ruby-prof 0.15.7 → 0.15.8

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- <li><a href="#label-Graph+Profiles">Graph Profiles</a>
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- <li><a href="#label-Overview">Overview</a>
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- <li><a href="#label-Children">Children</a>
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- </nav>
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- <main role="main" aria-label="Page examples/graph.txt">
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- <h1 id="label-Graph+Profiles">Graph Profiles<span><a href="#label-Graph+Profiles">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h1>
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-
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- <p>Graph profiles show how long each method runs, which methods call it and
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- which methods it calls.</p>
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- <p>As an example, here is the output from running printers_test.rb:</p>
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- <p>Thread ID: 21277412</p>
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- <pre> %total %self total self children calls Name
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 100.00% 0.00% 8.77 0.00 8.77 1 #toplevel
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- 8.77 0.00 8.77 1/1 Object#run_primes
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 8.77 0.00 8.77 1/1 #toplevel
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- 100.00% 0.00% 8.77 0.00 8.77 1 Object#run_primes
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- 0.02 0.00 0.02 1/1 Object#make_random_array
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- 2.09 0.00 2.09 1/1 Object#find_largest
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- 6.66 0.00 6.66 1/1 Object#find_primes
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 6.63 4.06 2.56 500/501 Object#is_prime
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- 2.09 0.00 2.09 1/501 Object#find_largest
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- 99.48% 46.34% 8.72 4.06 4.66 501 Integer#upto
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 61/61 Array#[]
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 61/61 Fixnum#&gt;
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- 2.09 2.09 0.00 61/61 Kernel.sleep
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- 1.24 1.24 0.00 250862/250862 Fixnum#==
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- 1.33 1.33 0.00 250862/250862 Fixnum#%
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 6.66 0.01 6.64 1/1 Object#find_primes
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- 75.93% 0.17% 6.66 0.01 6.64 1 Array#select
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- 6.64 0.01 6.63 500/500 Object#is_prime
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 6.66 0.00 6.66 1/1 Object#run_primes
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- 75.93% 0.00% 6.66 0.00 6.66 1 Object#find_primes
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- 6.66 0.01 6.64 1/1 Array#select
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 6.64 0.01 6.63 500/500 Array#select
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- 75.76% 0.17% 6.64 0.01 6.63 500 Object#is_prime
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 500/501 Fixnum#-
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- 6.63 4.06 2.56 500/501 Integer#upto
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 2.09 0.00 2.09 1/1 Object#run_primes
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- 23.89% 0.00% 2.09 0.00 2.09 1 Object#find_largest
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/501 Fixnum#-
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- 2.09 0.00 2.09 1/501 Integer#upto
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Array#first
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Array#length
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 2.09 2.09 0.00 61/61 Integer#upto
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- 23.89% 23.89% 2.09 2.09 0.00 61 Kernel.sleep
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 1.33 1.33 0.00 250862/250862 Integer#upto
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- 15.12% 15.12% 1.33 1.33 0.00 250862 Fixnum#%
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 1.24 1.24 0.00 250862/250862 Integer#upto
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- 14.13% 14.13% 1.24 1.24 0.00 250862 Fixnum#==
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.02 0.00 0.02 1/1 Object#run_primes
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- 0.18% 0.00% 0.02 0.00 0.02 1 Object#make_random_array
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- 0.02 0.02 0.00 1/1 Array#each_index
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Class#new
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.02 0.02 0.00 1/1 Object#make_random_array
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- 0.18% 0.18% 0.02 0.02 0.00 1 Array#each_index
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 500/500 Kernel.rand
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 500/500 Array#[]=
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 500/501 Object#is_prime
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/501 Object#find_largest
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 501 Fixnum#-
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Kernel.rand
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Integer#to_int
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Object#find_largest
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Array#first
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Class#new
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Array#initialize
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Object#find_largest
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Array#length
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Object#make_random_array
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Class#new
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Array#initialize
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 61/61 Integer#upto
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 61 Fixnum#&gt;
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 61/61 Integer#upto
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 61 Array#[]
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 500/500 Array#each_index
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 500 Array#[]=
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 500/500 Array#each_index
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- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00 500 Kernel.rand
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- 0.00 0.00 0.00 1/1 Integer#to_int</pre>
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- <h2 id="label-Overview">Overview<span><a href="#label-Overview">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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- <p>Dashed lines divide the report into entries, with one entry per method.
