ruby-activeldap 0.8.3 → 0.8.3.1

data/lib/active_ldap/attributes.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+module ActiveLdap
+  module Attributes
+    def self.included(base)
+      base.class_eval do
+        extend(ClassMethods)
+        extend(Normalize)
+        include(Normalize)
+      end
+    end
+
+    module ClassMethods
+      def attr_protected(*attributes)
+        targets = attributes.collect {|attr| attr.to_s} - protected_attributes
+        instance_variable_set("@attr_protected", targets)
+      end
+
+      def protected_attributes
+        ancestors[0..(ancestors.index(Base))].inject([]) do |result, ancestor|
+          result + ancestor.instance_eval {@attr_protected ||= []}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    module Normalize
+      def normalize_attribute_name(name)
+        name.to_s.downcase
+      end
+
+      # Enforce typing:
+      # Hashes are for subtypes
+      # Arrays are for multiple entries
+      def normalize_attribute(name, value)
+        if name.nil?
+          raise RuntimeError, _('The first argument, name, must not be nil. ' \
+                                'Please report this as a bug!')
+        end
+
+        name = normalize_attribute_name(name)
+        rubyish_class_name = Inflector.underscore(value.class.name)
+        handler = "normalize_attribute_value_of_#{rubyish_class_name}"
+        if respond_to?(handler, true)
+          [name, send(handler, name, value)]
+        else
+          [name, [value.to_s]]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def unnormalize_attributes(attributes)
+        result = {}
+        attributes.each do |name, values|
+          unnormalize_attribute(name, values, result)
+        end
+        result
+      end
+
+      def unnormalize_attribute(name, values, result={})
+        if values.empty?
+          result[name] = []
+        else
+          values.each do |value|
+            if value.is_a?(Hash)
+              suffix, real_value = extract_attribute_options(value)
+              new_name = name + suffix
+              result[new_name] ||= []
+              result[new_name].concat(real_value)
+            else
+              result[name] ||= []
+              result[name] << value.dup
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        result
+      end
+
+      private
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_array(name, value)
+	attribute = schema.attribute(name)
+        if value.size > 1 and attribute.single_value?
+          format = _("Attribute %s can only have a single value")
+          message = format % self.class.human_attribute_name(attribute)
+          raise TypeError, message
+        end
+        if value.empty?
+          if schema.attribute(name).binary_required?
+            [{'binary' => value}]
+          else
+            value
+          end
+        else
+          value.collect do |entry|
+            normalize_attribute(name, entry)[1][0]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_hash(name, value)
+        if value.keys.size > 1
+          format = _("Hashes must have one key-value pair only: %s")
+          raise TypeError, format % value.inspect
+        end
+        unless value.keys[0].match(/^(lang-[a-z][a-z]*)|(binary)$/)
+          logger.warn do
+            format = _("unknown option did not match lang-* or binary: %s")
+            format % value.keys[0]
+          end
+        end
+        # Contents MUST be a String or an Array
+        if !value.has_key?('binary') and schema.attribute(name).binary_required?
+          suffix, real_value = extract_attribute_options(value)
+          name, values =
+            normalize_attribute_options("#{name}#{suffix};binary", real_value)
+          values
+        else
+          [value]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_nil_class(name, value)
+        if schema.attribute(name).binary_required?
+          [{'binary' => []}]
+        else
+          []
+        end
+      end
+
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_string(name, value)
+        if schema.attribute(name).binary_required?
+          [{'binary' => [value]}]
+        else
+          [value]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_date(name, value)
+        new_value = sprintf('%.04d%.02d%.02d%.02d%.02d%.02d%s',
+                            value.year, value.month, value.mday, 0, 0, 0,
+                            '+0000')
+        normalize_attribute_value_of_string(name, new_value)
+      end
+
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_time(name, value)
+        new_value = sprintf('%.04d%.02d%.02d%.02d%.02d%.02d%s',
+                            0, 0, 0, value.hour, value.min, value.sec,
+                            value.zone)
+        normalize_attribute_value_of_string(name, new_value)
+      end
+
+      def normalize_attribute_value_of_date_time(name, value)
+        new_value = sprintf('%.04d%.02d%.02d%.02d%.02d%.02d%s',
+                            value.year, value.month, value.mday, value.hour,
+                            value.min, value.sec, value.zone)
+        normalize_attribute_value_of_string(name, new_value)
+      end
+
+      # normalize_attribute_options
+      #
+      # Makes the Hashized value from the full attribute name
+      # e.g. userCertificate;binary => "some_bin"
+      #      becomes userCertificate => {"binary" => "some_bin"}
+      def normalize_attribute_options(attr, value)
+        return [attr, value] unless attr.match(/;/)
+
+        ret_attr, *options = attr.split(/;/)
+        [ret_attr,
+         [options.reverse.inject(value) {|result, option| {option => result}}]]
+      end
+
+      # extract_attribute_options
+      #
+      # Extracts all of the subtypes from a given set of nested hashes
+      # and returns the attribute suffix and the final true value
+      def extract_attribute_options(value)
+        options = ''
+        ret_val = value
+        if value.class == Hash
+          options = ';' + value.keys[0]
+          ret_val = value[value.keys[0]]
+          if ret_val.class == Hash
+            sub_options, ret_val = extract_attribute_options(ret_val)
+            options += sub_options
+          end
+        end
+        ret_val = [ret_val] unless ret_val.class == Array
+        [options, ret_val]
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+    def remove_attributes_protected_from_mass_assignment(targets)
+      needless_attributes = {}
+      (attributes_protected_by_default +
+       (self.class.protected_attributes || [])).each do |name|
+        needless_attributes[to_real_attribute_name(name)] = true
+      end
+
+      targets.collect do |key, value|
+        [to_real_attribute_name(key) || key, value]
+      end.reject do |key, value|
+        needless_attributes[key]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def attributes_protected_by_default
+      [dn_attribute, 'objectClass']
+    end
+
+    def normalize_attribute_name(name)
+      self.class.normalize_attribute_name(name)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_ldap/base.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1256 @@
+# === activeldap - an OO-interface to LDAP objects inspired by ActiveRecord
+# Author: Will Drewry <will@alum.bu.edu>
+# License: See LICENSE and COPYING.txt
+# Copyright 2004-2006 Will Drewry <will@alum.bu.edu>
+# Some portions Copyright 2006 Google Inc
+#
+# == Summary
+# ActiveLdap lets you read and update LDAP entries in a completely object
+# oriented fashion, even handling attributes with multiple names seamlessly.
