ruby-oci8-master 2.0.7

data/ext/oci8/oci8.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1156 @@
+/* -*- c-file-style: "ruby"; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
+/*
+ * oci8.c - part of ruby-oci8
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2011 KUBO Takehiro <kubo@jiubao.org>
+ *
+ */
+#include "oci8.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h> /* getpid() */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#ifndef getpid
+extern rb_pid_t rb_w32_getpid(void);
+#define getpid() rb_w32_getpid()
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OCI_ATTR_CLIENT_IDENTIFIER
+#define OCI_ATTR_CLIENT_IDENTIFIER 278
+#endif
+#ifndef OCI_ATTR_MODULE
+#define OCI_ATTR_MODULE 366
+#endif
+#ifndef OCI_ATTR_ACTION
+#define OCI_ATTR_ACTION 367
+#endif
+#ifndef OCI_ATTR_CLIENT_INFO
+#define OCI_ATTR_CLIENT_INFO 368
+#endif
+
+#define OCI8_STATE_SESSION_BEGIN_WAS_CALLED 0x01
+#define OCI8_STATE_SERVER_ATTACH_WAS_CALLED 0x02
+
+static VALUE cOCI8;
+static VALUE cSession;
+static VALUE cServer;
+static ID id_at_session_handle;
+static ID id_at_server_handle;
+
+typedef struct oci8_svcctx_associate {
+    oci8_base_t base;
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx;
+} oci8_svcctx_associate_t;
+
+static void oci8_svcctx_associate_free(oci8_base_t *base)
+{
+    base->type = 0;
+    base->hp.ptr = NULL;
+}
+
+static oci8_base_vtable_t oci8_svcctx_associate_vtable = {
+    NULL,
+    oci8_svcctx_associate_free,
+    sizeof(oci8_svcctx_associate_t),
+};
+
+static void copy_session_handle(oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx)
+{
+    VALUE obj = rb_ivar_get(svcctx->base.self, id_at_session_handle);
+    oci8_base_t *base;
+
+    Check_Handle(obj, cSession, base);
+    base->type = OCI_HTYPE_SESSION;
+    base->hp.usrhp = svcctx->usrhp;
+}
+
+static void copy_server_handle(oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx)
+{
+    VALUE obj = rb_ivar_get(svcctx->base.self, id_at_server_handle);
+    oci8_base_t *base;
+
+    Check_Handle(obj, cServer, base);
+    base->type = OCI_HTYPE_SERVER;
+    base->hp.srvhp = svcctx->srvhp;
+}
+
+static void oci8_svcctx_free(oci8_base_t *base)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = (oci8_svcctx_t *)base;
+    if (svcctx->logoff_strategy != NULL) {
+        const oci8_logoff_strategy_t *strategy = svcctx->logoff_strategy;
+        void *data = strategy->prepare(svcctx);
+        int rv;
+        svcctx->base.type = 0;
+        svcctx->logoff_strategy = NULL;
+        rv = oci8_run_native_thread(strategy->execute, data);
+        if (rv != 0) {
+            errno = rv;
+#ifdef WIN32
+            rb_sys_fail("_beginthread");
+#else
+            rb_sys_fail("pthread_create");
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    svcctx->base.type = 0;
+}
+
+static void oci8_svcctx_init(oci8_base_t *base)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = (oci8_svcctx_t *)base;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    svcctx->executing_thread = Qnil;
+    /* set session handle */
+    obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSession);
+    rb_ivar_set(base->self, id_at_session_handle, obj);
+    oci8_link_to_parent(DATA_PTR(obj), base);
+    /* set server handle */
+    obj = rb_obj_alloc(cServer);
+    rb_ivar_set(base->self, id_at_server_handle, obj);
+    oci8_link_to_parent(DATA_PTR(obj), base);
+
+    svcctx->pid = getpid();
+    svcctx->is_autocommit = 0;
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION
+    svcctx->non_blocking = 1;
+#endif
+    svcctx->long_read_len = INT2FIX(65535);
+}
+
+static oci8_base_vtable_t oci8_svcctx_vtable = {
+    NULL,
+    oci8_svcctx_free,
+    sizeof(oci8_svcctx_t),
+    oci8_svcctx_init,
+};
+
+static VALUE oracle_client_vernum; /* Oracle client version number */
+static VALUE sym_SYSDBA;
+static VALUE sym_SYSOPER;
+static ID id_at_prefetch_rows;
+static ID id_set_prefetch_rows;
+
+static VALUE oci8_s_oracle_client_vernum(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return oracle_client_vernum;
+}
+
+static VALUE oci8_s_set_property(VALUE klass, VALUE name, VALUE val)
+{
+    const char *name_str;
+
+    Check_Type(name, T_SYMBOL);
+    name_str = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(name));
+    if (strcmp(name_str, "float_conversion_type") == 0) {
+        const char *val_str;
+        Check_Type(val, T_SYMBOL);
+        val_str = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(val));
+        if (strcmp(val_str, "ruby") == 0) {
+            oci8_float_conversion_type_is_ruby = 1;
+        } else if (strcmp(val_str, "oracle") == 0) {
+            oci8_float_conversion_type_is_ruby = 0;
+        } else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "float_conversion_type's value should be either :ruby or :oracle.");
+        }
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   OCI8.error_message(message_no) -> string
+ *
+ * Get the Oracle error message specified by message_no.
