rubygems-update 3.1.6 → 3.4.10

data/test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rubygems/test_case'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'stringio'
-require 'rubygems/ext'
-require 'rubygems/specification'
-require 'rubygems/installer'
-require 'rubygems/platform'
+require "benchmark"
+require_relative "helper"
+require "date"
+require "pathname"
+require "stringio"
+require "rubygems/ext"
+require "rubygems/specification"
+require "rubygems/installer"
+require "rubygems/platform"
 
 class TestGemSpecification < Gem::TestCase
-
-  LEGACY_YAML_SPEC = <<-EOF.freeze
+  LEGACY_YAML_SPEC = <<-EOF
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 rubygems_version: "1.0"
 name: keyedlist
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ email: flgr@ccan.de
 has_rdoc: true
   EOF
 
-  LEGACY_RUBY_SPEC = <<-EOF.freeze
+  LEGACY_RUBY_SPEC = <<-EOF
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name = %q{keyedlist}
   s.version = %q{0.4.0}
@@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ end
   EOF
 
   def make_spec_c1
-    @c1 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.executable = 'exec'
-      s.extensions << 'ext/a/extconf.rb'
-      s.test_file = 'test/suite.rb'
-      s.requirements << 'A working computer'
-      s.license = 'MIT'
+    @c1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executable = "exec"
+      s.extensions << "ext/a/extconf.rb"
+      s.test_file = "test/suite.rb"
+      s.requirements << "A working computer"
+      s.license = "MIT"
 
-      s.add_dependency 'rake', '> 0.4'
-      s.add_dependency 'jabber4r', '> 0.0.0'
-      s.add_dependency 'pqa', ['> 0.4', '<= 0.6']
+      s.add_dependency "rake", "> 0.4"
+      s.add_dependency "jabber4r", "> 0.0.0"
+      s.add_dependency "pqa", ["> 0.4", "<= 0.6"]
 
       s.mark_version
       s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
@@ -61,16 +61,16 @@ end
   end
 
   def ext_spec(platform: Gem::Platform::RUBY)
-    @ext = util_spec 'ext', '1' do |s|
-      s.executable = 'exec'
-      s.test_file = 'test/suite.rb'
+    @ext = util_spec "ext", "1" do |s|
+      s.executable = "exec"
+      s.test_file = "test/suite.rb"
       s.extensions = %w[ext/extconf.rb]
-      s.license = 'MIT'
+      s.license = "MIT"
       s.platform = platform
 
       s.mark_version
       s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
-      s.installed_by_version = v('2.2')
+      s.installed_by_version = v("2.2")
     end
   end
 
@@ -88,306 +88,281 @@ end
     # is not set.
     Gem.instance_variable_set(:'@default_source_date_epoch', nil)
 
-    @a1 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.executable = 'exec'
-      s.test_file = 'test/suite.rb'
-      s.requirements << 'A working computer'
-      s.license = 'MIT'
+    @a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executable = "exec"
+      s.test_file = "test/suite.rb"
+      s.requirements << "A working computer"
+      s.license = "MIT"
 
       s.mark_version
       s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
     end
 
-    @a2 = util_spec 'a', '2' do |s|
+    @a2 = util_spec "a", "2" do |s|
       s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
     end
 
-    @a3 = util_spec 'a', '3' do |s|
-      s.metadata['allowed_push_host'] = "https://privategemserver.com"
+    @a3 = util_spec "a", "3" do |s|
+      s.metadata["allowed_push_host"] = "https://privategemserver.com"
     end
 
     @current_version = Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION
-
-    load 'rubygems/syck_hack.rb'
   end
 
   def test_self_find_active_stub_by_path
-    spec = util_spec('a', '1', nil, 'lib/foo.rb')
+    spec = util_spec("a", "1", nil, "lib/foo.rb")
     spec.activated = true
 
     # There used to be a bug (introduced in a9c1aaf) when Gem::Specification
     # objects are present in the @stubs collection. This test verifies that
     # this scenario works correctly.
     Gem::Specification.all = [spec]
-    assert_equal spec, Gem::Specification.find_active_stub_by_path('foo')
+    assert_equal spec, Gem::Specification.find_active_stub_by_path("foo")
   end
 
   def test_self_activate
-    foo = util_spec 'foo', '1'
+    foo = util_spec "foo", "1"
 
     assert_activate %w[foo-1], foo
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_ambiguous_direct
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec("b", "1", { "c" => ">= 1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb")
-      b2 = util_spec("b", "2", { "c" => ">= 2" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb")
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec("b", "1", { "c" => ">= 1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb")
+    b2 = util_spec("b", "2", { "c" => ">= 2" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb")
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
 
-      Gem::Specification.reset
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    Gem::Specification.reset
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    a1.activate
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_find_in_unresolved_tree_is_not_exponentiental
-    save_loaded_features do
-      num_of_pkg = 7
-      num_of_version_per_pkg = 3
-      packages = (0..num_of_pkg).map do |pkgi|
-        (0..num_of_version_per_pkg).map do |pkg_version|
-          deps = Hash[((pkgi + 1)..num_of_pkg).map do |deppkgi|
-            ["pkg#{deppkgi}", ">= 0"]
-          end]
-          util_spec "pkg#{pkgi}", pkg_version.to_s, deps
-        end
+    pend "currently slower in CI on TruffleRuby" if RUBY_ENGINE == "truffleruby"
+    num_of_pkg = 7
+    num_of_version_per_pkg = 3
+    packages = (0..num_of_pkg).map do |pkgi|
+      (0..num_of_version_per_pkg).map do |pkg_version|
+        deps = Hash[((pkgi + 1)..num_of_pkg).map do |deppkgi|
+                      ["pkg#{deppkgi}", ">= 0"]
+                    end]
+        util_spec "pkg#{pkgi}", pkg_version.to_s, deps
       end
-      base = util_spec "pkg_base", "1", {"pkg0" => ">= 0"}
+    end
+    base = util_spec "pkg_base", "1", { "pkg0" => ">= 0" }
 
-      Gem::Specification.reset
-      install_specs(*packages.flatten.reverse)
-      install_specs base
-      base.activate
+    Gem::Specification.reset
+    install_specs(*packages.flatten.reverse)
+    install_specs base
+    base.activate
 
-      tms = Benchmark.measure do
-        assert_raises(LoadError) { require 'no_such_file_foo' }
-      end
-      assert_operator tms.total, :<=, 10
+    tms = Benchmark.measure do
+      assert_raise(LoadError) { require "no_such_file_foo" }
     end
+    assert_operator tms.total, :<=, 10
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_ambiguous_indirect
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
 
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    a1.activate
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_ambiguous_indirect_conflict
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      a2 = util_spec "a", "2", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      c2 = util_spec("c", "2", { "a" => "1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb") # conflicts with a-2
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    a2 = util_spec "a", "2", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    c2 = util_spec("c", "2", { "a" => "1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb") # conflicts with a-2
 
-      install_specs c1, b1, a1, a2, c2, b2
+    install_specs c1, b1, a1, a2, c2, b2
 
-      a2.activate
-      assert_equal %w(a-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    a2.activate
+    assert_equal %w[a-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-2 b-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-2 b-1 c-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_ambiguous_unrelated
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
 
-      install_specs d1, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs d1, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    a1.activate
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 d-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 d-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_require_should_prefer_latest_gem_level1
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/c#{$$}.rb"  # 1st level
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", nil, "lib/c#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/c#{$$}.rb" # 1st level
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", nil, "lib/c#{$$}.rb"
 
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      require "c#{$$}"
+    require "c#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2), loaded_spec_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_require_should_prefer_latest_gem_level2
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => ">= 0"  # 1st level
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => ">= 0"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => ">= 0" # 1st level
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => ">= 0"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
 
-      install_specs d1, d2, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs d1, d2, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2 d-2), loaded_spec_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2 d-2], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_require_finds_in_2nd_level_indirect
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => "<= 2" # 1st level
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => "<= 2" # 1st level
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
 
-      install_specs d1, d2, d3, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs d1, d2, d3, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2 d-2), loaded_spec_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2 d-2], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_require_should_prefer_reachable_gems
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => "<= 2" # 1st level
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      e  = util_spec "anti_d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 0" # unresolved
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 0"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => "<= 2" # 1st level
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    e  = util_spec "anti_d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+
+    install_specs d1, d2, d3, e, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      install_specs d1, d2, d3, e, c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
-
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2 d-2), loaded_spec_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2 d-2], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_require_should_not_conflict
-    save_loaded_features do
-      base = util_spec "0", "1", "A" => ">= 1"
-      a1 = util_spec "A", "1", {"c" => ">= 2", "b" => "> 0"}, "lib/a.rb"
-      a2 = util_spec "A", "2", {"c" => ">= 2", "b" => "> 0"}, "lib/a.rb"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", {"c" => "= 1"}, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", {"c" => "= 2"}, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", {}, "lib/c.rb"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", {}, "lib/c.rb"
-      c3 = util_spec "c", "3", {}, "lib/c.rb"
-
-      install_specs c1, c2, c3, b1, b2, a1, a2, base
-
-      base.activate
-      assert_equal %w(0-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["A (>= 1)"], unresolved_names
+    base = util_spec "0", "1", "A" => ">= 1"
+    a1 = util_spec "A", "1", { "c" => ">= 2", "b" => "> 0" }, "lib/a.rb"
+    a2 = util_spec "A", "2", { "c" => ">= 2", "b" => "> 0" }, "lib/a.rb"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", { "c" => "= 1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", { "c" => "= 2" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", {}, "lib/c.rb"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", {}, "lib/c.rb"
+    c3 = util_spec "c", "3", {}, "lib/c.rb"
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    install_specs c1, c2, c3, b1, b2, a1, a2, base
 
-      assert_equal %w(0-1 A-2 b-2 c-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    base.activate
+    assert_equal %w[0-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["A (>= 1)"], unresolved_names
+
+    require "d#{$$}"
+
+    assert_equal %w[0-1 A-2 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_inner_clonflict_in_indirect_gems
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1" # unresolved
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 1", "d" => "< 3"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => "<= 2" # 1st level
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
-      c3 = util_spec "c", "3", "d" => "<= 3"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-
-      install_specs d1, d2, d3, c1, c2, c3, b1, b2, a1
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1" # unresolved
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 1", "d" => "< 3"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", "d" => "<= 2" # 1st level
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
+    c3 = util_spec "c", "3", "d" => "<= 3"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+
+    install_specs d1, d2, d3, c1, c2, c3, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_includes [%w(a-1 b-2 c-3 d-2),%w(a-1 b-2 d-2)], loaded_spec_names
-    end
+    assert_includes [%w[a-1 b-2 c-3 d-2],%w[a-1 b-2 d-2]], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_inner_clonflict_in_indirect_gems_reversed
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "xc" => ">= 1" # unresolved
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "xc" => ">= 1", "d" => "< 3"
-      c1 = util_spec "xc", "1", "d" => "<= 3" # 1st level
-      c2 = util_spec "xc", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
-      c3 = util_spec "xc", "3", "d" => "<= 3"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "xc" => ">= 1" # unresolved
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "xc" => ">= 1", "d" => "< 3"
+    c1 = util_spec "xc", "1", "d" => "<= 3" # 1st level
+    c2 = util_spec "xc", "2", "d" => "<= 2"
+    c3 = util_spec "xc", "3", "d" => "<= 3"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # 2nd level
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    d3 = util_spec "d", "3", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+
+    install_specs d1, d2, d3, c1, c2, c3, b1, b2, a1
 
-      install_specs d1, d2, d3, c1, c2, c3, b1, b2, a1
+    a1.activate
 
-      a1.activate
+    require "d#{$$}"
 
-      require "d#{$$}"
-
-      assert_includes [%w(a-1 b-2 d-2 xc-3), %w(a-1 b-2 d-2)], loaded_spec_names
-    end
+    assert_includes [%w[a-1 b-2 d-2 xc-3], %w[a-1 b-2 d-2]], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   ##
@@ -397,16 +372,16 @@ end
   #     [B] ~> 1.0 (satisfied by 1.0)
 
   def test_self_activate_checks_dependencies
-    a = util_spec 'a', '1.0'
-    a.add_dependency 'c', '= 1.0'
-    a.add_dependency 'b', '~> 1.0'
+    a = util_spec "a", "1.0"
+    a.add_dependency "c", "= 1.0"
+    a.add_dependency "b", "~> 1.0"
 
-    b1 = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    b2 = util_spec 'b', '2.0'
-    c  = util_spec 'c', '1.0', 'b' => '= 2.0'
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2.0"
+    c  = util_spec "c", "1.0", "b" => "= 2.0"
     install_specs b1, b2, c, a
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::LoadError do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::LoadError do
       assert_activate nil, a, c, "b"
     end
 
@@ -421,14 +396,14 @@ end
   #         [B] = 2.0
 
   def test_self_activate_divergent
-    a  = util_spec 'a', '1.0', 'b' => '~> 1.0', 'c' => '= 1.0'
-    b1 = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    b2 = util_spec 'b', '2.0'
-    c  = util_spec 'c', '1.0', 'b' => '= 2.0'
+    a  = util_spec "a", "1.0", "b" => "~> 1.0", "c" => "= 1.0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2.0"
+    c  = util_spec "c", "1.0", "b" => "= 2.0"
 
     install_specs b1, b2, c, a
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::ConflictError do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::ConflictError do
       assert_activate nil, a, c, "b"
     end
 
