ruby-on-quails 0.1.0

data/activerecord/test/cases/relation_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "cases/helper"
+require "models/post"
+require "models/comment"
+require "models/author"
+require "models/rating"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class RelationTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    fixtures :posts, :comments, :authors, :author_addresses, :ratings
+
+    def test_construction
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert_equal FakeKlass, relation.klass
+      assert_equal :b, relation.table
+      assert !relation.loaded, "relation is not loaded"
+    end
+
+    def test_responds_to_model_and_returns_klass
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert_equal FakeKlass, relation.model
+    end
+
+    def test_initialize_single_values
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      (Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS - [:create_with, :readonly]).each do |method|
+        assert_nil relation.send("#{method}_value"), method.to_s
+      end
+      assert_equal false, relation.readonly_value
+      value = relation.create_with_value
+      assert_equal({}, value)
+      assert_predicate value, :frozen?
+    end
+
+    def test_multi_value_initialize
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS.each do |method|
+        values = relation.send("#{method}_values")
+        assert_equal [], values, method.to_s
+        assert_predicate values, :frozen?, method.to_s
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_extensions
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert_equal [], relation.extensions
+    end
+
+    def test_empty_where_values_hash
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert_equal({}, relation.where_values_hash)
+    end
+
+    def test_has_values
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      relation.where!(id: 10)
+      assert_equal({ "id" => 10 }, relation.where_values_hash)
+    end
+
+    def test_values_wrong_table
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      relation.where! Comment.arel_table[:id].eq(10)
+      assert_equal({}, relation.where_values_hash)
+    end
+
+    def test_tree_is_not_traversed
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      left     = relation.table[:id].eq(10)
+      right    = relation.table[:id].eq(10)
+      combine  = left.and right
+      relation.where! combine
+      assert_equal({}, relation.where_values_hash)
+    end
+
+    def test_table_name_delegates_to_klass
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, Post.predicate_builder)
+      assert_equal "posts", relation.table_name
+    end
+
+    def test_scope_for_create
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert_equal({}, relation.scope_for_create)
+    end
+
+    def test_create_with_value
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      relation.create_with_value = { hello: "world" }
+      assert_equal({ "hello" => "world" }, relation.scope_for_create)
+    end
+
+    def test_create_with_value_with_wheres
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      assert_equal({}, relation.scope_for_create)
+
+      relation.where!(id: 10)
+      assert_equal({ "id" => 10 }, relation.scope_for_create)
+
+      relation.create_with_value = { hello: "world" }
+      assert_equal({ "hello" => "world", "id" => 10 }, relation.scope_for_create)
+    end
+
+    def test_empty_scope
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      assert relation.empty_scope?
+
+      relation.merge!(relation)
+      assert relation.empty_scope?
+    end
+
+    def test_bad_constants_raise_errors
+      assert_raises(NameError) do
+        ActiveRecord::Relation::HelloWorld
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_empty_eager_loading?
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert !relation.eager_loading?
+    end
+
+    def test_eager_load_values
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      relation.eager_load! :b
+      assert relation.eager_loading?
+    end
+
+    def test_references_values
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      assert_equal [], relation.references_values
+      relation = relation.references(:foo).references(:omg, :lol)
+      assert_equal ["foo", "omg", "lol"], relation.references_values
+    end
+
+    def test_references_values_dont_duplicate
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      relation = relation.references(:foo).references(:foo)
+      assert_equal ["foo"], relation.references_values
+    end
+
+    test "merging a hash into a relation" do
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder)
+      relation = relation.merge where: { name: :lol }, readonly: true
+
+      assert_equal({ "name" => :lol }, relation.where_clause.to_h)
+      assert_equal true, relation.readonly_value
+    end
+
+    test "merging an empty hash into a relation" do
+      assert_equal Relation::WhereClause.empty, Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil).merge({}).where_clause
+    end
+
+    test "merging a hash with unknown keys raises" do
+      assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Relation::HashMerger.new(nil, omg: "lol") }
+    end
+
+    test "merging nil or false raises" do
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+
+      e = assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+        relation = relation.merge nil
+      end
+
+      assert_equal "invalid argument: nil.", e.message
+
+      e = assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+        relation = relation.merge false
+      end
+
+      assert_equal "invalid argument: false.", e.message
+    end
+
+    test "#values returns a dup of the values" do
+      relation = Relation.new(Post, Post.arel_table, Post.predicate_builder).where!(name: :foo)
+      values   = relation.values
+
+      values[:where] = nil
+      assert_not_nil relation.where_clause
+    end
+
+    test "relations can be created with a values hash" do
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil, select: [:foo])
+      assert_equal [:foo], relation.select_values
+    end
+
+    test "merging a hash interpolates conditions" do
+      klass = Class.new(FakeKlass) do
+        def self.sanitize_sql(args)
+          raise unless args == ["foo = ?", "bar"]
+          "foo = bar"
+        end
+      end
+
+      relation = Relation.new(klass, :b, nil)
+      relation.merge!(where: ["foo = ?", "bar"])
+      assert_equal Relation::WhereClause.new(["foo = bar"]), relation.where_clause
+    end
+
+    def test_merging_readonly_false
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+      readonly_false_relation = relation.readonly(false)
+      # test merging in both directions
+      assert_equal false, relation.merge(readonly_false_relation).readonly_value
+      assert_equal false, readonly_false_relation.merge(relation).readonly_value
+    end
+
+    def test_relation_merging_with_merged_joins_as_symbols
+      special_comments_with_ratings = SpecialComment.joins(:ratings)
+      posts_with_special_comments_with_ratings = Post.group("posts.id").joins(:special_comments).merge(special_comments_with_ratings)
+      assert_equal({ 4 => 2 }, authors(:david).posts.merge(posts_with_special_comments_with_ratings).count)
+    end
+
+    def test_relation_merging_with_merged_symbol_joins_keeps_inner_joins
+      queries = capture_sql { Author.joins(:posts).merge(Post.joins(:comments)).to_a }
+
+      nb_inner_join = queries.sum { |sql| sql.scan(/INNER\s+JOIN/i).size }
+      assert_equal 2, nb_inner_join, "Wrong amount of INNER JOIN in query"
+      assert queries.none? { |sql| /LEFT\s+(OUTER)?\s+JOIN/i.match?(sql) }, "Shouldn't have any LEFT JOIN in query"
+    end
+
+    def test_relation_merging_with_merged_symbol_joins_has_correct_size_and_count
+      # Has one entry per comment
+      merged_authors_with_commented_posts_relation = Author.joins(:posts).merge(Post.joins(:comments))
+
+      post_ids_with_author = Post.joins(:author).pluck(:id)
+      manual_comments_on_post_that_have_author = Comment.where(post_id: post_ids_with_author).pluck(:id)
+
+      assert_equal manual_comments_on_post_that_have_author.size, merged_authors_with_commented_posts_relation.count
+      assert_equal manual_comments_on_post_that_have_author.size, merged_authors_with_commented_posts_relation.to_a.size
+    end
+
+    def test_relation_merging_with_joins_as_join_dependency_pick_proper_parent
+      post = Post.create!(title: "haha", body: "huhu")
+      comment = post.comments.create!(body: "hu")
+      3.times { comment.ratings.create! }
+
+      relation = Post.joins(:comments).merge Comment.joins(:ratings)
+
+      assert_equal 3, relation.where(id: post.id).pluck(:id).size
+    end
+
+    def test_merge_raises_with_invalid_argument
+      assert_raises ArgumentError do
+        relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+        relation.merge(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_respond_to_for_non_selected_element
+      post = Post.select(:title).first
+      assert_equal false, post.respond_to?(:body), "post should not respond_to?(:body) since invoking it raises exception"
+
+      silence_warnings { post = Post.select("'title' as post_title").first }
+      assert_equal false, post.respond_to?(:title), "post should not respond_to?(:body) since invoking it raises exception"
+    end
+
+    def test_select_quotes_when_using_from_clause
+      skip_if_sqlite3_version_includes_quoting_bug
+      quoted_join = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote_table_name("join")
+      selected = Post.select(:join).from(Post.select("id as #{quoted_join}")).map(&:join)
+      assert_equal Post.pluck(:id), selected
+    end
+
+    def test_selecting_aliased_attribute_quotes_column_name_when_from_is_used
+      skip_if_sqlite3_version_includes_quoting_bug
+      klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+        self.table_name = :test_with_keyword_column_name
+        alias_attribute :description, :desc
+      end
+      klass.create!(description: "foo")
+
+      assert_equal ["foo"], klass.select(:description).from(klass.all).map(&:desc)
+    end
+
+    def test_relation_merging_with_merged_joins_as_strings
+      join_string = "LEFT OUTER JOIN #{Rating.quoted_table_name} ON #{SpecialComment.quoted_table_name}.id = #{Rating.quoted_table_name}.comment_id"
+      special_comments_with_ratings = SpecialComment.joins join_string
+      posts_with_special_comments_with_ratings = Post.group("posts.id").joins(:special_comments).merge(special_comments_with_ratings)
+      assert_equal({ 2 => 1, 4 => 3, 5 => 1 }, authors(:david).posts.merge(posts_with_special_comments_with_ratings).count)
+    end
+
+    class EnsureRoundTripTypeCasting < ActiveRecord::Type::Value
+      def type
+        :string
+      end
+
+      def deserialize(value)
+        raise value unless value == "type cast for database"
+        "type cast from database"
+      end
+
+      def serialize(value)
+        raise value unless value == "value from user"
+        "type cast for database"
+      end
+    end
+
+    class UpdateAllTestModel < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.table_name = "posts"
+
+      attribute :body, EnsureRoundTripTypeCasting.new
+    end
+
+    def test_update_all_goes_through_normal_type_casting
+      UpdateAllTestModel.update_all(body: "value from user", type: nil) # No STI
+
+      assert_equal "type cast from database", UpdateAllTestModel.first.body
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      def skip_if_sqlite3_version_includes_quoting_bug
+        if sqlite3_version_includes_quoting_bug?