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- Entries are sorted by total time which is the time spent in the method
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- plus its children.</p>
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- <p>Each entry has a primary line demarked by values in the %total and %self
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- columns. The primary line represents the method being profiled. Lines
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- above it are the methods that called this method (parents) while the lines
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- below it are the methods it called (children).</p>
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- <p>All values are in seconds. For the primary line, the columns represent:</p>
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-
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- <pre>%total - The percentage of time spent in this method and its children
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- %self - The percentage of time spent in this method
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- total - The time spent in this method and its children.
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- self - The time spent in this method.
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- children - The time spent in this method&#39;s children.
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- calls - The number of times this method was called.
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- name - The name of the method.</pre>
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- <p>The interpretation of method names is:</p>
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- <ul><li>
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- <p>toplevel - The root method that calls all other methods</p>
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- </li><li>
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- <p>MyObject#test - An instance method “test” of the class “MyObject”</p>
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- </li><li>
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- <p>&lt;Object:MyObject&gt;#test - The &lt;&gt; characters indicate a singleton
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- method on a singleton class.</p>
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- </li></ul>
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- <p>For example, we see that 99.48% of the time was spent in Integer#upto and
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- its children. Of that time, 4.06 seconds was spent in Integer#upto itself
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- and 4.66 in its children. Overall, Integer#upto was called 501 times.</p>
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- <h2 id="label-Parents">Parents<span><a href="#label-Parents">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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- <p>In each entry, the lines above the primary line are the methods that
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- called the current method. If the current method is a root method then no
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- parents are shown.</p>
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- <p>For parent lines, the columns represent:</p>
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-
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- <pre>total - The time spent in the current method and it children on behalf of the parent method.
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- self - The time spent in this method on behalf of the parent method.
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- children - The time spent in this method&#39;s children on behalf of the parent.
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- calls - The number of times the parent method called this child</pre>
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- <p>Looking at Integer#upto again, we see that it was called 500 times from
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- Object#is_prime and 1 time from find_largest. Of the 8.72 total seconds
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- Object#find_largest.</p>
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- <h2 id="label-Children">Children<span><a href="#label-Children">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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- <p>In each entry, the lines below the primary line are the methods that the
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- current method called. If the current method is a leaf method then no
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- children are shown.</p>
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- <p>For children lines, the columns represent:</p>
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-
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- <pre>total - The time spent in the child, and its children, on behalf of the current method
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- self - The time spent in the child on behalf of the current method.
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- children - The time spent in the child&#39;s children (ie, granchildren) in behalf of the current method
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- calls - The number of times the child method was called by the current method.</pre>