+# It was inspired by ActiveRecord so extending it to deal with custom
+# LDAP schemas is as effortless as knowing the 'ou' of the objects, and the
+# primary key. (fix this up some)
+#
+# == Example
+#   irb> require 'active_ldap'
+#   > true
+#   irb> user = ActiveLdap::User.new("drewry")
+#   > #<ActiveLdap::User:0x402e...
+#   irb> user.cn
+#   > "foo"
+#   irb> user.common_name
+#   > "foo"
+#   irb> user.cn = "Will Drewry"
+#   > "Will Drewry"
+#   irb> user.cn
+#   > "Will Drewry"
+#   irb> user.save
+#
+#
+
+require 'English'
+require 'thread'
+
+module ActiveLdap
+  # OO-interface to LDAP assuming pam/nss_ldap-style organization with
+  # Active specifics
+  # Each subclass does a ldapsearch for the matching entry.
+  # If no exact match, raise an error.
+  # If match, change all LDAP attributes in accessor attributes on the object.
+  # -- these are ACTUALLY populated from schema - see active_ldap/schema.rb
+  #    example
+  # -- extract objectClasses from match and populate
+  # Multiple entries become lists.
+  # If this isn't read-only then lists become multiple entries, etc.
+
+  class Error < StandardError
+    include GetTextSupport
+  end
+
+  # ConfigurationError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when there is a problem with Base.connect arguments
+  class ConfigurationError < Error
+  end
+
+  # DeleteError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when an ActiveLdap delete action fails
+  class DeleteError < Error
+  end
+
+  # SaveError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when an ActiveLdap save action failes
+  class SaveError < Error
+  end
+
+  # AuthenticationError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when user authentication fails
+  class AuthenticationError < Error
+  end
+
+  # ConnectionError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when the LDAP conenction fails
+  class ConnectionError < Error
+  end
+
+  # ObjectClassError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when an objectClass is not defined in the schema
+  class ObjectClassError < Error
+  end
+
+  # AttributeAssignmentError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when there is an issue assigning a value to
+  # an attribute
+  class AttributeAssignmentError < Error
+  end
+
+  # TimeoutError
+  #
+  # An exception raised when a connection action fails due to a timeout
+  class TimeoutError < Error
+  end
+
+  class EntryNotFound < Error
+  end
+
+  class EntryAlreadyExist < Error
+  end
+
+  class StrongAuthenticationRequired < Error
+  end
+
+  class DistinguishedNameInvalid < Error
+    attr_reader :dn, :reason
+    def initialize(dn, reason=nil)
+      @dn = dn
+      @reason = reason
+      if @reason
+        message = _("%s is invalid distinguished name (DN): %s") % [@dn, @reason]
+      else
+        message = _("%s is invalid distinguished name (DN)") % @dn
+      end
+      super(message)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DistinguishedNameNotSetError < Error
+  end
+
+  class EntryNotSaved < Error
+  end
+
+  class RequiredObjectClassMissed < Error
+  end
+
+  class RequiredAttributeMissed < Error
+  end
+
+  class EntryInvalid < Error
+  end
+
+  class OperationNotPermitted < Error
+  end
+
+  class ConnectionNotEstablished < Error
+  end
+
+  class AdapterNotSpecified < Error
+  end
+
+  class AdapterNotFound < Error
+    attr_reader :adapter
+    def initialize(adapter)
+      @adapter = adapter
+      super(_("LDAP configuration specifies nonexistent %s adapter") % adapter)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class UnknownAttribute < Error
+    attr_reader :name
+    def initialize(name)
+      @name = name
+      super(_("%s is unknown attribute") % @name)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Base
+  #
+  # Base is the primary class which contains all of the core
+  # ActiveLdap functionality. It is meant to only ever be subclassed
+  # by extension classes.
