schemurai 3.0.0 → 3.0.2

data/ext/schemurai_native/glue.c

@@ -9,6 +9,15 @@
 
 static ID id_resolve, id_schemurai, id_resolution_error;
 static ID id_root, id_compile, id_graph, id_dynamic_anchor, id_dynamic_anchor_names, id_dynamic_anchor_count;
+static ID identity_methods[5];
+/* Classification only requests metadata while Rust is active. Ruby method
+ * lookup, which can create callable entries, runs after that evaluation exits. */
+static _Thread_local const void *active_caches;
+extern int sn_identity_kind(const void *, VALUE);
+/* Runtime cursors fit the positive Fixnum range, checked by Rust. */
+VALUE sn_runtime_ordinal(size_t ordinal) {
+    return ((VALUE)ordinal << 1) | RUBY_FIXNUM_FLAG;
+}
 
 /* The C layer adapts CRuby APIs to Rust's opaque VALUEs. */
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_HASH_STLIKE_FOREACH
@@ -19,14 +28,55 @@ extern int rb_hash_stlike_foreach(VALUE, st_foreach_callback_func *, st_data_t);
 typedef struct { void *engine; const void *roots; VALUE program; int compiling; } holder;
 extern void *sn_new(void);
 extern int sn_compile(void *, VALUE, VALUE, int, int, int, VALUE *);
-extern int sn_valid(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE);
+extern int sn_valid(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, size_t);
 extern size_t sn_node_index(const void *, VALUE);
+extern int sn_callback_kind(const void *, size_t, int *);
+extern int sn_reference_context(const void *);
+extern void sn_scopes_inherit(const void *, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, int);
+extern size_t sn_references_len(const void *, int);
+extern VALUE sn_references_at(const void *, size_t, int);
+extern void sn_reference_pair(void *, VALUE, VALUE);
+extern int sn_scopes_enabled(const void *);
+extern size_t sn_scopes_len(const void *);
+extern VALUE sn_scopes_at(const void *, size_t);
+extern void sn_scopes_accept(const void *, VALUE);
+extern size_t sn_scopes_unwind(const void *);
+
 extern size_t sn_root_index(const void *);
+extern int sn_has_unresolved_references(const void *);
 extern size_t sn_root_count(const void *);
 extern VALUE sn_root_at(const void *, size_t);
 extern void *sn_caches_new(void);
 extern void sn_caches_free(void *);
 extern size_t sn_caches_size(const void *);
+extern void sn_caches_runtime(const void *, const void *);
+extern int sn_caches_pending(const void *, VALUE *, VALUE *, int *);
+extern void sn_caches_mark(const void *);
+extern void sn_caches_begin(const void *);
+extern void sn_caches_observe(const void *);
+extern int sn_caches_take_reorder(const void *);
+extern int sn_caches_rescue_regexp(const void *);
+extern int sn_caches_frame_error(const void *);
+extern size_t sn_pointer_parts(const void *);
+extern void sn_pointer_part(const void *, size_t, const unsigned char **, size_t *, VALUE *);
+extern void sn_pointer_result(const void *, VALUE);
+typedef struct {
+    const unsigned char *keyword;
+    size_t keyword_len;
+    int opcode;
+    VALUE operand, instance;
+    size_t detail;
+    VALUE frame;
+} message_arguments;
+extern void sn_message_arguments(const void *, message_arguments *);
+extern void sn_message_result(const void *, VALUE);
+typedef struct { VALUE rules, instance; size_t child; int required, scalar_kind, scalar_flags; } contains_arguments;
+extern void sn_contains_arguments(const void *, contains_arguments *);
+extern void sn_caches_child(const void *, const void *, int, int);
+extern int sn_caches_is_scalar(const void *);
+extern int sn_caches_deadline_expired(const void *);
+typedef struct { VALUE ordinal, rules, instance; } scalar_arguments;
+extern void sn_scalar_arguments(const void *, scalar_arguments *);
 extern void sn_free(void *);
 extern const void *sn_roots(const void *);
 extern void sn_roots_mark(const void *);
@@ -75,42 +125,165 @@ static VALUE initialize(VALUE self, VALUE program, VALUE compiler, VALUE format,
     int status = sn_compile(h->engine, program, compiler, RTEST(format), RTEST(content),
         RB_TYPE_P(program, T_ARRAY), &error);
     h->compiling = 0;
-    if (status < 0) {
+    if (status != SN_VERDICT_VALID) {
         sn_free(h->engine);
         h->engine = NULL;
         h->roots = NULL;
         if (status == SN_STATUS_EXCEPTION) rb_exc_raise(error);
+        if (status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native compiler encountered an unsupported instruction or operand");
         rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native compiler panicked");
     }
     return self;
 }
-static VALUE valid(VALUE self, VALUE instance) {
-    holder *h;
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, holder, &engine_type, h);
-    if (!h->engine) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "uninitialized native program");
-    if (h->compiling) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native program is still compiling");
-    int status = sn_valid(h->engine, NULL, sn_root_index(h->engine), instance);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
-    if (status < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native evaluator panicked");
-    return status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED ? Qnil : (status ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+static void check_evaluation_status(int status, const char *panic_message) {
+    const char *decimal = NULL;
+    switch (status) {
+        case SN_STATUS_DECIMAL_NAN: decimal = "NaN"; break;
+        case SN_STATUS_DECIMAL_POSITIVE_INFINITY: decimal = "Infinity"; break;
+        case SN_STATUS_DECIMAL_NEGATIVE_INFINITY: decimal = "-Infinity"; break;
+    }
+    if (decimal) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for convert(): \"%s\"", decimal);
+    if (status == SN_STATUS_STACK_ERROR) rb_raise(rb_eSysStackError, "stack level too deep");
+    if (status < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", panic_message);
 }
+static VALUE evaluate_runner(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, int);
+static VALUE build_runner(VALUE, size_t);
 /* Search caches and root selection belong to the owning validator. The Ruby
  * owner keeps the shared engine and all its GC roots alive. */
-typedef struct { VALUE owner; void *caches; size_t root; } runner_holder;
-static void runner_mark(void *ptr) { rb_gc_mark(((runner_holder *)ptr)->owner); }
+typedef struct { size_t max_errors; uint32_t enabled; double timeout; } native_limits;
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE owner, parent, active_budget, callback_scope, child_callbacks;
+    VALUE scope_state, active_scope_state;
+    VALUE report_seed, report_results, error_frame, report_sink;
+    VALUE report_state, active_report_state;
+    VALUE ref_state, vm_active, active_ref_state, active_vm_state;
+    int continuation, scalar_mode, report_sink_done;
+    VALUE regexps, limited_regexps, pointers, messages, frames;
+    VALUE number_state, limited_number_state, string_state, limited_string_state;
+    void *caches;
+    size_t root;
+    int busy, callback_context, scope_owner, closed_limited;
+    int callback_kind, callback_flags;
+    native_limits active_limits;
+    st_table *matches, *frame_indices;
+} runner_holder;
+static int mark_match(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)key);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static int mark_pattern_matches(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)key);
+    st_foreach((st_table *)value, mark_match, 0);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static int release_matches(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    st_free_table((st_table *)value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static int mark_operation(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    st_foreach((st_table *)value, mark_pattern_matches, 0);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static int release_operation(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    st_foreach((st_table *)value, release_matches, 0);
+    st_free_table((st_table *)value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static void runner_mark(void *ptr) {
+    runner_holder *r = ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark(r->owner);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->parent);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->active_budget);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->callback_scope);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->child_callbacks);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->report_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->active_report_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->report_sink);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->report_seed);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->error_frame);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->report_results);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->scope_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->active_scope_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->ref_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->vm_active);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->active_ref_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->active_vm_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->regexps);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->limited_regexps);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->pointers);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->messages);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->frames);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->number_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->string_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->limited_string_state);
+    rb_gc_mark(r->limited_number_state);
+    if (r->caches) sn_caches_mark(r->caches);
+    if (r->matches) st_foreach(r->matches, mark_operation, 0);
+}
 static void runner_release(void *ptr) {
     runner_holder *h = ptr;
     if (h->caches) sn_caches_free(h->caches);
+    if (h->frame_indices) st_free_table(h->frame_indices);
+    if (h->matches) {
+        st_foreach(h->matches, release_operation, 0);
+        st_free_table(h->matches);
+    }
     xfree(h);
 }
+static int match_size(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    *(size_t *)context += st_memsize((st_table *)value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static int operation_size(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t context) {
+    *(size_t *)context += st_memsize((st_table *)value);
+    st_foreach((st_table *)value, match_size, context);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
 static size_t runner_size(const void *ptr) {
     const runner_holder *h = ptr;
-    return sizeof(*h) + (h->caches ? sn_caches_size(h->caches) : 0);
+    size_t bytes = sizeof(*h) + (h->caches ? sn_caches_size(h->caches) : 0);
+    if (h->frame_indices) bytes += st_memsize(h->frame_indices);
+    if (h->matches) {
+        bytes += st_memsize(h->matches);
+        st_foreach(h->matches, operation_size, (st_data_t)&bytes);
+    }
+    return bytes;
+}
+/* Numeric-key lookups only: Rust calls this while borrowing instance storage.
+ * Table mutations, Ruby calls and allocations happen after Rust returns. */
+int sn_cached_runtime(const void *matches, int operation, VALUE source, VALUE instance) {
+    st_data_t sources, bucket, result;
+    if (st_lookup((st_table *)matches, (st_data_t)operation, &sources)
+        && st_lookup((st_table *)sources, (st_data_t)source, &bucket)
+        && st_lookup((st_table *)bucket, (st_data_t)instance, &result)) return (int)result;
+    return SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED;
 }
 static const rb_data_type_t runner_type = {
     "Schemurai::Native::Runner", {runner_mark, runner_release, runner_size, NULL, {NULL}},
     NULL, NULL, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
+/* Share evaluator caches, never runtime observations or borrowed views.