+ * Its language depends on NLS_LANGUAGE.
+ *
+ * Note: This method is unavailable if the Oracle client version is 8.0.
+ *
+ * example:
+ *   # When NLS_LANG is AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
+ *   OCI8.error_message(1) # => "ORA-00001: unique constraint (%s.%s) violated"
+ *   
+ *   # When NLS_LANG is FRENCH_FRANCE.AL32UTF8
+ *   OCI8.error_message(1) # => "ORA-00001: violation de contrainte unique (%s.%s)"
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_s_error_message(VALUE klass, VALUE msgid)
+{
+    return oci8_get_error_message(NUM2UINT(msgid), NULL);
+}
+
+#define CONN_STR_REGEX "/^([^(\\s|\\@)]*)\\/([^(\\s|\\@)]*)(?:\\@(\\S+))?(?:\\s+as\\s+(\\S*)\\s*)?$/i"
+void oci8_do_parse_connect_string(VALUE conn_str, VALUE *user, VALUE *pass, VALUE *dbname, VALUE *mode)
+{
+    static VALUE re = Qnil;
+    if (NIL_P(re)) {
+        re = rb_eval_string(CONN_STR_REGEX);
+        rb_global_variable(&re);
+    }
+    OCI8SafeStringValue(conn_str);
+    if (RTEST(rb_reg_match(re, conn_str))) {
+        *user = rb_reg_nth_match(1, rb_backref_get());
+        *pass = rb_reg_nth_match(2, rb_backref_get());
+        *dbname = rb_reg_nth_match(3, rb_backref_get());
+        *mode = rb_reg_nth_match(4, rb_backref_get());
+        if (RSTRING_LEN(*user) == 0 && RSTRING_LEN(*pass) == 0) {
+            /* external credential */
+            *user = Qnil;
+            *pass = Qnil;
+        }
+        if (!NIL_P(*mode)) {
+            char *ptr;
+            SafeStringValue(*mode);
+            ptr = RSTRING_PTR(*mode);
+            if (strcasecmp(ptr, "SYSDBA") == 0) {
+                *mode = sym_SYSDBA;
+            } else if (strcasecmp(ptr, "SYSOPER") == 0) {
+                *mode = sym_SYSOPER;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid connect string \"%s\" (expect \"username/password[@(tns_name|//host[:port]/service_name)][ as (sysdba|sysoper)]\"", RSTRING_PTR(conn_str));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   parse_connect_string(string) -> [username, password, dbname, privilege]
+ *
+ * Extracts +username+, +password+, +dbname+ and +privilege+ from the specified +string+.