@@ -440,9 +415,9 @@ end
   # DOC
 
   def test_self_activate_old_required
-    e1, = util_spec 'e', '1', 'd' => '= 1'
-    @d1 = util_spec 'd', '1'
-    @d2 = util_spec 'd', '2'
+    e1, = util_spec "e", "1", "d" => "= 1"
+    @d1 = util_spec "d", "1"
+    @d2 = util_spec "d", "2"
 
     install_specs @d1, @d2, e1
 
@@ -453,17 +428,17 @@ end
   # DOC
 
   def test_self_activate_platform_alternate
-    @x1_m = util_spec 'x', '1' do |s|
+    @x1_m = util_spec "x", "1" do |s|
       s.platform = Gem::Platform.new %w[cpu my_platform 1]
     end
 
-    @x1_o = util_spec 'x', '1' do |s|
+    @x1_o = util_spec "x", "1" do |s|
       s.platform = Gem::Platform.new %w[cpu other_platform 1]
     end
 
-    @w1 = util_spec 'w', '1', 'x' => nil
+    @w1 = util_spec "w", "1", "x" => nil
 
-    util_set_arch 'cpu-my_platform1'
+    util_set_arch "cpu-my_platform1"
     install_specs @x1_m, @x1_o, @w1
 
     assert_activate %w[x-1-cpu-my_platform-1 w-1], @w1, @x1_m
@@ -473,13 +448,13 @@ end
   # DOC
 
   def test_self_activate_platform_bump
-    @y1 = util_spec 'y', '1'
+    @y1 = util_spec "y", "1"
 
-    @y1_1_p = util_spec 'y', '1.1' do |s|
+    @y1_1_p = util_spec "y", "1.1" do |s|
       s.platform = Gem::Platform.new %w[cpu my_platform 1]
     end
 
-    @z1 = util_spec 'z', '1', 'y' => nil
+    @z1 = util_spec "z", "1", "y" => nil
     install_specs @y1, @y1_1_p, @z1
 
     assert_activate %w[y-1 z-1], @z1, @y1
@@ -492,11 +467,11 @@ end
   #         [A] >= 0 (satisfied by 1.a)
 
   def test_self_activate_prerelease
-    @c1_pre = util_spec 'c', '1.a', "a" => "1.a", "b" => "1"
-    @a1_pre = util_spec 'a', '1.a'
-    @b1     = util_spec 'b', '1' do |s|
-      s.add_dependency 'a'
-      s.add_development_dependency 'aa'
+    @c1_pre = util_spec "c", "1.a", "a" => "1.a", "b" => "1"
+    @a1_pre = util_spec "a", "1.a"
+    @b1     = util_spec "b", "1" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "a"
+      s.add_development_dependency "aa"
     end
     install_specs @a1_pre, @b1, @c1_pre
 
@@ -511,41 +486,37 @@ end
     install_specs b1, b2, a1
 
     a1.activate
-    save_loaded_features do
-      require "b/c"
-    end
+    require "b/c"
 
-    assert_equal %w(a-1 b-1), loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-1], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_via_require_wtf
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0", "d" => "> 0"    # this
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", { "c" => ">= 1" }, "lib/b#{$$}.rb"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", { "c" => ">= 2" }, "lib/b#{$$}.rb" # this
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2"                                # this
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # this
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0", "d" => "> 0" # this
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", { "c" => ">= 1" }, "lib/b#{$$}.rb"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", { "c" => ">= 2" }, "lib/b#{$$}.rb" # this
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2" # this
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d#{$$}.rb" # this
 
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, d1, d2, a1
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, d1, d2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)", "d (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)", "d (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      require "b#{$$}"
+    require "b#{$$}"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::LoadError do
-        require "d#{$$}"
-      end
+    e = assert_raise Gem::LoadError do
+      require "d#{$$}"
+    end
 
-      assert_equal "unable to find a version of 'd' to activate", e.message
+    assert_equal "unable to find a version of 'd' to activate", e.message
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["d (> 0)"], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["d (> 0)"], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_deep_unambiguous
@@ -558,11 +529,11 @@ end
     install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
     a1.activate
-    assert_equal %w(a-1 b-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-1 c-1], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_loaded
-    foo = util_spec 'foo', '1'
+    foo = util_spec "foo", "1"
 
     assert foo.activate
     refute foo.activate
@@ -574,9 +545,9 @@ end
   # [C] depends on nothing
 
   def test_self_activate_unrelated
-    a = util_spec 'a', '1.0', 'b' => '>= 1.0'
-    b = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    c = util_spec 'c', '1.0'
+    a = util_spec "a", "1.0", "b" => ">= 1.0"
+    b = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    c = util_spec "c", "1.0"
     install_specs b, c, a
 
     assert_activate %w[b-1.0 c-1.0 a-1.0], a, c, "b"
@@ -592,11 +563,11 @@ end
   # TODO: move these to specification
 
   def test_self_activate_over
-    a = util_spec 'a', '1.0', 'b' => '>= 1.0', 'c' => '= 1.0'
-    install_specs util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    install_specs util_spec 'b', '1.1'
-    install_specs util_spec 'b', '2.0'
-    install_specs util_spec 'c', '1.0', 'b' => '~> 1.0'
+    a = util_spec "a", "1.0", "b" => ">= 1.0", "c" => "= 1.0"
+    install_specs util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    install_specs util_spec "b", "1.1"
+    install_specs util_spec "b", "2.0"
+    install_specs util_spec "c", "1.0", "b" => "~> 1.0"
     install_specs a
 
     a.activate
@@ -617,10 +588,10 @@ end
   # first resolve through a dependency that is later pruned.
 
   def test_self_activate_under
-    a    = util_spec 'a', '1.0', 'b' => '~> 1.0', 'c' => '= 1.0'
-    b1   = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    b1_1 = util_spec 'b', '1.1'
-    c    = util_spec 'c', '1.0', 'b' => '= 1.0'
+    a    = util_spec "a", "1.0", "b" => "~> 1.0", "c" => "= 1.0"
+    b1   = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    b1_1 = util_spec "b", "1.1"
+    c    = util_spec "c", "1.0", "b" => "= 1.0"
 
     install_specs b1, b1_1, c, a
 
@@ -636,10 +607,10 @@ end
   # [C1] depends on nothing
 
   def test_self_activate_dropped
-    a1 = util_spec 'a', '1', 'b' => nil
-    b1 = util_spec 'b', '1', 'c' => nil
-    b2 = util_spec 'b', '2'
-    c1 = util_spec 'c', '1'
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => nil
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => nil
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
     install_specs c1, b1, b2, a1
 
     assert_activate %w[b-2 a-1], a1, "b"
@@ -656,11 +627,11 @@ end
   # resolve.
 
   def test_self_activate_raggi_the_edgecase_generator
-    a    = util_spec 'a', '1.0', 'b' => '>= 1.0', 'c' => '>= 1.0'
-    b1   = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    b1_0 = util_spec 'b', '1.1', 'z' => '>= 1.0'
-    c    = util_spec 'c', '1.0', 'b' => '= 1.0'
-    z    = util_spec 'z', '1'
+    a    = util_spec "a", "1.0", "b" => ">= 1.0", "c" => ">= 1.0"
+    b1   = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    b1_0 = util_spec "b", "1.1", "z" => ">= 1.0"
+    c    = util_spec "c", "1.0", "b" => "= 1.0"
+    z    = util_spec "z", "1"
 
     install_specs z, b1, b1_0, c, z
 
@@ -668,12 +639,12 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_conflict
-    install_specs util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    install_specs util_spec 'b', '2.0'
+    install_specs util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    install_specs util_spec "b", "2.0"
 
     gem "b", "= 1.0"
 
-    assert_raises Gem::LoadError do
+    assert_raise Gem::LoadError do
       gem "b", "= 2.0"
     end
   end
@@ -684,7 +655,7 @@ end
     install_specs a
     Gem::Specification.all = [a]
 
-    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_inactive_by_path('foo')
+    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_inactive_by_path("foo")
   end
 
   def test_self_attribute_names
@@ -720,20 +691,20 @@ end
       version
     ]
 
-    actual_value = Gem::Specification.attribute_names.map { |a| a.to_s }.sort
+    actual_value = Gem::Specification.attribute_names.map {|a| a.to_s }.sort
 
     assert_equal expected_value, actual_value
   end
 
   def test_self__load_future
     spec = Gem::Specification.new
-    spec.name = 'a'
-    spec.version = '1'
+    spec.name = "a"
+    spec.version = "1"
     spec.specification_version = @current_version + 1
 
     load_spec = Marshal.load Marshal.dump(spec)
 
-    assert_equal 'a', load_spec.name
+    assert_equal "a", load_spec.name
     assert_equal Gem::Version.new(1), load_spec.version
     assert_equal @current_version, load_spec.specification_version
   end
@@ -747,125 +718,6 @@ end
                  spec.specification_version
   end
 
-  def test_self_from_yaml_syck_date_bug
-    # This is equivalent to (and totally valid) psych 1.0 output and
-    # causes parse errors on syck.
-    yaml = @a1.to_yaml
-    yaml.sub!(/^date:.*/, "date: 2011-04-26 00:00:00.000000000Z")
-
-    spec = with_syck do
-      Gem::Specification.from_yaml yaml
-    end
-
-    assert_kind_of Time, @a1.date
-    assert_kind_of Time, spec.date
-  end
-
-  def test_self_from_yaml_syck_default_key_bug
-    # This is equivalent to (and totally valid) psych 1.0 output and
-    # causes parse errors on syck.
-    yaml = <<-YAML
---- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
-name: posix-spawn
-version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.3.6
-  prerelease:
-dependencies:
-- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake-compiler
-  requirement: &70243867725240 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    none: false
-    requirements:
-    - - =
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 0.7.6
-  type: :development
-  prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70243867725240
-platform: ruby
-files: []
-test_files: []
-bindir:
-    YAML
-
-    spec = with_syck do
-      Gem::Specification.from_yaml yaml
-    end
-
-    op = spec.dependencies.first.requirement.requirements.first.first
-    refute_kind_of YAML::Syck::DefaultKey, op
-
-    refute_match %r%DefaultKey%, spec.to_ruby
-  end
-
-  def test_self_from_yaml_cleans_up_defaultkey
-    yaml = <<-YAML
---- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
-name: posix-spawn
-version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.3.6
-  prerelease:
-dependencies:
-- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake-compiler
-  requirement: &70243867725240 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    none: false
-    requirements:
-    - - !ruby/object:YAML::Syck::DefaultKey {}
-
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 0.7.6
-  type: :development
-  prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70243867725240
-platform: ruby
-files: []
-test_files: []
-bindir:
-    YAML
-
-    spec = Gem::Specification.from_yaml yaml
-
-    op = spec.dependencies.first.requirement.requirements.first.first
-    refute_kind_of YAML::Syck::DefaultKey, op
-
-    refute_match %r%DefaultKey%, spec.to_ruby
-  end
-
-  def test_self_from_yaml_cleans_up_defaultkey_from_newer_192
-    yaml = <<-YAML
---- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
-name: posix-spawn
-version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.3.6
-  prerelease:
-dependencies:
-- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake-compiler
-  requirement: &70243867725240 !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    none: false
-    requirements:
-    - - !ruby/object:Syck::DefaultKey {}
-
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 0.7.6
-  type: :development
-  prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: *70243867725240
-platform: ruby
-files: []
-test_files: []
-bindir:
-    YAML
-
-    spec = Gem::Specification.from_yaml yaml
-
-    op = spec.dependencies.first.requirement.requirements.first.first
-    refute_kind_of YAML::Syck::DefaultKey, op
-
-    refute_match %r%DefaultKey%, spec.to_ruby
-  end
-
   def test_self_from_yaml_cleans_up_Date_objects
     yaml = <<-YAML
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
@@ -931,20 +783,20 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_self_load_relative
-    File.open 'a-2.gemspec', 'w' do |io|
+    File.open "a-2.gemspec", "w" do |io|
       io.write @a2.to_ruby_for_cache
     end
 
-    spec = Gem::Specification.load 'a-2.gemspec'
+    spec = Gem::Specification.load "a-2.gemspec"
 
     @a2.files.clear
 
     assert_equal @a2, spec
 
-    assert_equal File.join(@tempdir, 'a-2.gemspec'), spec.loaded_from
+    assert_equal File.join(@tempdir, "a-2.gemspec"), spec.loaded_from
   end
 
-  if RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby' and RUBY_VERSION < '2.7'
+  if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby" && RUBY_VERSION < "2.7"
     def test_self_load_tainted
       full_path = @a2.spec_file
       write_file full_path do |io|
@@ -973,7 +825,7 @@ dependencies: []
         io.write @a2.to_ruby_for_cache
       end
     rescue Errno::EINVAL
-      skip "cannot create '#{full_path}' on this platform"
+      pend "cannot create '#{full_path}' on this platform"
     end
 
     spec = Gem::Specification.load full_path
@@ -992,7 +844,7 @@ dependencies: []
         io.write @a2.to_ruby_for_cache
       end
     rescue Errno::EINVAL
-      skip "cannot create '#{full_path}' on this platform"
+      pend "cannot create '#{full_path}' on this platform"
     end
 
     spec = Gem::Specification.load full_path
@@ -1011,7 +863,7 @@ dependencies: []
         io.write @a2.to_ruby_for_cache
       end
     rescue Errno::EINVAL
-      skip "cannot create '#{full_path}' on this platform"
+      pend "cannot create '#{full_path}' on this platform"
     end
 
     spec = Gem::Specification.load full_path
@@ -1022,34 +874,31 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_self_load_utf8_with_ascii_encoding
-    int_enc = Encoding.default_internal
-    silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = 'US-ASCII' }
-
-    spec2 = @a2.dup
-    bin = "\u5678".dup
-    spec2.authors = [bin]
-    full_path = spec2.spec_file
-    write_file full_path do |io|
-      io.write spec2.to_ruby_for_cache.force_encoding('BINARY').sub("\\u{5678}", bin.force_encoding('BINARY'))
-    end
+    with_internal_encoding("US-ASCII") do
+      spec2 = @a2.dup
+      bin = "\u5678".dup
+      spec2.authors = [bin]
+      full_path = spec2.spec_file
+      write_file full_path do |io|
+        io.write spec2.to_ruby_for_cache.force_encoding("BINARY").sub("\\u{5678}", bin.force_encoding("BINARY"))
+      end
 