+  class Base
+    include GetTextSupport
+    public :gettext
+
+    if Reloadable.const_defined?(:Deprecated)
+      include Reloadable::Deprecated
+    else
+      include Reloadable::Subclasses
+    end
+
+    VALID_LDAP_MAPPING_OPTIONS = [:dn_attribute, :prefix, :scope,
+                                  :classes, :recommended_classes]
+
+    cattr_accessor :logger
+    cattr_accessor :configurations
+    @@configurations = {}
+
+    def self.class_local_attr_accessor(search_ancestors, *syms)
+      syms.flatten.each do |sym|
+        class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def self.#{sym}(search_superclasses=#{search_ancestors})
+            @#{sym} ||= nil
+            return @#{sym} if @#{sym}
+            if search_superclasses
+              target = superclass
+              value = nil
+              loop do
+                break nil unless target.respond_to?(:#{sym})
+                value = target.#{sym}
+                break if value
+                target = target.superclass
+              end
+              value
+            else
+              nil
+            end
+          end
+          def #{sym}; self.class.#{sym}; end
+          def self.#{sym}=(value); @#{sym} = value; end
+          def #{sym}=(value); self.class.#{sym} = value; end
+        EOS
+      end
+    end
+
+    class_local_attr_accessor false, :prefix, :base, :dn_attribute
+    class_local_attr_accessor true, :scope
+    class_local_attr_accessor true, :required_classes, :recommended_classes
+
+    class << self
+      # Hide new in Base
+      private :new
+
+      # Connect and bind to LDAP creating a class variable for use by
+      # all ActiveLdap objects.
+      #
+      # == +config+
+      # +config+ must be a hash that may contain any of the following fields:
+      # :password_block, :logger, :host, :port, :base, :bind_dn,
+      # :try_sasl, :allow_anonymous
+      # :bind_dn specifies the DN to bind with.
+      # :password_block specifies a Proc object that will yield a String to
+      #   be used as the password when called.
+      # :logger specifies a preconfigured Log4r::Logger to be used for all
+      #   logging
+      # :host sets the LDAP server hostname
+      # :port sets the LDAP server port
+      # :base overwrites Base.base - this affects EVERYTHING
+      # :try_sasl indicates that a SASL bind should be attempted when binding
+      #   to the server (default: false)
+      # :sasl_mechanisms is an array of SASL mechanism to try
+      #   (default: ["GSSAPI", "CRAM-MD5", "EXTERNAL"])
+      # :allow_anonymous indicates that a true anonymous bind is allowed when
+      #   trying to bind to the server (default: true)
+      # :retries - indicates the number of attempts to reconnect that will be
+      #   undertaken when a stale connection occurs. -1 means infinite.
+      # :sasl_quiet - if true, sets @sasl_quiet on the Ruby/LDAP connection
+      # :method - whether to use :ssl, :tls, or :plain (unencrypted)
+      # :retry_wait - seconds to wait before retrying a connection
+      # :scope - dictates how to find objects. ONELEVEL by default to
+      #   avoid dn_attr collisions across OUs. Think before changing.
+      # :timeout - time in seconds - defaults to disabled. This CAN interrupt
+      #   search() requests. Be warned.
+      # :retry_on_timeout - whether to reconnect when timeouts occur. Defaults
+      #   to true
+      # See lib/configuration.rb for defaults for each option
+      def establish_connection(config=nil)
+        super
+        ensure_logger
+        connection.connect
+        # Make irb users happy with a 'true'
+        true
+      end
+
+      def create(attributes=nil, &block)
+        if attributes.is_a?(Array)
+          attributes.collect {|attrs| create(attrs, &block)}
+        else
+          object = new(attributes, &block)
+          object.save
+          object
+        end
+      end
+
+      # This class function is used to setup all mappings between the subclass
+      # and ldap for use in activeldap
+      #
+      # Example:
+      #   ldap_mapping :dn_attribute => 'uid', :prefix => 'ou=People',
+      #                :classes => ['top', 'posixAccount'],
+      #                :scope => :sub
+      def ldap_mapping(options={})
+        validate_ldap_mapping_options(options)
+        dn_attribute = options[:dn_attribute] || default_dn_attribute
+        prefix = options[:prefix] || default_prefix
+        classes = options[:classes]
+        recommended_classes = options[:recommended_classes]
+        scope = options[:scope]
+
+        self.dn_attribute = dn_attribute
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.required_classes = classes
+        self.recommended_classes = recommended_classes
+
+        public_class_method :new
+      end
+
+      alias_method :base_inheritable, :base
+      # Base.base
+      #
+      # This method when included into Base provides
+      # an inheritable, overwritable configuration setting
+      #
+      # This should be a string with the base of the
+      # ldap server such as 'dc=example,dc=com', and
+      # it should be overwritten by including
+      # configuration.rb into this class.
+      # When subclassing, the specified prefix will be concatenated.
+      def base
+        _base = base_inheritable
+        _base = configuration[:base] if _base.nil? and configuration
+        _base ||= base_inheritable(true)
+        [prefix, _base].find_all do |component|
+          component and !component.empty?