+ *
+ * example:
+ *   "scott/tiger" -> ["scott", "tiger", nil, nil],
+ *   "scott/tiger@oradb.example.com" -> ["scott", "tiger", "oradb.example.com", nil]
+ *   "sys/change_on_install as sysdba" -> ["sys", "change_on_install", nil, :SYSDBA]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_parse_connect_string(VALUE self, VALUE conn_str)
+{
+    VALUE user;
+    VALUE pass;
+    VALUE dbname;
+    VALUE mode;
+
+    oci8_do_parse_connect_string(conn_str, &user, &pass, &dbname, &mode);
+    return rb_ary_new3(4, user, pass, dbname, mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Logoff strategy for sessions connected by OCILogon.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    OCISvcCtx *svchp;
+    OCISession *usrhp;
+    OCIServer *srvhp;
+} simple_logoff_arg_t;
+
+static void *simple_logoff_prepare(oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx)
+{
+    simple_logoff_arg_t *sla = xmalloc(sizeof(simple_logoff_arg_t));
+    sla->svchp = svcctx->base.hp.svc;
+    sla->usrhp = svcctx->usrhp;
+    sla->srvhp = svcctx->srvhp;
+    svcctx->usrhp = NULL;
+    svcctx->srvhp = NULL;
+    return sla;
+}
+
+static VALUE simple_logoff_execute(void *arg)
+{
+    simple_logoff_arg_t *sla = (simple_logoff_arg_t *)arg;
+    OCIError *errhp = oci8_errhp;
+    sword rv;
+
+    OCITransRollback(sla->svchp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
+    rv = OCILogoff(sla->svchp, errhp);
+    xfree(sla);
+    return (VALUE)rv;
+}
+
+static const oci8_logoff_strategy_t simple_logoff = {
+    simple_logoff_prepare,
+    simple_logoff_execute,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Logoff strategy for sessions connected by OCIServerAttach and OCISessionBegin.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+    OCISvcCtx *svchp;
+    OCISession *usrhp;
+    OCIServer *srvhp;
+    unsigned char state;
+} complex_logoff_arg_t;
+
+static void *complex_logoff_prepare(oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx)
+{
+    complex_logoff_arg_t *cla = xmalloc(sizeof(complex_logoff_arg_t));
+    cla->svchp = svcctx->base.hp.svc;
+    cla->usrhp = svcctx->usrhp;
+    cla->srvhp = svcctx->srvhp;
+    cla->state = svcctx->state;
+    svcctx->usrhp = NULL;
+    svcctx->srvhp = NULL;
+    svcctx->state = 0;
+    return cla;
+}
+
+static VALUE complex_logoff_execute(void *arg)
+{
+    complex_logoff_arg_t *cla = (complex_logoff_arg_t *)arg;
+    OCIError *errhp = oci8_errhp;
+    sword rv = OCI_SUCCESS;
+
+    OCITransRollback(cla->svchp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
+
+    if (cla->state & OCI8_STATE_SESSION_BEGIN_WAS_CALLED) {
+        rv = OCISessionEnd(cla->svchp, oci8_errhp, cla->usrhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
+        cla->state &= ~OCI8_STATE_SESSION_BEGIN_WAS_CALLED;
+    }
+    if (cla->state & OCI8_STATE_SERVER_ATTACH_WAS_CALLED) {
+        rv = OCIServerDetach(cla->srvhp, oci8_errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
+        cla->state &= ~OCI8_STATE_SERVER_ATTACH_WAS_CALLED;
+    }
+    if (cla->usrhp != NULL) {
+        OCIHandleFree(cla->usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
+    }
+    if (cla->srvhp != NULL) {
+        OCIHandleFree(cla->srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
+    }
+    if (cla->svchp != NULL) {
+        OCIHandleFree(cla->svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
+    }
+    xfree(cla);
+    return (VALUE)rv;
+}
+
+static const oci8_logoff_strategy_t complex_logoff = {
+    complex_logoff_prepare,
+    complex_logoff_execute,
+};
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   logon(username, password, dbname) -> connection
+ *
+ * <b>internal use only</b>
+ *
+ * Creates a simple logon session by the OCI function OCILogon().
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_logon(VALUE self, VALUE username, VALUE password, VALUE dbname)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+
+    if (svcctx->logoff_strategy != NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Could not reuse the session.");
+    }
+
+    /* check arugmnets */
+    OCI8SafeStringValue(username);
+    OCI8SafeStringValue(password);
+    if (!NIL_P(dbname)) {
+        OCI8SafeStringValue(dbname);
+    }
+
+    /* logon */
+    svcctx->base.type = OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX;
+    chker2(OCILogon_nb(svcctx, oci8_envhp, oci8_errhp, &svcctx->base.hp.svc,
+                       RSTRING_ORATEXT(username), RSTRING_LEN(username),
+                       RSTRING_ORATEXT(password), RSTRING_LEN(password),
+                       NIL_P(dbname) ? NULL : RSTRING_ORATEXT(dbname),
+                       NIL_P(dbname) ? 0 : RSTRING_LEN(dbname)),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    svcctx->logoff_strategy = &simple_logoff;
+
+    /* setup the session handle */
+    chker2(OCIAttrGet(svcctx->base.hp.ptr, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, &svcctx->usrhp, 0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION, oci8_errhp),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    copy_session_handle(svcctx);
+
+    /* setup the server handle */
+    chker2(OCIAttrGet(svcctx->base.hp.ptr, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, &svcctx->srvhp, 0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, oci8_errhp),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    copy_server_handle(svcctx);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   allocate_handles()
+ *
+ * <b>internal use only</b>
+ *
+ * Allocates a service context handle, a session handle and a
+ * server handle to use explicit attach and begin-session calls.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_allocate_handles(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    sword rv;
+
+    if (svcctx->logoff_strategy != NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Could not reuse the session.");
+    }
+    svcctx->logoff_strategy = &complex_logoff;