-    spec = Gem::Specification.load full_path
+      spec = Gem::Specification.load full_path
 
-    spec2.files.clear
+      spec2.files.clear
 
-    assert_equal spec2, spec
-  ensure
-    silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = int_enc }
+      assert_equal spec2, spec
+    end
   end
 
   def test_self_load_legacy_ruby
     spec = Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
       eval LEGACY_RUBY_SPEC
     end
-    assert_equal 'keyedlist', spec.name
-    assert_equal '0.4.0', spec.version.to_s
+    assert_equal "keyedlist", spec.name
+    assert_equal "0.4.0", spec.version.to_s
     assert_kind_of Time, spec.date
-    assert spec.required_ruby_version.satisfied_by?(Gem::Version.new('1'))
+    assert spec.required_ruby_version.satisfied_by?(Gem::Version.new("1"))
     assert_equal false, spec.has_unit_tests?
   end
 
@@ -1084,26 +933,26 @@ dependencies: []
 
   def test_self_outdated
     spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
-      fetcher.download 'a', 4
+      fetcher.download "a", 4
 
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 3
+      fetcher.spec "a", 3
     end
 
     assert_equal %w[a], Gem::Specification.outdated
   end
 
   def test_self_outdated_and_latest_remotes
-    specs = spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
-      fetcher.download 'a', 4
-      fetcher.download 'b', 3
+    spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.download "a", 4
+      fetcher.download "b", 3
 
-      fetcher.spec 'a', '3.a'
-      fetcher.spec 'b', 2
+      fetcher.spec "a", "3.a"
+      fetcher.spec "b", 2
     end
 
     expected = [
-      [specs['a-3.a'], v(4)],
-      [specs['b-2'],   v(3)],
+      [Gem::Specification.stubs.find {|s| s.full_name == "a-3.a" }, v(4)],
+      [Gem::Specification.stubs.find {|s| s.full_name == "b-2" }, v(3)],
     ]
 
     assert_equal expected, Gem::Specification.outdated_and_latest_version.to_a
@@ -1112,18 +961,18 @@ dependencies: []
   def test_self_remove_spec
     install_specs @a1
 
-    assert_includes Gem::Specification.all_names, 'a-1'
-    assert_includes Gem::Specification.stubs.map { |s| s.full_name }, 'a-1'
+    assert_includes Gem::Specification.all_names, "a-1"
+    assert_includes Gem::Specification.stubs.map {|s| s.full_name }, "a-1"
 
     uninstall_gem @a1
     Gem::Specification.reset
 
-    refute_includes Gem::Specification.all_names, 'a-1'
-    refute_includes Gem::Specification.stubs.map { |s| s.full_name }, 'a-1'
+    refute_includes Gem::Specification.all_names, "a-1"
+    refute_includes Gem::Specification.stubs.map {|s| s.full_name }, "a-1"
   end
 
   def test_self_remove_spec_removed
-    File.open @a1.spec_file, 'w' do |io|
+    File.open @a1.spec_file, "w" do |io|
       io.write @a1.to_ruby
     end
 
@@ -1133,50 +982,40 @@ dependencies: []
 
     Gem::Specification.reset
 
-    refute_includes Gem::Specification.all_names, 'a-1'
-    refute_includes Gem::Specification.stubs.map { |s| s.full_name }, 'a-1'
+    refute_includes Gem::Specification.all_names, "a-1"
+    refute_includes Gem::Specification.stubs.map {|s| s.full_name }, "a-1"
   end
 
-  def test_self_stubs
+  def test_self_stubs_for_lazy_loading
     Gem.loaded_specs.clear
     Gem::Specification.class_variable_set(:@@stubs, nil)
 
-    dir_standard_specs = File.join Gem.dir, 'specifications'
-    dir_default_specs = Gem.default_specifications_dir
+    dir_standard_specs = File.join Gem.dir, "specifications"
+
+    save_gemspec("a-1", "1", dir_standard_specs) {|s| s.name = "a" }
+    save_gemspec("b-1", "1", dir_standard_specs) {|s| s.name = "b" }
 
-    # Create gemspecs in three locations used in stubs
-    loaded_spec = Gem::Specification.new 'a', '3'
-    Gem.loaded_specs['a'] = loaded_spec
-    save_gemspec 'a', '2', dir_default_specs
-    save_gemspec 'a', '1', dir_standard_specs
+    assert_equal ["a-1"], Gem::Specification.stubs_for("a").map {|s| s.full_name }
+    assert_equal 1, Gem::Specification.class_variable_get(:@@stubs_by_name).length
+    assert_equal ["b-1"], Gem::Specification.stubs_for("b").map {|s| s.full_name }
+    assert_equal 2, Gem::Specification.class_variable_get(:@@stubs_by_name).length
 
-    full_names = ['a-3', 'a-2', 'a-1']
-    assert_equal full_names, Gem::Specification.stubs.map { |s| s.full_name }
+    assert_equal(
+      Gem::Specification.stubs_for("a").map {|s| s.object_id },
+      Gem::Specification.stubs_for("a").map {|s| s.object_id }
+    )
 
-    Gem.loaded_specs.delete 'a'
+    Gem.loaded_specs.delete "a"
+    Gem.loaded_specs.delete "b"
     Gem::Specification.class_variable_set(:@@stubs, nil)
   end
 
-  def test_self_stubs_for
-    Gem.loaded_specs.clear
-    Gem::Specification.class_variable_set(:@@stubs, nil)
-
-    dir_standard_specs = File.join Gem.dir, 'specifications'
-    dir_default_specs = Gem.default_specifications_dir
-
-    # Create gemspecs in three locations used in stubs
-    loaded_spec = Gem::Specification.new 'a', '3'
-    Gem.loaded_specs['a'] = loaded_spec
-    save_gemspec('a-2', '2', dir_default_specs) { |s| s.name = 'a' }
-    save_gemspec('a-1', '1', dir_standard_specs) { |s| s.name = 'a' }
+  def test_self_stubs_for_no_lazy_loading_after_all_specs_setup
+    Gem::Specification.all = [util_spec("a", "1")]
 
-    full_names = ['a-3', 'a-2', 'a-1']
+    save_gemspec("b-1", "1", File.join(Gem.dir, "specifications")) {|s| s.name = "b" }
 
-    assert_equal full_names, Gem::Specification.stubs_for('a').map { |s| s.full_name }
-    assert_equal 1, Gem::Specification.class_variable_get(:@@stubs_by_name).length
-
-    Gem.loaded_specs.delete 'a'
-    Gem::Specification.class_variable_set(:@@stubs, nil)
+    assert_equal [], Gem::Specification.stubs_for("b").map {|s| s.full_name }
   end
 
   def test_self_stubs_for_mult_platforms
@@ -1186,30 +1025,30 @@ dependencies: []
     orig_platform = Gem.platforms.dup
 
     # create user spec
-    user_spec_dir = File.join Gem.user_dir, 'specifications'
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p(user_spec_dir)  unless Dir.exist? user_spec_dir
+    user_spec_dir = File.join Gem.user_dir, "specifications"
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(user_spec_dir) unless Dir.exist? user_spec_dir
     # dirs doesn't include user ?
     Gem::Specification.dirs << user_spec_dir
 
-    gem = 'mingw'
-    v   = '1.1.1'
-    platforms = ['x86-mingw32', 'x64-mingw32']
+    gem = "mingw"
+    v   = "1.1.1"
+    platforms = ["x86-mingw32", "x64-mingw32"]
 
     #create specs
     platforms.each do |plat|
-      spec = Gem::Specification.new(gem, v) { |s| s.platform = plat }
-      File.open File.join(user_spec_dir, "#{gem}-#{v}-#{plat}.gemspec"), 'w' do |io|
+      spec = Gem::Specification.new(gem, v) {|s| s.platform = plat }
+      File.open File.join(user_spec_dir, "#{gem}-#{v}-#{plat}.gemspec"), "w" do |io|
         io.write spec.to_ruby
       end
     end
 
     platforms.each do |plat|
       cur_plat = Gem::Platform.new plat
-      Gem.platforms = ['ruby', cur_plat]
+      Gem.platforms = ["ruby", cur_plat]
 
       Gem::Specification.class_variable_set :@@stubs, nil
       Gem::Specification.stubs if plat == platforms.last # test loading via stubs
-      t = Gem::Specification.stubs_for 'mingw'
+      t = Gem::Specification.stubs_for "mingw"
 
       assert_equal 1, t.length
       assert_equal cur_plat, t.first.platform
@@ -1218,14 +1057,30 @@ dependencies: []
     Gem.platforms = orig_platform
   end
 
-  DATA_PATH = File.expand_path "../data", __FILE__
+  def test_self_stubs_returns_only_specified_named_specs
+    dir_standard_specs = File.join Gem.dir, "specifications"
+
+    save_gemspec("a-1", "1", dir_standard_specs) {|s| s.name = "a" }
+    save_gemspec("a-2", "2", dir_standard_specs) {|s| s.name = "a" }
+    save_gemspec("a-a", "3", dir_standard_specs) {|s| s.name = "a-a" }
+
+    assert_equal ["a-1", "a-2"], Gem::Specification.stubs_for("a").map(&:full_name).sort
+  end
 
   def test_handles_private_null_type
-    path = File.join DATA_PATH, "null-type.gemspec.rz"
+    path = File.expand_path "data/pry-0.4.7.gemspec.rz", __dir__
 
     data = Marshal.load Gem::Util.inflate(Gem.read_binary(path))
 
-    assert_nil data.signing_key
+    assert_instance_of Gem::Specification, data
+  end
+
+  def test_handles_dependencies_with_syck_requirements_bug
+    path = File.expand_path "data/excon-0.7.7.gemspec.rz", __dir__
+
+    data = Marshal.load Gem::Util.inflate(Gem.read_binary(path))
+
+    assert_instance_of Gem::Specification, data
   end
 
   def test_initialize
@@ -1247,9 +1102,9 @@ dependencies: []
     assert_equal [], spec.extensions
     assert_equal [], spec.requirements
     assert_equal [], spec.dependencies
-    assert_equal 'bin', spec.bindir
-    assert_equal '>= 0', spec.required_ruby_version.to_s
-    assert_equal '>= 0', spec.required_rubygems_version.to_s
+    assert_equal "bin", spec.bindir
+    assert_equal ">= 0", spec.required_ruby_version.to_s
+    assert_equal ">= 0", spec.required_rubygems_version.to_s
   end
 
   def test_initialize_future
@@ -1271,18 +1126,18 @@ dependencies: []
     spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
       s.name = "blah"
       s.version = "1.3.5"
-      s.summary = 'summary'
-      s.description = 'description'
-      s.authors = 'author a', 'author b'
-      s.licenses = 'BSD-2-Clause'
-      s.files = 'lib/file.rb'
-      s.test_files = 'test/file.rb'
-      s.rdoc_options = '--foo'
-      s.extra_rdoc_files = 'README.txt'
-      s.executables = 'exec'
-      s.extensions = 'ext/extconf.rb'
-      s.requirements = 'requirement'
-      s.add_dependency 'some_gem'
+      s.summary = "summary"
+      s.description = "description"
+      s.authors = "author a", "author b"
+      s.licenses = "BSD-2-Clause"
+      s.files = "lib/file.rb"
+      s.test_files = "test/file.rb"
+      s.rdoc_options = "--foo"
+      s.extra_rdoc_files = "README.txt"
+      s.executables = "exec"
+      s.extensions = "ext/extconf.rb"
+      s.requirements = "requirement"
+      s.add_dependency "some_gem"
     end
 
     dup_spec = spec.dup
@@ -1296,84 +1151,93 @@ dependencies: []
     assert_equal Gem::Platform::RUBY, spec.platform
     assert_same spec.platform, dup_spec.platform
 
-    assert_equal 'summary', spec.summary
+    assert_equal "summary", spec.summary
     assert_same spec.summary, dup_spec.summary
 
     assert_equal %w[README.txt bin/exec ext/extconf.rb lib/file.rb
                     test/file.rb].sort,
                  spec.files
-    refute_same spec.files, dup_spec.files, 'files'
+    refute_same spec.files, dup_spec.files, "files"
 
     assert_equal %w[test/file.rb], spec.test_files
-    refute_same spec.test_files, dup_spec.test_files, 'test_files'
+    refute_same spec.test_files, dup_spec.test_files, "test_files"
 
     assert_equal %w[--foo], spec.rdoc_options
-    refute_same spec.rdoc_options, dup_spec.rdoc_options, 'rdoc_options'
+    refute_same spec.rdoc_options, dup_spec.rdoc_options, "rdoc_options"
 
     assert_equal %w[README.txt], spec.extra_rdoc_files
     refute_same spec.extra_rdoc_files, dup_spec.extra_rdoc_files,
-                'extra_rdoc_files'
+                "extra_rdoc_files"
 
     assert_equal %w[exec], spec.executables
-    refute_same spec.executables, dup_spec.executables, 'executables'
+    refute_same spec.executables, dup_spec.executables, "executables"
 
     assert_equal %w[ext/extconf.rb], spec.extensions
-    refute_same spec.extensions, dup_spec.extensions, 'extensions'
+    refute_same spec.extensions, dup_spec.extensions, "extensions"
 
     assert_equal %w[requirement], spec.requirements
-    refute_same spec.requirements, dup_spec.requirements, 'requirements'
+    refute_same spec.requirements, dup_spec.requirements, "requirements"
 