+ * Reentrant independent bounded validations own their limited state. */
+static void copy_states(runner_holder *target, const runner_holder *source, int limited, int merge) {
+#define COPY_STATE(field) if (!merge || !NIL_P(source->field)) target->field = source->field
+    COPY_STATE(regexps);
+    COPY_STATE(number_state);
+    COPY_STATE(string_state);
+    if (limited) {
+        COPY_STATE(limited_regexps);
+        COPY_STATE(limited_number_state);
+        COPY_STATE(limited_string_state);
+    }
+#undef COPY_STATE
+}
+static void publish_states(runner_holder *runner) {
+    if (!NIL_P(runner->parent)) {
+        runner_holder *parent;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(runner->parent, runner_holder, &runner_type, parent);
+        copy_states(parent, runner, runner->callback_context, 1);
+        publish_states(parent);
+    }
+}
 static holder *ready_program(VALUE self) {
     holder *h;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, holder, &engine_type, h);
@@ -118,6 +291,9 @@ static holder *ready_program(VALUE self) {
     if (h->compiling) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native program is still compiling");
     return h;
 }
+static VALUE has_unresolved_references(VALUE self) {
+    return sn_has_unresolved_references(ready_program(self)->engine) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
 static VALUE make_shareable(VALUE self) {
     holder *h = ready_program(self);
     /* TypedData's hidden references must be shareable too. Freeze temporary
@@ -131,18 +307,52 @@ static VALUE runner(VALUE self, VALUE root) {
     holder *h = ready_program(self);
     size_t index = sn_node_index(h->engine, root);
     if (index == SIZE_MAX) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "root was not compiled in this native program");
+    return build_runner(self, index);
+}
+static VALUE build_runner(VALUE self, size_t index) {
     VALUE klass = rb_const_get(rb_obj_class(self), rb_intern_const("Runner"));
     runner_holder *r;
     VALUE object = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, runner_holder, &runner_type, r);
     r->owner = self;
+    r->parent = Qnil;
+    r->active_budget = Qnil;
+    r->callback_scope = Qnil;
+    r->child_callbacks = Qnil;
+    r->report_seed = r->report_results = r->error_frame = r->report_sink = Qnil;
+    r->report_state = r->active_report_state = Qnil;
+    r->scope_state = Qnil;
+    r->active_scope_state = Qnil;
+    r->ref_state = r->vm_active = r->active_ref_state = r->active_vm_state = Qnil;
+    r->scope_owner = 0;
+    r->closed_limited = 0;
+    r->callback_kind = SN_CALLBACK_RUNTIME;
+    r->callback_flags = 0;
+    r->active_limits = (native_limits){0};
+    r->busy = 0;
+    r->callback_context = 0;
+    r->continuation = r->scalar_mode = r->report_sink_done = 0;
+    r->regexps = Qnil;
+    r->limited_regexps = Qnil;
+    r->pointers = Qnil;
+    r->messages = Qnil;
+    r->frames = Qnil;
+    r->number_state = Qnil;
+    r->string_state = Qnil;
+    r->limited_string_state = Qnil;
+    r->limited_number_state = Qnil;
     r->root = index;
+    r->caches = NULL;
+    r->matches = NULL;
+    r->frame_indices = NULL;
+    r->frame_indices = st_init_numtable();
+    r->matches = st_init_numtable();
     r->caches = sn_caches_new();
+    sn_caches_runtime(r->caches, r->matches);
     RB_GC_GUARD(self);
     return object;
 }
-typedef struct { size_t max_errors; uint32_t enabled; double timeout; } native_limits;
 typedef struct { uint32_t kind; size_t attempted; } native_outcome;
-extern int sn_valid_with_limits(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, const native_limits *, native_outcome *);
+extern int sn_valid_with_limits(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, size_t, const native_limits *, native_outcome *);
 static native_limits read_limits(VALUE budget) {
     native_limits limits = {0};
     VALUE cap = rb_funcall(budget, rb_intern("native_max_errors"), 0);
@@ -156,27 +366,57 @@ static void finish_budget(VALUE budget, const native_outcome *outcome) {
     if (outcome->kind) rb_funcall(budget, rb_intern("raise_native_limit"), 2, UINT2NUM(outcome->kind), SIZET2NUM(outcome->attempted));
 }
 static VALUE runner_valid_with_budget(VALUE self, VALUE instance, VALUE budget) {
-    runner_holder *r;
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, r);
-    holder *h = ready_program(r->owner);
-    native_limits limits = read_limits(budget);
-    native_outcome outcome = {0};
-    int status = sn_valid_with_limits(h->engine, r->caches, r->root, instance, &limits, &outcome);
-    if (status < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native evaluator panicked");
-    finish_budget(budget, &outcome);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
-    return status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED ? Qnil : (status ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    return evaluate_runner(self, instance, budget, 0);
 }
 static VALUE runner_valid(VALUE self, VALUE instance) {
-    runner_holder *r;
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, r);
-    holder *h = ready_program(r->owner);
-    int status = sn_valid(h->engine, r->caches, r->root, instance);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
-    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
-    if (status < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native evaluator panicked");
-    return status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED ? Qnil : (status ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+    return evaluate_runner(self, instance, Qnil, 0);
+}
+static VALUE runner_share_scalar_state(VALUE self, VALUE number_state, VALUE regexps, VALUE scopes, VALUE references, VALUE active, VALUE reports) {
+    runner_holder *runner;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, runner);
+    if (runner->busy) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot replace active scalar state");
+    Check_Type(scopes, T_ARRAY);
+    runner->scope_state = scopes;
+    Check_Type(reports, T_ARRAY);
+    runner->report_state = reports;
+    Check_Type(references, T_ARRAY);
+    Check_Type(active, T_HASH);
+    runner->ref_state = references;
+    runner->vm_active = active;
+    runner->number_state = number_state;
+    runner->regexps = regexps;
+    runner->string_state = Qnil;
+    return self;
+}
+/* Library-owned identity maps: these callbacks only copy VALUE pairs to Rust.
+ * No Ruby allocation, dispatch or mutation occurs while Rust borrows its Vec. */
+typedef struct { void *pairs; VALUE program; } reference_walk;
+static int reference_instance(VALUE instance, VALUE unused, VALUE context) {
+    reference_walk *walk = (reference_walk *)context;
+    sn_reference_pair(walk->pairs, walk->program, instance);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+static int reference_program(VALUE program, VALUE instances, VALUE context) {
+    reference_walk walk = {(void *)context, program};
+    rb_hash_foreach(instances, reference_instance, (VALUE)&walk);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+void sn_references_read(VALUE active, void *pairs) {
+    if (!NIL_P(active)) rb_hash_foreach(active, reference_program, (VALUE)pairs);
+}
+static VALUE runner_reference_active(VALUE self, VALUE program, VALUE instance) {
+    runner_holder *runner;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, runner);
+    if (NIL_P(runner->ref_state)) return Qfalse;
+    for (long i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(runner->ref_state); i += 2)
+        if (rb_ary_entry(runner->ref_state, i) == program &&
+            rb_ary_entry(runner->ref_state, i + 1) == instance) return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+static VALUE valid(VALUE self, VALUE instance) {
+    holder *h = ready_program(self);
+    VALUE run = build_runner(self, sn_root_index(h->engine));
+    return runner_valid(run, instance);
 }
 void sn_pin(VALUE value) { rb_gc_mark(value); }
 VALUE sn_nil(void) { return Qnil; }
@@ -203,7 +443,11 @@ int sn_shallow_kind(VALUE value) {
         return SN_TYPE_NUMBER | ((isfinite(n) && trunc(n) == n) ? SN_TYPE_INTEGER : 0);
     }
     if (RB_TYPE_P(value, T_STRING)) return CLASS_OF(value) == rb_cString ? SN_TYPE_STRING : SN_TYPE_UNSUPPORTED;
-    return SN_TYPE_UNSUPPORTED; /* Out-of-domain objects are handled by the Ruby VM. */
+    /* Ordinary Object and Symbol equality is identity. Singleton classes still
+     * retain runtime dispatch, including custom equality/hash/type methods. */
+    if ((RB_SYMBOL_P(value) && CLASS_OF(value) == rb_cSymbol) || CLASS_OF(value) == rb_cObject)
+        return sn_identity_kind(active_caches, CLASS_OF(value));
+    return SN_TYPE_UNSUPPORTED; /* Unusual objects request Ruby predicates or value primitives. */
 }
 int sn_kind(VALUE value) {
     int kind = sn_shallow_kind(value);
@@ -284,6 +528,7 @@ int sn_small_hash(VALUE value, VALUE *entries) {
     return h.count;
 }
 int sn_true(VALUE value) { return value == Qtrue; }
+int sn_truthy(VALUE value) { return RTEST(value); }
 VALUE sn_fixnum_flag(void) {
     /* Enable direct immediate decoding only for the header encoding Rust
      * understands. Zero disables its hints and retains the public adapters. */
@@ -363,6 +608,15 @@ int sn_integer1024(VALUE value, uint64_t *words) {
     return rb_integer_pack(value, words, 16, sizeof(uint64_t), 0,
         INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST | INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
 }
+/* Ordinary Integer scalar operands only. These public adapters neither invoke
+ * Ruby methods nor allocate Ruby objects, so borrowed container views stay valid. */
+size_t sn_integer_word_count(VALUE value) {
+    return rb_absint_numwords(value, 64, NULL);
+}
+int sn_integer_words(VALUE value, uint64_t *words, size_t count) {
+    return rb_integer_pack(value, words, count, sizeof(uint64_t), 0,
+        INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST | INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+}
 int sn_is_bignum(VALUE value) { return RB_TYPE_P(value, T_BIGNUM); }
 /* CRuby's rb_hash dispatches T_BIGNUM directly to its digit hash and returns
  * a Fixnum: no Ruby method dispatch or allocation. Never pass other types,
@@ -476,11 +730,14 @@ typedef struct {
     size_t instance_len;
     const unsigned char *schema_path;
     size_t schema_len;
+    VALUE instance_pointer, schema_pointer;
     int opcode;
     VALUE operand, instance;
     size_t detail;
+    VALUE message;
 } diagnostic_record;
 typedef struct { void *report; } report_holder;
+typedef struct { VALUE buffer, properties, items; } runtime_locations;
 extern void *sn_diagnose(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, int *);
 extern void *sn_diagnose_with_limits(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, int *, const native_limits *, native_outcome *);
 extern size_t sn_report_len(const void *);
@@ -488,6 +745,9 @@ extern size_t sn_report_size(const void *);
 extern void sn_report_record(const void *, size_t, diagnostic_record *);
 extern void sn_report_mark(const void *);
 extern void sn_report_free(void *);
+extern void *sn_report_seed(const void *);
+extern void sn_report_inherit(const void *, const void *);
+extern void sn_report_accept(const void *, const void *);
 static void report_mark(void *ptr) {
     report_holder *h = ptr;
     if (h->report) sn_report_mark(h->report);
@@ -505,60 +765,1395 @@ static const rb_data_type_t report_type = {
     "Schemurai::Native::Diagnostics", {report_mark, report_release, report_size, NULL, {NULL}},
     NULL, NULL, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
-static VALUE collect_diagnostics(VALUE self, VALUE instance, holder *engine, const void *caches, size_t root, VALUE budget) {
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE self, instance, budget;
+    runner_holder *runner;
+    holder *engine;
+    report_holder *report;
+    int status;
+    native_limits limits;
+    int limits_read;
+    int diagnostics;
+} evaluation_call;
+
+/* Retained Ruby blocks keep their evaluator cache scope. Bounded calls own
+ * their caches; unbounded scopes continue sharing the runner's persistent state. */
+static void close_callback_scope(runner_holder *runner) {
+    if (NIL_P(runner->callback_scope)) return;
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(runner->callback_scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    if (!NIL_P(scope->active_budget)) {
+        scope->parent = Qnil;
+        scope->closed_limited = 1;
+        scope->regexps = Qnil;
+        scope->number_state = Qnil;
+        scope->string_state = Qnil;
+    }
+    scope->active_budget = Qnil;
+    scope->active_limits = (native_limits){0};
+    scope->callback_context = 0;
+    sn_caches_begin(scope->caches);
+    runner->callback_scope = Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE clear_runtime(VALUE context) {
+    evaluation_call *call = (evaluation_call *)context;
+    st_foreach(call->runner->matches, release_operation, 0);
+    st_clear(call->runner->matches);
+    call->runner->report_results = Qnil;
+    call->runner->pointers = Qnil;
+    call->runner->messages = Qnil;
+    call->runner->frames = Qnil;
+    call->runner->limited_number_state = Qnil;
+    call->runner->limited_string_state = Qnil;
+    call->runner->limited_regexps = Qnil;
+    st_clear(call->runner->frame_indices);
+    sn_caches_runtime(call->runner->caches, call->runner->matches);
+    sn_caches_begin(call->runner->caches);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+/* Rust owns scope snapshots; the Ruby Array is the evaluator's live scope.