+          skip <<-ERROR.squish
+            You are using an outdated version of SQLite3 which has a bug in
+            quoted column names. Please update SQLite3 and rebuild the sqlite3
+            ruby gem
+          ERROR
+        end
+      end
+
+      def sqlite3_version_includes_quoting_bug?
+        if current_adapter?(:SQLite3Adapter)
+          selected_quoted_column_names = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.exec_query(
+            'SELECT "join" FROM (SELECT id AS "join" FROM posts) subquery'
+          ).columns
+          ["join"] != selected_quoted_column_names
+        end
+      end
+  end
+end

data/activerecord/test/cases/relations_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1923 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "cases/helper"
+require "models/tag"
+require "models/tagging"
+require "models/post"
+require "models/topic"
+require "models/comment"
+require "models/author"
+require "models/entrant"
+require "models/developer"
+require "models/computer"
+require "models/reply"
+require "models/company"
+require "models/bird"
+require "models/car"
+require "models/engine"
+require "models/tyre"
+require "models/minivan"
+require "models/possession"
+require "models/reader"
+require "models/categorization"
+require "models/edge"
+
+class RelationTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :authors, :author_addresses, :topics, :entrants, :developers, :companies, :developers_projects, :accounts, :categories, :categorizations, :posts, :comments,
+    :tags, :taggings, :cars, :minivans
+
+  class TopicWithCallbacks < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = :topics
+    before_update { |topic| topic.author_name = "David" if topic.author_name.blank? }
+  end
+
+  def test_do_not_double_quote_string_id
+    van = Minivan.last
+    assert van
+    assert_equal van.id, Minivan.where(minivan_id: van).to_a.first.minivan_id
+  end
+
+  def test_do_not_double_quote_string_id_with_array
+    van = Minivan.last
+    assert van
+    assert_equal van, Minivan.where(minivan_id: [van]).to_a.first
+  end
+
+  def test_two_scopes_with_includes_should_not_drop_any_include
+    # heat habtm cache
+    car = Car.incl_engines.incl_tyres.first
+    car.tyres.length
+    car.engines.length
+
+    car = Car.incl_engines.incl_tyres.first
+    assert_no_queries { car.tyres.length }
+    assert_no_queries { car.engines.length }
+  end
+
+  def test_dynamic_finder
+    x = Post.where("author_id = ?", 1)
+    assert x.klass.respond_to?(:find_by_id), "@klass should handle dynamic finders"
+  end
+
+  def test_multivalue_where
+    posts = Post.where("author_id = ? AND id = ?", 1, 1)
+    assert_equal 1, posts.to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_scoped
+    topics = Topic.all
+    assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::Relation, topics
+    assert_equal 5, topics.size
+  end
+
+  def test_to_json
+    assert_nothing_raised  { Bird.all.to_json }
+    assert_nothing_raised  { Bird.all.to_a.to_json }
+  end
+
+  def test_to_yaml
+    assert_nothing_raised  { Bird.all.to_yaml }
+    assert_nothing_raised  { Bird.all.to_a.to_yaml }
+  end
+
+  def test_to_xml
+    assert_nothing_raised  { Bird.all.to_xml }
+    assert_nothing_raised  { Bird.all.to_a.to_xml }
+  end
+
+  def test_scoped_all
+    topics = Topic.all.to_a
+    assert_kind_of Array, topics
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal 5, topics.size }
+  end
+
+  def test_loaded_all
+    topics = Topic.all
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      2.times { assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size }
+    end
+
+    assert topics.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_scoped_first
+    topics = Topic.all.order("id ASC")
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      2.times { assert_equal "The First Topic", topics.first.title }
+    end
+
+    assert ! topics.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_loaded_first
+    topics = Topic.all.order("id ASC")
+    topics.load # force load
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal "The First Topic", topics.first.title
+    end
+
+    assert topics.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_loaded_first_with_limit
+    topics = Topic.all.order("id ASC")
+    topics.load # force load
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal ["The First Topic",
+                    "The Second Topic of the day"], topics.first(2).map(&:title)
+    end
+
+    assert topics.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_first_get_more_than_available
+    topics = Topic.all.order("id ASC")
+    unloaded_first = topics.first(10)
+    topics.load # force load
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      loaded_first = topics.first(10)
+      assert_equal unloaded_first, loaded_first
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_reload
+    topics = Topic.all
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      2.times { topics.to_a }
+    end
+
+    assert topics.loaded?