+    svcctx->state = 0;
+
+    /* allocate a service context handle */
+    rv = OCIHandleAlloc(oci8_envhp, &svcctx->base.hp.ptr, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, 0, 0);
+    if (rv != OCI_SUCCESS)
+        oci8_env_raise(oci8_envhp, rv);
+    svcctx->base.type = OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX;
+
+    /* alocalte a session handle */
+    rv = OCIHandleAlloc(oci8_envhp, (void*)&svcctx->usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 0, 0);
+    if (rv != OCI_SUCCESS)
+        oci8_env_raise(oci8_envhp, rv);
+    copy_session_handle(svcctx);
+
+    /* alocalte a server handle */
+    rv = OCIHandleAlloc(oci8_envhp, (void*)&svcctx->srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, 0, 0);
+    if (rv != OCI_SUCCESS)
+        oci8_env_raise(oci8_envhp, rv);
+    copy_server_handle(svcctx);
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   session_handle -> a session handle
+ *
+ * <b>internal use only</b>
+ *
+ * Returns a session handle associated with the service context handle.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_get_session_handle(VALUE self)
+{
+    return rb_ivar_get(self, id_at_session_handle);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   server_handle -> a server handle
+ *
+ * <b>internal use only</b>
+ *
+ * Returns a server handle associated with the service context handle.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_get_server_handle(VALUE self)
+{
+    return rb_ivar_get(self, id_at_server_handle);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   server_attach(dbname, mode)
+ *
+ * <b>internal use only</b>
+ *
+ * Attachs to the server by the OCI function OCIServerAttach().
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_server_attach(VALUE self, VALUE dbname, VALUE mode)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = oci8_get_svcctx(self);
+
+    if (svcctx->logoff_strategy != &complex_logoff) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Use this method only for the service context handle created by OCI8#server_handle().");
+    }
+    if (svcctx->state & OCI8_STATE_SERVER_ATTACH_WAS_CALLED) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Could not use this method twice.");
+    }
+
+    /* check arguments */
+    if (!NIL_P(dbname)) {
+        OCI8SafeStringValue(dbname);
+    }
+    Check_Type(mode, T_FIXNUM);
+
+    /* attach to the server */
+    chker2(OCIServerAttach_nb(svcctx, svcctx->srvhp, oci8_errhp,
+                              NIL_P(dbname) ? NULL : RSTRING_ORATEXT(dbname),
+                              NIL_P(dbname) ? 0 : RSTRING_LEN(dbname),
+                              FIX2UINT(mode)),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    chker2(OCIAttrSet(svcctx->base.hp.ptr, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
+                      svcctx->srvhp, 0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER,
+                      oci8_errhp),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    svcctx->state |= OCI8_STATE_SERVER_ATTACH_WAS_CALLED;
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   session_begin(cred, mode)
+ *
+ * <b>internal use only</b>
+ *
+ * Begins the session by the OCI function OCISessionBegin().
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_session_begin(VALUE self, VALUE cred, VALUE mode)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+
+    if (svcctx->logoff_strategy != &complex_logoff) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Use this method only for the service context handle created by OCI8#server_handle().");
+    }
+    if (svcctx->state & OCI8_STATE_SESSION_BEGIN_WAS_CALLED) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Could not use this method twice.");
+    }
+
+    /* check arguments */
+    Check_Type(cred, T_FIXNUM);
+    Check_Type(mode, T_FIXNUM);
+
+    /* begin session */
+    chker2(OCISessionBegin_nb(svcctx, svcctx->base.hp.ptr, oci8_errhp,
+                              svcctx->usrhp, FIX2UINT(cred),
+                              FIX2UINT(mode)),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    chker2(OCIAttrSet(svcctx->base.hp.ptr, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
+                      svcctx->usrhp, 0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION,
+                      oci8_errhp),
+           &svcctx->base);
+    svcctx->state |= OCI8_STATE_SESSION_BEGIN_WAS_CALLED;
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   logoff
+ *
+ * Disconnects from the Oracle server. The uncommitted transaction is
+ * rollbacked.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_svcctx_logoff(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = (oci8_svcctx_t *)DATA_PTR(self);
+
+    while (svcctx->base.children != NULL) {
+        oci8_base_free(svcctx->base.children);
+    }
+    if (svcctx->logoff_strategy != NULL) {
+        const oci8_logoff_strategy_t *strategy = svcctx->logoff_strategy;
+        void *data = strategy->prepare(svcctx);
+        svcctx->base.type = 0;
+        svcctx->logoff_strategy = NULL;
+        chker2(oci8_blocking_region(svcctx, strategy->execute, data), &svcctx->base);
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   commit
+ *
+ * Commits the transaction.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_commit(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    chker2(OCITransCommit_nb(svcctx, svcctx->base.hp.svc, oci8_errhp, OCI_DEFAULT), &svcctx->base);
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   rollback
+ *
+ * Rollbacks the transaction.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_rollback(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    chker2(OCITransRollback_nb(svcctx, svcctx->base.hp.svc, oci8_errhp, OCI_DEFAULT), &svcctx->base);
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   non_blocking? -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if the connection is in non-blocking mode, +false+
+ * otherwise.