+ * Publishing happens only after native frames and scope-vector loans unwind. */
+static void publish_scope(runner_holder *runner) {
+    if (!sn_scopes_enabled(runner->caches)) return;
+    size_t count = sn_scopes_len(runner->caches);
+    int same = (size_t)RARRAY_LEN(runner->active_scope_state) == count;
+    for (size_t i = 0; same && i < count; i++)
+        same = rb_ary_entry(runner->active_scope_state, i) == sn_scopes_at(runner->caches, i);
+    if (same) return;
+    if (!count) { rb_ary_clear(runner->active_scope_state); return; }
+    VALUE state = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) rb_ary_push(state, sn_scopes_at(runner->caches, i));
+    rb_ary_replace(runner->active_scope_state, state);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(state);
+}
+static void publish_references(runner_holder *runner, int initial) {
+    if (!sn_scopes_enabled(runner->caches)) return;
+    size_t count = sn_references_len(runner->caches, initial);
+    int same = (size_t)RARRAY_LEN(runner->active_ref_state) == count;
+    for (size_t i = 0; same && i < count; i++)
+        same = rb_ary_entry(runner->active_ref_state, i) == sn_references_at(runner->caches, i, initial);
+    if (same) return;
+    if (!count) { rb_ary_clear(runner->active_ref_state); return; }
+    VALUE state = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) rb_ary_push(state, sn_references_at(runner->caches, i, initial));
+    rb_ary_replace(runner->active_ref_state, state);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(state);
+}
+static void evaluate_native(evaluation_call *call) {
+    runner_holder *r = call->runner;
+    native_outcome outcome = {0};
+    if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !call->limits_read) {
+        call->limits = read_limits(call->budget);
+        call->limits_read = 1;
+    }
+    r->active_limits = call->limits;
+    const void *previous_caches = active_caches;
+    active_caches = r->caches;
+    if (call->report) {
+        if (NIL_P(call->budget)) {
+            call->report->report = sn_diagnose(call->engine->engine, r->caches, r->root,
+                call->instance, &call->status);
+        } else {
+            call->report->report = sn_diagnose_with_limits(call->engine->engine, r->caches, r->root,
+                call->instance, &call->status, &call->limits, &outcome);
+        }
+    } else if (NIL_P(call->budget)) {
+        call->status = sn_valid(call->engine->engine, r->caches, r->root, call->instance, 0);
+    } else {
+        call->status = sn_valid_with_limits(call->engine->engine, r->caches, r->root,
+            call->instance, 0, &call->limits, &outcome);
+    }
+    active_caches = previous_caches;
+    publish_scope(r);
+    publish_references(r, 0);
+    check_evaluation_status(call->status,
+        call->report ? "native diagnostics panicked" : "native evaluator panicked");
+    if (!NIL_P(call->budget)) finish_budget(call->budget, &outcome);
+}
+static VALUE callback_scope(evaluation_call *call) {
+    runner_holder *runner = call->runner;
+    /* Nested callbacks share the original public invocation's budget lifetime.
+     * Returning from one child must not close a block its caller retained. */
+    if (runner->callback_context) {
+        VALUE object = runner->parent;
+        while (!NIL_P(object)) {
+            runner_holder *scope;
+            TypedData_Get_Struct(object, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+            if (scope->scope_owner) return object;
+            object = scope->parent;
+        }
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native callback lost its invocation scope");
+    }
+    if (NIL_P(runner->callback_scope)) {
+        VALUE object = build_runner(runner->owner, runner->root);
+        runner_holder *scope;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(object, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+        scope->parent = call->self;
+        scope->scope_owner = 1;
+        scope->scope_state = runner->active_scope_state;
+        scope->report_state = runner->active_report_state;
+        scope->ref_state = runner->active_ref_state;
+        scope->vm_active = runner->active_vm_state;
+        scope->callback_context = 1;
+        scope->active_budget = call->budget;
+        scope->active_limits = call->limits;
+        copy_states(scope, runner, 1, 0);
+        sn_caches_child(scope->caches, runner->caches, !NIL_P(call->budget), 1);
+        runner->callback_scope = object;
+    }
+    return runner->callback_scope;
+}
+extern void *sn_report_clone(const void *);
+extern void *sn_report_partial(const void *);
+extern void *sn_report_callback_seed(const void *);
+extern void *sn_report_live(const void *);
+extern void sn_report_effect(const void *, const void *);
+extern void *sn_callback_report_result(const void *, int);
+extern void *sn_report_interrupted(const void *);
+extern void *sn_array_report_child(const void *, size_t, const unsigned char *, size_t, size_t, int);
+extern void *sn_array_report_error(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, int, VALUE);
+extern int sn_array_report_adopt(void *, const void *);
+extern void sn_array_report_record(void *, size_t);
+extern int sn_array_report_contains(const void *, size_t, int);
+extern int sn_report_silent(const void *);
+extern void sn_report_child_validity(void *, int);
+extern void sn_report_clear_collection(void *, int);
+extern void *sn_report_context(int, size_t, VALUE, VALUE);
+extern size_t sn_report_context_count(const void *, size_t);
+extern int sn_report_context_reset(const void *);
+extern int sn_report_verdict(const void *);
+extern void sn_array_report_finish(void *, int);
+extern void sn_container_report_finish(void *, int, const runtime_locations *);
+extern VALUE sn_report_items_set(const void *, int);
+extern void sn_caches_reuse_buffers(const void *);
+/* Mutable accumulation never spans Ruby calls. While Rust mutates the report,
+ * immutable seeds/results retain every Ruby handle for stopped-Ractor GC. */
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE owner, scope, seed, results, instance, self;
+    size_t node;
+    void *report;
+    int busy;
+} report_collector;
+static void report_collector_mark(void *ptr) {
+    report_collector *c = ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark(c->owner); rb_gc_mark(c->scope); rb_gc_mark(c->seed);
+    rb_gc_mark(c->results); rb_gc_mark(c->instance);
+    if (c->report && !c->busy) sn_report_mark(c->report);
+}
+static void report_collector_free(void *ptr) {
+    report_collector *c = ptr;
+    if (c->report) sn_report_free(c->report);
+    xfree(c);
+}
+static size_t report_collector_size(const void *ptr) {
+    const report_collector *c = ptr;
+    return sizeof(*c) + (c->report && !c->busy ? sn_report_size(c->report) : 0);
+}
+static const rb_data_type_t report_collector_type = {
+    "Schemurai::Native::ReportCollector", {report_collector_mark, report_collector_free, report_collector_size, NULL, {NULL}},
+    NULL, NULL, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+static report_collector *get_report_collector(VALUE self) {
+    report_collector *c;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, report_collector, &report_collector_type, c);
+    return c;
+}
+static VALUE collector_report_object(void) {
     report_holder *h;
-    VALUE owner = TypedData_Make_Struct(rb_cObject, report_holder, &report_type, h);
+    VALUE object = TypedData_Make_Struct(rb_cObject, report_holder, &report_type, h);
     h->report = NULL;
-    int status = 0;
-    native_outcome outcome = {0};
-    if (NIL_P(budget)) {
-        h->report = sn_diagnose(engine->engine, caches, root, instance, &status);
+    return object;
+}
+static VALUE collector_runner(report_collector *c, size_t node, VALUE seed, VALUE error_frame) {
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(c->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    if (scope->closed_limited) rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern_const("checkpoint"), 0);
+    if (scope->scope_owner && !NIL_P(scope->parent)) {
+        runner_holder *owner;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(scope->parent, runner_holder, &runner_type, owner);
+        copy_states(scope, owner, !NIL_P(scope->active_budget), 0);
+    }
+    VALUE callback = build_runner(c->owner, node);
+    runner_holder *r;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, r);
+    r->parent = c->scope;
+    r->callback_context = r->continuation = r->scalar_mode = 1;
+    r->report_seed = seed;
+    r->error_frame = error_frame;
+    return callback;
+}
+static VALUE collector_run(report_collector *c, size_t node, VALUE instance, VALUE seed, VALUE error_frame, int mode, VALUE sink) {
+    VALUE callback = collector_runner(c, node, seed, error_frame);
+    if (!NIL_P(sink)) {
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->report_sink = sink;
+    }
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(c->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    VALUE result = evaluate_runner(callback, instance, scope->active_budget, mode);
+    if (NIL_P(result)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native container child lost its coverage proof");
+    RB_GC_GUARD(seed); RB_GC_GUARD(error_frame); RB_GC_GUARD(callback);
+    return result;
+}
+static size_t collector_node(report_collector *c, VALUE program) {
+    size_t node = sn_node_index(ready_program(c->owner)->engine, program);
+    if (node == SIZE_MAX) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native container child was not compiled");
+    return node;
+}
+static int collector_adopt(report_collector *c, VALUE result) {
+    rb_ary_push(c->results, result);
+    report_holder *h;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, h);
+    c->busy = 1;
+    int verdict = sn_array_report_adopt(c->report, h->report);
+    c->busy = 0;
+    return verdict;
+}
+static VALUE collector_evaluate(VALUE self, VALUE program, VALUE instance, VALUE index, VALUE keyword, VALUE child_segment) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    size_t node = collector_node(c, program);
+    if (sn_report_silent(c->report)) return collector_run(c, node, instance, Qnil, Qnil, 0, Qnil);
+    size_t at = NUM2SIZET(index), child = NIL_P(child_segment) ? SIZE_MAX : NUM2SIZET(child_segment);
+    StringValue(keyword);
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_array_report_child(c->report, at, (const unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(keyword), RSTRING_LEN(keyword), child, 0);
+    VALUE result = collector_run(c, node, instance, seed_object, Qnil, 2, c->self);
+    int verdict = collector_adopt(c, result);
+    report_holder *completed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, completed);
+    if (sn_report_context_reset(completed->report) == 1) {
+        /* This child seed owns the evaluate_at path scope. Public validity
+         * reentry cleared its buffers, so run the original Ruby ensure pops. */
+        int pops = NIL_P(child_segment) ? 2 : 3;
+        while (pops-- > 0) rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern_const("pop"), 0);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(keyword); RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+    return verdict == SN_VERDICT_VALID ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+static VALUE collector_trial(VALUE self, VALUE program, VALUE instance) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_array_report_child(c->report, 0, NULL, 0, SIZE_MAX, 1);
+    VALUE result = collector_run(c, collector_node(c, program), instance, seed_object, Qnil, 2, Qnil);
+    report_holder *completed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, completed);
+    int verdict = sn_report_verdict(completed->report);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+    return verdict == SN_VERDICT_VALID ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+static VALUE collector_error(VALUE self, VALUE keyword, VALUE frame) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    const char *name = StringValueCStr(keyword);
+    int kind;
+    if (!strcmp(name, "type")) kind = 0;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "maxItems")) kind = 1;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "minItems")) kind = 2;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "uniqueItems")) kind = 3;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "contains")) kind = 4;
+    else rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown array diagnostic");
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_array_report_error(c->report, ready_program(c->owner)->engine,
+        c->node, c->instance, kind, INT2FIX(0));
+    VALUE result = collector_run(c, c->node, c->instance, seed_object, frame, 2, c->self);
+    collector_adopt(c, result);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE collector_record(VALUE self, VALUE index) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    size_t at = NUM2SIZET(index);
+    c->busy = 1;
+    sn_array_report_record(c->report, at);
+    c->busy = 0;
+    return self;
+}
+static VALUE collector_contains(VALUE self, VALUE index, VALUE prior) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    VALUE set = sn_report_items_set(c->report, RTEST(prior));
+    if (!NIL_P(set)) return rb_funcall(set, rb_intern_const("include?"), 1, index);
+    return sn_array_report_contains(c->report, NUM2SIZET(index), RTEST(prior)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+static VALUE collector_context(report_collector *c) {
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(c->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    return NIL_P(scope->report_state) ? Qnil : rb_ary_entry(scope->report_state, 0);
+}