-    assert_equal [Gem::Dependency.new('some_gem', Gem::Requirement.default)],
+    assert_equal [Gem::Dependency.new("some_gem", Gem::Requirement.default)],
                  spec.dependencies
-    refute_same spec.dependencies, dup_spec.dependencies, 'dependencies'
+    refute_same spec.dependencies, dup_spec.dependencies, "dependencies"
 
-    assert_equal 'bin', spec.bindir
+    assert_equal "bin", spec.bindir
     assert_same spec.bindir, dup_spec.bindir
 
-    assert_equal '>= 0', spec.required_ruby_version.to_s
+    assert_equal ">= 0", spec.required_ruby_version.to_s
     assert_same spec.required_ruby_version, dup_spec.required_ruby_version
 
-    assert_equal '>= 0', spec.required_rubygems_version.to_s
+    assert_equal ">= 0", spec.required_rubygems_version.to_s
     assert_same spec.required_rubygems_version,
                 dup_spec.required_rubygems_version
   end
 
   def test_initialize_copy_broken
     spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
-      s.name = 'a'
-      s.version = '1'
+      s.name = "a"
+      s.version = "1"
     end
 
     spec.instance_variable_set :@licenses, (class << (Object.new);self;end)
-    spec.loaded_from = '/path/to/file'
+    spec.loaded_from = "/path/to/file"
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::FormatException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::FormatException do
       spec.dup
     end
 
-    assert_equal 'a-1 has an invalid value for @licenses', e.message
-    assert_equal '/path/to/file', e.file_path
+    assert_equal "a-1 has an invalid value for @licenses", e.message
+    assert_equal "/path/to/file", e.file_path
   end
 
   def test_initialize_prerelease_version_before_name
     spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
-      s.version = '1.0.0.dev'
-      s.name = 'a'
+      s.version = "1.0.0.dev"
+      s.name = "a"
     end
 
     assert_equal "a", spec.name
     assert_equal "1.0.0.dev", spec.version.to_s
   end
 
+  def test_initialize_nil_version
+    expected = "nil versions are discouraged and will be deprecated in Rubygems 4\n"
+    actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
+      Gem::Specification.new.version = nil
+    end
+    assert_empty actual_stdout
+    assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
+  end
+
   def test__dump
     @a2.platform = Gem::Platform.local
-    @a2.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, 'old_platform'
+    @a2.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, "old_platform"
 
     data = Marshal.dump @a2
 
     same_spec = Marshal.load data
 
-    assert_equal 'old_platform', same_spec.original_platform
+    assert_equal "old_platform", same_spec.original_platform
   end
 
   def test_activate
@@ -1388,12 +1252,12 @@ dependencies: []
       awesome.add_dependency :gem_name
     end
 
-    assert_equal %w[true gem_name], gem.dependencies.map { |dep| dep.name }
+    assert_equal %w[true gem_name], gem.dependencies.map {|dep| dep.name }
   end
 
   def test_add_dependency_from_existing_dependency
-    dep  = Gem::Dependency.new("existing_dep", Gem::Requirement.new('> 1'), :runtime)
-    spec = Gem::Specification.new { |s| s.add_dependency dep }
+    dep  = Gem::Dependency.new("existing_dep", Gem::Requirement.new("> 1"), :runtime)
+    spec = Gem::Specification.new {|s| s.add_dependency dep }
     assert_equal dep, spec.dependencies.first
   end
 
@@ -1402,27 +1266,27 @@ dependencies: []
       awesome.add_development_dependency "monkey"
     end
 
-    monkey = gem.dependencies.detect { |d| d.name == "monkey" }
+    monkey = gem.dependencies.detect {|d| d.name == "monkey" }
     assert_equal(:development, monkey.type)
   end
 
   def test_author
-    assert_equal 'A User', @a1.author
+    assert_equal "A User", @a1.author
   end
 
   def test_authors
-    assert_equal ['A User'], @a1.authors
+    assert_equal ["A User"], @a1.authors
   end
 
   def test_bindir_equals
-    @a1.bindir = 'apps'
+    @a1.bindir = "apps"
 
-    assert_equal 'apps', @a1.bindir
+    assert_equal "apps", @a1.bindir
   end
 
   def test_bindir_equals_nil
     @a2.bindir = nil
-    @a2.executable = 'app'
+    @a2.executable = "app"
 
     assert_nil                             @a2.bindir
     assert_equal %w[app lib/code.rb].sort, @a2.files
@@ -1453,35 +1317,35 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_build_args
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
     assert_empty @ext.build_args
 
-    File.open @ext.build_info_file, 'w' do |io|
+    File.open @ext.build_info_file, "w" do |io|
       io.puts
     end
 
     assert_empty @ext.build_args
 
-    File.open @ext.build_info_file, 'w' do |io|
-      io.puts '--with-foo-dir=wherever'
+    File.open @ext.build_info_file, "w" do |io|
+      io.puts "--with-foo-dir=wherever"
     end
 
     assert_equal %w[--with-foo-dir=wherever], @ext.build_args
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
-    refute_path_exists @ext.extension_dir, 'sanity check'
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    assert_path_not_exist @ext.extension_dir, "sanity check"
+    refute_empty @ext.extensions, "sanity check"
 
     extconf_rb = File.join @ext.gem_dir, @ext.extensions.first
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname extconf_rb
 
-    File.open extconf_rb, 'w' do |f|
+    File.open extconf_rb, "w" do |f|
       f.write <<-'RUBY'
         File.open 'Makefile', 'w' do |f|
           f.puts "clean:\n\techo clean"
@@ -1493,46 +1357,46 @@ dependencies: []
 
     @ext.build_extensions
 
-    assert_path_exists @ext.extension_dir
+    assert_path_exist @ext.extension_dir
   end
 
   def test_default_spec_stub_is_marked_default
-    default = new_default_spec 'default', 2
+    default = new_default_spec "default", 2
     install_default_gems default
 
-    stub = Gem::Specification.stubs.find { |s| s.name == 'default' }
+    stub = Gem::Specification.stubs.find {|s| s.name == "default" }
     assert_predicate stub, :default_gem?
 
-    stub = Gem::Specification.find_all_by_name('default').first
+    stub = Gem::Specification.find_all_by_name("default").first
     assert_predicate stub, :default_gem?
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_built
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    refute_empty @ext.extensions, "sanity check"
 
     gem_build_complete =
-      File.join @ext.extension_dir, 'gem.build_complete'
+      File.join @ext.extension_dir, "gem.build_complete"
 
     FileUtils.mkdir_p @ext.extension_dir
     FileUtils.touch gem_build_complete
 
     @ext.build_extensions
 
-    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, 'gem_make.out'
-    refute_path_exists gem_make_out
+    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, "gem_make.out"
+    assert_path_not_exist gem_make_out
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_default_gem
-    spec = new_default_spec 'default', 1
-    spec.extensions << 'extconf.rb'
+    spec = new_default_spec "default", 1
+    spec.extensions << "extconf.rb"
 
     extconf_rb = File.join spec.gem_dir, spec.extensions.first
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname extconf_rb
 
-    File.open extconf_rb, 'w' do |f|
+    File.open extconf_rb, "w" do |f|
       f.write <<-'RUBY'
         File.open 'Makefile', 'w' do |f|
           f.puts "default:\n\techo built"
@@ -1543,33 +1407,33 @@ dependencies: []
 
     spec.build_extensions
 
-    refute_path_exists spec.extension_dir
+    assert_path_not_exist spec.extension_dir
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_error
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    refute_empty @ext.extensions, "sanity check"
 
-    assert_raises Gem::Ext::BuildError do
+    assert_raise Gem::Ext::BuildError do
       @ext.build_extensions
     end
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_extensions_dir_unwritable
-    skip 'chmod not supported' if Gem.win_platform?
-    skip 'skipped in root privilege' if Process.uid.zero?
+    pend "chmod not supported" if Gem.win_platform?
+    pend "skipped in root privilege" if Process.uid.zero?
 
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    refute_empty @ext.extensions, "sanity check"
 
     extconf_rb = File.join @ext.gem_dir, @ext.extensions.first
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname extconf_rb
 
-    File.open extconf_rb, 'w' do |f|
+    File.open extconf_rb, "w" do |f|
       f.write <<-'RUBY'
         File.open 'Makefile', 'w' do |f|
           f.puts "clean:\n\techo clean"
@@ -1579,30 +1443,30 @@ dependencies: []
       RUBY
     end
 
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join @ext.base_dir, 'extensions'
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join @ext.base_dir, "extensions"
     FileUtils.chmod 0555, @ext.base_dir
-    FileUtils.chmod 0555, File.join(@ext.base_dir, 'extensions')
+    FileUtils.chmod 0555, File.join(@ext.base_dir, "extensions")
 
     @ext.build_extensions
-    refute_path_exists @ext.extension_dir
+    assert_path_not_exist @ext.extension_dir
   ensure
-    unless ($DEBUG or win_platform? or Process.uid.zero? or Gem.java_platform?)
-      FileUtils.chmod 0755, File.join(@ext.base_dir, 'extensions')
+    unless ($DEBUG || win_platform? || Process.uid.zero? || Gem.java_platform?)
+      FileUtils.chmod 0755, File.join(@ext.base_dir, "extensions")
       FileUtils.chmod 0755, @ext.base_dir
     end
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_no_extensions_dir_unwritable
-    skip 'chmod not supported' if Gem.win_platform?
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "chmod not supported" if Gem.win_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    refute_empty @ext.extensions, "sanity check"
 
     extconf_rb = File.join @ext.gem_dir, @ext.extensions.first
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname extconf_rb
 
-    File.open extconf_rb, 'w' do |f|
+    File.open extconf_rb, "w" do |f|
       f.write <<-'RUBY'
         File.open 'Makefile', 'w' do |f|
           f.puts "clean:\n\techo clean"
@@ -1612,48 +1476,34 @@ dependencies: []
       RUBY
     end
 
-    FileUtils.rm_r File.join @gemhome, 'extensions'
+    FileUtils.rm_r File.join @gemhome, "extensions"
     FileUtils.chmod 0555, @gemhome
 
     @ext.build_extensions
 
-    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, 'gem_make.out'
-    refute_path_exists gem_make_out
+    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, "gem_make.out"
+    assert_path_not_exist gem_make_out
   ensure
     FileUtils.chmod 0755, @gemhome
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_none
-    refute_path_exists @a1.extension_dir, 'sanity check'
-    assert_empty @a1.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    assert_path_not_exist @a1.extension_dir, "sanity check"
+    assert_empty @a1.extensions, "sanity check"
 
     @a1.build_extensions
 
-    refute_path_exists @a1.extension_dir
-  end
-
-  def test_build_extensions_old
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
-    ext_spec
-
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
-
-    @ext.installed_by_version = v(0)
-
-    @ext.build_extensions
-
-    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, 'gem_make.out'
-    refute_path_exists gem_make_out
+    assert_path_not_exist @a1.extension_dir
   end
 
   def test_build_extensions_preview
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
     extconf_rb = File.join @ext.gem_dir, @ext.extensions.first
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname extconf_rb
 
-    File.open extconf_rb, 'w' do |f|
+    File.open extconf_rb, "w" do |f|
       f.write <<-'RUBY'
         File.open 'Makefile', 'w' do |f|
           f.puts "clean:\n\techo clean"
@@ -1663,30 +1513,30 @@ dependencies: []
       RUBY
     end
 
-    refute_empty @ext.extensions, 'sanity check'
+    refute_empty @ext.extensions, "sanity check"
 
-    @ext.installed_by_version = v('2.2.0.preview.2')
+    @ext.installed_by_version = v("2.2.0.preview.2")
 
     @ext.build_extensions
 
-    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, 'gem_make.out'
-    assert_path_exists gem_make_out
+    gem_make_out = File.join @ext.extension_dir, "gem_make.out"
+    assert_path_exist gem_make_out
   end
 
   def test_contains_requirable_file_eh
-    code_rb = File.join @a1.gem_dir, 'lib', 'code.rb'
+    code_rb = File.join @a1.gem_dir, "lib", "code.rb"
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname code_rb
     FileUtils.touch code_rb
 
-    assert @a1.contains_requirable_file? 'code'
+    assert @a1.contains_requirable_file? "code"
   end
 
   def test_contains_requirable_file_eh_extension
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
-    _, err = capture_io do
-      refute @ext.contains_requirable_file? 'nonexistent'
+    _, err = capture_output do
+      refute @ext.contains_requirable_file? "nonexistent"
     end
 
     expected = "Ignoring ext-1 because its extensions are not built. " +
@@ -1698,8 +1548,8 @@ dependencies: []
   def test_contains_requirable_file_eh_extension_java_platform
     ext_spec(platform: Gem::Platform.new("java"))
 
