and to
+      # state will be invoked.
+      # 
+      # Once the callbacks are run, they cannot be run again until this transition
+      # is reset.
+      # 
+      # == Halting
+      # 
+      # If any callback throws a <tt>:halt</tt> exception, it will be caught
+      # and the callback chain will be automatically stopped.  However, this
+      # exception will not bubble up to the caller since +after+ callbacks
+      # should never halt the execution of a +perform+.
+      def after
+        unless @after_run
+          # First resume previously paused callbacks
+          if resume
+            catch(:halt) do
+              type = @success ? :after : :failure
+              machine.callbacks[type].each {|callback| callback.call(object, context, self)}
+            end
+          end
+          
+          @after_run = true
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Gets a hash of the context defining this unique transition (including
+      # event, from state, and to state).
+      # 
+      # == Example
+      # 
+      #   machine = StateMachine.new(Vehicle)
+      #   transition = StateMachines::Transition.new(Vehicle.new, machine, :ignite, :parked, :idling)
+      #   transition.context    # => {:on => :ignite, :from => :parked, :to => :idling}
+      def context
+        @context ||= {:on => event, :from => from_name, :to => to_name}
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/state_machines/transition_collection.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+module StateMachines
+  # Represents a collection of transitions in a state machine
+  class TransitionCollection < Array
+
+    
+    # Whether to skip running the action for each transition's machine
+    attr_reader :skip_actions
+    
+    # Whether to skip running the after callbacks
+    attr_reader :skip_after
+    
+    # Whether transitions should wrapped around a transaction block
+    attr_reader :use_transaction
+    
+    # Creates a new collection of transitions that can be run in parallel.  Each
+    # transition *must* be for a different attribute.
+    # 
+    # Configuration options:
+    # * <tt>:actions</tt> - Whether to run the action configured for each transition
+    # * <tt>:after</tt> - Whether to run after callbacks
+    # * <tt>:transaction</tt> - Whether to wrap transitions within a transaction
+    def initialize(transitions = [], options = {})
+      super(transitions)
+      
+      # Determine the validity of the transitions as a whole
+      @valid = all?
+      reject! {|transition| !transition}
+      
+      attributes = map {|transition| transition.attribute}.uniq
+      fail ArgumentError, 'Cannot perform multiple transitions in parallel for the same state machine attribute' if attributes.length != length
+
+      options.assert_valid_keys(:actions, :after, :transaction)
+      options = {:actions => true, :after => true, :transaction => true}.merge(options)
+      @skip_actions = !options[:actions]
+      @skip_after = !options[:after]
+      @use_transaction = options[:transaction]
+    end
+    
+    # Runs each of the collection's transitions in parallel.
+    # 
+    # All transitions will run through the following steps:
+    # 1. Before callbacks
+    # 2. Persist state
+    # 3. Invoke action
+    # 4. After callbacks (if configured)
+    # 5. Rollback (if action is unsuccessful)
+    # 
+    # If a block is passed to this method, that block will be called instead
+    # of invoking each transition's action.
+    def perform(&block)
+      reset
+      
+      if valid?
+        if use_event_attributes? && !block_given?
+          each do |transition|
+            transition.transient = true
+            transition.machine.write(object, :event_transition, transition)
+          end
+          
+          run_actions
+        else
+          within_transaction do
+            catch(:halt) { run_callbacks(&block) }
+            rollback unless success?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      if actions.length == 1 && results.include?(actions.first)
+        results[actions.first]
+      else
+        success?
+      end
+    end
+    
+    protected
+      attr_reader :results #:nodoc:
+      
+    private
+      # Is this a valid set of transitions?  If the collection was creating with
+      # any +false+ values for transitions, then the the collection will be
+      # marked as invalid.
+      def valid?
+        @valid
+      end
+      
+      # Did each transition perform successfully?  This will only be true if the
+      # following requirements are met:
+      # * No +before+ callbacks halt
+      # * All actions run successfully (always true if skipping actions)
+      def success?