+
+    original_size = topics.to_a.size
+    Topic.create! title: "fake"
+
+    assert_queries(1) { topics.reload }
+    assert_equal original_size + 1, topics.size
+    assert topics.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_subquery
+    relation = Topic.where(approved: true)
+    assert_equal relation.to_a, Topic.select("*").from(relation).to_a
+    assert_equal relation.to_a, Topic.select("subquery.*").from(relation).to_a
+    assert_equal relation.to_a, Topic.select("a.*").from(relation, :a).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_subquery_with_binds
+    relation = Post.first.comments
+    assert_equal relation.to_a, Comment.select("*").from(relation).to_a
+    assert_equal relation.to_a, Comment.select("subquery.*").from(relation).to_a
+    assert_equal relation.to_a, Comment.select("a.*").from(relation, :a).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_subquery_without_select_does_not_change_the_select
+    relation = Topic.where(approved: true)
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+      Topic.from(relation).to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_select_with_subquery_in_from_does_not_use_original_table_name
+    relation = Comment.group(:type).select("COUNT(post_id) AS post_count, type")
+    subquery = Comment.from(relation).select("type", "post_count")
+    assert_equal(relation.map(&:post_count).sort, subquery.map(&:post_count).sort)
+  end
+
+  def test_group_with_subquery_in_from_does_not_use_original_table_name
+    relation = Comment.group(:type).select("COUNT(post_id) AS post_count,type")
+    subquery = Comment.from(relation).group("type").average("post_count")
+    assert_equal(relation.map(&:post_count).sort, subquery.values.sort)
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_conditions
+    assert_equal ["David"], Author.where(name: "David").map(&:name)
+    assert_equal ["Mary"],  Author.where(["name = ?", "Mary"]).map(&:name)
+    assert_equal ["Mary"],  Author.where("name = ?", "Mary").map(&:name)
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_order
+    topics = Topic.order("id")
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:first).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_arel_order
+    topics = Topic.order(Topic.arel_table[:id].asc)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:first).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_assoc_order
+    topics = Topic.order(id: :desc)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_arel_assoc_order
+    topics = Topic.order(Arel.sql("id") => :desc)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_reversed_assoc_order
+    topics = Topic.order(id: :asc).reverse_order
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_reversed_arel_assoc_order
+    topics = Topic.order(Arel.sql("id") => :asc).reverse_order
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_order_with_function
+    topics = Topic.order("length(title)").reverse_order
+    assert_equal topics(:second).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_arel_assoc_order_with_function
+    topics = Topic.order(Arel.sql("length(title)") => :asc).reverse_order
+    assert_equal topics(:second).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_order_with_function_other_predicates
+    topics = Topic.order("author_name, length(title), id").reverse_order
+    assert_equal topics(:second).title, topics.first.title
+    topics = Topic.order("length(author_name), id, length(title)").reverse_order
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_order_with_multiargument_function
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order("concat(author_name, title)").reverse_order
+    end
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order("concat(lower(author_name), title)").reverse_order
+    end
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order("concat(author_name, lower(title))").reverse_order
+    end
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order("concat(lower(author_name), title, length(title)").reverse_order
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_arel_assoc_order_with_multiargument_function
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Topic.order(Arel.sql("REPLACE(title, '', '')") => :asc).reverse_order
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_order_with_nulls_first_or_last
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order("title NULLS FIRST").reverse_order
+    end
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order("title nulls last").reverse_order
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_default_reverse_order_on_table_without_primary_key
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Edge.all.reverse_order
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_order_with_hash_and_symbol_generates_the_same_sql
+    assert_equal Topic.order(:id).to_sql, Topic.order(id: :asc).to_sql
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_desc_order_with_string
+    topics = Topic.order(id: "desc")
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal [topics(:fifth), topics(:fourth), topics(:third), topics(:second), topics(:first)], topics.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_asc_order_with_string
+    topics = Topic.order(id: "asc")
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal [topics(:first), topics(:second), topics(:third), topics(:fourth), topics(:fifth)], topics.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_support_upper_and_lower_case_directions
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: "ASC").to_sql, "ASC"
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: "asc").to_sql, "ASC"
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: :ASC).to_sql, "ASC"
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: :asc).to_sql, "ASC"
+
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: "DESC").to_sql, "DESC"
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: "desc").to_sql, "DESC"
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: :DESC).to_sql, "DESC"
+    assert_includes Topic.order(id: :desc).to_sql, "DESC"
+  end
+
+  def test_raising_exception_on_invalid_hash_params
+    e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.order(:name, "id DESC", id: :asfsdf) }
+    assert_equal 'Direction "asfsdf" is invalid. Valid directions are: [:asc, :desc, :ASC, :DESC, "asc", "desc", "ASC", "DESC"]', e.message
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_last_with_arel_order
+    topics = Topic.order(Topic.arel_table[:id].asc)
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.last.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_order_concatenated
+    topics = Topic.order("author_name").order("title")
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_order_by_aliased_attributes
+    topics = Topic.order(:heading)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_assoc_order_by_aliased_attributes
+    topics = Topic.order(heading: :desc)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:third).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_reorder
+    topics = Topic.order("author_name").order("title").reorder("id").to_a
+    topics_titles = topics.map(&:title)
+    assert_equal ["The First Topic", "The Second Topic of the day", "The Third Topic of the day", "The Fourth Topic of the day", "The Fifth Topic of the day"], topics_titles
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_reorder_by_aliased_attributes
+    topics = Topic.order("author_name").reorder(:heading)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_assoc_reorder_by_aliased_attributes
+    topics = Topic.order("author_name").reorder(heading: :desc)
+    assert_equal 5, topics.to_a.size
+    assert_equal topics(:third).title, topics.first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_order_and_take
+    entrants = Entrant.order("id ASC").limit(2).to_a
+
+    assert_equal 2, entrants.size
+    assert_equal entrants(:first).name, entrants.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_cross_table_order_and_limit
+    tags = Tag.includes(:taggings).
+              order("tags.name asc", "taggings.taggable_id asc", "REPLACE('abc', taggings.taggable_type, taggings.taggable_type)").
+              limit(1).to_a
+    assert_equal 1, tags.length
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_complex_order_and_limit
+    tags = Tag.includes(:taggings).references(:taggings).order("REPLACE('abc', taggings.taggable_type, taggings.taggable_type)").limit(1).to_a
+    assert_equal 1, tags.length
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_complex_order
+    tags = Tag.includes(:taggings).references(:taggings).order("REPLACE('abc', taggings.taggable_type, taggings.taggable_type)").to_a
+    assert_equal 3, tags.length
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_sanitized_order
+    query = Tag.order(["field(id, ?)", [1, 3, 2]]).to_sql
+    assert_match(/field\(id, 1,3,2\)/, query)
+
+    query = Tag.order(["field(id, ?)", []]).to_sql
+    assert_match(/field\(id, NULL\)/, query)
+
+    query = Tag.order(["field(id, ?)", nil]).to_sql
+    assert_match(/field\(id, NULL\)/, query)
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_order_limit_and_offset
+    entrants = Entrant.order("id ASC").limit(2).offset(1)
+
+    assert_equal 2, entrants.to_a.size
+    assert_equal entrants(:second).name, entrants.first.name
+
+    entrants = Entrant.order("id ASC").limit(2).offset(2)
+    assert_equal 1, entrants.to_a.size
+    assert_equal entrants(:third).name, entrants.first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_group
+    developers = Developer.group("salary").select("salary").to_a
+    assert_equal 4, developers.size
+    assert_equal 4, developers.map(&:salary).uniq.size
+  end
+
+  def test_select_with_block
+    even_ids = Developer.all.select { |d| d.id % 2 == 0 }.map(&:id)
+    assert_equal [2, 4, 6, 8, 10], even_ids.sort
+  end
+
+  def test_joins_with_nil_argument
+    assert_nothing_raised { DependentFirm.joins(nil).first }
+  end
+
+  def test_finding_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table
+    firms = DependentFirm.joins(:account).where(name: "QuailsCore", accounts: { credit_limit: 55..60 }).to_a
+    assert_equal 1, firms.size
+    assert_equal companies(:quails_core), firms.first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_with_join
+    developers_on_project_one = Developer.joins("LEFT JOIN developers_projects ON developers.id = developers_projects.developer_id").