+ *
+ * See also #non_blocking=.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_non_blocking_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION
+    return svcctx->non_blocking ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+#else
+    sb1 non_blocking;
+
+    chker2(OCIAttrGet(svcctx->srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, &non_blocking, 0, OCI_ATTR_NONBLOCKING_MODE, oci8_errhp), &svcctx->base);
+    return non_blocking ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   non_blocking = true or false
+ *
+ * Sets +true+ to enable non-blocking mode, +false+ otherwise.
+ * The default setting depends on the ruby version and ruby-oci8
+ * version.
+ *
+ * When the connection is in blocking mode (non_blocking = false),
+ * SQL executions block not only the thread, but also the ruby
+ * process. It makes the whole application stop while a SQL execution
+ * needs long time.
+ *
+ * When in non-blocking mode (non_blocking = true), SQL executions
+ * block only the thread. It does't prevent other threads.
+ * A SQL execution which blocks a thread can be canceled by
+ * OCI8#break.
+ *
+ * === ruby 1.9
+ * The default setting is +true+ if the ruby-oci8 version is 2.0.3 or
+ * upper, +false+ otherwise.
+ *
+ * Ruby-oci8 makes the connection non-blocking by releasing ruby
+ * interpreter's GVL (Global VM Lock or Giant VM Lock) while OCI
+ * functions which may need more than one network round trips are in
+ * execution.
+ *
+ * === ruby 1.8
+ * The default setting is +false+.
+ *
+ * Ruby-oci8 makes the connection non-blocking by polling the return
+ * values of OCI functions. When an OCI function returns
+ * OCI_STILL_EXECUTING, the thread sleeps for 10 milli seconds to make
+ * a time for other threads to run. The sleep time is doubled up to
+ * 640 milli seconds as the function returns the same value.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_non_blocking(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION
+    svcctx->non_blocking = RTEST(val);
+#else
+    sb1 non_blocking;
+
+    chker2(OCIAttrGet(svcctx->srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, &non_blocking, 0, OCI_ATTR_NONBLOCKING_MODE, oci8_errhp), &svcctx->base);
+    if ((RTEST(val) && !non_blocking) || (!RTEST(val) && non_blocking)) {
+        /* toggle blocking / non-blocking. */
+        chker2(OCIAttrSet(svcctx->srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, 0, 0, OCI_ATTR_NONBLOCKING_MODE, oci8_errhp), &svcctx->base);
+    }
+#endif
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   autocommit? -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if the connection is in autocommit mode, +false+
+ * otherwise. The default value is +false+.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_autocommit_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    return svcctx->is_autocommit ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   autocommit = true or false
+ *
+ * Sets the autocommit mode. The default value is +false+.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_autocommit(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    svcctx->is_autocommit = RTEST(val);
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   long_read_len -> fixnum
+ *
+ * Gets the maximum length in bytes to fetch a LONG or LONG RAW
+ * column. The default value is 65535.
+ *
+ * If the actual data length is longer than long_read_len,
+ * "ORA-01406: fetched column value was truncated" is raised.
+ *
+ * Note: long_read_len is also used for XMLTYPE data type in 2.0.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_long_read_len(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    return svcctx->long_read_len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   long_read_len = fixnum
+ *
+ * Sets the maximum length in bytes to fetch a LONG or LONG RAW
+ * column.
+ *
+ * See also #long_read_len
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_long_read_len(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    Check_Type(val, T_FIXNUM);
+    svcctx->long_read_len = val;
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   break
+ *
+ * Cancels the executing SQL.
+ *
+ * See also #non_blocking=.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_break(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+
+    if (NIL_P(svcctx->executing_thread)) {
+        return Qfalse;
+    }
+#ifndef HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION
+    chker2(OCIBreak(svcctx->base.hp.ptr, oci8_errhp), &svcctx->base);
+#endif
+    rb_thread_wakeup(svcctx->executing_thread);
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   prefetch_rows = number
+ *
+ * Sets the prefetch rows size. The default value is one.