-    _, err = capture_io do
-      refute @ext.contains_requirable_file? 'nonexistent'
+    _, err = capture_output do
+      refute @ext.contains_requirable_file? "nonexistent"
     end
 
     assert_empty err
@@ -1715,13 +1565,13 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_date_equals_string
-    @a1.date = '2003-09-17'
+    @a1.date = "2003-09-17"
     assert_equal Time.utc(2003, 9, 17, 0,0,0), @a1.date
   end
 
   def test_date_equals_string_bad
-    assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
-      @a1.date = '9/11/2003'
+    assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      @a1.date = "9/11/2003"
     end
   end
 
@@ -1768,7 +1618,7 @@ dependencies: []
 
     assert_empty @gem.dependent_gems
 
-    bonobo = util_spec 'bonobo', 1
+    bonobo = util_spec "bonobo", 1
     install_gem bonobo
     install_gem @gem
 
@@ -1780,11 +1630,11 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_doc_dir
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'doc', 'a-1'), @a1.doc_dir
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "doc", "a-1"), @a1.doc_dir
   end
 
   def test_doc_dir_type
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'doc', 'a-1', 'ri'), @a1.doc_dir('ri')
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "doc", "a-1", "ri"), @a1.doc_dir("ri")
   end
 
   def test_runtime_dependencies
@@ -1798,12 +1648,12 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_description
-    assert_equal 'This is a test description', @a1.description
+    assert_equal "This is a test description", @a1.description
   end
 
   def test_eql_eh
-    g1 = util_spec 'gem', 1
-    g2 = util_spec 'gem', 1
+    g1 = util_spec "gem", 1
+    g2 = util_spec "gem", 1
 
     assert_equal g1, g2
     assert_equal g1.hash, g2.hash
@@ -1812,85 +1662,81 @@ dependencies: []
 
   def test_eql_eh_extensions
     spec = @a1.dup
-    spec.extensions = 'xx'
+    spec.extensions = "xx"
 
     refute_operator @a1, :eql?, spec
     refute_operator spec, :eql?, @a1
   end
 
   def test_executables
-    @a1.executable = 'app'
+    @a1.executable = "app"
     assert_equal %w[app], @a1.executables
   end
 
   def test_executable_equals
-    @a2.executable = 'app'
-    assert_equal 'app', @a2.executable
+    @a2.executable = "app"
+    assert_equal "app", @a2.executable
     assert_equal %w[bin/app lib/code.rb].sort, @a2.files
   end
 
   def test_extensions
-    assert_equal ['ext/extconf.rb'], ext_spec.extensions
+    assert_equal ["ext/extconf.rb"], ext_spec.extensions
   end
 
   def test_extension_dir
-    enable_shared, RbConfig::CONFIG['ENABLE_SHARED'] =
-      RbConfig::CONFIG['ENABLE_SHARED'], 'no'
+    enable_shared, RbConfig::CONFIG["ENABLE_SHARED"] =
+      RbConfig::CONFIG["ENABLE_SHARED"], "no"
 
     ext_spec
 
     refute_empty @ext.extensions
 
     expected =
-      File.join(@ext.base_dir, 'extensions', Gem::Platform.local.to_s,
+      File.join(@ext.base_dir, "extensions", Gem::Platform.local.to_s,
                 "#{Gem.ruby_api_version}-static", @ext.full_name)
 
     assert_equal expected, @ext.extension_dir
   ensure
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['ENABLE_SHARED'] = enable_shared
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["ENABLE_SHARED"] = enable_shared
   end
 
   def test_extension_dir_override
-    enable_shared, RbConfig::CONFIG['ENABLE_SHARED'] =
-      RbConfig::CONFIG['ENABLE_SHARED'], 'no'
+    enable_shared, RbConfig::CONFIG["ENABLE_SHARED"] =
+      RbConfig::CONFIG["ENABLE_SHARED"], "no"
 
     class << Gem
-
       alias orig_default_ext_dir_for default_ext_dir_for
 
       remove_method :default_ext_dir_for
 
       def Gem.default_ext_dir_for(base_dir)
-        'elsewhere'
+        "elsewhere"
       end
-
     end
 
     ext_spec
 
     refute_empty @ext.extensions
 
-    expected = File.join @tempdir, 'elsewhere', @ext.full_name
+    expected = File.join @tempdir, "elsewhere", @ext.full_name
 
     assert_equal expected, @ext.extension_dir
   ensure
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['ENABLE_SHARED'] = enable_shared
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["ENABLE_SHARED"] = enable_shared
 
     class << Gem
-
       remove_method :default_ext_dir_for
 
       alias default_ext_dir_for orig_default_ext_dir_for
-
     end
   end
 
   def test_files
-    @a1.files = %w(files bin/common)
-    @a1.test_files = %w(test_files bin/common)
-    @a1.executables = %w(executables common)
-    @a1.extra_rdoc_files = %w(extra_rdoc_files bin/common)
-    @a1.extensions = %w(extensions bin/common)
+    @a1.files = %w[files bin/common]
+    @a1.test_files = %w[test_files bin/common]
+    @a1.executables = %w[executables common]
+    @a1.extra_rdoc_files = %w[extra_rdoc_files bin/common]
+    @a1.extensions = %w[extensions bin/common]
 
     expected = %w[
       bin/common
@@ -1904,11 +1750,11 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_files_append
-    @a1.files            = %w(files bin/common)
-    @a1.test_files       = %w(test_files bin/common)
-    @a1.executables      = %w(executables common)
-    @a1.extra_rdoc_files = %w(extra_rdoc_files bin/common)
-    @a1.extensions       = %w(extensions bin/common)
+    @a1.files            = %w[files bin/common]
+    @a1.test_files       = %w[test_files bin/common]
+    @a1.executables      = %w[executables common]
+    @a1.extra_rdoc_files = %w[extra_rdoc_files bin/common]
+    @a1.extensions       = %w[extensions bin/common]
 
     expected = %w[
       bin/common
@@ -1966,9 +1812,9 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_for_cache
-    @a2.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '1'
+    @a2.add_runtime_dependency "b", "1"
     @a2.dependencies.first.instance_variable_set :@type, nil
-    @a2.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new '> 0'
+    @a2.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new "> 0"
     @a2.test_files = %w[test/test_b.rb]
 
     refute_empty @a2.files
@@ -1984,11 +1830,11 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_full_gem_path
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'gems', @a1.full_name), @a1.full_gem_path
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "gems", @a1.full_name), @a1.full_gem_path
 
-    @a1.original_platform = 'mswin32'
+    @a1.original_platform = "mswin32"
 
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'gems', @a1.original_name),
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "gems", @a1.original_name),
                  @a1.full_gem_path
   end
 
@@ -2001,40 +1847,40 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_full_name
-    assert_equal 'a-1', @a1.full_name
+    assert_equal "a-1", @a1.full_name
 
     @a1 = Gem::Specification.new "a", 1
-    @a1.platform = Gem::Platform.new ['universal', 'darwin', nil]
-    assert_equal 'a-1-universal-darwin', @a1.full_name
+    @a1.platform = Gem::Platform.new ["universal", "darwin", nil]
+    assert_equal "a-1-universal-darwin", @a1.full_name
 
     @a1 = Gem::Specification.new "a", 1
-    @a1.instance_variable_set :@new_platform, 'mswin32'
-    assert_equal 'a-1-mswin32', @a1.full_name, 'legacy'
+    @a1.instance_variable_set :@new_platform, "mswin32"
+    assert_equal "a-1-mswin32", @a1.full_name, "legacy"
 
     return if win_platform?
 
     @a1 = Gem::Specification.new "a", 1
-    @a1.platform = 'current'
-    assert_equal 'a-1-x86-darwin-8', @a1.full_name
+    @a1.platform = "current"
+    assert_equal "a-1-x86-darwin-8", @a1.full_name
   end
 
   def test_full_name_windows
     test_cases = {
-      'i386-mswin32'      => 'a-1-x86-mswin32-60',
-      'i386-mswin32_80'   => 'a-1-x86-mswin32-80',
-      'i386-mingw32'      => 'a-1-x86-mingw32'
+      "i386-mswin32" => "a-1-x86-mswin32-60",
+      "i386-mswin32_80" => "a-1-x86-mswin32-80",
+      "i386-mingw32" => "a-1-x86-mingw32",
     }
 
     test_cases.each do |arch, expected|
       @a1 = Gem::Specification.new "a", 1
       util_set_arch arch
-      @a1.platform = 'current'
+      @a1.platform = "current"
       assert_equal expected, @a1.full_name
     end
   end
 
   def test_gem_build_complete_path
-    expected = File.join @a1.extension_dir, 'gem.build_complete'
+    expected = File.join @a1.extension_dir, "gem.build_complete"
     assert_equal expected, @a1.gem_build_complete_path
   end
 
@@ -2078,23 +1924,23 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_license
-    assert_equal 'MIT', @a1.license
+    assert_equal "MIT", @a1.license
   end
 
   def test_licenses
-    assert_equal ['MIT'], @a1.licenses
+    assert_equal ["MIT"], @a1.licenses
   end
 
   def test_name
-    assert_equal 'a', @a1.name
+    assert_equal "a", @a1.name
   end
 
   def test_original_name
-    assert_equal 'a-1', @a1.full_name
+    assert_equal "a-1", @a1.full_name
 
-    @a1.platform = 'i386-linux'
-    @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, 'i386-linux'
-    assert_equal 'a-1-i386-linux', @a1.original_name
+    @a1.platform = "i386-linux"
+    @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, "i386-linux"
+    assert_equal "a-1-i386-linux", @a1.original_name
   end
 
   def test_platform
@@ -2123,10 +1969,10 @@ dependencies: []
     assert_equal Gem::Platform::RUBY, @a1.platform
 
     test_cases = {
-      'i386-mswin32'    => ['x86', 'mswin32', '60'],
-      'i386-mswin32_80' => ['x86', 'mswin32', '80'],
-      'i386-mingw32'    => ['x86', 'mingw32', nil ],
-      'x86-darwin8'     => ['x86', 'darwin',  '8' ],
+      "i386-mswin32" => ["x86", "mswin32", "60"],
+      "i386-mswin32_80" => ["x86", "mswin32", "80"],
+      "i386-mingw32" => ["x86", "mingw32", nil ],
+      "x86-darwin8" => ["x86", "darwin", "8" ],
     }
 
     test_cases.each do |arch, expected|
@@ -2143,59 +1989,55 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_platform_equals_legacy
-    @a1.platform = 'mswin32'
-    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new('x86-mswin32'), @a1.platform
+    @a1.platform = "mswin32"
+    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new("x86-mswin32"), @a1.platform
 
-    @a1.platform = 'i586-linux'
-    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new('x86-linux'), @a1.platform
+    @a1.platform = "i586-linux"
+    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new("x86-linux"), @a1.platform
 
-    @a1.platform = 'powerpc-darwin'
-    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new('ppc-darwin'), @a1.platform
+    @a1.platform = "powerpc-darwin"
+    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new("ppc-darwin"), @a1.platform
   end
 
   def test_prerelease_spec_adds_required_rubygems_version
-    @prerelease = util_spec('tardis', '2.2.0.a')
-    refute @prerelease.required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem::Version.new('1.3.1'))
-    assert @prerelease.required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem::Version.new('1.4.0'))
+    @prerelease = util_spec("tardis", "2.2.0.a")
+    refute @prerelease.required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem::Version.new("1.3.1"))
+    assert @prerelease.required_rubygems_version.satisfied_by?(Gem::Version.new("1.4.0"))
   end
 
   def test_require_paths
-    enable_shared 'no' do
+    enable_shared "no" do
       ext_spec
 
-      @ext.require_paths = 'lib'
+      @ext.require_paths = "lib"
 
-      assert_equal [@ext.extension_dir, 'lib'], @ext.require_paths
+      assert_equal [@ext.extension_dir, "lib"], @ext.require_paths
     end
   end
 
   def test_require_paths_default_ext_dir_for
     class << Gem
-
       send :alias_method, :orig_default_ext_dir_for, :default_ext_dir_for
 
       remove_method :default_ext_dir_for
-
     end
 
     def Gem.default_ext_dir_for(base_dir)
-      '/foo'
+      "/foo"
     end
 
-    enable_shared 'no' do
+    enable_shared "no" do
       ext_spec
 
-      @ext.require_paths = 'lib'
+      @ext.require_paths = "lib"
 
-      assert_equal [File.expand_path('/foo/ext-1'), 'lib'], @ext.require_paths
+      assert_equal [File.expand_path("/foo/ext-1"), "lib"], @ext.require_paths
     end
   ensure
     class << Gem
-
       send :remove_method, :default_ext_dir_for
       send :alias_method,  :default_ext_dir_for, :orig_default_ext_dir_for
       send :remove_method, :orig_default_ext_dir_for
-
     end
   end
 
@@ -2207,7 +2049,7 @@ dependencies: []
     ext_spec
 
     @ext.require_paths = %w[lib ext foo]
-    @ext.extensions << 'bar/baz'
+    @ext.extensions << "bar/baz"
 
     expected = %w[
       lib
@@ -2222,10 +2064,10 @@ dependencies: []
   def test_full_require_paths
     ext_spec
 
-    @ext.require_paths = 'lib'
+    @ext.require_paths = "lib"
 
     expected = [
-      File.join(@gemhome, 'gems', @ext.original_name, 'lib'),
+      File.join(@gemhome, "gems", @ext.original_name, "lib"),
       @ext.extension_dir,
     ]
 