+static VALUE collector_silent(VALUE self) {
+    VALUE current = collector_context(get_report_collector(self));
+    if (NIL_P(current)) return Qtrue;
+    if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(current, &report_collector_type))
+        return sn_report_silent(get_report_collector(current)->report) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    VALUE state = rb_funcall(current, rb_intern_const("native_report_context"), 0);
+    return NIL_P(rb_ary_entry(state, 0)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+static runtime_locations read_runtime_locations(VALUE buffer) {
+    runtime_locations locations = {buffer, Qnil, Qnil};
+    if (!NIL_P(buffer)) {
+        locations.properties = rb_funcall(buffer, rb_intern_const("evaluated_properties"), 0);
+        locations.items = rb_funcall(buffer, rb_intern_const("evaluated_items"), 0);
+    }
+    return locations;
+}
+static VALUE collector_finish(VALUE self, VALUE valid, VALUE buffer) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    runtime_locations locations = read_runtime_locations(buffer);
+    if (!NIL_P(buffer)) rb_ary_push(c->results, buffer);
+    c->busy = 1;
+    sn_container_report_finish(c->report, RTEST(valid), &locations);
+    c->busy = 0;
+    VALUE result = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *h;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, h);
+    h->report = sn_report_clone(c->report);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self); RB_GC_GUARD(buffer);
+    return result;
+}
+static VALUE collector_evaluation_buffer(VALUE self) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(c->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    VALUE pool = rb_ary_entry(scope->report_state, 1);
+    if (NIL_P(pool)) {
+        VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+        VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+        VALUE klass = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("EvaluationPool"));
+        pool = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
+        rb_ary_store(scope->report_state, 1, pool);
+    }
+    VALUE result = rb_funcall(pool, rb_intern_const("acquire"), 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(pool); RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+    return result;
+}
+extern void *sn_object_report_child(const void *, VALUE, const unsigned char *, size_t, VALUE, int);
+extern void *sn_object_report_error(const void *, const void *, size_t, VALUE, int, VALUE);
+extern void *sn_object_report_properties(const void *, const void *, int);
+extern VALUE sn_property_locations_set(const void *, size_t *);
+extern VALUE sn_property_locations_key(const void *, size_t);
+extern void sn_property_locations_mark(const void *);
+extern size_t sn_property_locations_size(const void *);
+extern void sn_property_locations_free(void *);
+typedef struct { void *locations; } property_locations_holder;
+static void property_locations_mark(void *ptr) {
+    property_locations_holder *h = ptr;
+    if (h->locations) sn_property_locations_mark(h->locations);
+}
+static void property_locations_free(void *ptr) {
+    property_locations_holder *h = ptr;
+    if (h->locations) sn_property_locations_free(h->locations);
+    xfree(h);
+}
+static size_t property_locations_size(const void *ptr) {
+    const property_locations_holder *h = ptr;
+    return sizeof(*h) + (h->locations ? sn_property_locations_size(h->locations) : 0);
+}
+static const rb_data_type_t property_locations_type = {
+    "Schemurai::Native::PropertyLocations", {property_locations_mark, property_locations_free, property_locations_size, NULL, {NULL}},
+    NULL, NULL, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+static VALUE report_properties(VALUE owner, const void *report, int prior) {
+    property_locations_holder *h;
+    VALUE object = TypedData_Make_Struct(rb_cObject, property_locations_holder, &property_locations_type, h);
+    h->locations = NULL;
+    h->locations = sn_object_report_properties(report, ready_program(owner)->engine, prior);
+    size_t count;
+    VALUE set = sn_property_locations_set(h->locations, &count);
+    if (!NIL_P(set) && !count) return set;
+    VALUE klass = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern_const("Set"));
+    VALUE result = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
+        rb_funcall(result, rb_intern_const("add"), 1, sn_property_locations_key(h->locations, i));
+    if (!NIL_P(set)) rb_funcall(result, rb_intern_const("merge"), 1, set);
+    rb_obj_freeze(result);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(object);
+    return result;
+}
+static VALUE collector_properties(VALUE self, VALUE prior) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    VALUE result = report_properties(c->owner, c->report, RTEST(prior));
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+    return result;
+}
+static VALUE compatibility_object_callback(report_collector *, VALUE, VALUE);
+static VALUE collector_object_evaluate(VALUE self, VALUE program, VALUE instance, VALUE segment, VALUE keyword, VALUE child, VALUE flags, VALUE annotations) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    size_t node = collector_node(c, program);
+    VALUE current = collector_context(c);
+    if (!NIL_P(current) && !rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(current, &report_collector_type)) {
+        VALUE args = rb_ary_new_from_args(8, self, program, instance, segment, keyword, child, flags, annotations);
+        VALUE result = compatibility_object_callback(c, current, args);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(args);
+        return result;
+    }
+    report_collector *target = NIL_P(current) ? NULL : get_report_collector(current);
+    if (!RTEST(annotations) && (!target || sn_report_silent(target->report))) {
+        VALUE inherited = Qnil;
+        if (target) {
+            inherited = collector_report_object();
+            report_holder *seed;
+            TypedData_Get_Struct(inherited, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+            seed->report = sn_report_callback_seed(target->report);
+        }
+        VALUE result = collector_run(c, node, instance, inherited, Qnil, 0, current);
+        if (target && !RTEST(result)) {
+            target->busy = 1;
+            sn_report_child_validity(target->report, 0);
+            target->busy = 0;
+        }
+        RB_GC_GUARD(inherited); RB_GC_GUARD(current);
+        return result;
+    }
+    StringValue(keyword);
+    int bits = NUM2INT(flags) | (RTEST(annotations) ? 4 : 0);
+    int paths = target && !sn_report_silent(target->report);
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    VALUE empty_seed = Qnil;
+    const void *source;
+    if (target) source = target->report;
+    else {
+        empty_seed = collector_report_object();
+        report_holder *empty;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(empty_seed, report_holder, &report_type, empty);
+        empty->report = sn_report_context(1, 0, Qnil, Qnil);
+        source = empty->report;
+    }
+    seed->report = sn_object_report_child(source, segment, (const unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(keyword), RSTRING_LEN(keyword), child, bits);
+    VALUE result = collector_run(c, node, instance, seed_object, Qnil, 2, current);
+    report_holder *completed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, completed);
+    int verdict = target ? collector_adopt(target, result) : sn_report_verdict(completed->report);
+    if (paths && sn_report_context_reset(completed->report) == 1) {
+        int pops = 1 + !!(bits & 2) + !(bits & 1);
+        while (pops-- > 0) rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern_const("pop"), 0);
+    }
+    VALUE output = verdict == SN_VERDICT_VALID ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    if (RTEST(annotations)) {
+        VALUE properties = report_properties(c->owner, completed->report, 0);
+        output = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, output, properties);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(properties);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(current); RB_GC_GUARD(empty_seed);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(result); RB_GC_GUARD(keyword);
+    return output;
+}
+static VALUE collector_object_error(VALUE self, VALUE keyword, VALUE frame) {
+    report_collector *c = get_report_collector(self);
+    const char *name = StringValueCStr(keyword);
+    int kind;
+    if (!strcmp(name, "type")) kind = 0;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "maxProperties")) kind = 1;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "minProperties")) kind = 2;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "required")) kind = 3;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "dependencies")) kind = 4;
+    else if (!strcmp(name, "dependentRequired")) kind = 5;
+    else rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown object diagnostic");
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_object_report_error(c->report, ready_program(c->owner)->engine, c->node, c->instance, kind, INT2FIX(0));
+    VALUE result = collector_run(c, c->node, c->instance, seed_object, frame, 2, c->self);
+    collector_adopt(c, result);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE collector_invocation_budget(VALUE self) {
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(get_report_collector(self)->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    return scope->active_budget;
+}
+static VALUE collector_regexp_cache(VALUE self) {
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(get_report_collector(self)->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    VALUE *slot = NIL_P(scope->active_budget) ? &scope->regexps : &scope->limited_regexps;
+    if (NIL_P(*slot)) *slot = rb_hash_new();
+    publish_states(scope);
+    return *slot;
+}
+typedef struct { VALUE state, collector, previous, frame; int trial, completed; } report_context_call;
+static VALUE collect_container_frame(VALUE context) {
+    report_context_call *call = (report_context_call *)context;
+    VALUE result = rb_funcall(call->frame, rb_intern_const("collect"), 0);
+    call->completed = 1;
+    return result;
+}
+static VALUE restore_report_context(VALUE context) {
+    report_context_call *call = (report_context_call *)context;
+    if (!NIL_P(call->frame) && !call->completed && !NIL_P(call->previous)
+        && rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(call->previous, &report_collector_type)) {
+        VALUE interrupted = collector_report_object();
+        report_holder *partial;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(interrupted, report_holder, &report_type, partial);
+        partial->report = sn_report_partial(get_report_collector(call->collector)->report);
+        collector_adopt(get_report_collector(call->previous), interrupted);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(interrupted);
+    }
+    if (call->trial || rb_ary_entry(call->state, 0) == call->collector)
+        rb_ary_store(call->state, 0, call->previous);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE make_report_collector(VALUE owner, VALUE scope, VALUE seed_object, VALUE instance, size_t node) {
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE native = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Native"));
+    VALUE klass = rb_const_get(native, rb_intern_const("ReportCollector"));
+    report_collector *c;
+    VALUE collector = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, report_collector, &report_collector_type, c);
+    c->self = collector;
+    c->owner = owner; c->scope = scope; c->seed = seed_object; c->results = Qnil;
+    c->instance = instance; c->node = node; c->report = NULL; c->busy = 0;
+    c->results = rb_ary_new();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    c->report = sn_report_clone(seed->report);
+    return collector;
+}
+static VALUE container_report_runtime(evaluation_call *call, int object) {
+    runner_holder *r = call->runner;
+    contains_arguments arguments;
+    sn_contains_arguments(r->caches, &arguments);
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_report_seed(r->caches);
+    VALUE collector = make_report_collector(r->owner, callback_scope(call), seed_object, arguments.instance, arguments.child);
+    VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+    VALUE checks = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("ContainerChecks"));
+    const char *frame_name = object ? (NIL_P(call->budget) ? "ObjectReportFrame" : "LimitedObjectReportFrame")
+        : (NIL_P(call->budget) ? "ArrayReportFrame" : "LimitedArrayReportFrame");
+    VALUE frame_class = rb_const_get(checks, rb_intern(frame_name));
+    VALUE args[] = {arguments.rules, arguments.instance, call->budget, INT2FIX(arguments.required), collector};
+    VALUE frame = rb_class_new_instance(5, args, frame_class);
+    report_context_call context = {r->active_report_state, collector, rb_ary_entry(r->active_report_state, 0), frame, sn_report_silent(seed->report), 0};
+    rb_ary_store(context.state, 0, collector);
+    VALUE result = rb_ensure(collect_container_frame, (VALUE)&context, restore_report_context, (VALUE)&context);
+    if (NIL_P(r->report_results)) r->report_results = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_ary_push(r->report_results, result);
+    report_holder *completed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, completed);
+    sn_report_accept(r->caches, completed->report);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(collector); RB_GC_GUARD(frame); RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/* Each borrowed native text piece is copied before any Ruby method is called.
