schemurai 3.0.0 → 3.0.2

data/ext/schemurai_native/src/runtime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@
+//! Runner-owned search caches and observations requested outside Rust frames.
+use super::*;
+mod properties;
+mod reports;
+mod scopes;
+use regex_automata::{
+    Input,
+    meta::{Cache, Regex},
+};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+// Each validator owns its search caches. Compiled regex/DFA data stays shared.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Caches {
+    searches: std::cell::RefCell<Vec<Option<Box<Cache>>>>,
+    matches: std::cell::Cell<*const c_void>,
+    pending: std::cell::Cell<Option<(Value, Value, i32)>>,
+    deadline: std::cell::Cell<Option<std::time::Instant>>,
+    runtime_order: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    dynamic_calls: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    reorder: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    pending_rescue: std::cell::Cell<Option<StringError>>,
+    rescued_strings: std::cell::RefCell<HashSet<StringError>>,
+    call_cursor: std::cell::Cell<usize>,
+    pointers: std::cell::RefCell<Pointers>,
+    pending_pointer: std::cell::Cell<Option<usize>>,
+    messages: std::cell::RefCell<HashMap<Message, Option<Value>>>,
+    pending_message: std::cell::Cell<Option<Message>>,
+    pending_scalar: std::cell::Cell<Option<ScalarArguments>>,
+    frame_error: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    scalar_callback: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    callback_checkpoints: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    callbacks_allowed: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    continuations_allowed: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+    pending_contains: std::cell::Cell<Option<ContainsArguments>>,
+    scopes: scopes::Scopes,
+    reports: reports::Reports,
+    properties: properties::Properties,
+    report_continuations_allowed: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+}
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct ContainsArguments {
+    rules: Value,
+    instance: Value,
+    child: usize,
+    required: i32,
+    scalar_kind: i32,
+    scalar_flags: i32,
+}
+type StringError = (Value, usize, &'static str);
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct ScalarArguments {
+    ordinal: Value,
+    rules: Value,
+    instance: Value,
+}
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+struct Message {
+    ordinal: usize,
+    keyword: &'static str,
+    opcode: i32,
+    operand: Value,
+    instance: Value,
+    detail: usize,
+    frame: Value,
+}
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct MessageArguments {
+    keyword: *const u8,
+    keyword_len: usize,
+    opcode: i32,
+    operand: Value,
+    instance: Value,
+    detail: usize,
+    frame: Value,
+}
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Pointers {
+    indices: HashMap<std::sync::Arc<pointer::Path>, usize>,
+    requests: Vec<PointerRequest>,
+}
+struct PointerRequest {
+    path: std::sync::Arc<pointer::Path>,
+    result: Option<Value>,
+}
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    fn sn_runtime_ordinal(ordinal: usize) -> Value;
+    fn sn_cached_runtime(
+        matches: *const c_void,
+        operation: i32,
+        source: Value,
+        value: Value,
+    ) -> i32;
+}
+impl Caches {
+    fn reset_pass(&self) {
+        self.scopes.reset();
+        self.reports.reset();
+        self.properties.reset();
+        self.pending.set(None);
+        self.call_cursor.set(0);
+        self.pending_pointer.set(None);
+        self.pending_message.set(None);
+        self.pending_scalar.set(None);
+        self.pending_contains.set(None);
+        self.frame_error.set(false);
+        self.pending_rescue.set(None);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn scope_guard(&self, resource: Value, enters: bool) -> scopes::Guard<'_> {
+        self.scopes.enter(resource, enters)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn reference_frame(&self, program: Value, instance: Value) -> scopes::Reference {
+        self.scopes.reference_frame(program, instance)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn reference_guard<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        frame: &'a scopes::Reference,
+    ) -> scopes::ReferenceGuard<'a> {