+ * When a select statement is executed, the OCI library allocate
+ * prefetch buffer to reduce the number of network round trips by
+ * retrieving specified number of rows in one round trip.
+ *
+ * Note: Active record adaptors set 100 by default.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_prefetch_rows(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_at_prefetch_rows, val);
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   oracle_server_vernum -> an integer
+ *
+ * <b>(new in 2.0.1)</b>
+ *
+ * Returns a numerical format of the Oracle server version.
+ *
+ * See also: #oracle_server_version
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_oracle_server_vernum(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = DATA_PTR(self);
+    char buf[100];
+    ub4 version;
+
+    chker2(OCIServerRelease(svcctx->base.hp.ptr, oci8_errhp, (text*)buf, sizeof(buf), (ub1)svcctx->base.type, &version), &svcctx->base);
+    return UINT2NUM(version);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   ping -> true or false
+ *
+ * <b>(new in 2.0.2)</b>
+ *
+ * Makes a round trip call to the server to confirm that the connection and
+ * the server are active.
+ *
+ * OCI8#ping also can be used to flush all the pending OCI client-side calls
+ * to the server if any exist.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 10.2 client or upper
+ * A dummy round trip call is made by a newly added OCI function
+ * OCIPing[http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14250/oci16msc007.htm#sthref3540] in Oracle 10.2.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 10.1 client or lower
+ * A simple PL/SQL block "BEGIN NULL; END;" is executed to make a round trip call.
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_ping(VALUE self)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = oci8_get_svcctx(self);
+    sword rv;
+
+    if (have_OCIPing_nb) {
+        /* Oracle 10.2 or upper */
+        rv = OCIPing_nb(svcctx, svcctx->base.hp.svc, oci8_errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
+    } else {
+        /* Oracle 10.1 or lower */
+        rv = oci8_exec_sql(svcctx, "BEGIN NULL; END;", 0U, NULL, 0U, NULL, 0);
+    }
+    return rv == OCI_SUCCESS ? Qtrue : FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   client_identifier = string or nil
+ *
+ * <b>(new in 2.0.3)</b>
+ *
+ * Sets the client ID. This information is stored in the V$SESSION
+ * view.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 9i client or upper
+ *
+ * This doesn't perform network round trips. The change is reflected
+ * to the server by the next round trip such as OCI8#exec, OCI8#ping,
+ * etc.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 8i client or lower
+ *
+ * This executes the following PL/SQL block internally.
+ * The change is reflected immediately by a network round trip.
+ *
+ *   BEGIN
+ *     DBMS_SESSION.SET_IDENTIFIER(:client_id);
+ *   END;
+ *
+ * See {Oracle Manual: Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference}[http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_sessio.htm#i996935]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_client_identifier(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    char *ptr;
+    ub4 size;
+
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+        OCI8SafeStringValue(val);
+        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(val);
+        size = RSTRING_LEN(val);
+    } else {
+        ptr = "";
+        size = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (oracle_client_version >= ORAVERNUM(9, 2, 0, 3, 0) || size > 0) {
+        if (size > 0 && ptr[0] == ':') {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "client identifier should not start with ':'.");
+        }
+        chker2(OCIAttrSet(oci8_get_oci_session(self), OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, ptr,
+                          size, OCI_ATTR_CLIENT_IDENTIFIER, oci8_errhp),
+               DATA_PTR(self));
+    } else {
+        /* Workaround for Bug 2449486 */
+        oci8_exec_sql_var_t bind_vars[1];
+
+        /* :client_id */
+        bind_vars[0].valuep = ptr;
+        bind_vars[0].value_sz = size;
+        bind_vars[0].dty = SQLT_CHR;
+        bind_vars[0].indp = NULL;
+        bind_vars[0].alenp = NULL;
+
+        oci8_exec_sql(oci8_get_svcctx(self),
+                      "BEGIN\n"
+                      "  DBMS_SESSION.SET_IDENTIFIER(:client_id);\n"
+                      "END;\n", 0, NULL, 1, bind_vars, 1);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   module = string or nil
+ *
+ * <b>(new in 2.0.3)</b>
+ *
+ * Sets the name of the current module. This information is
+ * stored in the V$SESSION view and is also stored in the V$SQL view
+ * and the V$SQLAREA view when a SQL statement is executed and the SQL
+ * statement is first parsed in the Oracle server.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 10g client or upper
+ *
+ * This doesn't perform network round trips. The change is reflected
+ * to the server by the next round trip such as OCI8#exec, OCI8#ping,
+ * etc.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 9i client or lower
+ *
+ * This executes the following PL/SQL block internally.
+ * The change is reflected immediately by a network round trip.