@@ -2235,10 +2077,10 @@ dependencies: []
   def test_to_fullpath
     ext_spec
 
-    @ext.require_paths = 'lib'
+    @ext.require_paths = "lib"
 
-    dir = File.join(@gemhome, 'gems', @ext.original_name, 'lib')
-    expected_rb = File.join(dir, 'code.rb')
+    dir = File.join(@gemhome, "gems", @ext.original_name, "lib")
+    expected_rb = File.join(dir, "code.rb")
     FileUtils.mkdir_p dir
     FileUtils.touch expected_rb
 
@@ -2272,10 +2114,10 @@ dependencies: []
   def test_fullpath_return_rb_extension_file_when_exist_the_same_name_file
     ext_spec
 
-    @ext.require_paths = 'lib'
+    @ext.require_paths = "lib"
 
-    dir = File.join(@gemhome, 'gems', @ext.original_name, 'lib')
-    expected_rb = File.join(dir, 'code.rb')
+    dir = File.join(@gemhome, "gems", @ext.original_name, "lib")
+    expected_rb = File.join(dir, "code.rb")
     FileUtils.mkdir_p dir
     FileUtils.touch expected_rb
 
@@ -2291,52 +2133,48 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_require_already_activated
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
 
-      install_specs a1 # , a2, b1, b2, c1, c2
+    install_specs a1 # , a2, b1, b2, c1, c2
 
-      a1.activate
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
+    a1.activate
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
 
-      assert require "d#{$$}"
+    assert require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_require_already_activated_indirect_conflict
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      a2 = util_spec "a", "2", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      c2 = util_spec("c", "2", { "a" => "1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb") # conflicts with a-2
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    a2 = util_spec "a", "2", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    c2 = util_spec("c", "2", { "a" => "1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb") # conflicts with a-2
 
-      install_specs c1, b1, a1, a2, c2, b2
+    install_specs c1, b1, a1, a2, c2, b2
 
-      a1.activate
-      c1.activate
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    a1.activate
+    c1.activate
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 c-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      assert require "d#{$$}"
+    assert require "d#{$$}"
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 c-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_requirements
-    assert_equal ['A working computer'], @a1.requirements
+    assert_equal ["A working computer"], @a1.requirements
   end
 
   def test_allowed_push_host
-    assert_nil                                   @a1.metadata['allowed_push_host']
-    assert_equal 'https://privategemserver.com', @a3.metadata['allowed_push_host']
+    assert_nil                                   @a1.metadata["allowed_push_host"]
+    assert_equal "https://privategemserver.com", @a3.metadata["allowed_push_host"]
   end
 
   def test_runtime_dependencies_legacy
@@ -2348,12 +2186,12 @@ dependencies: []
 
     expected = %w[rake jabber4r pqa]
 
-    assert_equal expected, @c1.runtime_dependencies.map { |d| d.name }
+    assert_equal expected, @c1.runtime_dependencies.map {|d| d.name }
   end
 
   def test_spaceship_name
-    s1 = util_spec 'a', '1'
-    s2 = util_spec 'b', '1'
+    s1 = util_spec "a", "1"
+    s2 = util_spec "b", "1"
 
     assert_equal(-1, (s1 <=> s2))
     assert_equal(0, (s1 <=> s1))
@@ -2361,9 +2199,9 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_spaceship_platform
-    s1 = util_spec 'a', '1'
-    s2 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.platform = Gem::Platform.new 'x86-my_platform1'
+    s1 = util_spec "a", "1"
+    s2 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.platform = Gem::Platform.new "x86-my_platform1"
     end
 
     assert_equal(-1, (s1 <=> s2))
@@ -2372,8 +2210,8 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_spaceship_version
-    s1 = util_spec 'a', '1'
-    s2 = util_spec 'a', '2'
+    s1 = util_spec "a", "1"
+    s2 = util_spec "a", "2"
 
     assert_equal(-1, (s1 <=> s2))
     assert_equal(0, (s1 <=> s1))
@@ -2381,25 +2219,25 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_spec_file
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'specifications', 'a-1.gemspec'),
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "specifications", "a-1.gemspec"),
                  @a1.spec_file
   end
 
   def test_spec_name
-    assert_equal 'a-1.gemspec', @a1.spec_name
+    assert_equal "a-1.gemspec", @a1.spec_name
   end
 
   def test_summary
-    assert_equal 'this is a summary', @a1.summary
+    assert_equal "this is a summary", @a1.summary
   end
 
   def test_test_files
-    @a1.test_file = 'test/suite.rb'
-    assert_equal ['test/suite.rb'], @a1.test_files
+    @a1.test_file = "test/suite.rb"
+    assert_equal ["test/suite.rb"], @a1.test_files
   end
 
   def test_runtime_predicate_true
-    @a2.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '1'
+    @a2.add_runtime_dependency "b", "1"
     assert_predicate @a2.dependencies.first, :runtime?
 
     @a2.dependencies.first.instance_variable_set :@type, nil
@@ -2407,15 +2245,15 @@ dependencies: []
   end
 
   def test_runtime_predicate_false
-    @a2.add_development_dependency 'b', '1'
+    @a2.add_development_dependency "b", "1"
     refute_predicate @a2.dependencies.first, :runtime?
   end
 
   def test_to_ruby
-    @a2.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '1'
+    @a2.add_runtime_dependency "b", "1"
     @a2.dependencies.first.instance_variable_set :@type, nil
-    @a2.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new '> 0'
-    @a2.require_paths << 'other'
+    @a2.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new "> 0"
+    @a2.require_paths << "other"
 
     ruby_code = @a2.to_ruby
 
@@ -2438,15 +2276,9 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.rubygems_version = "#{Gem::VERSION}".freeze
   s.summary = "this is a summary".freeze
 
-  if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
-    s.specification_version = #{Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION}
-  end
+  s.specification_version = #{Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION}
 
-  if s.respond_to? :add_runtime_dependency then
-    s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<b>.freeze, [\"= 1\"])
-  else
-    s.add_dependency(%q<b>.freeze, [\"= 1\"])
-  end
+  s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<b>.freeze, [\"= 1\"])
 end
     SPEC
 
@@ -2458,6 +2290,9 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_to_ruby_with_rsa_key
+    require "rubygems/openssl"
+    pend "openssl is missing" unless defined?(OpenSSL::PKey::RSA)
+
     rsa_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(2048)
     @a2.signing_key = rsa_key
     ruby_code = @a2.to_ruby
@@ -2487,9 +2322,9 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_to_ruby_for_cache
-    @a2.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '1'
+    @a2.add_runtime_dependency "b", "1"
     @a2.dependencies.first.instance_variable_set :@type, nil
-    @a2.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new '> 0'
+    @a2.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new "> 0"
     @a2.installed_by_version = Gem.rubygems_version
 
     # cached specs do not have spec.files populated:
@@ -2515,15 +2350,9 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
 
   s.installed_by_version = "#{Gem::VERSION}" if s.respond_to? :installed_by_version
 
-  if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
-    s.specification_version = #{Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION}
-  end
+  s.specification_version = #{Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION}
 
-  if s.respond_to? :add_runtime_dependency then
-    s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<b>.freeze, [\"= 1\"])
-  else
-    s.add_dependency(%q<b>.freeze, [\"= 1\"])
-  end
+  s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<b>.freeze, [\"= 1\"])
 end
     SPEC
 
@@ -2574,19 +2403,11 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.summary = "this is a summary".freeze
   s.test_files = ["test/suite.rb".freeze]
 
-  if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
-    s.specification_version = 4
-  end
+  s.specification_version = 4
 
-  if s.respond_to? :add_runtime_dependency then
-    s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [\"> 0.4\"])
-    s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<jabber4r>.freeze, [\"> 0.0.0\"])
-    s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<pqa>.freeze, [\"> 0.4\", \"<= 0.6\"])
-  else
-    s.add_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [\"> 0.4\"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<jabber4r>.freeze, [\"> 0.0.0\"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<pqa>.freeze, [\"> 0.4\", \"<= 0.6\"])
-  end
+  s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [\"> 0.4\"])
+  s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<jabber4r>.freeze, [\"> 0.0.0\"])
+  s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<pqa>.freeze, [\"> 0.4\", \"<= 0.6\"])
 end
     SPEC
 
@@ -2598,8 +2419,8 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_to_ruby_keeps_requirements_as_originally_specified
-    spec = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.add_dependency 'b', ['~> 1.0', '>= 1.0.0']
+    spec = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "b", ["~> 1.0", ">= 1.0.0"]
     end
 
     assert_includes spec.to_ruby, '"~> 1.0", ">= 1.0.0"'
@@ -2628,19 +2449,19 @@ end
 
   def test_to_ruby_platform
     @a2.platform = Gem::Platform.local
-    @a2.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, 'old_platform'
+    @a2.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, "old_platform"
 
     ruby_code = @a2.to_ruby
 
     same_spec = eval ruby_code
 
-    assert_equal 'old_platform', same_spec.original_platform
+    assert_equal "old_platform", same_spec.original_platform
   end
 
   def test_to_yaml
     yaml_str = @a1.to_yaml
 
-    refute_match '!!null', yaml_str
+    refute_match %r{!!null}, yaml_str
 
     same_spec = Gem::Specification.from_yaml(yaml_str)
 
@@ -2659,27 +2480,27 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_to_yaml_platform_empty_string
-    @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, ''
+    @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, ""
 
-    assert_match %r|^platform: ruby$|, @a1.to_yaml
+    assert_match %r{^platform: ruby$}, @a1.to_yaml
   end
 
   def test_to_yaml_platform_legacy
-    @a1.platform = 'powerpc-darwin7.9.0'
-    @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, 'powerpc-darwin7.9.0'
+    @a1.platform = "powerpc-darwin7.9.0"
+    @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, "powerpc-darwin7.9.0"
 
     yaml_str = @a1.to_yaml
 
-    same_spec = YAML.load yaml_str
+    same_spec = load_yaml yaml_str
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new('powerpc-darwin7'), same_spec.platform
-    assert_equal 'powerpc-darwin7.9.0', same_spec.original_platform
+    assert_equal Gem::Platform.new("powerpc-darwin7"), same_spec.platform
+    assert_equal "powerpc-darwin7.9.0", same_spec.original_platform
   end
 
   def test_to_yaml_platform_nil
     @a1.instance_variable_set :@original_platform, nil
 
-    assert_match %r|^platform: ruby$|, @a1.to_yaml
+    assert_match %r{^platform: ruby$}, @a1.to_yaml
   end
 
   def test_validate
@@ -2690,7 +2511,7 @@ end
     end
   end
 
-  def x(s); s.gsub(/xxx/, ''); end
+  def x(s); s.gsub(/xxx/, ""); end
   def w; x "WARxxxNING"; end
   def t; x "TOxxxDO"; end
   def f; x "FxxxIXME"; end
@@ -2705,13 +2526,13 @@ end
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_match "#{w}:  no author specified\n", @ui.error, 'error'
+      assert_match "#{w}:  no author specified\n", @ui.error, "error"
 
       @a1.authors = [Object.new]
 
       assert_equal [], @a1.authors
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
@@ -2719,19 +2540,19 @@ end
 
       @a1.authors = ["#{f} (who is writing this software)"]
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an author}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an author), e.message
 
       @a1.authors = ["#{t} (who is writing this software)"]
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an author}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an author), e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -2739,14 +2560,14 @@ end
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.autorequire = 'code'
+      @a1.autorequire = "code"
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
       assert_match "#{w}:  deprecated autorequire specified\n",
-                   @ui.error, 'error'
+                   @ui.error, "error"
     end
   end
 
@@ -2754,19 +2575,19 @@ end
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'b', '>= 1.0.rc1'
-      @a1.add_development_dependency 'c', '>= 2.0.rc2'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'd', '~> 1.2.3'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'e', '~> 1.2.3.4'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'g', '~> 1.2.3', '>= 1.2.3.4'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'h', '>= 1.2.3', '<= 2'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'i', '>= 1.2'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'j', '>= 1.2.3'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'k', '> 1.2'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'l', '> 1.2.3'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'm', '~> 2.1.0'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'n', '~> 0.1.0'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     'o'
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "b", ">= 1.0.rc1"
+      @a1.add_development_dependency "c", ">= 2.0.rc2"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "d", "~> 1.2.3"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "e", "~> 1.2.3.4"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "g", "~> 1.2.3", ">= 1.2.3.4"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "h", ">= 1.2.3", "<= 2"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "i", ">= 1.2"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "j", ">= 1.2.3"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "k", "> 1.2"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "l", "> 1.2.3"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "m", "~> 2.1.0"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "n", "~> 0.1.0"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency     "o"
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
@@ -2792,7 +2613,7 @@ end
 #{w}:  See https://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help
       EXPECTED
 
-      assert_equal expected, @ui.error, 'warning'
+      assert_equal expected, @ui.error, "warning"
     end
   end
 
@@ -2800,13 +2621,13 @@ end
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '~> 1.2'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '>= 1.2.3'
-      @a1.add_development_dependency 'c', '~> 1.2'
-      @a1.add_development_dependency 'c', '>= 1.2.3'
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency "b", "~> 1.2"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency "b", ">= 1.2.3"
+      @a1.add_development_dependency "c", "~> 1.2"
+      @a1.add_development_dependency "c", ">= 1.2.3"
 
       use_ui @ui do
-        e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+        e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
           @a1.validate
         end
 