+        self.scopes.reference_guard(frame)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn reference_active(&self, program: Value, instance: Value) -> bool {
+        self.scopes.reference_active(program, instance)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn scopes_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.scopes.enabled()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn scope_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<Value> {
+        self.scopes.at(index)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn frame_error(&self, active: bool) {
+        self.frame_error.set(active);
+    }
+    pub(super) fn scalar_callback(&self) -> bool {
+        self.scalar_callback.get()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn callbacks_allowed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.callbacks_allowed.get()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn allow_callbacks(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        self.callbacks_allowed.set(allowed);
+    }
+    pub(super) fn allow_continuations(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        self.continuations_allowed.set(allowed);
+    }
+    pub(super) fn continuations_allowed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.continuations_allowed.get()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn allow_report_continuations(&self, allowed: bool) {
+        self.report_continuations_allowed.set(allowed);
+    }
+    pub(super) fn report_continuations_allowed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.report_continuations_allowed.get()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn admit(&self, engine: &Engine, root: usize) {
+        self.allow_callbacks(engine.scalar_callbacks_safe(root));
+        self.allow_continuations(engine.native_continuations_safe(root));
+        self.allow_report_continuations(engine.report_continuations_safe(root));
+    }
+    pub(super) fn initial_report(&self) -> Option<diagnostics::Report> {
+        self.reports.initial()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn report_child(
+        &self,
+        node: usize,
+        value: Value,
+        report: &mut diagnostics::Report,
+        annotations: bool,
+    ) -> Result<tracking::Tracked, Verdict> {
+        self.report_request(
+            ContainsArguments {
+                rules: unsafe { sn_nil() },
+                instance: value,
+                child: node,
+                required: 0,
+                scalar_kind: CALLBACK_RUNTIME,
+                scalar_flags: 0,
+            },
+            RUNTIME_NATIVE_REPORT,
+            report,
+            annotations,
+            None,
+        )
+    }
+    pub(super) fn container_report(
+        &self,
+        node: usize,
+        value: Value,
+        header: (Value, i32, bool),
+        report: &mut diagnostics::Report,
+        prior: &tracking::Tracked,
+        annotations: bool,
+    ) -> Result<tracking::Tracked, Verdict> {
+        self.report_request(
+            ContainsArguments {
+                rules: header.0,
+                instance: value,
+                child: node,
+                required: header.1,
+                scalar_kind: CALLBACK_RUNTIME,
+                scalar_flags: 0,
+            },
+            if header.2 {
+                RUNTIME_OBJECT_REPORT
+            } else {
+                RUNTIME_ARRAY_REPORT
+            },
+            report,
+            annotations,
+            Some(prior),
+        )
+    }
+    fn report_request(
+        &self,
+        arguments: ContainsArguments,
+        operation: i32,
+        report: &mut diagnostics::Report,
+        annotations: bool,
+        prior: Option<&tracking::Tracked>,
+    ) -> Result<tracking::Tracked, Verdict> {
+        let ordinal = self.next_call()?;
+        if self.observe(ordinal, arguments.instance, operation) == Unsupported {
+            let seed = match prior {
+                Some(prior) => report.container_continuation(annotations, prior),
+                None => report.continuation(annotations),
+            };
+            self.reports.request(ordinal, seed);
+            self.pending_contains.set(Some(arguments));
+            return Err(Unsupported);
+        }
+        Ok(report.adopt(self.reports.result(ordinal).ok_or(Unsupported)?))