+ *
+ *   DECLARE
+ *     action VARCHAR2(32);
+ *   BEGIN
+ *     -- retrieve action name.
+ *     SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','ACTION') INTO action FROM DUAL;
+ *     -- change module name without modifying the action name.
+ *     DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE(:module, action);
+ *   END;
+ *
+ * See {Oracle Manual: Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference}[http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_appinf.htm#i999254]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_module(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    char *ptr;
+    ub4 size;
+
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+        OCI8SafeStringValue(val);
+        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(val);
+        size = RSTRING_LEN(val);
+    } else {
+        ptr = "";
+        size = 0;
+    }
+    if (oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_10_1) {
+        /* Oracle 10g or upper */
+        chker2(OCIAttrSet(oci8_get_oci_session(self), OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, ptr,
+                          size, OCI_ATTR_MODULE, oci8_errhp),
+               DATA_PTR(self));
+    } else {
+        /* Oracle 9i or lower */
+        oci8_exec_sql_var_t bind_vars[1];
+
+        /* :module */
+        bind_vars[0].valuep = ptr;
+        bind_vars[0].value_sz = size;
+        bind_vars[0].dty = SQLT_CHR;
+        bind_vars[0].indp = NULL;
+        bind_vars[0].alenp = NULL;
+
+        oci8_exec_sql(oci8_get_svcctx(self),
+                      "DECLARE\n"
+                      "  action VARCHAR2(32);\n"
+                      "BEGIN\n"
+                      "  SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','ACTION') INTO action FROM DUAL;\n"
+                      "  DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE(:module, action);\n"
+                      "END;\n", 0, NULL, 1, bind_vars, 1);
+    }
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   action = string or nil
+ *
+ * <b>(new in 2.0.3)</b>
+ *
+ * Sets the name of the current action within the current module.
+ * This information is stored in the V$SESSION view and is also
+ * stored in the V$SQL view and the V$SQLAREA view when a SQL
+ * statement is executed and the SQL statement is first parsed
+ * in the Oracle server.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 10g client or upper
+ *
+ * This doesn't perform network round trips. The change is reflected
+ * to the server by the next round trip such as OCI8#exec, OCI8#ping,
+ * etc.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 9i client or lower
+ *
+ * This executes the following PL/SQL block internally.
+ * The change is reflected immediately by a network round trip.
+ *
+ *   BEGIN
+ *     DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_ACTION(:action);
+ *   END;
+ *
+ * See {Oracle Manual: Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference}[http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_appinf.htm#i999254]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_action(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    char *ptr;
+    ub4 size;
+
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+        OCI8SafeStringValue(val);
+        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(val);
+        size = RSTRING_LEN(val);
+    } else {
+        ptr = "";
+        size = 0;
+    }
+    if (oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_10_1) {
+        /* Oracle 10g or upper */
+        chker2(OCIAttrSet(oci8_get_oci_session(self), OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, ptr,
+                          size, OCI_ATTR_ACTION, oci8_errhp),
+               DATA_PTR(self));
+    } else {
+        /* Oracle 9i or lower */
+        oci8_exec_sql_var_t bind_vars[1];
+
+        /* :action */
+        bind_vars[0].valuep = ptr;
+        bind_vars[0].value_sz = size;
+        bind_vars[0].dty = SQLT_CHR;
+        bind_vars[0].indp = NULL;
+        bind_vars[0].alenp = NULL;
+
+        oci8_exec_sql(oci8_get_svcctx(self),
+                      "BEGIN\n"
+                      "  DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_ACTION(:action);\n"
+                      "END;\n", 0, NULL, 1, bind_vars, 1);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   client_info = string or nil
+ *
+ * <b>(new in 2.0.3)</b>
+ *
+ * Sets additional information about the client application.
+ * This information is stored in the V$SESSION view.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 10g client or upper
+ *
+ * This doesn't perform network round trips. The change is reflected
+ * to the server by the next round trip such as OCI8#exec, OCI8#ping,
+ * etc.
+ *
+ * === Oracle 9i client or lower
+ *
+ * This executes the following PL/SQL block internally.
+ * The change is reflected immediately by a network round trip.