@@ -2830,14 +2651,14 @@ duplicate dependency on c (>= 1.2.3, development), (~> 1.2) use:
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '~> 1.2'
-      @a1.add_development_dependency 'b', '= 1.2.3'
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency "b", "~> 1.2"
+      @a1.add_development_dependency "b", "= 1.2.3"
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal '', @ui.error, 'warning'
+      assert_equal "", @ui.error, "warning"
     end
   end
 
@@ -2845,14 +2666,95 @@ duplicate dependency on c (>= 1.2.3, development), (~> 1.2) use:
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.version = '1.0.0.beta.1'
-      @a1.add_runtime_dependency 'b', '~> 1.2.0.beta.1'
+      @a1.version = "1.0.0.beta.1"
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency "b", "~> 1.2.0.beta.1"
+
+      use_ui @ui do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
+
+      assert_equal "", @ui.error, "warning"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_self_referencing_dependencies
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    Dir.chdir @tempdir do
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency @a1.name, "1"
+
+      use_ui @ui do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
+
+      assert_equal <<-EXPECTED, @ui.error
+#{w}:  Self referencing dependency is unnecessary and strongly discouraged.
+#{w}:  See https://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help
+      EXPECTED
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_rake_extension_have_rake_dependency_warning
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    Dir.chdir @tempdir do
+      @a1.extensions = ["Rakefile"]
+      File.write File.join(@tempdir, "Rakefile"), ""
+
+      use_ui @ui do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
+
+      assert_match(/add rake as a dependency/, @ui.error)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_rake_extension_have_rake_dependency_no_warning
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    Dir.chdir @tempdir do
+      @a1.extensions = ["Rakefile"]
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency "rake"
+      File.write File.join(@tempdir, "Rakefile"), ""
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal '', @ui.error, 'warning'
+      refute_match(/add rake as a dependency/, @ui.error)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_rust_extension_have_missing_cargo_toml_error
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    Dir.chdir @tempdir do
+      @a1.extensions = ["Cargo.toml"]
+      File.write File.join(@tempdir, "Cargo.toml"), ""
+
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+        use_ui @ui do
+          @a1.validate
+        end
+      end
+
+      assert_match(/but Cargo.lock is not part of the gem files/, e.message)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_rust_extension_have_no_missing_cargo_toml_error
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    Dir.chdir @tempdir do
+      @a1.extensions = ["Cargo.toml"]
+      @a1.files << "Cargo.toml"
+      @a1.files << "Cargo.lock"
+      File.write File.join(@tempdir, "Cargo.toml"), ""
+      File.write File.join(@tempdir, "Cargo.lock"), ""
+
+      use_ui @ui do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -2860,7 +2762,7 @@ duplicate dependency on c (>= 1.2.3, development), (~> 1.2) use:
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.description = ''
+      @a1.description = ""
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
@@ -2879,19 +2781,47 @@ duplicate dependency on c (>= 1.2.3, development), (~> 1.2) use:
 
       @a1.description = "#{f} (describe your package)"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a description}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a description), e.message
 
       @a1.description = "#{t} (describe your package)"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
+
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a description), e.message
+
+      # Adding #{f} anywhere after the start of the description should be fine.
+      @a1.description = "(some description) #{f}"
+
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
+
+      # Adding #{t} anywhere after the start of the description should be fine.
+      @a1.description = "(some description) #{t}"
+
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
+
+      # Adding #{f} at the start of the second or later line should be fine.
+      @a1.description = "(some description)\n#{f}"
+
+      assert_nothing_raised do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a description}, e.message
+      # Adding #{t} at the start of the second or later line should be fine.
+      @a1.description = "(some description)\n#{t}"
+
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        @a1.validate
+      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -2901,46 +2831,46 @@ duplicate dependency on c (>= 1.2.3, development), (~> 1.2) use:
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
       @a1.email = "FIxxxXME (your e-mail)".sub(/xxx/, "")
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an email}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an email), e.message
 
       @a1.email = "#{t} (your e-mail)"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an email}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not an email), e.message
     end
   end
 
   def test_validate_empty
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       Gem::Specification.new.validate
     end
 
-    assert_equal 'missing value for attribute name', e.message
+    assert_equal "missing value for attribute name", e.message
   end
 
   def test_validate_error
-    assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       use_ui @ui do
         Gem::Specification.new.validate
       end
     end
 
-    assert_match 'See https://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help', @ui.error
+    assert_match "See https://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help", @ui.error
   end
 
   def test_validate_executables
     util_setup_validate
 
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join(@tempdir, 'bin')
-    File.write File.join(@tempdir, 'bin', 'exec'), ''
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join(@tempdir, 'exec')
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join(@tempdir, "bin")
+    File.write File.join(@tempdir, "bin", "exec"), ""
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join(@tempdir, "exec")
 
     use_ui @ui do
       Dir.chdir @tempdir do
@@ -2950,41 +2880,41 @@ duplicate dependency on c (>= 1.2.3, development), (~> 1.2) use:
 
     assert_equal %w[exec], @a1.executables
 
-    assert_equal '', @ui.output, 'output'
-    assert_match "#{w}:  bin/exec is missing #! line\n", @ui.error, 'error'
+    assert_equal "", @ui.output, "output"
+    assert_match "#{w}:  bin/exec is missing #! line\n", @ui.error, "error"
   end
 
   def test_validate_empty_require_paths
     if win_platform?
-      skip 'test_validate_empty_require_paths skipped on MS Windows (symlink)'
+      pend "test_validate_empty_require_paths skipped on MS Windows (symlink)"
     else
       util_setup_validate
 
       @a1.require_paths = []
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal 'specification must have at least one require_path',
+      assert_equal "specification must have at least one require_path",
                    e.message
     end
   end
 
   def test_validate_files
-    skip 'test_validate_files skipped on MS Windows (symlink)' if win_platform?
+    pend "test_validate_files skipped on MS Windows (symlink)" if win_platform?
     util_setup_validate
 
-    @a1.files += ['lib', 'lib2']
-    @a1.extensions << 'ext/a/extconf.rb'
+    @a1.files += ["lib", "lib2"]
+    @a1.extensions << "ext/a/extconf.rb"
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      FileUtils.ln_s 'lib/code.rb', 'lib2' unless vc_windows?
+      FileUtils.ln_s "lib/code.rb", "lib2" unless vc_windows?
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_match 'WARNING:  lib2 is a symlink, which is not supported on all platforms', @ui.error
+      assert_match "WARNING:  lib2 is a symlink, which is not supported on all platforms", @ui.error
     end
 
     assert_equal %w[bin/exec ext/a/extconf.rb lib/code.rb lib2 test/suite.rb].sort,
@@ -3011,9 +2941,11 @@ WARN: Clearing out unresolved specs. Try 'gem cleanup <gem>'
 Please report a bug if this causes problems.
     EXPECTED
 
-    assert_output nil, expected do
+    actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
       specification.reset
     end
+    assert_empty actual_stdout
+    assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
   end
 
   def test_unresolved_specs_with_versions
@@ -3027,8 +2959,8 @@ Please report a bug if this causes problems.
 
     specification.define_singleton_method(:find_all_by_name) do |dep_name|
       [
-        specification.new { |s| s.name = "z", s.version = Gem::Version.new("1") },
-        specification.new { |s| s.name = "z", s.version = Gem::Version.new("2") }
+        specification.new {|s| s.name = "z", s.version = Gem::Version.new("1") },
+        specification.new {|s| s.name = "z", s.version = Gem::Version.new("2") },
       ]
     end
 
@@ -3042,9 +2974,20 @@ WARN: Clearing out unresolved specs. Try 'gem cleanup <gem>'
 Please report a bug if this causes problems.
     EXPECTED
 
-    assert_output nil, expected do
+    actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
       specification.reset
     end
+    assert_empty actual_stdout
+    assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
+  end
+
+  def test_duplicate_runtime_dependency
+    expected = "WARNING: duplicated b dependency [\"~> 3.0\", \"~> 3.0\"]\n"
+    out, err = capture_output do
+      @a1.add_runtime_dependency "b", "~> 3.0", "~> 3.0"
+    end
+    assert_empty out
+    assert_equal(expected, err)
   end
 
   def set_orig(cls)
@@ -3059,7 +3002,7 @@ Please report a bug if this causes problems.
 
     @a1.files = [@a1.file_name]
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
 
@@ -3077,40 +3020,39 @@ Please report a bug if this causes problems.
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_match "#{w}:  no homepage specified\n", @ui.error, 'error'
+      assert_match "#{w}:  no homepage specified\n", @ui.error, "error"
 
       @ui = Gem::MockGemUi.new
 
-      @a1.homepage = ''
+      @a1.homepage = ""
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_match "#{w}:  no homepage specified\n", @ui.error, 'error'
+      assert_match "#{w}:  no homepage specified\n", @ui.error, "error"
 
-      @a1.homepage = 'over at my cool site'
+      @a1.homepage = "over at my cool site"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
       assert_equal '"over at my cool site" is not a valid HTTP URI', e.message
 
-      @a1.homepage = 'ftp://rubygems.org'
+      @a1.homepage = "ftp://rubygems.org"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
       assert_equal '"ftp://rubygems.org" is not a valid HTTP URI', e.message
 
-      @a1.homepage = 'https://rubygems.org/'
+      @a1.homepage = "https://rubygems.org/"
       assert_equal true, @a1.validate
 
-      @a1.homepage = 'https://rubygems.org'
+      @a1.homepage = "https://rubygems.org"
       assert_equal true, @a1.validate
-
     end
   end
 
@@ -3122,10 +3064,21 @@ Please report a bug if this causes problems.
       @a1.validate
     end
 
-    assert_match <<-warning, @ui.error
+    assert_match <<-WARNING, @ui.error
 WARNING:  licenses is empty, but is recommended.  Use a license identifier from
 http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
-    warning
+    WARNING
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_license_in_a_non_packaging_context
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @a1.licenses.clear
+      @a1.validate(false)
+    end
+
+    assert_empty @ui.error
   end
 
   def test_removed_methods
@@ -3136,7 +3089,7 @@ http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.rubyforge_project = 'invalid-attribute'
+      @a1.rubyforge_project = "invalid-attribute"
       @a1.validate
     end
 
@@ -3147,21 +3100,32 @@ http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['BSD']
+      @a1.licenses = ["BSD"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
-    assert_match <<-warning, @ui.error
+    assert_match <<-WARNING, @ui.error
 WARNING:  license value 'BSD' is invalid.  Use a license identifier from
 http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
-    warning
+    WARNING
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_license_ref
+    util_setup_validate
+
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @a1.licenses = ["LicenseRef-LICENSE.md"]
+      @a1.validate
+    end
+
+    assert_empty @ui.error
   end
 
   def test_validate_license_values_plus
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['GPL-2.0+']
+      @a1.licenses = ["GPL-2.0+"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
@@ -3172,7 +3136,7 @@ http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['GPL-2.0-or-later']
+      @a1.licenses = ["GPL-2.0-or-later"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
@@ -3183,7 +3147,7 @@ http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['GPL-2.0+ WITH Autoconf-exception-2.0']
+      @a1.licenses = ["GPL-2.0+ WITH Autoconf-exception-2.0"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
@@ -3194,47 +3158,47 @@ http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['GPL-2.0+ FOO', 'GPL-2.0 FOO']
+      @a1.licenses = ["GPL-2.0+ FOO", "GPL-2.0 FOO"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
-    assert_match <<-warning, @ui.error
+    assert_match <<-WARNING, @ui.error
 WARNING:  license value 'GPL-2.0+ FOO' is invalid.  Use a license identifier from
 http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
-    warning
-    assert_match <<-warning, @ui.error
+    WARNING
+    assert_match <<-WARNING, @ui.error
 WARNING:  license value 'GPL-2.0 FOO' is invalid.  Use a license identifier from
 http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
-    warning
+    WARNING
   end
 
   def test_validate_license_with_invalid_exception
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['GPL-2.0+ WITH Autocofn-exception-2.0']
+      @a1.licenses = ["GPL-2.0+ WITH Autocofn-exception-2.0"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
-    assert_match <<-warning, @ui.error
+    assert_match <<-WARNING, @ui.error
 WARNING:  license value 'GPL-2.0+ WITH Autocofn-exception-2.0' is invalid.  Use a license identifier from
 http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
-    warning
+    WARNING
   end
 
   def test_validate_license_gives_suggestions
     util_setup_validate
 
     use_ui @ui do
-      @a1.licenses = ['ruby']
+      @a1.licenses = ["ruby"]
       @a1.validate
     end
 
-    assert_match <<-warning, @ui.error
+    assert_match <<-WARNING, @ui.error
 WARNING:  license value 'ruby' is invalid.  Use a license identifier from
 http://spdx.org/licenses or 'Nonstandard' for a nonstandard license.
 Did you mean 'Ruby'?
-    warning
+    WARNING
   end
 
   def test_validate_empty_files
@@ -3277,7 +3241,7 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
   def test_validate_name
     util_setup_validate
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.name = :json
       @a1.validate
     end
@@ -3285,31 +3249,31 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     assert_equal 'invalid value for attribute name: ":json" must be a string', e.message
 
     @a1.name = []
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
     assert_equal "invalid value for attribute name: \"[]\" must be a string", e.message
 
     @a1.name = ""
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
     assert_equal "invalid value for attribute name: \"\" must include at least one letter", e.message
 
     @a1.name = "12345"
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
     assert_equal "invalid value for attribute name: \"12345\" must include at least one letter", e.message
 
     @a1.name = "../malicious"
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
     assert_equal "invalid value for attribute name: \"../malicious\" can only include letters, numbers, dashes, and underscores", e.message
 
     @a1.name = "\ba\t"
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
     assert_equal "invalid value for attribute name: \"\\ba\\t\" can only include letters, numbers, dashes, and underscores", e.message
@@ -3326,23 +3290,23 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
         spec = @a1.dup
         spec.instance_variable_set "@#{name}", nil
 
-        e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+        e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
           spec.validate
         end
 
-        assert_match %r%^#{name}%, e.message
+        assert_match %r{^#{name}}, e.message
       end
     end
   end
 
   def test_validate_permissions
-    skip 'chmod not supported' if Gem.win_platform?
+    pend "chmod not supported" if Gem.win_platform?
 