+    }
+    pub(super) fn native_child(&self, child: usize, instance: Value) -> Verdict {
+        self.children_request(
+            ContainsArguments {
+                rules: unsafe { sn_nil() },
+                instance,
+                child,
+                required: 0,
+                scalar_kind: CALLBACK_RUNTIME,
+                scalar_flags: 0,
+            },
+            RUNTIME_NATIVE_CHILD,
+        )
+    }
+    pub(super) fn contains(
+        &self,
+        rules: Value,
+        instance: Value,
+        child: usize,
+        required: i32,
+        scalar: (i32, i32),
+    ) -> Verdict {
+        self.children_request(
+            ContainsArguments {
+                rules,
+                instance,
+                child,
+                required,
+                scalar_kind: scalar.0,
+                scalar_flags: scalar.1,
+            },
+            RUNTIME_SCALAR_CONTAINS,
+        )
+    }
+    pub(super) fn container_children(
+        &self,
+        rules: Value,
+        instance: Value,
+        node: usize,
+        required: i32,
+        object: bool,
+    ) -> Verdict {
+        self.children_request(
+            ContainsArguments {
+                rules,
+                instance,
+                child: node,
+                required,
+                scalar_kind: CALLBACK_RUNTIME,
+                scalar_flags: 0,
+            },
+            if object {
+                RUNTIME_OBJECT_CHILDREN
+            } else {
+                RUNTIME_ARRAY_CHILDREN
+            },
+        )
+    }
+    fn children_request(&self, arguments: ContainsArguments, operation: i32) -> Verdict {
+        let Ok(ordinal) = self.next_call() else {
+            return Unsupported;
+        };
+        let result = self.observe(ordinal, arguments.instance, operation);
+        if result == Unsupported {
+            self.pending_contains.set(Some(arguments));
+        }
+        result
+    }
+    pub(super) fn runtime_order(&self) -> bool {
+        self.runtime_order.get()
+    }
+    pub(super) fn budget(&self, limits: budget::Limits) -> budget::Budget {
+        if self.scalar_callback() {
+            // These children execute shared Ruby scalar primitives. Their VM
+            // checkpoints own the method boundaries; an entry/exit native
+            // deadline check could preempt an exception caught by the caller's
+            // Ruby block. The parent retains its native invocation deadline.
+            return budget::Budget::new(budget::Limits {
+                enabled: limits.enabled & !2,
+                ..limits
+            });
+        }
+        budget::Budget::resume(limits, &self.deadline)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn is_match(&self, index: usize, regex: &Regex, bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
+        // Each runner is tied to one engine, whose regex indices are fixed at
+        // compilation. Allocate only the caches this validator actually uses.
+        let mut caches = self.searches.borrow_mut();
+        if caches.len() <= index {
+            caches.resize_with(index + 1, || None);
+        }
+        let cache = caches[index].get_or_insert_with(|| Box::new(regex.create_cache()));
+        regex
+            .search_half_with(cache, &Input::new(bytes).earliest(true))
+            .is_some()
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn ruby_match(&self, source: Value, value: Value, assertion: bool) -> Verdict {
+        self.observe(
+            source,
+            value,
+            if assertion {
+                RUNTIME_REGEXP_ASSERTION
+            } else {
+                RUNTIME_REGEXP_STRICT
+            },
+        )
+    }
+    pub(super) fn json(&self, value: Value) -> Verdict {
+        // Qundef cannot be a Ruby pattern operand, including malformed schemas.