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- <p>Taking our example of Integer#upto, we see that it called five other
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- methods - Array#[], Fixnum#&gt;, Kernel.sleep, Fixnum#= and Fixnum#%.
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- Looking at Kernel.sleep, we see that its spent 2.09 seconds working for
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- Integer#upto and its children spent 0 time working for Integer#upto. To
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- see the overall time Kernel.sleep took we would have to look up its entry
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- <li><a href="./RubyProf/GraphHtmlPrinter.html">RubyProf::GraphHtmlPrinter</a>
107
-
108
- <li><a href="./RubyProf/GraphPrinter.html">RubyProf::GraphPrinter</a>
109
-
110
- <li><a href="./RubyProf/MethodInfo.html">RubyProf::MethodInfo</a>
111
-
112
- <li><a href="./RubyProf/MultiPrinter.html">RubyProf::MultiPrinter</a>
113
-
114
- <li><a href="./RubyProf/Profile.html">RubyProf::Profile</a>
115
-
116
- <li><a href="./RubyProf/ProfileTask.html">RubyProf::ProfileTask</a>
117
-
118
- <li><a href="./RubyProf/Thread.html">RubyProf::Thread</a>
119
-
120
- </ul>
121
- </div>
122
-
123
- </div>
124
- </nav>
125
-
126
- <main role="main">
127
-
128
-
129
- <h1 id="label-ruby-prof">ruby-prof<span><a href="#label-ruby-prof">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h1>
130
-
131
- <p><a href="https://travis-ci.org/ruby-prof/ruby-prof"><img
132
- src="https://travis-ci.org/ruby-prof/ruby-prof.png?branch=master"
133
- alt="Build Status" /></a></p>
134
-
135
- <h2 id="label-Overview">Overview<span><a href="#label-Overview">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
136
-
137
- <p>ruby-prof is a fast code profiler for Ruby. Its features include:</p>
138
- <ul><li>
139
- <p>Speed - it is a C extension and therefore many times faster than the
140
- standard Ruby profiler.</p>
141
- </li><li>
142
- <p>Modes - Ruby prof can measure a number of different parameters, including
143
- call times, memory usage and object allocations.</p>
144
- </li><li>
145
- <p>Reports - can generate text and cross-referenced html reports</p>
146
- <ul><li>
147
- <p>Flat Profiles - similar to the reports generated by the standard Ruby
148
- profiler</p>
149
- </li><li>
150
- <p>Graph profiles - similar to GProf, these show how long a method runs, which
151
- methods call it and which methods it calls.</p>
152
- </li><li>
153
- <p>Call tree profiles - outputs results in the calltree format suitable for
154
- the KCacheGrind profiling tool.</p>
155
- </li><li>
156
- <p>Many more – see reports section of this <a
157
- href="README_rdoc.html">README</a>.</p>
158
- </li></ul>
159
- </li><li>
160
- <p>Threads - supports profiling multiple threads simultaneously</p>
161
- </li></ul>
162
-
163
- <h2 id="label-Requirements">Requirements<span><a href="#label-Requirements">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
164
-
165
- <p>ruby-prof requires Ruby 1.9.3 or higher. Please note some ruby releases
166
- have known bugs which cause ruby-prof problems, like incorrect
167
- measurements. We suggest to use the latest minor patch level release if
168
- possible. In particular, on the 2.1 branch of ruby you should use 2.1.5.</p>
169
-
170
- <p>If you are running Linux or Unix you&#39;ll need a C compiler so the
171
- extension can be compiled when it is installed.</p>
172
-
173
- <p>If you are running Windows, then you may need to install the Windows
174
- specific RubyGem which includes an already built extension (see Install
175
- section).</p>
176
-
177
- <h2 id="label-Install">Install<span><a href="#label-Install">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
178
-
179
- <p>The easiest way to install ruby-prof is by using Ruby Gems. To install:</p>
180
-
181
- <pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">gem</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">install</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">ruby</span><span class="ruby-operator">-</span><span class="ruby-identifier">prof</span>
182
- </pre>
183
-
184
- <p>If you&#39;re on windows then please install the devkit first so that it
185
- can compile.</p>
186
-
187
- <h2 id="label-Usage">Usage<span><a href="#label-Usage">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
188
-
189
- <p>There are two ways of running ruby-prof, via the command line or via its
190
- API.</p>
191
-
192
- <h3 id="label-ruby-prof+executable">ruby-prof executable<span><a href="#label-ruby-prof+executable">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
193
-
194
- <p>The first is to use ruby-prof to run the Ruby program you want to profile.
195
- For more information refer to the documentation of the ruby-prof command.</p>
196
-
197
- <h3 id="label-ruby-prof+API">ruby-prof API<span><a href="#label-ruby-prof+API">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
198
-
199
- <p>The second way is to use the ruby-prof API to profile particular segments
200
- of code.</p>
201
-
202
- <pre>require &#39;ruby-prof&#39;
203
-
204
- # Profile the code
205
- RubyProf.start
206
- ...
207
- [code to profile]
208
- ...
209
- result = RubyProf.stop
210
-
211
- # Print a flat profile to text
212
- printer = RubyProf::FlatPrinter.new(result)
213
- printer.print(STDOUT)</pre>
214
-
215
- <p>Alternatively, you can use a block to tell ruby-prof what to profile:</p>
216
-
217
- <pre>require &#39;ruby-prof&#39;
218
-
219
- # Profile the code
220
- result = RubyProf.profile do
221
- ...
222
- [code to profile]
223
- ...