+      where("project_id=1").to_a
+
+    assert_equal 3, developers_on_project_one.length
+    developer_names = developers_on_project_one.map(&:name)
+    assert_includes developer_names, "David"
+    assert_includes developer_names, "Jamis"
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions
+    assert_equal Topic.all.merge!(where: { approved: false }).to_a, Topic.where(approved: false).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_joins_with_string_array
+    person_with_reader_and_post = Post.joins([
+        "INNER JOIN categorizations ON categorizations.post_id = posts.id",
+        "INNER JOIN categories ON categories.id = categorizations.category_id AND categories.type = 'SpecialCategory'"
+      ]
+    ).to_a
+    assert_equal 1, person_with_reader_and_post.size
+  end
+
+  def test_no_arguments_to_query_methods_raise_errors
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Topic.references() }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Topic.includes() }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Topic.preload() }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Topic.group() }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Topic.reorder() }
+  end
+
+  def test_blank_like_arguments_to_query_methods_dont_raise_errors
+    assert_nothing_raised { Topic.references([]) }
+    assert_nothing_raised { Topic.includes([]) }
+    assert_nothing_raised { Topic.preload([]) }
+    assert_nothing_raised { Topic.group([]) }
+    assert_nothing_raised { Topic.reorder([]) }
+  end
+
+  def test_respond_to_delegates_to_arel
+    relation = Topic.all
+    fake_arel = Struct.new(:responds) {
+      def respond_to?(method, access = false)
+        responds << [method, access]
+      end
+    }.new []
+
+    relation.extend(Module.new { attr_accessor :arel })
+    relation.arel = fake_arel
+
+    relation.respond_to?(:matching_attributes)
+    assert_equal [:matching_attributes, false], fake_arel.responds.first
+  end
+
+  def test_respond_to_dynamic_finders
+    relation = Topic.all
+
+    ["find_by_title", "find_by_title_and_author_name"].each do |method|
+      assert_respond_to relation, method, "Topic.all should respond to #{method.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_respond_to_class_methods_and_scopes
+    assert Topic.all.respond_to?(:by_lifo)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_readonly_option
+    Developer.all.each { |d| assert !d.readonly? }
+    Developer.all.readonly.each { |d| assert d.readonly? }
+  end
+
+  def test_eager_association_loading_of_stis_with_multiple_references
+    authors = Author.eager_load(posts: { special_comments: { post: [ :special_comments, :very_special_comment ] } }).
+      order("comments.body, very_special_comments_posts.body").where("posts.id = 4").to_a
+
+    assert_equal [authors(:david)], authors
+    assert_no_queries do
+      authors.first.posts.first.special_comments.first.post.special_comments
+      authors.first.posts.first.special_comments.first.post.very_special_comment
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_preloaded_associations
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.preload(:comments).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.comments.first
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.preload(:comments).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.comments.first
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.preload(:author).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.author
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.preload(:author).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.author
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(3) do
+      posts = Post.preload(:author, :comments).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.author
+      assert posts.first.comments.first
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preload_applies_to_all_chained_preloaded_scopes
+    assert_queries(3) do
+      post = Post.with_comments.with_tags.first
+      assert post
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_included_associations
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.includes(:comments).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.comments.first
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.all.includes(:comments).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.comments.first
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      posts = Post.includes(:author).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.author
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(3) do
+      posts = Post.includes(:author, :comments).order("posts.id")
+      assert posts.first.author
+      assert posts.first.comments.first
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_default_scoping_finder_methods
+    developers = DeveloperCalledDavid.order("id").map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal Developer.where(name: "David").map(&:id).sort, developers
+  end
+
+  def test_includes_with_select
+    query = Post.select("comments_count AS ranking").order("ranking").includes(:comments)
+      .where(comments: { id: 1 })
+
+    assert_equal ["comments_count AS ranking"], query.select_values
+    assert_equal 1, query.to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_preloading_with_associations_and_merges
+    post = Post.create! title: "Uhuu", body: "body"
+    reader = Reader.create! post_id: post.id, person_id: 1
+    comment = Comment.create! post_id: post.id, body: "body"
+
+    assert !comment.respond_to?(:readers)
+
+    post_rel = Post.preload(:readers).joins(:readers).where(title: "Uhuu")
+    result_comment = Comment.joins(:post).merge(post_rel).to_a.first
+    assert_equal comment, result_comment
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal post, result_comment.post
+      assert_equal [reader], result_comment.post.readers.to_a
+    end
+
+    post_rel = Post.includes(:readers).where(title: "Uhuu")
+    result_comment = Comment.joins(:post).merge(post_rel).first
+    assert_equal comment, result_comment
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal post, result_comment.post
+      assert_equal [reader], result_comment.post.readers.to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preloading_with_associations_default_scopes_and_merges
+    post = Post.create! title: "Uhuu", body: "body"
+    reader = Reader.create! post_id: post.id, person_id: 1
+
+    post_rel = PostWithPreloadDefaultScope.preload(:readers).joins(:readers).where(title: "Uhuu")
+    result_post = PostWithPreloadDefaultScope.all.merge(post_rel).to_a.first
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal [reader], result_post.readers.to_a
+    end
+
+    post_rel = PostWithIncludesDefaultScope.includes(:readers).where(title: "Uhuu")
+    result_post = PostWithIncludesDefaultScope.all.merge(post_rel).to_a.first
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal [reader], result_post.readers.to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_loading_with_one_association
+    posts = Post.preload(:comments)
+    post = posts.find { |p| p.id == 1 }
+    assert_equal 2, post.comments.size
+    assert_includes post.comments, comments(:greetings)
+
+    post = Post.where("posts.title = 'Welcome to the weblog'").preload(:comments).first
+    assert_equal 2, post.comments.size
+    assert_includes post.comments, comments(:greetings)
+
+    posts = Post.preload(:last_comment)
+    post = posts.find { |p| p.id == 1 }
+    assert_equal Post.find(1).last_comment, post.last_comment
+  end
+
+  def test_to_sql_on_eager_join
+    expected = assert_sql {
+      Post.eager_load(:last_comment).order("comments.id DESC").to_a
+    }.first
+    actual = Post.eager_load(:last_comment).order("comments.id DESC").to_sql
+    assert_equal expected, actual
+  end
+
+  def test_to_sql_on_scoped_proxy
+    auth = Author.first
+    Post.where("1=1").written_by(auth)
+    assert_not auth.posts.to_sql.include?("1=1")
+  end
+
+  def test_loading_with_one_association_with_non_preload
+    posts = Post.eager_load(:last_comment).order("comments.id DESC")
+    post = posts.find { |p| p.id == 1 }
+    assert_equal Post.find(1).last_comment, post.last_comment
+  end
+
+  def test_dynamic_find_by_attributes
+    david = authors(:david)
+    author = Author.preload(:taggings).find_by_id(david.id)
+    expected_taggings = taggings(:welcome_general, :thinking_general)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal expected_taggings, author.taggings.uniq.sort_by(&:id)
+    end
+
+    authors = Author.all
+    assert_equal david, authors.find_by_id_and_name(david.id, david.name)
+    assert_equal david, authors.find_by_id_and_name!(david.id, david.name)
+  end
+
+  def test_dynamic_find_by_attributes_bang
+    author = Author.all.find_by_id!(authors(:david).id)
+    assert_equal "David", author.name
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Author.all.find_by_id_and_name!(20, "invalid") }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_id
+    authors = Author.all
+
+    david = authors.find(authors(:david).id)
+    assert_equal "David", david.name
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors.where(name: "lifo").find("42") }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_ids
+    authors = Author.order("id ASC")
+
+    results = authors.find(authors(:david).id, authors(:mary).id)
+    assert_kind_of Array, results
+    assert_equal 2, results.size
+    assert_equal "David", results[0].name
+    assert_equal "Mary", results[1].name
+    assert_equal results, authors.find([authors(:david).id, authors(:mary).id])
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors.where(name: "lifo").find(authors(:david).id, "42") }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { authors.find(["42", 43]) }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_in_empty_array
+    authors = Author.all.where(id: [])
+    assert authors.to_a.blank?