+        self.observe(unsafe { sn_undefined() }, value, RUNTIME_JSON)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn dynamic_calls(&self) -> bool {
+        self.dynamic_calls.get()
+    }
+    fn next_call(&self) -> Result<Value, Verdict> {
+        if !self.dynamic_calls.replace(true) {
+            self.reorder.set(true);
+        }
+        let ordinal = self.call_cursor.get();
+        if ordinal > (isize::MAX >> 1) as usize {
+            return Err(Unsupported);
+        }
+        self.call_cursor.set(ordinal + 1);
+        Ok(unsafe { sn_runtime_ordinal(ordinal) })
+    }
+    pub(super) fn path_pop(&self) -> Result<(), Verdict> {
+        let ordinal = self.next_call()?;
+        if self.observe(ordinal, unsafe { sn_nil() }, RUNTIME_PATH_POP) == Unsupported {
+            Err(Unsupported)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+    pub(super) fn callback_checkpoint(&self, value: Value) -> Verdict {
+        if !self.callback_checkpoints.get() {
+            return Valid;
+        }
+        let Ok(ordinal) = self.next_call() else {
+            return Unsupported;
+        };
+        self.observe(ordinal, value, RUNTIME_CALLBACK_CHECKPOINT)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn type_predicate(&self, value: Value, mask: i32, union: bool) -> Verdict {
+        let Ok(ordinal) = self.next_call() else {
+            return Unsupported;
+        };
+        self.observe(ordinal, value, RUNTIME_TYPE + mask * 2 + i32::from(union))
+    }
+    pub(super) fn number(
+        &self,
+        rules: Value,
+        instance: Value,
+        required: i32,
+    ) -> Result<ScalarFrame<'_>, Verdict> {
+        self.scalar(rules, instance, required, RUNTIME_NUMBER, 64)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn string(
+        &self,
+        rules: Value,
+        instance: Value,
+        flags: i32,
+    ) -> Result<ScalarFrame<'_>, Verdict> {
+        self.scalar(rules, instance, flags, RUNTIME_STRING, 256)
+    }
+    fn scalar(
+        &self,
+        rules: Value,
+        instance: Value,
+        required: i32,
+        base: i32,
+        stride: i32,
+    ) -> Result<ScalarFrame<'_>, Verdict> {
+        Ok(ScalarFrame {
+            caches: self,
+            arguments: ScalarArguments {
+                ordinal: self.next_call()?,
+                rules,
+                instance,
+            },
+            required,
+            base,
+            stride,
+        })
+    }
+    pub(super) fn container(
+        &self,
+        rules: Value,
+        instance: Value,
+        required: i32,
+        object: bool,
+    ) -> Result<ScalarFrame<'_>, Verdict> {
+        self.scalar(
+            rules,
+            instance,
+            required,
+            if object {
+                RUNTIME_OBJECT_HEADER
+            } else {
+                RUNTIME_ARRAY_HEADER
+            },
+            64,
+        )
+    }
+    pub(super) fn equality(&self, operand: Value, instance: Value, operation: i32) -> Verdict {
+        let Ok(ordinal) = self.next_call() else {
+            return Unsupported;
+        };
+        let result = self.observe(ordinal, instance, operation);
+        if result == Unsupported {
+            self.pending_scalar.set(Some(ScalarArguments {
+                ordinal,
+                rules: operand,
+                instance,
+            }));
+        }
+        result
+    }
+    pub(super) fn required_missing(&self, name: Value, value: Value) -> Verdict {
+        self.observe(name, value, RUNTIME_REQUIRED_MISSING)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn error_message(
+        &self,
+        keyword: &'static str,
+        source: (i32, Value),
+        instance: Value,
+        detail: usize,
+        ordinal: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Value, Verdict> {
+        let message = Message {
+            ordinal,
+            keyword,
+            opcode: source.0,
+            operand: source.1,
+            instance,
+            detail,
+            frame: unsafe { sn_undefined() },
+        };
+        self.message(message)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn frame_message(
+        &self,
+        keyword: &'static str,
+        source: (i32, Value),
+        instance: Value,
+        frame: Value,
+        ordinal: usize,
+        rescued: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Value, Verdict> {
+        self.message(Message {
+            ordinal,
+            keyword,
+            opcode: source.0,
+            operand: source.1,