224
- end
225
-
226
- # Print a graph profile to text
227
- printer = RubyProf::GraphPrinter.new(result)
228
- printer.print(STDOUT, {})</pre>
229
-
230
- <p>ruby-prof also supports pausing and resuming profiling runs.</p>
231
-
232
- <pre>require &#39;ruby-prof&#39;
233
-
234
- # Profile the code
235
- RubyProf.start
236
- [code to profile]
237
- RubyProf.pause
238
- [other code]
239
- RubyProf.resume
240
- [code to profile]
241
- result = RubyProf.stop</pre>
242
-
243
- <p>Note that resume will automatically call start if a profiling run has not
244
- yet started. In addition, resume can also take a block:</p>
245
-
246
- <pre>require &#39;ruby-prof&#39;
247
-
248
- # Profile the code
249
- RubyProf.resume do
250
- [code to profile]
251
- end
252
-
253
- data = RubyProf.stop</pre>
254
-
255
- <p>With this usage, resume will automatically call pause at the end of the
256
- block.</p>
257
-
258
- <h2 id="label-Method+and+Thread+Elimination">Method and Thread Elimination<span><a href="#label-Method+and+Thread+Elimination">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
259
-
260
- <p>ruby-prof supports eliminating specific methods and threads from profiling
261
- results. This is useful for reducing connectivity in the call graph, making
262
- it easier to identify the source of performance problems when using a graph
263
- printer.</p>
264
-
265
- <p>For example, consider Integer#times: it&#39;s hardly ever useful to know
266
- how much time is spent in the method itself. We&#39;re much more interested
267
- in how much the passed in block contributes to the time spent in the method
268
- which contains the Integer#times call.</p>
269
-
270
- <p>Methods are eliminated from the collected data by calling
271
- `eliminate_methods!` on the profiling result, before submitting it to a
272
- printer.</p>
273
-
274
- <pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">RubyProf</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">stop</span>
275
- <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">eliminate_methods!</span>([<span class="ruby-node">/Integer#times/</span>])
276
- </pre>
277
-
278
- <p>The argument given to `eliminate_methods!` is either an array of regular
279
- expressions, or the name of a file containing a list of regular expressions
280
- (line separated text).</p>
281
-
282
- <p>After eliminating methods the resulting profile will appear exactly as if
283
- those methods had been inlined at their call sites.</p>
284
-
285
- <p>In a similar manner, threads can be excluded so they are not profiled at
286
- all. To do this, pass an array of threads to exclude to ruby-prof:</p>
287
-
288
- <pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-constant">RubyProf</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-identifier">exclude_threads</span> = [ <span class="ruby-identifier">thread2</span> ]
289
- <span class="ruby-constant">RubyProf</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">start</span>
290
- </pre>
291
-
292
- <p>Note that the excluded threads must be specified <strong>before</strong>
293
- profiling.</p>
294
-
295
- <h2 id="label-Benchmarking+full+load+time+including+rubygems+startup+cost">Benchmarking full load time including rubygems startup cost<span><a href="#label-Benchmarking+full+load+time+including+rubygems+startup+cost">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
296
-
297
- <p>If you want to get a more accurate measurement of what takes all of a
298
- gem&#39;s bin/xxx command to load, you may want to also measure
299
- rubygems&#39; startup penalty. You can do this by calling into
300
- bin/ruby-prof directly, ex:</p>
301
-
302
- <pre>$ gem which ruby-prof
303
- g:/192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ruby-prof-0.10.2/lib/ruby-prof.rb</pre>
304
-
305
- <p>now run it thus (substitute lib/ruby-prof.rb with bin/ruby-prof):</p>
306
-
307
- <pre>$ ruby g:/192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ruby-prof-0.10.2/bin/ruby-prof g:\192\bin\some_installed_gem_command</pre>
308
-
309
- <p>or</p>
310
-
311
- <pre>$ ruby g:/192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ruby-prof-0.10.2/bin/ruby-prof ./some_file_that_does_a_require_rubygems_at_the_beginning.rb</pre>
312
-
313
- <h2 id="label-Profiling+Rails">Profiling Rails<span><a href="#label-Profiling+Rails">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
314
-
315
- <p>To profile a Rails application it is vital to run it using production like
316
- settings (cache classes, cache view lookups, etc.). Otherwise, Rail&#39;s
317
- dependency loading code will overwhelm any time spent in the application
318
- itself (our tests show that Rails dependency loading causes a roughly 6x
319
- slowdown). The best way to do this is create a new Rails environment,
320
- profile.rb.</p>
321
-
322
- <p>So to profile Rails:</p>
323
- <ol><li>
324
- <p>Create a new profile.rb environment. Make sure to turn on cache_classes
325
- and cache_template_loading. Otherwise your profiling results will be
326
- overwhelemed by the time Rails spends loading required files. You should
327
- likely turn off caching.</p>
328
- </li><li>
329
- <p>Add the ruby-prof to your gemfile:</p>
330
-
331
- <pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">group</span> :<span class="ruby-identifier">profile</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
332
- <span class="ruby-identifier">gem</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;ruby-prof&#39;</span>
333
- <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
334
- </pre>
335
- </li><li>
336