+        end.join(",")
+      end
+
+      alias_method :scope_without_validation=, :scope=
+      def scope=(scope)
+        validate_scope(scope)
+        self.scope_without_validation = scope
+      end
+
+      def validate_scope(scope)
+        scope = scope.to_sym if scope.is_a?(String)
+        return if scope.nil? or scope.is_a?(Symbol)
+        raise ConfigurationError,
+                _("scope '%s' must be a Symbol") % scope.inspect
+      end
+
+      def base_class
+        if self == Base or superclass == Base
+          self
+        else
+          superclass.base_class
+        end
+      end
+
+      def human_attribute_name(attribute_or_name)
+        msgid = human_attribute_name_msgid(attribute_or_name)
+        msgid ||= human_attribute_name_with_gettext(attribute_or_name)
+        s_(msgid)
+      end
+
+      def human_attribute_name_msgid(attribute_or_name)
+        if attribute_or_name.is_a?(Schema::Attribute)
+          name = attribute_or_name.name
+        else
+          attribute = schema.attribute(attribute_or_name)
+          return nil if attribute.id.nil?
+          if attribute.name == attribute_or_name or
+              attribute.aliases.include?(attribute_or_name)
+            name = attribute_or_name
+          else
+            return nil
+          end
+        end
+        "LDAP|Attribute|#{name}"
+      end
+
+      def human_attribute_description(attribute_or_name)
+        msgid = human_attribute_description_msgid(attribute_or_name)
+        return nil if msgid.nil?
+        s_(msgid)
+      end
+
+      def human_attribute_description_msgid(attribute_or_name)
+        if attribute_or_name.is_a?(Schema::Attribute)
+          attribute = attribute_or_name
+        else
+          attribute = schema.attribute(attribute_or_name)
+          return nil if attribute.nil?
+        end
+        description = attribute.description
+        return nil if description.nil?
+        "LDAP|Description|Attribute|#{attribute.name}|#{description}"
+      end
+
+      def human_object_class_name(object_class_or_name)
+        s_(human_object_class_name_msgid(object_class_or_name))
+      end
+
+      def human_object_class_name_msgid(object_class_or_name)
+        if object_class_or_name.is_a?(Schema::ObjectClass)
+          name = object_class_or_name.name
+        else
+          name = object_class_or_name
+        end
+        "LDAP|ObjectClass|#{name}"
+      end
+
+      def human_object_class_description(object_class_or_name)
+        msgid = human_object_class_description_msgid(object_class_or_name)
+        return nil if msgid.nil?
+        s_(msgid)
+      end
+
+      def human_object_class_description_msgid(object_class_or_name)
+        if object_class_or_name.is_a?(Schema::ObjectClass)
+          object_class = object_class_or_name
+        else
+          object_class = schema.object_class(object_class_or_name)
+          return nil if object_class.nil?
+        end
+        description = object_class.description
+        return nil if description.nil?
+        "LDAP|Description|ObjectClass|#{object_class.name}|#{description}"
+      end
+
+      private
+      def validate_ldap_mapping_options(options)
+        options.assert_valid_keys(VALID_LDAP_MAPPING_OPTIONS)
+      end
+
+      def ensure_logger
+        @@logger ||= configuration[:logger]
+        # Setup default logger to console
+        if @@logger.nil?
+          require 'log4r'
+          @@logger = Log4r::Logger.new('activeldap')
+          @@logger.level = Log4r::OFF
+          Log4r::StderrOutputter.new 'console'
+          @@logger.add('console')
+        end
+        configuration[:logger] ||= @@logger
+      end
+
+      def instantiate(args)
+        dn, attributes, options = args
+        options ||= {}
+        if self.class == Class
+          klass = self.ancestors[0].to_s.split(':').last
+          real_klass = self.ancestors[0]
+        else
+          klass = self.class.to_s.split(':').last
+          real_klass = self.class
+        end
+
+        obj = real_klass.allocate
+        conn = options[:connection] || connection
+        obj.connection = conn if conn != connection
+        obj.instance_eval do
+          initialize_by_ldap_data(dn, attributes)
+        end
+        obj
+      end
+
+      def default_dn_attribute
+        if name.empty?
+          dn_attribute = nil
+          parent_class = ancestors[1]
+          if parent_class.respond_to?(:dn_attribute)
+            dn_attribute = parent_class.dn_attribute
+          end
+          dn_attribute || "cn"
+        else
+          Inflector.underscore(Inflector.demodulize(name))
+        end
+      end
+
+      def default_prefix
+        if name.empty?
+          nil
+        else
+          "ou=#{Inflector.pluralize(Inflector.demodulize(name))}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    self.scope = :sub
+    self.required_classes = ['top']
+    self.recommended_classes = []
+
+    include Enumerable
+
+    ### All instance methods, etc
+
+    # new
+    #
+    # Creates a new instance of Base initializing all class and all
+    # initialization.  Defines local defaults. See examples If multiple values
+    # exist for dn_attribute, the first one put here will be authoritative
+    def initialize(attributes=nil)
+      init_base
+      @new_entry = true
+      initial_classes = required_classes | recommended_classes
+      if attributes.nil?