+ *
+ *   BEGIN
+ *     DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_CLIENT_INFO(:client_info);
+ *   END;
+ *
+ * See {Oracle Manual: Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference}[http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_appinf.htm#CHEJCFGG]
+ */
+static VALUE oci8_set_client_info(VALUE self, VALUE val)
+{
+    char *ptr;
+    ub4 size;
+
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+        OCI8SafeStringValue(val);
+        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(val);
+        size = RSTRING_LEN(val);
+    } else {
+        ptr = "";
+        size = 0;
+    }
+    if (oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_10_1) {
+        /* Oracle 10g or upper */
+        chker2(OCIAttrSet(oci8_get_oci_session(self), OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, ptr,
+                          size, OCI_ATTR_CLIENT_INFO, oci8_errhp),
+               DATA_PTR(self));
+    } else {
+        /* Oracle 9i or lower */
+        oci8_exec_sql_var_t bind_vars[1];
+
+        /* :client_info */
+        bind_vars[0].valuep = ptr;
+        bind_vars[0].value_sz = size;
+        bind_vars[0].dty = SQLT_CHR;
+        bind_vars[0].indp = NULL;
+        bind_vars[0].alenp = NULL;
+
+        oci8_exec_sql(oci8_get_svcctx(self), 
+                      "BEGIN\n"
+                      "  DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_CLIENT_INFO(:client_info);\n"
+                      "END;\n", 0, NULL, 1, bind_vars, 1);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+VALUE Init_oci8(void)
+{
+#if 0
+    oci8_cOCIHandle = rb_define_class("OCIHandle", rb_cObject);
+    cOCI8 = rb_define_class("OCI8", oci8_cOCIHandle);
+#endif
+    cOCI8 = oci8_define_class("OCI8", &oci8_svcctx_vtable);
+    cSession = oci8_define_class_under(cOCI8, "Session", &oci8_svcctx_associate_vtable);
+    cServer = oci8_define_class_under(cOCI8, "Server", &oci8_svcctx_associate_vtable);
+    id_at_session_handle = rb_intern("@session_handle");
+    id_at_server_handle = rb_intern("@server_handle");
+
+    oracle_client_vernum = INT2FIX(oracle_client_version);
+    if (have_OCIClientVersion) {
+        sword major, minor, update, patch, port_update;
+        OCIClientVersion(&major, &minor, &update, &patch, &port_update);
+        oracle_client_vernum = INT2FIX(ORAVERNUM(major, minor, update, patch, port_update));
+    }
+
+    sym_SYSDBA = ID2SYM(rb_intern("SYSDBA"));
+    sym_SYSOPER = ID2SYM(rb_intern("SYSOPER"));
+    id_at_prefetch_rows = rb_intern("@prefetch_rows");
+    id_set_prefetch_rows = rb_intern("prefetch_rows=");
+
+    rb_define_const(cOCI8, "VERSION", rb_obj_freeze(rb_usascii_str_new_cstr(OCI8LIB_VERSION)));
+    rb_define_singleton_method_nodoc(cOCI8, "oracle_client_vernum", oci8_s_oracle_client_vernum, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method_nodoc(cOCI8, "__set_property", oci8_s_set_property, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cOCI8, "error_message", oci8_s_error_message, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "parse_connect_string", oci8_parse_connect_string, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "logon", oci8_logon, 3);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "allocate_handles", oci8_allocate_handles, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "session_handle", oci8_get_session_handle, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "server_handle", oci8_get_server_handle, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "server_attach", oci8_server_attach, 2);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "session_begin", oci8_session_begin, 2);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "logoff", oci8_svcctx_logoff, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "commit", oci8_commit, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "rollback", oci8_rollback, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "non_blocking?", oci8_non_blocking_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "non_blocking=", oci8_set_non_blocking, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "autocommit?", oci8_autocommit_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "autocommit=", oci8_set_autocommit, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "long_read_len", oci8_long_read_len, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "long_read_len=", oci8_set_long_read_len, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "break", oci8_break, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "prefetch_rows=", oci8_set_prefetch_rows, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cOCI8, "oracle_server_vernum", oci8_oracle_server_vernum, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "ping", oci8_ping, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "client_identifier=", oci8_set_client_identifier, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "module=", oci8_set_module, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "action=", oci8_set_action, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cOCI8, "client_info=", oci8_set_client_info, 1);
+    rb_define_attr(cOCI8, "last_error", 1, 1);
+    return cOCI8;
+}
+
+oci8_svcctx_t *oci8_get_svcctx(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return (oci8_svcctx_t *)oci8_get_handle(obj, cOCI8);
+}
+
+OCISvcCtx *oci8_get_oci_svcctx(VALUE obj)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = oci8_get_svcctx(obj);
+    return svcctx->base.hp.svc;
+}
+
+OCISession *oci8_get_oci_session(VALUE obj)
+{
+    oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx = oci8_get_svcctx(obj);
+    return svcctx->usrhp;
+}
+
+void oci8_check_pid_consistency(oci8_svcctx_t *svcctx)
+{
+    if (svcctx->pid != getpid()) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "The connection cannot be reused in the forked process.");
+    }
+}
+