- <p>Add the ruby prof rack adapter to your middleware stack. One way to do
337
- this is by adding the following code to config.ru:</p>
338
-
339
- <pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rails</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">profile?</span>
340
- <span class="ruby-identifier">use</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">RubyProf</span>, :<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span> =<span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&#39;/temp/profile&#39;</span>
341
- <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
342
- </pre>
343
-
344
- <p>The path is where you want profiling results to be stored. By default the
345
- rack adapter will generate a html call graph report and flat text report.</p>
346
- </li><li>
347
- <p>Now make a request to your running server. New profiling information will
348
- be generated for each request. Note that each request will overwrite the
349
- profiling reports created by the previous request!</p>
350
- </li></ol>
351
-
352
- <h2 id="label-Reports">Reports<span><a href="#label-Reports">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
353
-
354
- <p>ruby-prof can generate a number of different reports:</p>
355
- <ul><li>
356
- <p>Flat Reports</p>
357
- </li><li>
358
- <p>Graph Reports</p>
359
- </li><li>
360
- <p>HTML Graph Reports</p>
361
- </li><li>
362
- <p>Call graphs</p>
363
- </li><li>
364
- <p>Call stack reports</p>
365
- </li><li>
366
- <p>More!</p>
367
- </li></ul>
368
-
369
- <p>Flat profiles show the overall time spent in each method. They are a good
370
- way of quickly identifying which methods take the most time. An example of
371
- a flat profile and an explanation can be found in <a
372
- href="http://github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof/tree/master/examples/flat.txt">examples/flat.txt</a>.</p>
373
-
374
- <p>There are several varieties of these – run $ ruby-prof –help</p>
375
-
376
- <p>Graph profiles also show the overall time spent in each method. In
377
- addition, they also show which methods call the current method and which
378
- methods its calls. Thus they are good for understanding how methods gets
379
- called and provide insight into the flow of your program. An example text
380
- graph profile is located at <a
381
- href="http://github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof/tree/master/examples/graph.txt">examples/graph.txt</a>.</p>
382
-
383
- <p>HTML Graph profiles are the same as graph profiles, except output is
384
- generated in hyper-linked HTML. Since graph profiles can be quite large,
385
- the embedded links make it much easier to navigate the results. An example
386
- html graph profile is located at <a
387
- href="http://github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof/tree/master/examples/graph.html">examples/graph.html</a>.</p>
388
-
389
- <p>Call graphs output results in the calltree profile format which is used by
390
- KCachegrind. Call graph support was generously donated by Carl Shimer. More
391
- information about the format can be found at the <a
392
- href="http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/show.cgi/KcacheGrindCalltreeFormat">KCachegrind</a>
393
- site.</p>
394
-
395
- <p>Call stack reports produce a HTML visualization of the time spent in each
396
- execution path of the profiled code. An example can be found at <a
397
- href="http://github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof/tree/master/examples/stack.html">examples/stack.html</a>.</p>
398
-
399
- <p>Another good example: [<a
400
- href="http://twitpic.com/28z94a">twitpic.com/28z94a</a>]</p>
401
-
402
- <p>Finally, there&#39;s a so called MultiPrinter which can generate several
403
- reports in one profiling run. See <a
404
- href="http://github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof/tree/master/examples/multi.stack.html">examples/multi.stack.html</a>.</p>
405
-
406
- <p>There is also a graphviz .dot visualiser.</p>
407
-
408
- <h2 id="label-Printers">Printers<span><a href="#label-Printers">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
409
-
410
- <p>Reports are created by printers. Supported printers include:</p>
411
- <ul><li>
412
- <p><a href="RubyProf/FlatPrinter.html">RubyProf::FlatPrinter</a> - Creates a
413
- flat report in text format</p>
414
- </li><li>
415
- <p><a
416
- href="RubyProf/FlatPrinterWithLineNumbers.html">RubyProf::FlatPrinterWithLineNumbers</a>
417
- - same as above but more verbose</p>
418
- </li><li>
419
- <p><a href="RubyProf/GraphPrinter.html">RubyProf::GraphPrinter</a> - Creates a
420
- call graph report in text format</p>
421
- </li><li>
422
- <p><a href="RubyProf/GraphHtmlPrinter.html">RubyProf::GraphHtmlPrinter</a> -
423
- Creates a call graph report in HTML (separate files per thread)</p>
424
- </li><li>
425
- <p><a href="RubyProf/DotPrinter.html">RubyProf::DotPrinter</a> - Creates a
426
- call graph report in GraphViz&#39;s DOT format which can be converted to an
427
- image</p>
428
- </li><li>
429
- <p><a href="RubyProf/CallTreePrinter.html">RubyProf::CallTreePrinter</a> -
430
- Creates a call tree report compatible with KCachegrind.</p>
431
- </li><li>
432
- <p><a href="RubyProf/CallStackPrinter.html">RubyProf::CallStackPrinter</a> -
433
- Creates a HTML visualization of the Ruby stack</p>
434
- </li><li>
435
- <p><a href="RubyProf/MultiPrinter.html">RubyProf::MultiPrinter</a> - Uses the
436
- other printers to create several reports in one profiling run</p>
437
- </li><li>
438
- <p>More!</p>
439
- </li></ul>
440
-
441
- <p>To use a printer:</p>
442
-
443
- <pre>...