+ * The owning runner keeps the request and its name handles alive across GC. */
+static VALUE build_pointer(runner_holder *runner) {
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+    VALUE helper = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("JsonPointer"));
+    VALUE output = rb_utf8_str_new("", 0);
+    size_t count = sn_pointer_parts(runner->caches);
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < count; index++) {
+        const unsigned char *data;
+        size_t length;
+        VALUE key;
+        sn_pointer_part(runner->caches, index, &data, &length, &key);
+        if (length) rb_str_append(output, rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)data, length));
+        if (key != Qundef) {
+            VALUE escaped = rb_funcall(helper, rb_intern_const("escape"), 1, key);
+            rb_str_append(output, escaped);
+        }
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(helper);
+    return output;
+}
+static VALUE null_numeric(VALUE instance, int operation) {
+    int selector = operation - SN_RUNTIME_NULL_NUMBER;
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE native = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Native"));
+    VALUE helper = rb_const_get(native, rb_intern_const("NullNumeric"));
+    return rb_funcall(helper, rb_intern_const("valid?"), 3, instance,
+        INT2FIX(selector >> 1), (selector & 1) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+}
+static VALUE build_message(runner_holder *runner) {
+    message_arguments arguments;
+    sn_message_arguments(runner->caches, &arguments);
+    VALUE keyword = rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)arguments.keyword, arguments.keyword_len);
+    if (arguments.frame != Qundef) {
+        st_data_t index;
+        if (!st_lookup(runner->frame_indices, (st_data_t)arguments.frame, &index)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "missing runtime frame");
+        VALUE frame = rb_ary_entry(runner->frames, (long)index);
+        VALUE result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("message"), 2, keyword, arguments.detail ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(frame);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(keyword);
+        return result;
+    }
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE native = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Native"));
+    VALUE helper = rb_const_get(native, rb_intern_const("Diagnostics"));
+    VALUE result = rb_funcall(helper, rb_intern_const("message"), 5, keyword,
+        INT2NUM(arguments.opcode), arguments.operand, arguments.instance, SIZET2NUM(arguments.detail));
+    RB_GC_GUARD(keyword);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(helper);
+    return result;
+}
+static VALUE scalar_step(runner_holder *runner, int operation, VALUE budget) {
+    int container = operation >= SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_HEADER;
+    int object = operation >= SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_HEADER;
+    int string = !container && operation >= SN_RUNTIME_STRING;
+    int base = container ? (object ? SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_HEADER : SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_HEADER)
+        : (string ? SN_RUNTIME_STRING : SN_RUNTIME_NUMBER);
+    int selector = operation - base;
+    int flags = selector & (string ? 255 : 63);
+    scalar_arguments arguments;
+    sn_scalar_arguments(runner->caches, &arguments);
+    st_data_t stored;
+    VALUE frame;
+    if (st_lookup(runner->frame_indices, (st_data_t)arguments.ordinal, &stored)) {
+        frame = rb_ary_entry(runner->frames, (long)stored);
+    } else {
+        VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+        VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+        VALUE checks = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const(container ? "ContainerChecks" : (string ? "StringChecks" : "NumberChecks")));
+        VALUE state = budget;
+        if (!container) {
+            VALUE *state_slot = string
+                ? (NIL_P(budget) ? &runner->string_state : &runner->limited_string_state)
+                : (NIL_P(budget) ? &runner->number_state : &runner->limited_number_state);
+            if (NIL_P(*state_slot)) {
+                VALUE state_class = rb_const_get(checks, rb_intern_const("State"));
+                if (string) {
+                    VALUE *regexps = NIL_P(budget) ? &runner->regexps : &runner->limited_regexps;
+                    if (NIL_P(*regexps)) *regexps = rb_hash_new();
+                    VALUE args[] = {*regexps, budget};
+                    *state_slot = rb_class_new_instance(2, args, state_class);
+                } else {
+                    *state_slot = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, state_class);
+                    if (!NIL_P(budget)) rb_funcall(*state_slot, rb_intern_const("budget="), 1, budget);
+                }
+            }
+            state = *state_slot;
+        }
+        const char *name = "Frame";
+        if (container) name = object ? "ObjectFrame" : (NIL_P(budget) ? "ArrayFrame" : "LimitedArrayFrame");
+        VALUE klass = rb_const_get(checks, rb_intern_const(name));
+        VALUE args[] = {arguments.rules, arguments.instance, state, INT2FIX(flags)};
+        frame = rb_class_new_instance((container || string) ? 4 : 3, args, klass);
+        if (NIL_P(runner->frames)) runner->frames = rb_ary_new();
+        size_t index = RARRAY_LEN(runner->frames);
+        rb_ary_push(runner->frames, frame);
+        /* Array indices remain valid if compaction moves a frame. */
+        st_insert(runner->frame_indices, (st_data_t)arguments.ordinal, (st_data_t)index);
+    }
+    publish_states(runner);
+    int step = selector >> (string ? 8 : 6);
+    VALUE result;
+    if (container) {
+        switch (step) {
+            case 0: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("valid?"), 0); break;
+            case 1: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("container?"), 0); break;
+            default: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("check"), 1, INT2FIX(step)); break;
+        }
+    } else if (string) {
+        switch (step) {
+            case 0: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("valid?"), 0); break;
+            case 1: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("string?"), 0); break;
+            case 2: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("prepare"), 0); break;
+            default:
+                result = step >= 8
+                    ? rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("invalid_pattern?"), 0)
+                    : rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("check"), 1, INT2FIX(step));
+                break;
+        }
+    } else switch (step) {
+        case 0: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("valid?"), 1, INT2FIX(selector & 63)); break;
+        case 1: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("numeric?"), 0); break;
+        case 2: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("integral?"), 0); break;
+        case 3: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("prepare"), 0); break;
+        default: result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("check"), 1, INT2FIX(1 << (step - 4))); break;
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(frame);
+    return result;
+}
+/* Share Ruby type dispatch with ordinary runtime requests. Boolean and type
+ * callbacks have no per-yield observations or scalar cache writes. */
+static VALUE type_predicate(VALUE instance, int selector) {
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+    VALUE helper = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("TypeChecks"));
+    return rb_funcall(helper, rb_intern_const("valid?"), 3, instance,
+        INT2FIX(selector >> 1), (selector & 1) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+}
+extern VALUE sn_properties_part(const void *, size_t, size_t *, size_t *);
+extern VALUE sn_properties_key(const void *, size_t, size_t);
+extern size_t sn_properties_item(const void *, size_t, size_t);
+extern void sn_properties_result(const void *, const runtime_locations *);
+static VALUE merge_runtime_properties(evaluation_call *call) {
+    runner_holder *r = call->runner;
+    VALUE args[6] = {Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil};
+    for (size_t side = 0; side < 2; side++) {
+        size_t properties, items;
+        size_t at = side * 3;
+        args[at] = sn_properties_part(r->caches, side, &properties, &items);
+        args[at + 1] = rb_ary_new_capa(properties);
+        args[at + 2] = rb_ary_new_capa(items);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < properties; i++)
+            rb_ary_push(args[at + 1], sn_properties_key(r->caches, side, i));
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < items; i++)
+            rb_ary_push(args[at + 2], SIZET2NUM(sn_properties_item(r->caches, side, i)));
+    }
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+    VALUE checks = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("ContainerChecks"));
+    VALUE helper = rb_const_get(checks, rb_intern_const("Properties"));
+    VALUE result = rb_funcallv(helper, rb_intern_const("merge"), 6, args);
+    runtime_locations locations = read_runtime_locations(result);
+    if (NIL_P(r->report_results)) r->report_results = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_ary_push(r->report_results, result);
+    sn_properties_result(r->caches, &locations);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) RB_GC_GUARD(args[i]);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+typedef struct { evaluation_call *call; VALUE source, instance; int kind; } runtime_call;
+static VALUE call_runtime(VALUE context) {
+    runtime_call *operation = (runtime_call *)context;
+    evaluation_call *call = operation->call;
+    VALUE source = operation->source, instance = operation->instance;
+    runner_holder *r = call->runner;
+    /* Staged frames keep Ruby checks at their VM method boundaries. An extra
+     * check between assertions or error-rendering steps could overtake a later
+     * Ruby exception. The native deadline continues across every retry. */
+    int staged = (operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_STRING && operation->kind < SN_RUNTIME_EQUAL)
+        || operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_HEADER || sn_caches_frame_error(r->caches)
+        || (r->callback_context && (!r->continuation || r->scalar_mode))
+        || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_SCALAR_CONTAINS
+        || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_CHILDREN || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_CHILDREN
+        || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_NATIVE_CHILD || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_NATIVE_REPORT
+        || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_REPORT || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_REPORT || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_PATH_POP || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_MERGE;
+    if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_MERGE) return merge_runtime_properties(call);
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_PATH_POP) {
+        rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern_const("pop"), 0);
+        return Qtrue;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_CALLBACK_CHECKPOINT) {
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget)) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("checkpoint"), 0);
+        return Qtrue;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_REPORT || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_REPORT)
+        return container_report_runtime(call, operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_REPORT);