+            instance,
+            detail: usize::from(rescued),
+            frame,
+        })
+    }
+    pub(super) fn begin_string_error(
+        &self,
+        frame: Value,
+        ordinal: usize,
+        keyword: &'static str,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let key = (frame, ordinal, keyword);
+        if self.rescued_strings.borrow().contains(&key) {
+            self.apply_runtime(scopes::Key::Rescue(key));
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.pending_rescue.set(Some(key));
+        true
+    }
+    pub(super) fn end_string_error(&self) {
+        self.pending_rescue.set(None);
+    }
+    fn message(&self, message: Message) -> Result<Value, Verdict> {
+        if let Some(value) = self.messages.borrow_mut().entry(message).or_insert(None) {
+            self.apply_runtime(scopes::Key::Message(message));
+            return Ok(*value);
+        }
+        self.request_runtime(scopes::Key::Message(message));
+        self.pending_message.set(Some(message));
+        self.pending.set(Some((
+            unsafe { sn_undefined() },
+            unsafe { sn_nil() },
+            RUNTIME_DIAGNOSTIC_MESSAGE,
+        )));
+        Err(Unsupported)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn pointer(&self, path: &pointer::Path) -> Result<Value, Verdict> {
+        let mut pointers = self.pointers.borrow_mut();
+        let index = if let Some(&index) = pointers.indices.get(path) {
+            index
+        } else {
+            let path = std::sync::Arc::new(path.clone());
+            let index = pointers.requests.len();
+            pointers.indices.insert(path.clone(), index);
+            pointers
+                .requests
+                .push(PointerRequest { path, result: None });
+            index
+        };
+        if let Some(value) = pointers.requests[index].result {
+            self.apply_runtime(scopes::Key::Pointer(index));
+            return Ok(value);
+        }
+        self.request_runtime(scopes::Key::Pointer(index));
+        self.pending_pointer.set(Some(index));
+        self.pending.set(Some((
+            unsafe { sn_undefined() },
+            unsafe { sn_nil() },
+            RUNTIME_POINTER,
+        )));
+        Err(Unsupported)
+    }
+    pub(super) fn null_number(&self, value: Value, bit: i32, decimal: bool) -> Verdict {
+        self.observe(
+            unsafe { sn_nil() },
+            value,
+            RUNTIME_NULL_NUMBER + bit * 2 + i32::from(decimal),
+        )
+    }
+    pub(super) fn invalid_regexp(&self, source: Value, value: Value) -> bool {
+        let matches = self.matches.get();
+        let invalid = !matches.is_null()
+            && unsafe { sn_cached_runtime(matches, RUNTIME_REGEXP_ASSERTION, source, value) }
+                == REGEXP_INVALID;
+        if invalid {
+            self.apply_runtime(scopes::Key::Value(source, value, RUNTIME_REGEXP_ASSERTION));
+        }
+        invalid
+    }
+    pub(super) fn capture_report(&self, report: &crate::diagnostics::Report) {
+        self.reports.capture(report);
+    }
+    pub(super) fn apply_report_effects(&self, report: &mut crate::diagnostics::Report) {
+        self.reports.apply(report);
+    }
+    fn request_runtime(&self, key: scopes::Key) {
+        self.scopes.request(key);
+        self.reports.request_runtime(key);
+    }
+    fn apply_runtime(&self, key: scopes::Key) {
+        self.scopes.apply(key);
+        self.reports.apply_runtime(key);
+    }
+    fn observe(&self, source: Value, value: Value, operation: i32) -> Verdict {
+        let matches = self.matches.get();
+        if !matches.is_null() {
+            let cached = unsafe { sn_cached_runtime(matches, operation, source, value) };
+            if operation == RUNTIME_REGEXP_ASSERTION && cached == REGEXP_INVALID {
+                self.apply_runtime(scopes::Key::Value(source, value, operation));
+                return Invalid;
+            }
+            let result = decode(cached);
+            if result != Unsupported {
+                self.apply_runtime(scopes::Key::Value(source, value, operation));
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+        self.request_runtime(scopes::Key::Value(source, value, operation));
+        self.pending.set(Some((source, value, operation)));
+        Unsupported
+    }
+}
+pub(super) struct ScalarFrame<'a> {
+    caches: &'a Caches,
+    arguments: ScalarArguments,
+    required: i32,
+    base: i32,
+    stride: i32,
+}
+impl ScalarFrame<'_> {
+    pub(super) fn ordinal(&self) -> Value {
+        self.arguments.ordinal