+  end
+
+  def test_where_with_ar_object
+    author = Author.first
+    authors = Author.all.where(id: author)
+    assert_equal 1, authors.to_a.length
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_list_of_ar
+    author = Author.first
+    authors = Author.find([author.id])
+    assert_equal author, authors.first
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_id_with_list_of_ar
+    author = Author.first
+    authors = Author.find_by_id([author])
+    assert_equal author, authors
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_twice_should_or_the_relation
+    david = authors(:david)
+    relation = Author.unscoped
+    relation = relation.where(name: david.name)
+    relation = relation.where(name: "Santiago")
+    relation = relation.where(id: david.id)
+    assert_equal [], relation.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_multi_where_ands_queries
+    relation = Author.unscoped
+    david = authors(:david)
+    sql = relation.where(name: david.name).where(name: "Santiago").to_sql
+    assert_match("AND", sql)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_with_multiple_should_use_and
+    david = authors(:david)
+    relation = [
+      { name: david.name },
+      { name: "Santiago" },
+      { name: "tenderlove" },
+    ].inject(Author.unscoped) do |memo, param|
+      memo.where(param)
+    end
+    assert_equal [], relation.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_typecasting_where_with_array
+    ids = Author.pluck(:id)
+    slugs = ids.map { |id| "#{id}-as-a-slug" }
+
+    assert_equal Author.all.to_a, Author.where(id: slugs).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_with_relation
+    david = authors(:david)
+    # switching the lines below would succeed in current quails
+    # assert_queries(2) {
+    assert_queries(1) {
+      relation = Author.where(id: Author.where(id: david.id))
+      assert_equal [david], relation.to_a
+    }
+
+    assert_queries(1) {
+      relation = Author.where("id in (?)", Author.where(id: david).select(:id))
+      assert_equal [david], relation.to_a
+    }
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      relation = Author.where("id in (:author_ids)", author_ids: Author.where(id: david).select(:id))
+      assert_equal [david], relation.to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_with_relation_with_bound_values
+    david = authors(:david)
+    davids_posts = david.posts.order(:id).to_a
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      relation = Post.where(id: david.posts.select(:id))
+      assert_equal davids_posts, relation.order(:id).to_a
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      relation = Post.where("id in (?)", david.posts.select(:id))
+      assert_equal davids_posts, relation.order(:id).to_a, "should process Relation as bind variables"
+    end
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      relation = Post.where("id in (:post_ids)", post_ids: david.posts.select(:id))
+      assert_equal davids_posts, relation.order(:id).to_a, "should process Relation as named bind variables"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_with_relation_and_alternate_primary_key
+    cool_first = minivans(:cool_first)
+    # switching the lines below would succeed in current quails
+    # assert_queries(2) {
+    assert_queries(1) {
+      relation = Minivan.where(minivan_id: Minivan.where(name: cool_first.name))
+      assert_equal [cool_first], relation.to_a
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_with_relation_does_not_alter_select_values
+    david = authors(:david)
+
+    subquery = Author.where(id: david.id)
+
+    assert_queries(1) {
+      relation = Author.where(id: subquery)
+      assert_equal [david], relation.to_a
+    }
+
+    assert_equal 0, subquery.select_values.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_with_relation_with_joins
+    david = authors(:david)
+    assert_queries(1) {
+      relation = Author.where(id: Author.joins(:posts).where(id: david.id))
+      assert_equal [david], relation.to_a
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_all_using_where_with_relation_with_select_to_build_subquery
+    david = authors(:david)
+    assert_queries(1) {
+      relation = Author.where(name: Author.where(id: david.id).select(:name))
+      assert_equal [david], relation.to_a
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_exists
+    davids = Author.where(name: "David")
+    assert davids.exists?
+    assert davids.exists?(authors(:david).id)
+    assert ! davids.exists?(authors(:mary).id)
+    assert ! davids.exists?("42")
+    assert ! davids.exists?(42)
+    assert ! davids.exists?(davids.new.id)
+
+    fake = Author.where(name: "fake author")
+    assert ! fake.exists?
+    assert ! fake.exists?(authors(:david).id)
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_uses_existing_scope
+    post = authors(:david).posts.first
+    authors = Author.includes(:posts).where(name: "David", posts: { id: post.id })
+    assert authors.exists?(authors(:david).id)
+  end
+
+  def test_any_with_scope_on_hash_includes
+    post = authors(:david).posts.first
+    categories = Categorization.includes(author: :posts).where(posts: { id: post.id })
+    assert categories.exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_last
+    authors = Author.all
+    assert_equal authors(:bob), authors.last
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_all
+    davids = Author.where(name: "David")
+
+    # Force load
+    assert_equal [authors(:david)], davids.to_a
+    assert davids.loaded?
+
+    assert_difference("Author.count", -1) { davids.destroy_all }
+
+    assert_equal [], davids.to_a
+    assert davids.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all
+    davids = Author.where(name: "David")
+
+    assert_difference("Author.count", -1) { davids.delete_all }
+    assert ! davids.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_loaded
+    davids = Author.where(name: "David")
+
+    # Force load
+    assert_equal [authors(:david)], davids.to_a
+    assert davids.loaded?
+
+    assert_difference("Author.count", -1) { davids.delete_all }
+
+    assert_equal [], davids.to_a
+    assert davids.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_all_with_unpermitted_relation_raises_error
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) { Author.limit(10).delete_all }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) { Author.distinct.delete_all }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) { Author.group(:name).delete_all }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) { Author.having("SUM(id) < 3").delete_all }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) { Author.offset(10).delete_all }
+  end
+
+  def test_select_with_aggregates
+    posts = Post.select(:title, :body)
+
+    assert_equal 11, posts.count(:all)
+    assert_equal 11, posts.size
+    assert posts.any?
+    assert posts.many?
+    assert_not posts.empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_select_takes_a_variable_list_of_args
+    david = developers(:david)
+
+    developer = Developer.where(id: david.id).select(:name, :salary).first
+    assert_equal david.name, developer.name
+    assert_equal david.salary, developer.salary
+  end
+
+  def test_select_takes_an_aliased_attribute
+    first = topics(:first)
+
+    topic = Topic.where(id: first.id).select(:heading).first
+    assert_equal first.heading, topic.heading
+  end
+
+  def test_select_argument_error
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Developer.select }
+  end
+
+  def test_count
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert_equal 11, posts.count
+    assert_equal 11, posts.count(:all)
+    assert_equal 11, posts.count(:id)
+
+    assert_equal 1, posts.where("comments_count > 1").count
+    assert_equal 9, posts.where(comments_count: 0).count
+  end
+
+  def test_count_with_block
+    posts = Post.all
+    assert_equal 10, posts.count { |p| p.comments_count.even? }
+  end
+
+  def test_count_on_association_relation
+    author = Author.last
+    another_author = Author.first
+    posts = Post.where(author_id: author.id)
+
+    assert_equal author.posts.where(author_id: author.id).size, posts.count
+
+    assert_equal 0, author.posts.where(author_id: another_author.id).size
+    assert author.posts.where(author_id: another_author.id).empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_count_with_distinct
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert_equal 3, posts.distinct(true).count(:comments_count)
+    assert_equal 11, posts.distinct(false).count(:comments_count)
+
+    assert_equal 3, posts.distinct(true).select(:comments_count).count
+    assert_equal 11, posts.distinct(false).select(:comments_count).count
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_scope
+    tag = Tag.first
+    Post.tagged_with(tag.id).update_all title: "rofl"
+    list = Post.tagged_with(tag.id).all.to_a
+    assert_operator list.length, :>, 0
+    list.each { |post| assert_equal "rofl", post.title }
+  end
+
+  def test_count_explicit_columns
+    Post.update_all(comments_count: nil)
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert_equal [0], posts.select("comments_count").where("id is not null").group("id").order("id").count.values.uniq
+    assert_equal 0, posts.where("id is not null").select("comments_count").count
+
+    assert_equal 11, posts.select("comments_count").count("id")
+    assert_equal 0, posts.select("comments_count").count
+    assert_equal 0, posts.count(:comments_count)
+    assert_equal 0, posts.count("comments_count")
+  end
+
+  def test_multiple_selects
+    post = Post.all.select("comments_count").select("title").order("id ASC").first
+    assert_equal "Welcome to the weblog", post.title
+    assert_equal 2, post.comments_count
+  end
+
+  def test_size
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal 11, posts.size }
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    best_posts = posts.where(comments_count: 0)
+    best_posts.load # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal 9, best_posts.size }
+  end
+
+  def test_size_with_limit
+    posts = Post.limit(10)
+
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal 10, posts.size }
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    best_posts = posts.where(comments_count: 0)
+    best_posts.load # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal 9, best_posts.size }
+  end
+
+  def test_size_with_zero_limit
+    posts = Post.limit(0)
+
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal 0, posts.size }
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    posts.load # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal 0, posts.size }
+  end
+
+  def test_empty_with_zero_limit
+    posts = Post.limit(0)
+
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal true, posts.empty? }
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_count_complex_chained_relations
+    posts = Post.select("comments_count").where("id is not null").group("author_id").where("comments_count > 0")
+
+    expected = { 1 => 2 }
+    assert_equal expected, posts.count
+  end
+
+  def test_empty
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal false, posts.empty? }
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    no_posts = posts.where(title: "")
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal true, no_posts.empty? }
+    assert ! no_posts.loaded?