444
- result = RubyProf.stop
445
- printer = RubyProf::GraphPrinter.new(result)
446
- printer.print(STDOUT, :min_percent =&gt; 2)</pre>
447
-
448
- <p>The first parameter is any writable IO object such as STDOUT or a file. The
449
- second parameter, specifies the minimum percentage a method must take to be
450
- printed. Percentages should be specified as integers in the range 0 to
451
- 100. For more information please see the documentation for the different
452
- printers.</p>
453
-
454
- <p>The other option is :print_file =&gt; true (default false), which adds the
455
- filename to the output (GraphPrinter only).</p>
456
-
457
- <p>The MultiPrinter differs from the other printers in that it requires a
458
- directory path and a basename for the files it produces.</p>
459
-
460
- <pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">printer</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">RubyProf</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">MultiPrinter</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>)
461
- <span class="ruby-identifier">printer</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">print</span>(:<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span> =<span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;.&quot;</span>, :<span class="ruby-identifier">profile</span> =<span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">&quot;profile&quot;</span>)
462
- </pre>
463
-
464
- <h2 id="label-Measurements">Measurements<span><a href="#label-Measurements">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
465
-
466
- <p>Depending on the mode and platform, ruby-prof can measure various aspects
467
- of a Ruby program. Supported measurements include:</p>
468
- <ul><li>
469
- <p>wall time (RubyProf::WALL_TIME)</p>
470
- </li><li>
471
- <p>process time (RubyProf::PROCESS_TIME)</p>
472
- </li><li>
473
- <p>cpu time (RubyProf::CPU_TIME)</p>
474
- </li><li>
475
- <p>object allocations (RubyProf::ALLOCATIONS)</p>
476
- </li><li>
477
- <p>memory usage (RubyProf::MEMORY)</p>
478
- </li><li>
479
- <p>garbage collection time (RubyProf::GC_TIME)</p>
480
- </li><li>
481
- <p>garbage collections runs (RubyProf::GC_RUNS)</p>
482
- </li></ul>
483
-
484
- <p>Wall time measures the real-world time elapsed between any two moments. If
485
- there are other processes concurrently running on the system that use
486
- significant CPU or disk time during a profiling run then the reported
487
- results will be larger than expected.</p>
488
-
489
- <p>Process time measures the time used by a process between any two moments.
490
- It is unaffected by other processes concurrently running on the system.
491
- Note that Windows does not support measuring process times.</p>
492
-
493
- <p>CPU time uses the CPU clock counter to measure time. The returned values
494
- are dependent on the correctly setting the CPU&#39;s frequency. This mode
495
- is only supported on Pentium or PowerPC platforms (linux only).</p>
496
-
497
- <p>Object allocation reports show how many objects each method in a program
498
- allocates. This support was added by Sylvain Joyeux and requires a patched
499
- Ruby interpreter. See below.</p>
500
-
501
- <p>Memory usage reports show how much memory each method in a program uses.