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_NATIVE_REPORT) {
+        contains_arguments arguments;
+        sn_contains_arguments(r->caches, &arguments);
+        report_holder *seed;
+        VALUE seed_object = TypedData_Make_Struct(rb_cObject, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+        seed->report = NULL;
+        seed->report = sn_report_seed(r->caches);
+        VALUE callback = build_runner(r->owner, arguments.child);
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->parent = callback_scope(call);
+        child->callback_context = child->continuation = 1;
+        child->scalar_mode = sn_caches_is_scalar(r->caches);
+        child->report_seed = seed_object;
+        child->report_sink = rb_ary_entry(r->active_report_state, 0);
+        VALUE result = evaluate_runner(callback, instance, call->budget, 2);
+        if (NIL_P(result)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native report continuation lost its coverage proof");
+        if (NIL_P(r->report_results)) r->report_results = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_push(r->report_results, result);
+        report_holder *completed;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(result, report_holder, &report_type, completed);
+        sn_report_accept(r->caches, completed->report);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(callback);
+        return Qtrue;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_NATIVE_CHILD) {
+        contains_arguments arguments;
+        sn_contains_arguments(r->caches, &arguments);
+        VALUE callback = build_runner(r->owner, arguments.child);
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->parent = callback_scope(call);
+        child->callback_context = child->continuation = 1;
+        child->scalar_mode = sn_caches_is_scalar(r->caches);
+        VALUE result = evaluate_runner(callback, instance, call->budget, 0);
+        if (NIL_P(result)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native continuation lost its coverage proof");
+        RB_GC_GUARD(callback);
+        return result;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_SCALAR_CONTAINS || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_CHILDREN
+        || operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_OBJECT_CHILDREN) {
+        contains_arguments arguments;
+        sn_contains_arguments(r->caches, &arguments);
+        VALUE callback = build_runner(r->owner, arguments.child);
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->parent = callback_scope(call);
+        child->callback_kind = arguments.scalar_kind;
+        child->callback_flags = arguments.scalar_flags;
+        child->callback_context = 1;
+        VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+        VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+        VALUE checks = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("ContainerChecks"));
+        const char *frame_name = operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_SCALAR_CONTAINS
+            ? (NIL_P(call->budget) ? "ContainsFrame" : "LimitedContainsFrame")
+            : operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_CHILDREN
+                ? (NIL_P(call->budget) ? "ArrayChildrenFrame" : "LimitedArrayChildrenFrame")
+                : (NIL_P(call->budget) ? "ObjectChildrenFrame" : "LimitedObjectChildrenFrame");
+        VALUE klass = rb_const_get(checks, rb_intern(frame_name));
+        VALUE args[] = {arguments.rules, arguments.instance, call->budget, INT2FIX(arguments.required), callback};
+        VALUE frame = rb_class_new_instance(5, args, klass);
+        VALUE result = rb_funcall(frame, rb_intern_const("valid?"), 0);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(callback);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(frame);
+        return result;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_ARRAY_HEADER ||
+        (operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_NUMBER && operation->kind < SN_RUNTIME_EQUAL)) {
+        VALUE result = scalar_step(r, operation->kind, operation->call->budget);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_EQUAL) {
+        scalar_arguments arguments;
+        sn_scalar_arguments(r->caches, &arguments);
+        VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+        VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+        VALUE helper = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("ValueEquality"));
+        VALUE klass = rb_const_get(helper, rb_intern_const(NIL_P(call->budget) ? "Runtime" : "LimitedRuntime"));
+        VALUE runtime = rb_class_new_instance(1, &call->budget, klass);
+        VALUE result = rb_funcall(runtime, rb_intern_const("evaluate"), 3,
+            INT2FIX(operation->kind - SN_RUNTIME_EQUAL), arguments.rules, arguments.instance);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(runtime);
+        return result;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_TYPE) {
+        VALUE result = type_predicate(instance, operation->kind - SN_RUNTIME_TYPE);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_DIAGNOSTIC_MESSAGE) {
+        VALUE message = build_message(r);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return message;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_REQUIRED_MISSING) {
+        VALUE present = rb_funcallv_public(instance, rb_intern_const("key?"), 1, &source);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return RTEST(present) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind >= SN_RUNTIME_NULL_NUMBER) {
+        VALUE result = null_numeric(instance, operation->kind);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_IDENTITY_METHODS) {
+        for (size_t index = 0; index < sizeof(identity_methods) / sizeof(*identity_methods); index++)
+            if (!rb_method_basic_definition_p(source, identity_methods[index])) return Qfalse;
+        return Qtrue;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_POINTER) {
+        VALUE pointer = build_pointer(r);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return pointer;
+    }
+    if (operation->kind == SN_RUNTIME_JSON) {
+        VALUE json = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern_const("JSON"));
+        rb_funcall(json, rb_intern_const("parse"), 1, instance);
+        if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+        return Qtrue;
+    }
+    VALUE *regexps = NIL_P(call->budget) ? &r->regexps : &r->limited_regexps;
+    if (NIL_P(*regexps)) *regexps = rb_hash_new();
+    VALUE regexp = rb_hash_lookup2(*regexps, source, Qundef);
+    if (regexp == Qundef) {
+        VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+        VALUE internal = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Internal"));
+        VALUE compiler = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern_const("EcmaRegexp"));
+        regexp = rb_funcall(compiler, id_compile, 2, source, call->budget);
+        rb_hash_aset(*regexps, source, regexp);
+    }
+    VALUE result = rb_funcall(regexp, rb_intern_const("match?"), 1, instance);
+    if (!NIL_P(call->budget) && !staged) rb_funcall(call->budget, rb_intern_const("check_deadline!"), 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(regexp);
+    return result;
+}
+static void evaluate_runtime(evaluation_call *call, VALUE source, VALUE instance, int kind) {
+    runtime_call operation = {call, source, instance, kind};
+    VALUE previous = rb_errinfo();
+    int state = 0;
+    runner_holder *runner = call->runner;
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_report_live(runner->caches);
+    report_context_call report_context = {runner->active_report_state, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0};
+    if (seed->report) {
+        report_context.trial = sn_report_silent(seed->report);
+        report_context.collector = make_report_collector(runner->owner, callback_scope(call), seed_object, instance, runner->root);
+        report_context.previous = rb_ary_entry(report_context.state, 0);
+        rb_ary_store(report_context.state, 0, report_context.collector);
+        if (NIL_P(runner->report_results)) runner->report_results = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_push(runner->report_results, report_context.collector);
+    }
+    VALUE result = rb_protect(call_runtime, (VALUE)&operation, &state);
+    if (!NIL_P(report_context.collector)) {
+        sn_report_effect(runner->caches, get_report_collector(report_context.collector)->report);
+        restore_report_context((VALUE)&report_context);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(report_context.collector);
+    if (sn_scopes_enabled(call->runner->caches))
+        sn_scopes_accept(call->runner->caches, call->runner->active_scope_state);
+    int verdict;
+    if (state) {
+        VALUE error = rb_errinfo();
+        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(error, rb_eRegexpError) && sn_caches_rescue_regexp(call->runner->caches)) {
+            rb_set_errinfo(previous);
+            RB_GC_GUARD(previous);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (kind == SN_RUNTIME_JSON) {
+            VALUE json = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern_const("JSON"));
+            VALUE parser_error = rb_const_get(json, rb_intern_const("ParserError"));
+            if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(error, rb_eArgError) && !rb_obj_is_kind_of(error, parser_error)) rb_jump_tag(state);
+            verdict = SN_VERDICT_INVALID;
+        } else {
+            if (kind != SN_RUNTIME_REGEXP_ASSERTION || !rb_obj_is_kind_of(error, rb_eRegexpError)) rb_jump_tag(state);
+            verdict = SN_REGEXP_INVALID;
+        }
+        rb_set_errinfo(previous);
     } else {
-        native_limits limits = read_limits(budget);
-        h->report = sn_diagnose_with_limits(engine->engine, caches, root, instance, &status, &limits, &outcome);
+        verdict = RTEST(result) ? SN_VERDICT_VALID : SN_VERDICT_INVALID;
+    }
+    runner_holder *r = call->runner;
+    if (kind == SN_RUNTIME_DIAGNOSTIC_MESSAGE) {
+        /* Keep results rooted even if another Ractor stops Rust while its
+         * message table has an active mutable RefCell borrow. */
+        if (NIL_P(r->messages)) r->messages = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_push(r->messages, result);
+        sn_message_result(r->caches, result);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (kind == SN_RUNTIME_POINTER) {
+        if (NIL_P(r->pointers)) r->pointers = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_push(r->pointers, result);
+        sn_pointer_result(r->caches, result);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(result);
+        return;
+    }
+    st_data_t sources, bucket;
+    if (!st_lookup(r->matches, (st_data_t)kind, &sources)) {
+        sources = (st_data_t)st_init_numtable();
+        st_insert(r->matches, (st_data_t)kind, sources);
+    }
+    if (!st_lookup((st_table *)sources, (st_data_t)source, &bucket)) {
+        bucket = (st_data_t)st_init_numtable();
+        st_insert((st_table *)sources, (st_data_t)source, bucket);
     }
-    if (status < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native diagnostics panicked");
-    if (!NIL_P(budget)) finish_budget(budget, &outcome);
-    if (status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED) return Qnil;
-    size_t count = sn_report_len(h->report);
+    st_insert((st_table *)bucket, (st_data_t)instance, verdict);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(previous);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(source);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
+}
+/* Each retry starts after Rust has returned and dropped all borrowed views,
+ * memo entries and partial reports. Reached scalar methods use occurrence keys.