+
+    best_posts = posts.where(comments_count: 0)
+    best_posts.load # force load
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, best_posts.empty? }
+  end
+
+  def test_empty_complex_chained_relations
+    posts = Post.select("comments_count").where("id is not null").group("author_id").where("comments_count > 0")
+
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal false, posts.empty? }
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    no_posts = posts.where(title: "")
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal true, no_posts.empty? }
+    assert ! no_posts.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_any
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    # This test was failing when run on its own (as opposed to running the entire suite).
+    # The second line in the assert_queries block was causing visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute
+    # in Arel::Visitors::ToSql to trigger a SHOW TABLES query. Running that line here causes
+    # the SHOW TABLES result to be cached so we don't have to do it again in the block.
+    #
+    # This is obviously a rubbish fix but it's the best I can come up with for now...
+    posts.where(id: nil).any?
+
+    assert_queries(3) do
+      assert posts.any? # Uses COUNT()
+      assert ! posts.where(id: nil).any?
+
+      assert posts.any? { |p| p.id > 0 }
+      assert ! posts.any? { |p| p.id <= 0 }
+    end
+
+    assert posts.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_many
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert_queries(2) do
+      assert posts.many? # Uses COUNT()
+      assert posts.many? { |p| p.id > 0 }
+      assert ! posts.many? { |p| p.id < 2 }
+    end
+
+    assert posts.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_many_with_limits
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    assert posts.many?
+    assert ! posts.limit(1).many?
+  end
+
+  def test_none?
+    posts = Post.all
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      assert ! posts.none? # Uses COUNT()
+    end
+
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      assert posts.none? { |p| p.id < 0 }
+      assert ! posts.none? { |p| p.id == 1 }
+    end
+
+    assert posts.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_one
+    posts = Post.all
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      assert ! posts.one? # Uses COUNT()
+    end
+
+    assert ! posts.loaded?
+
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      assert ! posts.one? { |p| p.id < 3 }
+      assert posts.one? { |p| p.id == 1 }
+    end
+
+    assert posts.loaded?
+  end
+
+  def test_to_a_should_dup_target
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    original_size = posts.size
+    removed = posts.to_a.pop
+
+    assert_equal original_size, posts.size
+    assert_includes posts.to_a, removed
+  end
+
+  def test_build
+    posts = Post.all
+
+    post = posts.new
+    assert_kind_of Post, post
+  end
+
+  def test_scoped_build
+    posts = Post.where(title: "You told a lie")
+
+    post = posts.new
+    assert_kind_of Post, post
+    assert_equal "You told a lie", post.title
+  end
+
+  def test_create
+    birds = Bird.all
+
+    sparrow = birds.create
+    assert_kind_of Bird, sparrow
+    assert !sparrow.persisted?
+
+    hen = birds.where(name: "hen").create
+    assert hen.persisted?
+    assert_equal "hen", hen.name
+  end
+
+  def test_create_bang
+    birds = Bird.all
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { birds.create! }
+
+    hen = birds.where(name: "hen").create!
+    assert_kind_of Bird, hen
+    assert hen.persisted?
+    assert_equal "hen", hen.name
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create(name: "parrot")
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal "parrot", parrot.name
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+
+    same_parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create(name: "parakeet")
+    assert_kind_of Bird, same_parrot
+    assert same_parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal parrot, same_parrot
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_with_no_parameters
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert !parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_with_block
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create { |bird| bird.name = "parrot" }
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+    assert_equal "parrot", parrot.name
+
+    same_parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create { |bird| bird.name = "parakeet" }
+    assert_equal parrot, same_parrot
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_with_array
+    several_green_birds = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create([{ name: "parrot" }, { name: "parakeet" }])
+    assert_kind_of Array, several_green_birds
+    several_green_birds.each { |bird| assert bird.persisted? }
+
+    same_parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create([{ name: "hummingbird" }, { name: "macaw" }])
+    assert_kind_of Bird, same_parrot
+    assert_equal several_green_birds.first, same_parrot
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_bang_with_valid_options
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create!(name: "parrot")
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal "parrot", parrot.name
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+
+    same_parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create!(name: "parakeet")
+    assert_kind_of Bird, same_parrot
+    assert same_parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal parrot, same_parrot
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_bang_with_invalid_options
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create!(pirate_id: 1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_bang_with_no_parameters
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create! }
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_bang_with_valid_block
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create! { |bird| bird.name = "parrot" }
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert parrot.persisted?
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+    assert_equal "parrot", parrot.name
+
+    same_parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create! { |bird| bird.name = "parakeet" }
+    assert_equal parrot, same_parrot
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_bang_with_invalid_block
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) do
+      Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create! { |bird| bird.pirate_id = 1 }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_with_valid_array
+    several_green_birds = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create!([{ name: "parrot" }, { name: "parakeet" }])
+    assert_kind_of Array, several_green_birds
+    several_green_birds.each { |bird| assert bird.persisted? }
+
+    same_parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create!([{ name: "hummingbird" }, { name: "macaw" }])
+    assert_kind_of Bird, same_parrot
+    assert_equal several_green_birds.first, same_parrot
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_create_with_invalid_array
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_create!([ { name: "parrot" }, { pirate_id: 1 } ]) }
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_initialize
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_initialize(name: "parrot")
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert !parrot.persisted?
+    assert parrot.valid?
+    assert parrot.new_record?
+    assert_equal "parrot", parrot.name
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_initialize_with_no_parameters
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_initialize
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert !parrot.persisted?
+    assert !parrot.valid?
+    assert parrot.new_record?
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+  end
+
+  def test_first_or_initialize_with_block
+    parrot = Bird.where(color: "green").first_or_initialize { |bird| bird.name = "parrot" }
+    assert_kind_of Bird, parrot
+    assert !parrot.persisted?
+    assert parrot.valid?
+    assert parrot.new_record?
+    assert_equal "green", parrot.color
+    assert_equal "parrot", parrot.name
+  end
+
+  def test_find_or_create_by
+    assert_nil Bird.find_by(name: "bob")
+
+    bird = Bird.find_or_create_by(name: "bob")
+    assert bird.persisted?
+
+    assert_equal bird, Bird.find_or_create_by(name: "bob")
+  end
+
+  def test_find_or_create_by_with_create_with
+    assert_nil Bird.find_by(name: "bob")
+
+    bird = Bird.create_with(color: "green").find_or_create_by(name: "bob")
+    assert bird.persisted?
+    assert_equal "green", bird.color
+
+    assert_equal bird, Bird.create_with(color: "blue").find_or_create_by(name: "bob")
+  end
+
+  def test_find_or_create_by!
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { Bird.find_or_create_by!(color: "green") }
+  end
+
+  def test_find_or_initialize_by
+    assert_nil Bird.find_by(name: "bob")
+
+    bird = Bird.find_or_initialize_by(name: "bob")
+    assert bird.new_record?
+    bird.save!