502
- This support was added by Alexander Dymo and requires a patched Ruby
503
- interpreter. See below.</p>
504
-
505
- <p>Garbage collection time reports how much time is spent in Ruby&#39;s
506
- garbage collector during a profiling session. This support was added by
507
- Jeremy Kemper and requires a patched Ruby interpreter. See below.</p>
508
-
509
- <p>Garbage collection runs report how many times Ruby&#39;s garbage collector
510
- is invoked during a profiling session. This support was added by Jeremy
511
- Kemper and requires a patched Ruby interpreter. See below.</p>
512
-
513
- <p>Ruby patches: all of the patches to Ruby are included in the railsexpress
514
- patchsets for rvm, see <a
515
- href="https://github.com/skaes/rvm-patchsets">github.com/skaes/rvm-patchsets</a></p>
516
-
517
- <p>To set the measurement:</p>
518
- <ul><li>
519
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
520
- RubyProf::WALL_TIME</p>
521
- </li><li>
522
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
523
- RubyProf::PROCESS_TIME</p>
524
- </li><li>
525
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
526
- RubyProf::CPU_TIME</p>
527
- </li><li>
528
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
529
- RubyProf::ALLOCATIONS</p>
530
- </li><li>
531
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
532
- RubyProf::MEMORY</p>
533
- </li><li>
534
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
535
- RubyProf::GC_TIME</p>
536
- </li><li>
537
- <p><a href="RubyProf.html#method-c-measure_mode">RubyProf.measure_mode</a> =
538
- RubyProf::GC_RUNS</p>
539
- </li></ul>
540
-
541
- <p>The default value is RubyProf::WALL_TIME.</p>
542
-
543
- <p>You may also specify the measure_mode by using the RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE
544
- environment variable:</p>
545
- <ul><li>
546
- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=wall</p>
547
- </li><li>
548
- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=process</p>
549
- </li><li>
550
- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=cpu</p>
551
- </li><li>
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- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=allocations</p>
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- </li><li>
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- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=memory</p>
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- </li><li>
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- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=gc_time</p>
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- </li><li>
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- <p>export RUBY_PROF_MEASURE_MODE=gc_runs</p>
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- </li></ul>
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-
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- <p>On Linux, process time is measured using the clock method provided by the C
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- runtime library. Note that the clock method does not report time spent in
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- the kernel or child processes and therefore does not measure time spent in
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- methods such as Kernel.sleep method. If you need to measure these values,
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- then use wall time. Wall time is measured using the gettimeofday kernel
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- method.</p>
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-
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- <p>If you set the clock mode to PROCESS_TIME, then timings are read using the
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- clock method provided by the C runtime library. Note though, these values
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- are wall times on Windows and not process times like on Linux. Wall time
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- is measured using the GetLocalTime API.</p>
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-
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- <p>If you use wall time, the results will be affected by other processes
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- running on your computer, network delays, disk access, etc. As result, for
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- the best results, try to make sure your computer is only performing your
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- profiling run and is otherwise quiescent.</p>
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-
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- <h2 id="label-Multi-threaded+Applications">Multi-threaded Applications<span><a href="#label-Multi-threaded+Applications">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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-
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- <p>Unfortunately, Ruby does not provide an internal api for detecting thread
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- context switches in 1.8. As a result, the timings ruby-prof reports for
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- each thread may be slightly inaccurate. In particular, this will happen
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- for newly spawned threads that go to sleep immediately (their first call).
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- For instance, if you use Ruby&#39;s timeout library to wait for 2 seconds,
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- the 2 seconds will be assigned to the foreground thread and not the newly
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- created background thread. These errors can largely be avoided if the
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- background thread performs any operation before going to sleep.</p>
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-
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- <h2 id="label-Performance">Performance<span><a href="#label-Performance">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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-
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- <p>Significant effort has been put into reducing ruby-prof&#39;s overhead as
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- much as possible. Our tests show that the overhead associated with
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- profiling code varies considerably with the code being profiled. Most
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- programs will run approximately twice as slow while highly recursive
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- programs (like the fibonacci series test) will run three times slower.</p>
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-
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- <h2 id="label-License">License<span><a href="#label-License">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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-
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- <p>See <a href="LICENSE.html">LICENSE</a> for license information.</p>
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-
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- <h2 id="label-Development">Development<span><a href="#label-Development">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>
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-
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- <p>Code is located at <a
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- href="https://github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof">github.com/ruby-prof/ruby-prof</a></p>
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-
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- <p>Google group/mailing list: <a
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- href="http://groups.google.com/group/ruby-optimization">groups.google.com/group/ruby-optimization</a>
608
- or start a github issue.</p>
609
- </main>
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-
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-
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