+        apply_object_class(initial_classes)
+      elsif attributes.is_a?(String) or attributes.is_a?(Array)
+        apply_object_class(initial_classes)
+        self.dn = attributes
+      elsif attributes.is_a?(Hash)
+        classes, attributes = extract_object_class(attributes)
+        apply_object_class(classes | initial_classes)
+        normalized_attributes = {}
+        attributes.each do |key, value|
+          real_key = to_real_attribute_name(key) || key
+          normalized_attributes[real_key] = value
+        end
+        self.dn = normalized_attributes[dn_attribute]
+        self.attributes = normalized_attributes
+      else
+        message = _("'%s' must be either nil, DN value as String or Array " \
+                    "or attributes as Hash") % attributes.inspect
+        raise ArgumentError, message
+      end
+      yield self if block_given?
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the +comparison_object+ is the same object, or is of
+    # the same type and has the same dn.
+    def ==(comparison_object)
+      comparison_object.equal?(self) or
+        (comparison_object.instance_of?(self.class) and
+         comparison_object.dn == dn and
+         !comparison_object.new_entry?)
+    end
+
+    # Delegates to ==
+    def eql?(comparison_object)
+      self == (comparison_object)
+    end
+
+    # Delegates to id in order to allow two records of the same type and id
+    # to work with something like:
+    #   [ User.find("a"), User.find("b"), User.find("c") ] &
+    #     [ User.find("a"), User.find("d") ] # => [ User.find("a") ]
+    def hash
+      dn.hash
+    end
+
+    def may
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+      @may
+    end
+
+    def must
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+      @must
+    end
+
+    # attributes
+    #
+    # Return attribute methods so that a program can determine available
+    # attributes dynamically without schema awareness
+    def attribute_names(normalize=false)
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+      names = @attr_methods.keys
+      if normalize
+        names.collect do |name|
+          to_real_attribute_name(name)
+        end.uniq
+      else
+        names
+      end
+    end
+
+    def attribute_present?(name)
+      values = get_attribute(name, true)
+      !values.empty? or values.any? {|x| not (x and x.empty?)}
+    end
+
+    # exist?
+    #
+    # Return whether the entry exists in LDAP or not
+    def exist?
+      self.class.exists?(dn)
+    end
+    alias_method(:exists?, :exist?)
+
+    # new_entry?
+    #
+    # Return whether the entry is new entry in LDAP or not
+    def new_entry?
+      @new_entry
+    end
+
+    # dn
+    #
+    # Return the authoritative dn
+    def dn
+      dn_value = id
+      if dn_value.nil?
+        raise DistinguishedNameNotSetError.new,
+                _("%s's DN attribute (%s) isn't set") % [self, dn_attribute]
+      end
+      _base = base
+      _base = nil if _base.empty?
+      ["#{dn_attribute}=#{dn_value}", _base].compact.join(",")
+    end
+
+    def id
+      get_attribute(dn_attribute)
+    end
+
+    def to_param
+      id
+    end
+
+    def dn=(value)
+      set_attribute(dn_attribute, value)
+    end
+    alias_method(:id=, :dn=)
+
+    alias_method(:dn_attribute_of_class, :dn_attribute)
+    def dn_attribute
+      @dn_attribute || dn_attribute_of_class
+    end
+
+    # destroy
+    #
+    # Delete this entry from LDAP
+    def destroy
+      begin
+        self.class.delete(dn)
+        @new_entry = true
+      rescue Error
+        raise DeleteError.new(_("Failed to delete LDAP entry: %s") % dn)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def delete(options={})
+      super(dn, options)
+    end
+
+    # save
+    #
+    # Save and validate this object into LDAP
+    # either adding or replacing attributes
+    # TODO: Relative DN support
+    def save
+      create_or_update
+    end
+
+    def save!
+      unless create_or_update
+        raise EntryNotSaved, _("entry %s can't be saved") % dn
+      end
+    end
+
+    # method_missing
+    #
+    # If a given method matches an attribute or an attribute alias
+    # then call the appropriate method.
+    # TODO: Determine if it would be better to define each allowed method
+    #       using class_eval instead of using method_missing.  This would
+    #       give tab completion in irb.
+    def method_missing(name, *args, &block)
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+
+      key = name.to_s
+      case key
+      when /=$/
+        real_key = $PREMATCH
+        if have_attribute?(real_key, ['objectClass'])
+          if args.size != 1
+            raise ArgumentError,
+                    _("wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)") % args.size
+          end
+          return set_attribute(real_key, *args, &block)
+        end
+      when /(?:(_before_type_cast)|(\?))?$/
+        real_key = $PREMATCH
+        before_type_cast = !$1.nil?
+        query = !$2.nil?
+        if have_attribute?(real_key, ['objectClass'])
+          if args.size > 1
+            raise ArgumentError,
+              _("wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)") % args.size
+          end
+          if before_type_cast
+            return get_attribute_before_type_cast(real_key, *args)
+          elsif query
+            return get_attribute_as_query(real_key, *args)
+          else
+            return get_attribute(real_key, *args)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      super
+    end
+
+    # Add available attributes to the methods
+    def methods(inherited_too=true)
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+      target_names = @attr_methods.keys + @attr_aliases.keys
+      target_names -= ['objectClass', Inflector.underscore('objectClass')]
+      super + target_names.uniq.collect do |x|
+        [x, "#{x}=", "#{x}?", "#{x}_before_type_cast"]
+      end.flatten
+    end
+
+    alias_method :respond_to_without_attributes?, :respond_to?