+
+    assert_equal bird, Bird.find_or_initialize_by(name: "bob")
+  end
+
+  def test_explicit_create_with
+    hens = Bird.where(name: "hen")
+    assert_equal "hen", hens.new.name
+
+    hens = hens.create_with(name: "cock")
+    assert_equal "cock", hens.new.name
+  end
+
+  def test_except
+    relation = Post.where(author_id: 1).order("id ASC").limit(1)
+    assert_equal [posts(:welcome)], relation.to_a
+
+    author_posts = relation.except(:order, :limit)
+    assert_equal Post.where(author_id: 1).to_a, author_posts.to_a
+
+    all_posts = relation.except(:where, :order, :limit)
+    assert_equal Post.all, all_posts
+  end
+
+  def test_only
+    relation = Post.where(author_id: 1).order("id ASC").limit(1)
+    assert_equal [posts(:welcome)], relation.to_a
+
+    author_posts = relation.only(:where)
+    assert_equal Post.where(author_id: 1).to_a, author_posts.to_a
+
+    all_posts = relation.only(:limit)
+    assert_equal Post.limit(1).to_a, all_posts.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_anonymous_extension
+    relation = Post.where(author_id: 1).order("id ASC").extending do
+      def author
+        "lifo"
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "lifo", relation.author
+    assert_equal "lifo", relation.limit(1).author
+  end
+
+  def test_named_extension
+    relation = Post.where(author_id: 1).order("id ASC").extending(Post::NamedExtension)
+    assert_equal "lifo", relation.author
+    assert_equal "lifo", relation.limit(1).author
+  end
+
+  def test_order_by_relation_attribute
+    assert_equal Post.order(Post.arel_table[:title]).to_a, Post.order("title").to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_default_scope_order_with_scope_order
+    assert_equal "zyke", CoolCar.order_using_new_style.limit(1).first.name
+    assert_equal "zyke", FastCar.order_using_new_style.limit(1).first.name
+  end
+
+  def test_order_using_scoping
+    car1 = CoolCar.order("id DESC").scoping do
+      CoolCar.all.merge!(order: "id asc").first
+    end
+    assert_equal "zyke", car1.name
+
+    car2 = FastCar.order("id DESC").scoping do
+      FastCar.all.merge!(order: "id asc").first
+    end
+    assert_equal "zyke", car2.name
+  end
+
+  def test_unscoped_block_style
+    assert_equal "honda", CoolCar.unscoped { CoolCar.order_using_new_style.limit(1).first.name }
+    assert_equal "honda", FastCar.unscoped { FastCar.order_using_new_style.limit(1).first.name }
+  end
+
+  def test_intersection_with_array
+    relation = Author.where(name: "David")
+    quails_author = relation.first
+
+    assert_equal [quails_author], [quails_author] & relation
+    assert_equal [quails_author], relation & [quails_author]
+  end
+
+  def test_primary_key
+    assert_equal "id", Post.all.primary_key
+  end
+
+  def test_ordering_with_extra_spaces
+    assert_equal authors(:david), Author.order("id DESC , name DESC").last
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_blank_argument
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Comment.update_all({}) }
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_joins
+    comments = Comment.joins(:post).where("posts.id" => posts(:welcome).id)
+    count    = comments.count
+
+    assert_equal count, comments.update_all(post_id: posts(:thinking).id)
+    assert_equal posts(:thinking), comments(:greetings).post
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_joins_and_limit
+    comments = Comment.joins(:post).where("posts.id" => posts(:welcome).id).limit(1)
+    assert_equal 1, comments.update_all(post_id: posts(:thinking).id)
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_joins_and_limit_and_order
+    comments = Comment.joins(:post).where("posts.id" => posts(:welcome).id).order("comments.id").limit(1)
+    assert_equal 1, comments.update_all(post_id: posts(:thinking).id)
+    assert_equal posts(:thinking), comments(:greetings).post
+    assert_equal posts(:welcome),  comments(:more_greetings).post
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_joins_and_offset
+    all_comments = Comment.joins(:post).where("posts.id" => posts(:welcome).id)
+    count        = all_comments.count
+    comments     = all_comments.offset(1)
+
+    assert_equal count - 1, comments.update_all(post_id: posts(:thinking).id)
+  end
+
+  def test_update_all_with_joins_and_offset_and_order
+    all_comments = Comment.joins(:post).where("posts.id" => posts(:welcome).id).order("posts.id", "comments.id")
+    count        = all_comments.count
+    comments     = all_comments.offset(1)
+
+    assert_equal count - 1, comments.update_all(post_id: posts(:thinking).id)
+    assert_equal posts(:thinking), comments(:more_greetings).post
+    assert_equal posts(:welcome),  comments(:greetings).post
+  end
+
+  def test_update_on_relation
+    topic1 = TopicWithCallbacks.create! title: "arel", author_name: nil
+    topic2 = TopicWithCallbacks.create! title: "activerecord", author_name: nil
+    topics = TopicWithCallbacks.where(id: [topic1.id, topic2.id])
+    topics.update(title: "adequaterecord")
+
+    assert_equal "adequaterecord", topic1.reload.title
+    assert_equal "adequaterecord", topic2.reload.title
+    # Testing that the before_update callbacks have run
+    assert_equal "David", topic1.reload.author_name
+    assert_equal "David", topic2.reload.author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_update_on_relation_passing_active_record_object_is_not_permitted
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "Foo", author_name: nil)
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.where(id: topic.id).update(topic, title: "Bar")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_distinct
+    tag1 = Tag.create(name: "Foo")
+    tag2 = Tag.create(name: "Foo")
+
+    query = Tag.select(:name).where(id: [tag1.id, tag2.id])
+
+    assert_equal ["Foo", "Foo"], query.map(&:name)
+    assert_sql(/DISTINCT/) do
+      assert_equal ["Foo"], query.distinct.map(&:name)
+    end
+    assert_sql(/DISTINCT/) do
+      assert_equal ["Foo"], query.distinct(true).map(&:name)
+    end
+    assert_equal ["Foo", "Foo"], query.distinct(true).distinct(false).map(&:name)
+  end
+
+  def test_doesnt_add_having_values_if_options_are_blank
+    scope = Post.having("")
+    assert scope.having_clause.empty?
+
+    scope = Post.having([])
+    assert scope.having_clause.empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_having_with_binds_for_both_where_and_having
+    post = Post.first
+    having_then_where = Post.having(id: post.id).where(title: post.title).group(:id)
+    where_then_having = Post.where(title: post.title).having(id: post.id).group(:id)
+
+    assert_equal [post], having_then_where
+    assert_equal [post], where_then_having
+  end
+
+  def test_multiple_where_and_having_clauses
+    post = Post.first
+    having_then_where = Post.having(id: post.id).where(title: post.title)
+      .having(id: post.id).where(title: post.title).group(:id)
+
+    assert_equal [post], having_then_where
+  end
+
+  def test_grouping_by_column_with_reserved_name
+    assert_equal [], Possession.select(:where).group(:where).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_references_triggers_eager_loading
+    scope = Post.includes(:comments)
+    assert !scope.eager_loading?
+    assert scope.references(:comments).eager_loading?
+  end
+
+  def test_references_doesnt_trigger_eager_loading_if_reference_not_included
+    scope = Post.references(:comments)
+    assert !scope.eager_loading?
+  end
+
+  def test_automatically_added_where_references
+    scope = Post.where(comments: { body: "Bla" })
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.where("comments.body" => "Bla")
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+  end
+
+  def test_automatically_added_where_not_references
+    scope = Post.where.not(comments: { body: "Bla" })
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.where.not("comments.body" => "Bla")
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+  end
+
+  def test_automatically_added_having_references
+    scope = Post.having(comments: { body: "Bla" })
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.having("comments.body" => "Bla")
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+  end
+
+  def test_automatically_added_order_references
+    scope = Post.order("comments.body")
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.order("#{Comment.quoted_table_name}.#{Comment.quoted_primary_key}")
+    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      assert_equal ["COMMENTS"], scope.references_values
+    else
+      assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+    end
+
+    scope = Post.order("comments.body", "yaks.body")
+    assert_equal ["comments", "yaks"], scope.references_values
+
+    # Don't infer yaks, let's not go down that road again...