+    }
+    pub(super) fn step(&self, step: i32) -> Verdict {
+        let Some(operation) = step
+            .checked_mul(self.stride)
+            .and_then(|step| self.base.checked_add(step))
+            .and_then(|operation| operation.checked_add(self.required))
+        else {
+            return Unsupported;
+        };
+        let result =
+            self.caches
+                .observe(self.arguments.ordinal, self.arguments.instance, operation);
+        if result == Unsupported {
+            self.caches.pending_scalar.set(Some(self.arguments));
+        }
+        result
+    }
+    pub(super) fn predicate(&self, step: i32) -> Result<bool, Verdict> {
+        match self.step(step) {
+            Valid => Ok(true),
+            Invalid => Ok(false),
+            Unsupported => Err(Unsupported),
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be null or the currently active runner's caches, and klass one
+/// of the exact identity scalar classes. No Ruby allocation is performed here.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_identity_kind(caches: *const Caches, klass: Value) -> i32 {
+    let Some(caches) = (unsafe { caches.as_ref() }) else {
+        return TYPE_UNSUPPORTED;
+    };
+    match caches.observe(klass, unsafe { sn_nil() }, RUNTIME_IDENTITY_METHODS) {
+        Valid => TYPE_IDENTITY_SCALAR,
+        Invalid | Unsupported => TYPE_UNSUPPORTED,
+    }
+}
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn sn_caches_new() -> *mut Caches {
+    Box::into_raw(Box::new(Caches::default()))
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be owned, returned by sn_caches_new, and freed exactly once.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_free(caches: *mut Caches) {
+    drop(unsafe { Box::from_raw(caches) });
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live; call under the GVL or while all Ractors are stopped.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_size(caches_ptr: *const Caches) -> usize {
+    // GC may inspect a stopped runner while its search has borrowed a cache.
+    let Ok(caches) = (unsafe { &*caches_ptr }).searches.try_borrow() else {
+        return std::mem::size_of::<Caches>();
+    };
+    let pointers = unsafe { &*caches_ptr }
+        .pointers
+        .try_borrow()
+        .map_or(0, |pointers| {
+            pointers.indices.capacity()
+                * std::mem::size_of::<(std::sync::Arc<pointer::Path>, usize)>()
+                + pointers.requests.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<PointerRequest>()
+                + pointers
+                    .requests
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|r| std::mem::size_of::<pointer::Path>() + r.path.memory_usage())
+                    .sum::<usize>()
+        });
+    let messages = unsafe { &*caches_ptr }
+        .messages
+        .try_borrow()
+        .map_or(0, |messages| {
+            messages.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<(Message, Option<Value>)>()
+        });
+    let rescued = unsafe { &*caches_ptr }
+        .rescued_strings
+        .try_borrow()
+        .map_or(0, |set| set.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<StringError>());
+    std::mem::size_of::<Caches>()
+        + unsafe { &*caches_ptr }.scopes.size()
+        + rescued
+        + messages
+        + unsafe { &*caches_ptr }.reports.memory_usage()
+        + unsafe { &*caches_ptr }.properties.memory_usage()
+        + pointers
+        + caches.capacity() * std::mem::size_of::<Option<Box<Cache>>>()
+        + caches
+            .iter()
+            .flatten()
+            .map(|cache| std::mem::size_of::<Cache>() + cache.memory_usage())
+            .sum::<usize>()
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// All pointers must be live. The C table belongs to the owning runner.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_runtime(caches: *const Caches, matches: *const c_void) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.matches.set(matches);
+    caches.reset_pass();
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live and idle under the GVL.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_frame_error(caches: *const Caches) -> i32 {
+    i32::from(unsafe { &*caches }.frame_error.get())
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be idle under the GVL. Capture only a RegexpError raised while
+/// constructing a reached string error; its rescue handler must not catch again.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_rescue_regexp(caches: *const Caches) -> i32 {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    if let Some(key) = caches.pending_rescue.take() {