+    def respond_to?(name, include_priv=false)
+      have_attribute?(name.to_s) or
+        (/(?:=|\?|_before_type_cast)$/ =~ name.to_s and
+         have_attribute?($PREMATCH)) or
+        super
+    end
+
+    # Updates a given attribute and saves immediately
+    def update_attribute(name, value)
+      send("#{name}=", value)
+      save
+    end
+
+    # This performs a bulk update of attributes and immediately
+    # calls #save.
+    def update_attributes(attrs)
+      self.attributes = attrs
+      save
+    end
+
+    def update_attributes!(attrs)
+      self.attributes = attrs
+      save!
+    end
+
+    # This returns the key value pairs in @data with all values
+    # cloned
+    def attributes
+      Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(@data))
+    end
+
+    # This allows a bulk update to the attributes of a record
+    # without forcing an immediate save or validation.
+    #
+    # It is unwise to attempt objectClass updates this way.
+    # Also be sure to only pass in key-value pairs of your choosing.
+    # Do not let URL/form hackers supply the keys.
+    def attributes=(hash_or_assoc)
+      _schema = nil
+      targets = remove_attributes_protected_from_mass_assignment(hash_or_assoc)
+      targets.each do |key, value|
+        setter = "#{key}="
+        unless respond_to?(setter)
+          _schema ||= schema
+          attribute = _schema.attribute(key)
+          next if attribute.id.nil?
+          define_attribute_methods(attribute)
+        end
+        send(setter, value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_ldif
+      super(dn, normalize_data(@data))
+    end
+
+    def to_xml(options={})
+      root = options[:root] || Inflector.underscore(self.class.name)
+      result = "<#{root}>\n"
+      result << "  <dn>#{dn}</dn>\n"
+      normalize_data(@data).sort_by {|key, values| key}.each do |key, values|
+        targets = []
+        values.each do |value|
+          if value.is_a?(Hash)
+            value.each do |option, real_value|
+              targets << [real_value, " #{option}=\"true\""]
+            end
+          else
+            targets << [value]
+          end
+        end
+        targets.sort_by {|value, attr| value}.each do |value, attr|
+          result << "  <#{key}#{attr}>#{value}</#{key}>\n"
+        end
+      end
+      result << "</#{root}>\n"
+      result
+    end
+
+    def have_attribute?(name, except=[])
+      real_name = to_real_attribute_name(name)
+      real_name and !except.include?(real_name)
+    end
+    alias_method :has_attribute?, :have_attribute?
+
+    def reload
+      clear_association_cache
+      _, attributes = search(:value => id).find do |_dn, _attributes|
+        dn == _dn
+      end
+      if attributes.nil?
+        raise EntryNotFound, _("Can't find DN '%s' to reload") % dn
+      end
+
+      @ldap_data.update(attributes)
+      classes, attributes = extract_object_class(attributes)
+      apply_object_class(classes)
+      self.attributes = attributes
+      @new_entry = false
+      self
+    end
+
+    def [](name, force_array=false)
+      if name == "dn"
+        array_of(dn, force_array)
+      else
+        get_attribute(name, force_array)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def []=(name, value)
+      set_attribute(name, value)
+    end
+
+    def each
+      @data.each do |key, values|
+        yield(key.dup, values.dup)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def establish_connection(config={})
+      if config.is_a?(Hash)
+        config = {:bind_dn => dn, :allow_anonymous => false}.merge(config)
+      end
+      super(config)
+      before_connection = @connection
+      begin
+        @connection = nil
+        connection.connect
+        @connection = connection
+        @schema = nil
+        clear_association_cache
+      rescue ActiveLdap::Error
+        remove_connection
+        @connection = before_connection
+        raise
+      end
+      true
+    end
+
+    def schema
+      @schema ||= super
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      schema, @schema = @schema, nil
+      must, may = @must, @may
+      object_classes = @object_classes
+      @must, @may = @must.collect(&:name), @may.collect(&:name)
+      @object_classes = @object_classes.collect(&:name)
+      super
+    ensure
+      @schema = schema
+      @must = must
+      @may = may
+      @object_classes = object_classes
+    end
+
+    private
+    def extract_object_class(attributes)
+      classes = []
+      attrs = attributes.stringify_keys.reject do |key, value|
+        if key == 'objectClass' or
+            key.underscore == 'object_class' or
+            key.downcase == 'objectclass'
+          classes |= [value].flatten
+          true
+        else
+          false
+        end
+      end
+      [classes, attrs]
+    end
+
+    def init_base
+      check_configuration
+      init_instance_variables
+    end
+
+    def initialize_by_ldap_data(dn, attributes)
+      init_base
+      @new_entry = false
+      @ldap_data = attributes
+      classes, attributes = extract_object_class(attributes)
+      apply_object_class(classes)
+      self.dn = dn
+      self.attributes = attributes
+      yield self if block_given?