+    scope = Post.order("comments.body, yaks.body")
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.order("comments.body asc")
+    assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.order("foo(comments.body)")
+    assert_equal [], scope.references_values
+  end
+
+  def test_automatically_added_reorder_references
+    scope = Post.reorder("comments.body")
+    assert_equal %w(comments), scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.reorder("#{Comment.quoted_table_name}.#{Comment.quoted_primary_key}")
+    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      assert_equal ["COMMENTS"], scope.references_values
+    else
+      assert_equal ["comments"], scope.references_values
+    end
+
+    scope = Post.reorder("comments.body", "yaks.body")
+    assert_equal %w(comments yaks), scope.references_values
+
+    # Don't infer yaks, let's not go down that road again...
+    scope = Post.reorder("comments.body, yaks.body")
+    assert_equal %w(comments), scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.reorder("comments.body asc")
+    assert_equal %w(comments), scope.references_values
+
+    scope = Post.reorder("foo(comments.body)")
+    assert_equal [], scope.references_values
+  end
+
+  def test_order_with_reorder_nil_removes_the_order
+    relation = Post.order(:title).reorder(nil)
+
+    assert_nil relation.order_values.first
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_order_with_reorder_nil_removes_the_order
+    relation = Post.order(:title).reverse_order.reorder(nil)
+
+    assert_nil relation.order_values.first
+  end
+
+  def test_presence
+    topics = Topic.all
+
+    # the first query is triggered because there are no topics yet.
+    assert_queries(1) { assert topics.present? }
+
+    # checking if there are topics is used before you actually display them,
+    # thus it shouldn't invoke an extra count query.
+    assert_no_queries { assert topics.present? }
+    assert_no_queries { assert !topics.blank? }
+
+    # shows count of topics and loops after loading the query should not trigger extra queries either.
+    assert_no_queries { topics.size }
+    assert_no_queries { topics.length }
+    assert_no_queries { topics.each }
+
+    # count always trigger the COUNT query.
+    assert_queries(1) { topics.count }
+
+    assert topics.loaded?
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.order(:id).find_by(author_id: 2)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.order(:id).find_by("author_id = 2")
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.order(:id).find_by("author_id = ?", 2)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by returns nil if the record is missing" do
+    assert_nil Post.all.find_by("1 = 0")
+  end
+
+  test "find_by doesn't have implicit ordering" do
+    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.all.find_by(author_id: 2) }
+  end
+
+  test "find_by requires at least one argument" do
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Post.all.find_by }
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.order(:id).find_by!(author_id: 2)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.order(:id).find_by!("author_id = 2")
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.order(:id).find_by!("author_id = ?", 2)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! doesn't have implicit ordering" do
+    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.all.find_by!(author_id: 2) }
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! raises RecordNotFound if the record is missing" do
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Post.all.find_by!("1 = 0")
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "find_by! requires at least one argument" do
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Post.all.find_by! }
+  end
+
+  test "loaded relations cannot be mutated by multi value methods" do
+    relation = Post.all
+    relation.to_a
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation) do
+      relation.where! "foo"
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "loaded relations cannot be mutated by single value methods" do
+    relation = Post.all
+    relation.to_a
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation) do
+      relation.limit! 5
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "loaded relations cannot be mutated by merge!" do
+    relation = Post.all
+    relation.to_a
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation) do
+      relation.merge! where: "foo"
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "loaded relations cannot be mutated by extending!" do
+    relation = Post.all
+    relation.to_a
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation) do
+      relation.extending! Module.new
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "relations with cached arel can't be mutated [internal API]" do
+    relation = Post.all
+    relation.arel
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation) { relation.limit!(5) }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation) { relation.where!("1 = 2") }
+  end
+
+  test "relations show the records in #inspect" do
+    relation = Post.limit(2)
+    assert_equal "#<ActiveRecord::Relation [#{Post.limit(2).map(&:inspect).join(', ')}]>", relation.inspect
+  end
+
+  test "relations limit the records in #inspect at 10" do
+    relation = Post.limit(11)
+    assert_equal "#<ActiveRecord::Relation [#{Post.limit(10).map(&:inspect).join(', ')}, ...]>", relation.inspect
+  end
+
+  test "relations don't load all records in #inspect" do
+    assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) do
+      Post.all.inspect
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "already-loaded relations don't perform a new query in #inspect" do
+    relation = Post.limit(2)
+    relation.to_a
+
+    expected = "#<ActiveRecord::Relation [#{Post.limit(2).map(&:inspect).join(', ')}]>"
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal expected, relation.inspect
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "using a custom table affects the wheres" do
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+
+    assert_equal post, custom_post_relation.where!(title: post.title).take
+  end
+
+  test "using a custom table with joins affects the joins" do
+    post = posts(:welcome)
+
+    assert_equal post, custom_post_relation.joins(:author).where!(title: post.title).take
+  end
+
+  test "#load" do
+    relation = Post.all
+    assert_queries(1) do
+      assert_equal relation, relation.load
+    end
+    assert_no_queries { relation.to_a }
+  end
+
+  test "group with select and includes" do
+    authors_count = Post.select("author_id, COUNT(author_id) AS num_posts").
+      group("author_id").order("author_id").includes(:author).to_a
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      result = authors_count.map do |post|
+        [post.num_posts, post.author.try(:name)]
+      end
+
+      expected = [[1, nil], [5, "David"], [3, "Mary"], [2, "Bob"]]
+      assert_equal expected, result
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "joins with select" do
+    posts = Post.joins(:author).select("id", "authors.author_address_id").order("posts.id").limit(3)
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 4], posts.map(&:id)
+    assert_equal [1, 1, 1], posts.map(&:author_address_id)
+  end
+
+  test "delegations do not leak to other classes" do
+    Topic.all.by_lifo
+    assert Topic.all.class.method_defined?(:by_lifo)
+    assert !Post.all.respond_to?(:by_lifo)
+  end
+
+  def test_unscope_with_subquery
+    p1 = Post.where(id: 1)
+    p2 = Post.where(id: 2)
+
+    assert_not_equal p1, p2
+
+    comments = Comment.where(post: p1).unscope(where: :post_id).where(post: p2)
+
+    assert_not_equal p1.first.comments, comments
+    assert_equal p2.first.comments, comments
+  end
+
+  def test_unscope_specific_where_value
+    posts = Post.where(title: "Welcome to the weblog", body: "Such a lovely day")
+
+    assert_equal 1, posts.count
+    assert_equal 1, posts.unscope(where: :title).count
+    assert_equal 1, posts.unscope(where: :body).count
+  end
+
+  def test_locked_should_not_build_arel
+    posts = Post.locked
+    assert posts.locked?
+    assert_nothing_raised { posts.lock!(false) }
+  end
+
+  def test_relation_join_method
+    assert_equal "Thank you for the welcome,Thank you again for the welcome", Post.first.comments.join(",")
+  end
+
+  test "#skip_query_cache!" do
+    Post.cache do
+      assert_queries(1) do
+        Post.all.load
+        Post.all.load
+      end
+
+      assert_queries(2) do
+        Post.all.skip_query_cache!.load
+        Post.all.skip_query_cache!.load
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#skip_query_cache! with an eager load" do
+    Post.cache do
+      assert_queries(1) do
+        Post.eager_load(:comments).load
+        Post.eager_load(:comments).load
+      end
+
+      assert_queries(2) do
+        Post.eager_load(:comments).skip_query_cache!.load
+        Post.eager_load(:comments).skip_query_cache!.load
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#skip_query_cache! with a preload" do
+    Post.cache do
+      assert_queries(2) do
+        Post.preload(:comments).load
+        Post.preload(:comments).load
+      end
+
+      assert_queries(4) do
+        Post.preload(:comments).skip_query_cache!.load
+        Post.preload(:comments).skip_query_cache!.load
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+    def custom_post_relation
+      table_alias = Post.arel_table.alias("omg_posts")
+      table_metadata = ActiveRecord::TableMetadata.new(Post, table_alias)
+      predicate_builder = ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder.new(table_metadata)
+
+      ActiveRecord::Relation.create(Post, table_alias, predicate_builder)
+    end
+end