+        caches.scopes.rescue(key);
+        caches.rescued_strings.borrow_mut().insert(key);
+        1
+    } else {
+        0
+    }
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live and idle under the GVL. Consume a transition to ordered
+/// scalar calls before C services a request with newly assigned ordinals.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_take_reorder(caches: *const Caches) -> i32 {
+    i32::from(unsafe { &*caches }.reorder.replace(false))
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live and called only between complete validation calls.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_begin(caches: *const Caches) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.scopes.clear();
+    caches.reports.clear();
+    caches.properties.clear();
+    caches.report_continuations_allowed.set(false);
+    caches.reset_pass();
+    caches.deadline.set(None);
+    caches.runtime_order.set(false);
+    caches.dynamic_calls.set(false);
+    caches.scalar_callback.set(false);
+    caches.callback_checkpoints.set(false);
+    caches.callbacks_allowed.set(false);
+    caches.continuations_allowed.set(false);
+    caches.reorder.set(false);
+    caches.rescued_strings.borrow_mut().clear();
+    *caches.pointers.borrow_mut() = Pointers::default();
+    *caches.messages.borrow_mut() = HashMap::new();
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live and no Rust evaluation may be active.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_observe(caches: *const Caches) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.reset_pass();
+    caches.runtime_order.set(true);
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches and output pointers must be live under the GVL.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_pending(
+    caches: *const Caches,
+    source: *mut Value,
+    value: *mut Value,
+    operation: *mut i32,
+) -> i32 {
+    if let Some((operand, instance, kind)) = unsafe { &*caches }.pending.get() {
+        unsafe {
+            *source = operand;
+            *value = instance;
+            *operation = kind;
+        }
+        1
+    } else {
+        0
+    }
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Both caches must be live and idle under the GVL. The parent has unwound.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_child(
+    caches: *const Caches,
+    parent: *const Caches,
+    limited: i32,
+    scalar: i32,
+) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.deadline.set(unsafe { &*parent }.deadline.get());
+    caches.scalar_callback.set(scalar != 0);
+    caches.callback_checkpoints.set(scalar != 0 && limited != 0);
+    caches.dynamic_calls.set(true);
+    caches.runtime_order.set(true);
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live and idle under the GVL.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_is_scalar(caches: *const Caches) -> i32 {
+    i32::from(unsafe { &*caches }.scalar_callback())
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must be live and idle under the GVL, after a Ruby scalar has returned.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_deadline_expired(caches: *const Caches) -> i32 {
+    i32::from(
+        unsafe { &*caches }
+            .deadline
+            .get()
+            .is_some_and(|deadline| std::time::Instant::now() >= deadline),
+    )
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must hold a pending child request and output must be writable.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_contains_arguments(
+    caches: *const Caches,
+    output: *mut ContainsArguments,
+) {
+    unsafe {
+        *output = (&*caches)
+            .pending_contains
+            .get()
+            .expect("pending contains callback")
+    };
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Call from the owning runner's GC mark callback while caches are live.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_mark(caches: *const Caches) {
+    unsafe { &*caches }.scopes.mark();
+    unsafe { &*caches }.reports.mark();
+    unsafe { &*caches }.properties.mark();
+    if let Some(arguments) = unsafe { &*caches }.pending_contains.get() {
+        unsafe {
+            sn_pin(arguments.rules);
+            sn_pin(arguments.instance);
+        }
+    }
+    // All keys also belong to the live original instance/schema. C roots every
+    // completed result before recording it, including during stopped-Ractor GC.