+    end
+
+    def instantiate(args)
+      dn, attributes, options = args
+      options ||= {}
+
+      obj = self.class.allocate
+      obj.connection = options[:connection] || @connection
+      obj.instance_eval do
+        initialize_by_ldap_data(dn, attributes)
+      end
+      obj
+    end
+
+    def to_real_attribute_name(name, allow_normalized_name=false)
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+      name = name.to_s
+      real_name = @attr_methods[name]
+      real_name ||= @attr_aliases[Inflector.underscore(name)]
+      if real_name
+        real_name
+      elsif allow_normalized_name
+        @attr_methods[@normalized_attr_names[normalize_attribute_name(name)]]
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def ensure_apply_object_class
+      current_object_class = @data['objectClass']
+      return if current_object_class.nil? or current_object_class == @last_oc
+      apply_object_class(current_object_class)
+    end
+
+    # enforce_type
+    #
+    # enforce_type applies your changes without attempting to write to LDAP.
+    # This means that if you set userCertificate to somebinary value, it will
+    # wrap it up correctly.
+    def enforce_type(key, value)
+      ensure_apply_object_class
+      # Enforce attribute value formatting
+      normalize_attribute(key, value)[1]
+    end
+
+    def init_instance_variables
+      @mutex = Mutex.new
+      @data = {} # where the r/w entry data is stored
+      @ldap_data = {} # original ldap entry data
+      @attr_methods = {} # list of valid method calls for attributes used for
+                         # dereferencing
+      @normalized_attr_names = {} # list of normalized attribute name
+      @attr_aliases = {} # aliases of @attr_methods
+      @last_oc = false # for use in other methods for "caching"
+      @dn_attribute = nil
+      @base = nil
+      @scope = nil
+      @connection ||= nil
+    end
+
+    # apply_object_class
+    #
+    # objectClass= special case for updating appropriately
+    # This updates the objectClass entry in @data. It also
+    # updating all required and allowed attributes while
+    # removing defined attributes that are no longer valid
+    # given the new objectclasses.
+    def apply_object_class(val)
+      new_oc = val
+      new_oc = [val] if new_oc.class != Array
+      new_oc = new_oc.uniq
+      return new_oc if @last_oc == new_oc
+
+      # Store for caching purposes
+      @last_oc = new_oc.dup
+
+      # Set the actual objectClass data
+      define_attribute_methods(schema.attribute('objectClass'))
+      replace_class(*new_oc)
+
+      # Build |data| from schema
+      # clear attr_method mapping first
+      @attr_methods = {}
+      @normalized_attr_names = {}
+      @attr_aliases = {}
+      @must = []
+      @may = []
+      @object_classes = []
+      new_oc.each do |objc|
+        # get all attributes for the class
+        object_class = schema.object_class(objc)
+        @object_classes << object_class
+        @must.concat(object_class.must)
+        @may.concat(object_class.may)
+      end
+      @must.uniq!
+      @may.uniq!
+      (@must + @may).each do |attr|
+        # Update attr_method with appropriate
+        define_attribute_methods(attr)
+      end
+    end
+
+    alias_method :base_of_class, :base
+    def base
+      [@base, base_of_class].compact.join(",")
+    end
+
+    undef_method :base=
+    def base=(object_local_base)
+      @base = object_local_base
+    end
+
+    alias_method :scope_of_class, :scope
+    def scope
+      @scope || scope_of_class
+    end
+
+    undef_method :scope=
+    def scope=(scope)
+      self.class.validate_scope(scope)
+      @scope = scope
+    end
+
+    # get_attribute
+    #
+    # Return the value of the attribute called by method_missing?
+    def get_attribute(name, force_array=false)
+      get_attribute_before_type_cast(name, force_array)
+    end
+
+    def get_attribute_as_query(name, force_array=false)
+      value = get_attribute_before_type_cast(name, force_array)
+      if force_array
+        value.collect {|x| !false_value?(x)}
+      else
+        !false_value?(value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def false_value?(value)
+      value.nil? or value == false or value == [] or
+        value == "false" or value == "FALSE" or value == ""
+    end
+
+    def get_attribute_before_type_cast(name, force_array=false)
+      attr = to_real_attribute_name(name)
+
+      value = @data[attr] || []
+      # Return a copy of the stored data
+      if force_array
+        value.dup
+      else
+        array_of(value.dup, false)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # set_attribute
+    #
+    # Set the value of the attribute called by method_missing?
+    def set_attribute(name, value)
+      # Get the attr and clean up the input
+      attr = to_real_attribute_name(name)
+      raise UnknownAttribute.new(name) if attr.nil?
+
+      if attr == dn_attribute and value.is_a?(String)
+        new_dn_attribute, value, @base = split_dn_value(value)
+        new_dn_attribute = to_real_attribute_name(new_dn_attribute)
+        if dn_attribute != new_dn_attribute
+          @dn_attribute = attr = new_dn_attribute
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Enforce LDAP-pleasing values
+      real_value = value
+      # Squash empty values
+      if value.class == Array
+        real_value = value.collect {|c| (c.nil? or c.empty?) ? [] : c}.flatten
+      end
+      real_value = [] if real_value.nil?
+      real_value = [] if real_value == ''
+      real_value = [real_value] if real_value.class == String
+      real_value = [real_value.to_s] if real_value.class == Fixnum
+      # NOTE: Hashes are allowed for subtyping.