+ * The original Ruby deadline survives every pass and runtime operation. */
+static VALUE retry_runtime(VALUE context) {
+    evaluation_call *call = (evaluation_call *)context;
+    VALUE source = Qnil, instance = Qnil;
+    int operation = 0;
+    /* Reordered fast scans may have requested an operation the VM would never
+     * reach. Replay in observable order before invoking any Ruby method. */
+    sn_caches_observe(call->runner->caches);
+    evaluate_native(call);
+    while (call->status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED &&
+           sn_caches_pending(call->runner->caches, &source, &instance, &operation)) {
+        if (sn_caches_take_reorder(call->runner->caches)) {
+            sn_caches_observe(call->runner->caches);
+            evaluate_native(call);
+            continue;
+        }
+        evaluate_runtime(call, source, instance, operation);
+        sn_caches_runtime(call->runner->caches, call->runner->matches);
+        evaluate_native(call);
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE report_rows(const void *report, VALUE budget) {
+    size_t count = sn_report_len(report);
     VALUE output = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
     for (size_t index = 0; index < count; index++) {
         if (!NIL_P(budget) && index % 256 == 0) rb_funcall(budget, rb_intern("check_deadline!"), 0);
         diagnostic_record r;
-        sn_report_record(h->report, index, &r);
-        VALUE row = rb_ary_new_capa(7);
+        sn_report_record(report, index, &r);
+        VALUE row = rb_ary_new_capa(NIL_P(r.message) ? 7 : 8);
         rb_ary_push(output, row);
         rb_ary_push(row, rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)r.keyword, r.keyword_len));
-        rb_ary_push(row, rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)r.instance_path, r.instance_len));
-        rb_ary_push(row, rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)r.schema_path, r.schema_len));
+        rb_ary_push(row, NIL_P(r.instance_pointer) ? rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)r.instance_path, r.instance_len) : rb_str_dup(r.instance_pointer));
+        rb_ary_push(row, NIL_P(r.schema_pointer) ? rb_utf8_str_new((const char *)r.schema_path, r.schema_len) : rb_str_dup(r.schema_pointer));
         rb_ary_push(row, INT2NUM(r.opcode));
         rb_ary_push(row, r.operand);
         rb_ary_push(row, r.instance);
         rb_ary_push(row, SIZET2NUM(r.detail));
+        if (!NIL_P(r.message)) rb_ary_push(row, rb_str_dup(r.message));
+    }
+    return output;
+}
+static VALUE evaluate_runner_body(VALUE context) {
+    evaluation_call call = *(evaluation_call *)context;
+    VALUE self = call.self, instance = call.instance, budget = call.budget;
+    runner_holder *r = call.runner;
+    int diagnostics = call.diagnostics;
+    report_holder *h = NULL;
+    VALUE owner = Qnil;
+    if (diagnostics) {
+        owner = TypedData_Make_Struct(rb_cObject, report_holder, &report_type, h);
+        h->report = NULL;
+        call.report = h;
+    }
+    clear_runtime((VALUE)&call);
+    r->active_budget = budget;
+    r->report_sink_done = 0;
+    if (!NIL_P(r->report_seed)) {
+        report_holder *seed;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(r->report_seed, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+        sn_report_inherit(r->caches, seed->report);
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(r->error_frame)) {
+        r->frames = rb_ary_new_from_args(1, r->error_frame);
+        st_insert(r->frame_indices, (st_data_t)INT2FIX(0), 0);
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(r->parent)) {
+        runner_holder *parent;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(r->parent, runner_holder, &runner_type, parent);
+        copy_states(r, parent, r->callback_context, 0);
+        if (r->callback_context) {
+            call.limits = parent->active_limits;
+            call.limits_read = 1;
+            sn_caches_child(r->caches, parent->caches, !NIL_P(budget), !r->continuation || r->scalar_mode);
+        }
+    }
+    int scoped = sn_reference_context(call.engine->engine);
+    if (r->callback_context) {
+        runner_holder *scope;
+        VALUE object = callback_scope(&call);
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(object, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+        if (scoped && NIL_P(scope->scope_state)) scope->scope_state = rb_ary_new();
+        r->active_scope_state = scope->scope_state;
+        r->active_report_state = scope->report_state;
+        if (scoped && NIL_P(scope->ref_state)) scope->ref_state = rb_ary_new();
+        r->active_ref_state = scope->ref_state;
+        r->active_vm_state = scope->vm_active;
+    } else if (NIL_P(budget)) {
+        if (NIL_P(r->report_state)) r->report_state = rb_ary_new();
+        r->active_report_state = r->report_state;
+        VALUE current_report = rb_ary_entry(r->active_report_state, 0);
+        if (!NIL_P(current_report)) {
+            if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(current_report, &report_collector_type)) {
+                report_collector *collector = get_report_collector(current_report);
+                collector->busy = 1;
+                sn_report_clear_collection(collector->report, !diagnostics);
+                collector->busy = 0;
+            } else {
+                rb_funcall(current_report, rb_intern_const("native_clear_collection"), 1, diagnostics ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+            }
+        }
+        rb_ary_store(r->active_report_state, 0, Qnil);
+        VALUE pool = rb_ary_entry(r->active_report_state, 1);
+        if (!NIL_P(pool)) rb_funcall(pool, rb_intern_const("reset"), 0);
+        if (scoped && NIL_P(r->scope_state)) r->scope_state = rb_ary_new();
+        r->active_scope_state = r->scope_state;
+        if (scoped && NIL_P(r->ref_state)) r->ref_state = rb_ary_new();
+        r->active_ref_state = r->ref_state;
+        r->active_vm_state = r->vm_active;
+        if (!NIL_P(r->active_scope_state)) rb_ary_clear(r->active_scope_state);
+    } else {
+        r->active_report_state = rb_ary_new();
+        r->active_scope_state = scoped ? rb_ary_new() : Qnil;
+        r->active_ref_state = scoped ? rb_ary_new() : Qnil;
+        r->active_vm_state = Qnil;
+    }
+    sn_scopes_inherit(r->caches, r->active_scope_state, r->active_ref_state, r->active_vm_state, scoped);
+    VALUE pool = rb_ary_entry(r->active_report_state, 1);
+    if (!NIL_P(pool) && RTEST(rb_funcall(pool, rb_intern_const("used?"), 0)))
+        sn_caches_reuse_buffers(r->caches);
+    evaluate_native(&call);
+    VALUE source = Qnil, requested = Qnil;
+    int operation = 0;
+    if (call.status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED &&
+        sn_caches_pending(r->caches, &source, &requested, &operation)) {
+        retry_runtime((VALUE)&call);
+    }
+    if (call.status == SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED)
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native execution lost its coverage proof");
+    if (!diagnostics) {
+        if (call.status != SN_VERDICT_UNSUPPORTED && !NIL_P(r->report_sink)) {
+            VALUE completed = collector_report_object();
+            report_holder *h;
+            TypedData_Get_Struct(completed, report_holder, &report_type, h);
+            h->report = sn_callback_report_result(r->caches, call.status);
+            collector_adopt(get_report_collector(r->report_sink), completed);
+            r->report_sink_done = 1;
+            RB_GC_GUARD(completed);
+        }
+        VALUE result = call.status ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+        RB_GC_GUARD(owner);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+        return result;
     }
+    if (diagnostics == 2) {
+        r->report_sink_done = 1;
+        RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+        return owner;
+    }
+    if (sn_report_silent(h->report)) {
+        RB_GC_GUARD(owner);
+        return Qfalse;
+    }
+    VALUE output = report_rows(h->report, budget);
     RB_GC_GUARD(owner);
     RB_GC_GUARD(instance);
     RB_GC_GUARD(self);
     return output;
 }
+static VALUE finish_evaluation(VALUE context) {
+    evaluation_call *call = (evaluation_call *)context;
+    runner_holder *runner = call->runner;
+    if (!NIL_P(runner->report_sink) && !runner->report_sink_done) {
+        VALUE interrupted = collector_report_object();
+        report_holder *partial;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(interrupted, report_holder, &report_type, partial);
+        partial->report = sn_report_interrupted(runner->caches);
+        if (partial->report) collector_adopt(get_report_collector(runner->report_sink), interrupted);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(interrupted);
+    }
+    publish_references(runner, 1);
+    size_t unwind = sn_scopes_unwind(runner->caches);
+    while (unwind-- > 0) rb_ary_pop(runner->active_scope_state);
+    publish_states(runner);
+    close_callback_scope(runner);
+    clear_runtime(context);
+    runner->active_budget = Qnil;
+    runner->active_scope_state = Qnil;
+    runner->active_report_state = Qnil;
+    runner->active_ref_state = runner->active_vm_state = Qnil;
+    runner->active_limits = (native_limits){0};
+    runner->busy = 0;
+    return Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE evaluate_runner(VALUE self, VALUE instance, VALUE budget, int diagnostics) {
+    runner_holder *runner;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, runner);
+    if (runner->busy) {
+        VALUE nested = build_runner(runner->owner, runner->root);
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(nested, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->parent = self;
+        child->callback_context = runner->callback_context;
+        child->continuation = runner->continuation;
+        child->scalar_mode = runner->scalar_mode;
+        child->report_seed = runner->report_seed;
+        child->report_sink = runner->report_sink;
+        child->error_frame = runner->error_frame;
+        child->scope_state = runner->scope_state;
+        child->report_state = runner->report_state;
+        child->ref_state = runner->ref_state;
+        child->vm_active = runner->vm_active;
+        VALUE result = evaluate_runner(nested, instance, budget, diagnostics);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(nested);
+        return result;
+    }
+    evaluation_call call = {self, instance, budget, runner, ready_program(runner->owner), NULL, 0, {0}, 0, diagnostics};
+    runner->busy = 1;
+    VALUE result = rb_ensure(evaluate_runner_body, (VALUE)&call, finish_evaluation, (VALUE)&call);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+    return result;
+}
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE target, state, collector, callback, instance, budget, object_args;
+    size_t baseline;
+} compatibility_report_call;
+static VALUE call_compatibility_report(VALUE context) {
+    compatibility_report_call *call = (compatibility_report_call *)context;
+    rb_ary_store(call->state, 0, call->collector);
+    if (!NIL_P(call->object_args)) {
+        VALUE args[7];
+        for (long i = 0; i < 7; i++) args[i] = rb_ary_entry(call->object_args, i + 1);
+        return rb_funcallv(rb_ary_entry(call->object_args, 0), rb_intern_const("evaluate_object"), 7, args);
+    }
+    return evaluate_runner(call->callback, call->instance, call->budget, 0);
+}
+static VALUE finish_compatibility_report(VALUE context) {
+    compatibility_report_call *call = (compatibility_report_call *)context;
+    report_collector *collector = get_report_collector(call->collector);
+    VALUE rows = report_rows(collector->report, Qnil);
+    VALUE schemurai = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id_schemurai);
+    VALUE native = rb_const_get(schemurai, rb_intern_const("Native"));
+    VALUE diagnostics = rb_const_get(native, rb_intern_const("Diagnostics"));
+    VALUE errors = rb_ary_new_capa(RARRAY_LEN(rows));
+    for (long i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(rows); i++)
+        rb_ary_push(errors, rb_funcall(diagnostics, rb_intern_const("error"), 1, rb_ary_entry(rows, i)));
+    size_t count = sn_report_context_count(collector->report, call->baseline);
+    rb_funcall(call->target, rb_intern_const("native_append_report"), 3, errors, SIZET2NUM(count),
+        INT2NUM(sn_report_context_reset(collector->report)));
+    RB_GC_GUARD(rows); RB_GC_GUARD(errors);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+static VALUE make_compatibility_collector(VALUE owner, VALUE scope, size_t node, VALUE target, VALUE instance, size_t *baseline) {