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      File.chmod 0640, File.join('lib', 'code.rb')
-      File.chmod 0640, File.join('bin', 'exec')
+      File.chmod 0640, File.join("lib", "code.rb")
+      File.chmod 0640, File.join("bin", "exec")
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
@@ -3355,12 +3319,12 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
   end
 
   def test_validate_permissions_of_missing_file_non_packaging
-    skip 'chmod not supported' if Gem.win_platform?
+    pend "chmod not supported" if Gem.win_platform?
 
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      File.delete File.join('lib', 'code.rb')
+      File.delete File.join("lib", "code.rb")
 
       use_ui @ui do
         assert @a1.validate(false)
@@ -3372,13 +3336,13 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.platform = 'mswin32'
+      @a1.platform = "mswin32"
       assert @a1.validate
 
-      @a1.platform = 'i586-linux'
+      @a1.platform = "i586-linux"
       assert @a1.validate
 
-      @a1.platform = 'powerpc-darwin'
+      @a1.platform = "powerpc-darwin"
       assert @a1.validate
     end
   end
@@ -3387,7 +3351,7 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     @a1.rubygems_version = "3"
-    e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+    e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
       @a1.validate
     end
 
@@ -3399,15 +3363,15 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.specification_version = '1.0'
+      @a1.specification_version = "1.0"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         use_ui @ui do
           @a1.validate
         end
       end
 
-      err = 'specification_version must be an Integer (did you mean version?)'
+      err = "specification_version must be an Integer (did you mean version?)"
       assert_equal err, e.message
     end
   end
@@ -3416,29 +3380,29 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @a1.summary = ''
+      @a1.summary = ""
 
       use_ui @ui do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_match "#{w}:  no summary specified\n", @ui.error, 'error'
+      assert_match "#{w}:  no summary specified\n", @ui.error, "error"
 
       @a1.summary = "#{f} (describe your package)"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a summary}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a summary), e.message
 
       @a1.summary = "#{t} (describe your package)"
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @a1.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal %{"#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a summary}, e.message
+      assert_equal %("#{f}" or "#{t}" is not a summary), e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -3450,11 +3414,11 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
       @a1.validate
     end
 
-    assert_match 'See https://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help', @ui.error
+    assert_match "See https://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/ for help", @ui.error
   end
 
   def test_version
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('1'), @a1.version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("1"), @a1.version
   end
 
   def test_version_change_reset_full_name
@@ -3487,7 +3451,7 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     specfile.write "raise 'boom'"
     specfile.close
     begin
-      capture_io do
+      capture_output do
         Gem::Specification.load(specfile.path)
       end
     rescue => e
@@ -3498,43 +3462,28 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     specfile.delete
   end
 
-  ##
-  # KEEP p-1-x86-darwin-8
-  # KEEP p-1
-  # KEEP c-1.2
-  # KEEP a_evil-9
-  #      a-1
-  #      a-1-x86-my_platform-1
-  # KEEP a-2
-  #      a-2-x86-other_platform-1
-  # KEEP a-2-x86-my_platform-1
-  #      a-3.a
-  # KEEP a-3-x86-other_platform-1
-
   def test_latest_specs
     spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 1 do |s|
-        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new 'x86-my_platform1'
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1 do |s|
+        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new "x86-my_platform1"
       end
 
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 2
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2
 
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 2 do |s|
-        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new 'x86-my_platform1'
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2 do |s|
+        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new "x86-my_platform1"
       end
 
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 2 do |s|
-        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new 'x86-other_platform1'
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2 do |s|
+        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new "x86-other_platform1"
       end
 
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 3 do |s|
-        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new 'x86-other_platform1'
+      fetcher.spec "a", 3 do |s|
+        s.platform = Gem::Platform.new "x86-other_platform1"
       end
     end
 
     expected = %W[
-      a-2
-      a-2-x86-my_platform-1
       a-3-x86-other_platform-1
     ]
 
@@ -3547,12 +3496,13 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @m1 = quick_gem 'm', '1' do |s|
+      @m1 = quick_gem "m", "1" do |s|
         s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
         s.metadata = {
-          "one"          => "two",
-          "home"         => "three",
-          "homepage_uri" => "https://example.com/user/repo"
+          "one" => "two",
+          "home" => "three",
+          "homepage_uri" => "https://example.com/user/repo",
+          "funding_uri" => "https://example.com/donate",
         }
       end
 
@@ -3566,12 +3516,12 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @m2 = quick_gem 'm', '2' do |s|
+      @m2 = quick_gem "m", "2" do |s|
         s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
         s.metadata = { 1 => "fail" }
       end
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @m2.validate
       end
 
@@ -3583,16 +3533,16 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @m2 = quick_gem 'm', '2' do |s|
+      @m2 = quick_gem "m", "2" do |s|
         s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
         s.metadata = { ("x" * 129) => "fail" }
       end
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @m2.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal "metadata key too large (129 > 128)", e.message
+      assert_equal "metadata key is too large (129 > 128)", e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -3600,16 +3550,16 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @m2 = quick_gem 'm', '2' do |s|
+      @m2 = quick_gem "m", "2" do |s|
         s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
-        s.metadata = { 'fail' => [] }
+        s.metadata = { "fail" => [] }
       end
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @m2.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal "metadata values must be a String", e.message
+      assert_equal "metadata['fail'] value must be a String", e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -3617,16 +3567,16 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @m2 = quick_gem 'm', '2' do |s|
+      @m2 = quick_gem "m", "2" do |s|
         s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
-        s.metadata = { 'fail' => ("x" * 1025) }
+        s.metadata = { "fail" => ("x" * 1025) }
       end
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @m2.validate
       end
 
-      assert_equal "metadata value too large (1025 > 1024)", e.message
+      assert_equal "metadata['fail'] value is too large (1025 > 1024)", e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -3634,12 +3584,12 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
     util_setup_validate
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      @m2 = quick_gem 'm', '2' do |s|
+      @m2 = quick_gem "m", "2" do |s|
         s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
-        s.metadata = { 'homepage_uri' => 'http:/example.com' }
+        s.metadata = { "homepage_uri" => "http:/example.com" }
       end
 
-      e = assert_raises Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
+      e = assert_raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException do
         @m2.validate
       end
 
@@ -3648,9 +3598,9 @@ Did you mean 'Ruby'?
   end
 
   def test_metadata_specs
-    @m1 = quick_gem 'm', '1' do |s|
+    @m1 = quick_gem "m", "1" do |s|
       s.files = %w[lib/code.rb]
-      s.metadata = { 'one' => "two", 'two' => "three" }
+      s.metadata = { "one" => "two", "two" => "three" }
     end
 
     valid_ruby_spec = <<-EOF
@@ -3679,7 +3629,7 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_missing_extensions_eh
-    skip "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
+    pend "extensions don't quite work on jruby" if Gem.java_platform?
     ext_spec
 
     assert @ext.missing_extensions?
@@ -3687,7 +3637,7 @@ end
     extconf_rb = File.join @ext.gem_dir, @ext.extensions.first
     FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname extconf_rb
 
-    File.open extconf_rb, 'w' do |f|
+    File.open extconf_rb, "w" do |f|
       f.write <<-'RUBY'
         File.open 'Makefile', 'w' do |f|
           f.puts "clean:\n\techo clean"
@@ -3703,30 +3653,18 @@ end
   end
 
   def test_missing_extensions_eh_default_gem
-    spec = new_default_spec 'default', 1
-    spec.extensions << 'extconf.rb'
+    spec = new_default_spec "default", 1
+    spec.extensions << "extconf.rb"
 
     refute spec.missing_extensions?
   end
 
-  def test_missing_extensions_eh_legacy
-    ext_spec
-
-    @ext.installed_by_version = v '2.2.0.preview.2'
-
-    assert @ext.missing_extensions?
-
-    @ext.installed_by_version = v '2.2.0.preview.1'
-
-    refute @ext.missing_extensions?
-  end
-
   def test_missing_extensions_eh_none
     refute @a1.missing_extensions?
   end
 
   def test_find_all_by_full_name
-    pl = Gem::Platform.new 'i386-linux'
+    pl = Gem::Platform.new "i386-linux"
 
     a1 = util_spec "a", "1"
     a1_pre = util_spec "a", "1.0.0.pre.1"
@@ -3758,7 +3696,7 @@ end
     assert Gem::Specification.find_by_name "a", "1"
     assert Gem::Specification.find_by_name "a", ">1"
 
-    assert_raises Gem::MissingSpecError do
+    assert_raise Gem::MissingSpecError do
       Gem::Specification.find_by_name "monkeys"
     end
   end
@@ -3777,23 +3715,42 @@ end
 
     install_specs b
 
+    Gem::Specification.reset
+
     assert Gem::Specification.find_by_name "b"
 
-    assert_raises Gem::MissingSpecVersionError do
+    assert_raise Gem::MissingSpecVersionError do
       Gem::Specification.find_by_name "b", "1"
     end
 
     assert Gem::Specification.find_by_name "b", ">1"
   end
 
+  def test_find_by_full_name
+    pl = Gem::Platform.new "x86_64-linux"
+
+    a = util_spec "a", "1"
+    install_specs a
+
+    a_pl = util_spec("a", "1") {|s| s.platform = pl }
+    install_specs a_pl
+
+    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_by_full_name("a-1")
+    assert_equal a_pl, Gem::Specification.find_by_full_name("a-1-x86_64-linux")
+
+    assert_nil Gem::Specification.find_by_full_name("a-2")
+    assert_nil Gem::Specification.find_by_full_name("b-1")
+    assert_nil Gem::Specification.find_by_full_name("a-1-arm64-linux")
+  end
+
   def test_find_by_path
     a = util_spec "foo", "1", nil, "lib/foo.rb"
 
     install_specs a
 
-    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_by_path('foo')
+    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_by_path("foo")
     a.activate
-    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_by_path('foo')
+    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_by_path("foo")
   end
 
   def test_find_inactive_by_path
@@ -3801,9 +3758,9 @@ end
 
     install_specs a
 
-    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_inactive_by_path('foo')
+    assert_equal a, Gem::Specification.find_inactive_by_path("foo")
     a.activate
-    assert_nil Gem::Specification.find_inactive_by_path('foo')
+    assert_nil Gem::Specification.find_inactive_by_path("foo")
   end
 
   def test_load_default_gem
@@ -3812,7 +3769,7 @@ end
 
     default_gem_spec = new_default_spec("default", "2.0.0.0",
                                         nil, "default/gem.rb")
-    spec_path = File.join(@default_spec_dir, default_gem_spec.spec_name)
+    spec_path = File.join(@gemhome, "specifications", "default", default_gem_spec.spec_name)
     write_file(spec_path) do |file|
       file.print(default_gem_spec.to_ruby)
     end
@@ -3837,64 +3794,18 @@ end
       FileUtils.mkdir_p "test"
       FileUtils.mkdir_p "bin"
 
-      FileUtils.touch File.join("ext", "a", "extconf.rb")
-      FileUtils.touch File.join("lib", "code.rb")
-      FileUtils.touch File.join("test", "suite.rb")
+      begin
+        umask_orig = File.umask(2)
+        FileUtils.touch File.join("ext", "a", "extconf.rb")
+        FileUtils.touch File.join("lib", "code.rb")
+        FileUtils.touch File.join("test", "suite.rb")
 
-      File.open "bin/exec", "w", 0755 do |fp|
-        fp.puts "#!#{Gem.ruby}"
+        File.open "bin/exec", "w", 0755 do |fp|
+          fp.puts "#!#{Gem.ruby}"
+        end
+      ensure
+        File.umask(umask_orig)
       end
     end
   end
-
-  def with_syck
-    begin
-      verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
-      require "yaml"
-      old_engine = YAML::ENGINE.yamler
-      YAML::ENGINE.yamler = 'syck'
-      load 'rubygems/syck_hack.rb'
-    rescue NameError
-      # probably on 1.8, ignore
-    ensure
-      $VERBOSE = verbose
-    end
-
-    yield
-  ensure
-    begin
-      YAML::ENGINE.yamler = old_engine
-      load 'rubygems/syck_hack.rb'
-    rescue NameError
-      # ignore
-    end
-  end
-
-  def with_psych
-    begin
-      require "yaml"
-      old_engine = YAML::ENGINE.yamler
-      YAML::ENGINE.yamler = 'psych'
-      load 'rubygems/syck_hack.rb'
-    rescue NameError
-      # probably on 1.8, ignore
-    end
-
-    yield
-  ensure
-    begin
-      YAML::ENGINE.yamler = old_engine
-      load 'rubygems/syck_hack.rb'
-    rescue NameError
-      # ignore
-    end
-  end
-
-  def silence_warnings
-    old_verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, false
-    yield
-  ensure
-    $VERBOSE = old_verbose
-  end
-
 end