+        @success
+      end
+      
+      # Gets the object being transitioned
+      def object
+        first.object
+      end
+      
+      # Gets the list of actions to run.  If configured to skip actions, then
+      # this will return an empty collection.
+      def actions
+        empty? ? [nil] : map {|transition| transition.action}.uniq
+      end
+      
+      # Determines whether an event attribute be used to trigger the transitions
+      # in this collection or whether the transitions be run directly *outside*
+      # of the action.
+      def use_event_attributes?
+        !skip_actions && !skip_after && actions.all? && actions.length == 1 && first.machine.action_hook?
+      end
+      
+      # Resets any information tracked from previous attempts to perform the
+      # collection
+      def reset
+        @results = {}
+        @success = false
+      end
+      
+      # Runs each transition's callbacks recursively.  Once all before callbacks
+      # have been executed, the transitions will then be persisted and the
+      # configured actions will be run.
+      # 
+      # If any transition fails to run its callbacks, :halt will be thrown.
+      def run_callbacks(index = 0, &block)
+        if transition = self[index]
+          throw :halt unless transition.run_callbacks(:after => !skip_after) do
+            run_callbacks(index + 1, &block)
+            {:result => results[transition.action], :success => success?}
+          end
+        else
+          persist
+          run_actions(&block)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Transitions the current value of the object's states to those specified by
+      # each transition
+      def persist
+        each {|transition| transition.persist}
+      end
+      
+      # Runs the actions for each transition.  If a block is given method, then it
+      # will be called instead of invoking each transition's action.
+      # 
+      # The results of the actions will be used to determine #success?.
+      def run_actions
+        catch_exceptions do
+          @success = if block_given?
+            result = yield
+            actions.each {|action| results[action] = result}
+            !!result
+          else
+            actions.compact.each {|action| !skip_actions && results[action] = object.send(action)}
+            results.values.all?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Rolls back changes made to the object's states via each transition
+      def rollback
+        each {|transition| transition.rollback}
+      end
+      
+      # Wraps the given block with a rescue handler so that any exceptions that
+      # occur will automatically result in the transition rolling back any changes
+      # that were made to the object involved.
+      def catch_exceptions
+        begin
+          yield
+        rescue Exception
+          rollback
+          raise
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Runs a block within a transaction for the object being transitioned.  If
+      # transactions are disabled, then this is a no-op.
+      def within_transaction
+        if use_transaction && !empty?
+          first.within_transaction do
+            yield
+            success?
+          end
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+  end
+  
+  # Represents a collection of transitions that were generated from attribute-
+  # based events
+  class AttributeTransitionCollection < TransitionCollection
+    def initialize(transitions = [], options = {}) #:nodoc:
+      super(transitions, {:transaction => false, :actions => false}.merge(options))
+    end
+    
+    private
+      # Hooks into running transition callbacks so that event / event transition
+      # attributes can be properly updated
+      def run_callbacks(index = 0)
+        if index == 0
+          # Clears any traces of the event attribute to prevent it from being
+          # evaluated multiple times if actions are nested
+          each do |transition|
+            transition.machine.write(object, :event, nil)
+            transition.machine.write(object, :event_transition, nil)
+          end
+          
+          # Rollback only if exceptions occur during before callbacks
+          begin
+            super
+          rescue Exception
+            rollback unless @before_run
+            raise
+          end
+          
+          # Persists transitions on the object if partial transition was successful.
+          # This allows us to reference them later to complete the transition with
+          # after callbacks.          
+          each {|transition| transition.machine.write(object, :event_transition, transition)} if skip_after && success?
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Tracks that before callbacks have now completed
+      def persist
+        @before_run = true
+        super
+      end
+      
+      # Resets callback tracking
+      def reset
+        super
+        @before_run = false
+      end
+      
+      # Resets the event attribute so it can be re-evaluated if attempted again
+      def rollback
+        super
+        each {|transition| transition.machine.write(object, :event, transition.event) unless transition.transient?}
+      end
+  end
+end