+    VALUE data = rb_funcall(target, rb_intern_const("native_report_context"), 0);
+    *baseline = NUM2SIZET(rb_ary_entry(data, 1));
+    VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+    report_holder *seed;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+    seed->report = sn_report_context(NIL_P(rb_ary_entry(data, 0)), *baseline,
+        rb_ary_entry(data, 2), rb_ary_entry(data, 3));
+    VALUE collector = make_report_collector(owner, scope, seed_object, instance, node);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(data); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object);
+    return collector;
+}
+static VALUE compatibility_object_callback(report_collector *c, VALUE target, VALUE args) {
+    runner_holder *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(c->scope, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    size_t baseline;
+    VALUE collector = make_compatibility_collector(c->owner, c->scope, c->node, target, rb_ary_entry(args, 2), &baseline);
+    compatibility_report_call call = {target, scope->report_state, collector, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, args, baseline};
+    VALUE result = rb_ensure(call_compatibility_report, (VALUE)&call, finish_compatibility_report, (VALUE)&call);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(collector); RB_GC_GUARD(args);
+    return result;
+}
+static VALUE compatibility_report_callback(runner_holder *recipe, runner_holder *scope, VALUE target, VALUE instance) {
+    size_t baseline;
+    VALUE collector = make_compatibility_collector(recipe->owner, recipe->parent, recipe->root, target, instance, &baseline);
+    VALUE seed_object = get_report_collector(collector)->seed;
+    VALUE callback = build_runner(recipe->owner, recipe->root);
+    runner_holder *child;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+    child->parent = recipe->parent;
+    child->callback_context = 1;
+    child->report_seed = seed_object;
+    child->report_sink = collector;
+    compatibility_report_call call = {target, scope->report_state, collector, callback, instance, scope->active_budget, Qnil, baseline};
+    VALUE result = rb_ensure(call_compatibility_report, (VALUE)&call, finish_compatibility_report, (VALUE)&call);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object); RB_GC_GUARD(collector); RB_GC_GUARD(callback);
+    return result;
+}
+/* A recipe can outlive the method that received its block. Each invocation
+ * owns observations, while its evaluator's budget/cache scope is shared. */
+static VALUE scalar_callback(VALUE self, VALUE instance) {
+    runner_holder *recipe, *parent;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, recipe);
+    if (NIL_P(recipe->parent) || !recipe->callback_context) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "not a scalar callback");
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(recipe->parent, runner_holder, &runner_type, parent);
+    /* LimitedEvaluator's retained block reaches its cleared budget first. */
+    if (parent->closed_limited) rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern_const("checkpoint"), 0);
+    if (parent->scope_owner && !NIL_P(parent->parent)) {
+        runner_holder *owner;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(parent->parent, runner_holder, &runner_type, owner);
+        copy_states(parent, owner, !NIL_P(parent->active_budget), 0);
+    }
+    VALUE budget = parent->active_budget;
+    if (!NIL_P(budget) && recipe->callback_kind != SN_CALLBACK_RUNTIME) {
+        /* Direct Boolean/type dispatch has one entry and one instruction. */
+        rb_funcall(budget, rb_intern_const("checkpoint"), 0);
+        rb_funcall(budget, rb_intern_const("checkpoint"), 0);
+    }
+    VALUE result;
+    VALUE current = NIL_P(parent->report_state) ? Qnil : rb_ary_entry(parent->report_state, 0);
+    if (!NIL_P(current) && recipe->callback_kind == SN_CALLBACK_RUNTIME
+        && !rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(current, &report_collector_type)) {
+        result = compatibility_report_callback(recipe, parent, current, instance);
+    } else if (!NIL_P(current) && recipe->callback_kind == SN_CALLBACK_RUNTIME) {
+        report_collector *collector = get_report_collector(current);
+        VALUE seed_object = collector_report_object();
+        report_holder *seed;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(seed_object, report_holder, &report_type, seed);
+        seed->report = sn_report_callback_seed(collector->report);
+        VALUE callback = build_runner(recipe->owner, recipe->root);
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->parent = recipe->parent;
+        child->callback_context = 1;
+        child->report_seed = seed_object;
+        child->report_sink = current;
+        result = evaluate_runner(callback, instance, budget, 0);
+        RB_GC_GUARD(current); RB_GC_GUARD(callback); RB_GC_GUARD(seed_object);
+    } else switch (recipe->callback_kind) {
+        case SN_CALLBACK_BOOLEAN: result = recipe->callback_flags ? Qtrue : Qfalse; break;
+        case SN_CALLBACK_TYPE: result = RTEST(type_predicate(instance, recipe->callback_flags)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse; break;
+        default: result = evaluate_runner(self, instance, budget, 0); break;
+    }
+    if (NIL_P(result)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "scalar callback lost its native coverage proof");
+    if (!NIL_P(budget) && sn_caches_deadline_expired(parent->caches))
+        rb_funcall(budget, rb_intern_const("raise_native_limit"), 2, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+    return result;
+}
+/* Ruby selects the child using the original rules and indexed methods. The
+ * compiled Program is an opaque identity key, never interpreted in Ruby. */
+static VALUE runner_evaluate_child(VALUE self, VALUE program, VALUE instance) {
+    runner_holder *factory;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, factory);
+    if (NIL_P(factory->parent) || !factory->callback_context)
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "not a native child factory");
+    if (NIL_P(factory->child_callbacks)) factory->child_callbacks = rb_hash_new();
+    VALUE callback = rb_hash_lookup2(factory->child_callbacks, program, Qundef);
+    if (callback == Qundef) {
+        holder *owner = ready_program(factory->owner);
+        size_t index = sn_node_index(owner->engine, program);
+        if (index == SIZE_MAX) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "native child was not compiled");
+        callback = build_runner(factory->owner, index);
+        runner_holder *child;
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(callback, runner_holder, &runner_type, child);
+        child->parent = factory->parent;
+        child->callback_context = 1;
+        child->callback_kind = sn_callback_kind(owner->engine, index, &child->callback_flags);
+        rb_hash_aset(factory->child_callbacks, program, callback);
+    }
+    VALUE result = scalar_callback(callback, instance);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+    return result;
+}
+static runner_holder *factory_scope(VALUE self) {
+    runner_holder *factory, *scope;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, factory);
+    if (NIL_P(factory->parent) || !factory->callback_context)
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "not a native child factory");
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(factory->parent, runner_holder, &runner_type, scope);
+    return scope;
+}
+static VALUE runner_invocation_budget(VALUE self) {
+    return factory_scope(self)->active_budget;
+}
+static VALUE runner_regexp_cache(VALUE self) {
+    runner_holder *scope = factory_scope(self);
+    VALUE *slot = NIL_P(scope->active_budget) ? &scope->regexps : &scope->limited_regexps;
+    if (NIL_P(*slot)) *slot = rb_hash_new();
+    publish_states(scope);
+    return *slot;
+}
 static VALUE diagnostics(VALUE self, VALUE instance) {
     holder *h = ready_program(self);
-    return collect_diagnostics(self, instance, h, NULL, sn_root_index(h->engine), Qnil);
+    VALUE run = build_runner(self, sn_root_index(h->engine));
+    return evaluate_runner(run, instance, Qnil, 1);
 }
 static VALUE runner_diagnostics(VALUE self, VALUE instance) {
-    runner_holder *r;
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, r);
-    holder *h = ready_program(r->owner);
-    return collect_diagnostics(self, instance, h, r->caches, r->root, Qnil);
+    return evaluate_runner(self, instance, Qnil, 1);
 }
 static VALUE runner_diagnostics_with_budget(VALUE self, VALUE instance, VALUE budget) {
-    runner_holder *r;
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, runner_holder, &runner_type, r);
-    holder *h = ready_program(r->owner);
-    return collect_diagnostics(self, instance, h, r->caches, r->root, budget);
+    return evaluate_runner(self, instance, budget, 1);
 }
 void Init_schemurai_native(void) {
     /* Cache fixed IDs explicitly, independent of compiler-specific macros. */
+    identity_methods[0] = rb_intern_const("is_a?");
+    identity_methods[1] = rb_intern_const("class");
+    identity_methods[2] = rb_intern_const("instance_of?");
+    identity_methods[3] = rb_intern_const("==");
+    identity_methods[4] = rb_intern_const("hash");
     id_resolve = rb_intern_const("resolve");
     id_schemurai = rb_intern_const("Schemurai");
     id_resolution_error = rb_intern_const("ResolutionError");
@@ -589,8 +2184,31 @@ void Init_schemurai_native(void) {
     rb_define_method(klass, "diagnostics", diagnostics, 1);
     rb_define_method(klass, "make_shareable", make_shareable, 0);
     rb_define_method(klass, "runner", runner, 1);
+    rb_define_method(klass, "unresolved_references?", has_unresolved_references, 0);
+    VALUE collector_class = rb_define_class_under(native, "ReportCollector", rb_cObject);
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(collector_class);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "evaluate", collector_evaluate, 5);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "trial", collector_trial, 2);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "error", collector_error, 2);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "record_item", collector_record, 1);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "include_item?", collector_contains, 2);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "silent?", collector_silent, 0);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "finish", collector_finish, 2);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "evaluation_buffer", collector_evaluation_buffer, 0);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "properties", collector_properties, 1);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "evaluate_object", collector_object_evaluate, 7);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "object_error", collector_object_error, 2);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "finish_object", collector_finish, 2);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "invocation_budget", collector_invocation_budget, 0);
+    rb_define_method(collector_class, "regexp_cache", collector_regexp_cache, 0);
     VALUE runner_class = rb_define_class_under(klass, "Runner", rb_cObject);
     rb_undef_alloc_func(runner_class);
+    rb_define_method(runner_class, "call", scalar_callback, 1);
+    rb_define_method(runner_class, "evaluate_child", runner_evaluate_child, 2);
+    rb_define_method(runner_class, "invocation_budget", runner_invocation_budget, 0);
+    rb_define_method(runner_class, "regexp_cache", runner_regexp_cache, 0);
+    rb_define_method(runner_class, "share_scalar_state", runner_share_scalar_state, 6);
+    rb_define_method(runner_class, "reference_active?", runner_reference_active, 2);
     rb_define_method(runner_class, "valid?", runner_valid, 1);
     rb_define_method(runner_class, "valid_with_budget", runner_valid_with_budget, 2);
     rb_define_method(runner_class, "diagnostics", runner_diagnostics, 1);
@@ -695,7 +2313,6 @@ static int string_utf8(VALUE value) {
     int encoding = RB_ENCODING_GET(value);
     return encoding == utf8_index ? SN_ENCODING_UTF8 : (encoding == ascii_index ? SN_ENCODING_ASCII : SN_ENCODING_OTHER);
 }
-int sn_string_utf8(VALUE value) { return string_utf8(value); }
 static int string_view(VALUE value, const unsigned char **data, size_t *length) {
     int encoding = string_utf8(value);
     string_raw_view(value, data, length);