+    if let Ok(pointers) = unsafe { &*caches }.pointers.try_borrow() {
+        for request in &pointers.requests {
+            for &(_, key) in &request.path.names {
+                unsafe { sn_pin(key) };
+            }
+            if let Some(value) = request.result {
+                unsafe { sn_pin(value) };
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(messages) = unsafe { &*caches }.messages.try_borrow() {
+        for (message, result) in messages.iter() {
+            unsafe {
+                sn_pin(message.operand);
+                sn_pin(message.instance);
+                if let Some(value) = result {
+                    sn_pin(*value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(scalar) = unsafe { &*caches }.pending_scalar.get() {
+        unsafe {
+            sn_pin(scalar.rules);
+            sn_pin(scalar.instance);
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some((source, value, _)) = unsafe { &*caches }.pending.get() {
+        unsafe {
+            sn_pin(source);
+            sn_pin(value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must have a pending pointer request and be idle under the GVL.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_pointer_parts(caches: *const Caches) -> usize {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.pointers.borrow().requests[caches.pending_pointer.get().unwrap()]
+        .path
+        .names
+        .len()
+        + 1
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must have a pending pointer request; index must be in bounds and
+/// output pointers writable. Text remains owned by the request until cleanup.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_pointer_part(
+    caches: *const Caches,
+    index: usize,
+    data: *mut *const u8,
+    len: *mut usize,
+    key: *mut Value,
+) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    let pointers = caches.pointers.borrow();
+    let path = &pointers.requests[caches.pending_pointer.get().unwrap()].path;
+    let start = if index == 0 {
+        0
+    } else {
+        path.names[index - 1].0
+    };
+    let (end, name) = path
+        .names
+        .get(index)
+        .copied()
+        .unwrap_or((path.text.len(), unsafe { sn_undefined() }));
+    unsafe {
+        *data = path.text.as_ptr().add(start);
+        *len = end - start;
+        *key = name;
+    }
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must have a pending pointer request. Value must be rooted by the
+/// owning C runner until cleanup, with no active Rust evaluation.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_pointer_result(caches: *const Caches, value: Value) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.pointers.borrow_mut().requests[caches.pending_pointer.get().unwrap()].result =
+        Some(value);
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must have a pending message and the output pointer must be writable.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_message_arguments(
+    caches: *const Caches,
+    output: *mut MessageArguments,
+) {
+    let message = unsafe { &*caches }.pending_message.get().unwrap();
+    unsafe {
+        *output = MessageArguments {
+            keyword: message.keyword.as_ptr(),
+            keyword_len: message.keyword.len(),
+            opcode: message.opcode,
+            operand: message.operand,
+            instance: message.instance,
+            detail: message.detail,
+            frame: message.frame,
+        };
+    }
+}
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must have a pending message with no active Rust evaluation.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_message_result(caches: *const Caches, result: Value) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches
+        .messages
+        .borrow_mut()
+        .insert(caches.pending_message.get().unwrap(), Some(result));
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches must have a pending scalar request and output must be writable.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_scalar_arguments(caches: *const Caches, output: *mut ScalarArguments) {
+    unsafe {
+        *output = (&*caches).pending_scalar.get().unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn child_modes_inherit_deadlines_without_adding_normal_scalar_checkpoints() {
+        let parent = Caches::default();
+        let child = Caches::default();
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(10);
+        parent.deadline.set(Some(deadline));
+        unsafe { sn_caches_child(&child, &parent, 1, 0) };
+        assert_eq!(child.deadline.get(), Some(deadline));
+        assert!(!child.scalar_callback());
+        assert!(!child.callback_checkpoints.get());
+        assert!(child.dynamic_calls());
+        assert!(child.runtime_order());
+        unsafe { sn_caches_child(&child, &parent, 1, 1) };
+        assert_eq!(child.deadline.get(), Some(deadline));
+        assert!(child.scalar_callback());
+        assert!(child.callback_checkpoints.get());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reports_memory_when_a_search_cache_is_borrowed() {
+        let caches = Caches::default();
+        let regex = Regex::new("value[0-9]+").unwrap();
+        assert!(caches.is_match(0, &regex, b"value1"));
+        assert!(unsafe { sn_caches_size(&caches) } > std::mem::size_of::<Caches>());
+        let _search = caches.searches.borrow_mut();
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { sn_caches_size(&caches) },
+            std::mem::size_of::<Caches>()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// Caches are idle at the start of a public invocation with a reused Ruby pool.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn sn_caches_reuse_buffers(caches: *const Caches) {
+    let caches = unsafe { &*caches };
+    caches.dynamic_calls.set(true);
+    caches.runtime_order.set(true);
+}