+
+      # Assign the value
+      @data[attr] = enforce_type(attr, real_value)
+
+      # Return the passed in value
+      @data[attr]
+    end
+
+    def split_dn_value(value)
+      dn_value = relative_dn_value = nil
+      begin
+        dn_value = DN.parse(value)
+      rescue DistinguishedNameInvalid
+        dn_value = DN.parse("#{dn_attribute}=#{value}")
+      end
+
+      begin
+        relative_dn_value = dn_value - DN.parse(base_of_class)
+        relative_dn_value = dn_value if relative_dn_value.rdns.empty?
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        relative_dn_value = dn_value
+      end
+
+      val, *bases = relative_dn_value.rdns
+      dn_attribute_name, dn_attribute_value = val.to_a[0]
+      [dn_attribute_name, dn_attribute_value,
+       bases.empty? ? nil : DN.new(*bases).to_s]
+    end
+
+    # define_attribute_methods
+    #
+    # Make a method entry for _every_ alias of a valid attribute and map it
+    # onto the first attribute passed in.
+    def define_attribute_methods(attr)
+      name = attr.name
+      return if @attr_methods.has_key?(name)
+      ([name] + attr.aliases).each do |ali|
+        @attr_methods[ali] = name
+        @attr_aliases[Inflector.underscore(ali)] = name
+        @normalized_attr_names[normalize_attribute_name(ali)] = name
+      end
+    end
+
+    # array_of
+    #
+    # Returns the array form of a value, or not an array if
+    # false is passed in.
+    def array_of(value, to_a=true)
+      case value
+      when Array
+        if to_a or value.size > 1
+          value.collect {|v| array_of(v, to_a)}
+        else
+          if value.empty?
+            nil
+          else
+            array_of(value.first, to_a)
+          end
+        end
+      when Hash
+        if to_a
+          [value]
+        else
+          result = {}
+          value.each {|k, v| result[k] = array_of(v, to_a)}
+          result
+        end
+      else
+        to_a ? [value.to_s] : value.to_s
+      end
+    end
+
+    def normalize_data(data, except=[])
+      _schema = schema
+      result = {}
+      data.each do |key, values|
+        next if except.include?(key)
+        real_name = to_real_attribute_name(key)
+        next if real_name and except.include?(real_name)
+        real_name ||= key
+        next if _schema.attribute(real_name).id.nil?
+        result[real_name] ||= []
+        result[real_name].concat(values)
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    def collect_modified_attributes(ldap_data, data)
+      attributes = []
+      # Now that all the options will be treated as unique attributes
+      # we can see what's changed and add anything that is brand-spankin'
+      # new.
+      ldap_data.each do |k, v|
+        value = data[k] || []
+
+        next if v == value
+
+        # Create mod entries
+        if value.empty?
+          # Since some types do not have equality matching rules,
+          # delete doesn't work
+          # Replacing with nothing is equivalent.
+          if !data.has_key?(k) and schema.attribute(k).binary_required?
+            value = [{'binary' => []}]
+          end
+        else
+          # Ditched delete then replace because attribs with no equality
+          # match rules will fails
+        end
+        attributes.push([:replace, k, value])
+      end
+      data.each do |k, v|
+        value = v || []
+        next if ldap_data.has_key?(k) or value.empty?
+
+        # Detect subtypes and account for them
+        # REPLACE will function like ADD, but doesn't hit EQUALITY problems
+        # TODO: Added equality(attr) to Schema
+        attributes.push([:replace, k, value])
+      end
+
+      attributes
+    end
+
+    def collect_all_attributes(data)
+      dn_attr = to_real_attribute_name(dn_attribute)
+      dn_value = data[dn_attr]
+
+      attributes = []
+      attributes.push([:add, dn_attr, dn_value])
+
+      oc_value = data['objectClass']
+      attributes.push([:add, 'objectClass', oc_value])
+      data.each do |key, value|
+        next if value.empty? or key == 'objectClass' or key == dn_attr
+
+        attributes.push([:add, key, value])
+      end
+
+      attributes
+    end
+
+    def check_configuration
+      unless dn_attribute
+        raise ConfigurationError,
+                _("dn_attribute isn't set for this class: %s") % self.class
+      end
+    end
+
+    def create_or_update
+      new_entry? ? create : update
+    end
+
+    def prepare_data_for_saving
+      # Expand subtypes to real ldap_data attributes
+      # We can't reuse @ldap_data because an exception would leave
+      # an object in an unknown state
+      ldap_data = normalize_data(@ldap_data)
+
+      # Expand subtypes to real data attributes, but leave @data alone
+      bad_attrs = @data.keys - attribute_names
+      data = normalize_data(@data, bad_attrs)
+
+      success = yield(data, ldap_data)
+
+      if success
+        @ldap_data = Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(data))
+        # Delete items disallowed by objectclasses.
+        # They should have been removed from ldap.
+        bad_attrs.each do |remove_me|
+          @ldap_data.delete(remove_me)
+        end
+      end
+
+      success
+    end
+
+    def create
+      prepare_data_for_saving do |data, ldap_data|
+        attributes = collect_all_attributes(data)
+        add_entry(dn, attributes)
+        @new_entry = false
+        true
+      end
+    end
+
+    def update
+      prepare_data_for_saving do |data, ldap_data|
+        attributes = collect_modified_attributes(ldap_data, data)
+        modify_entry(dn, attributes)
+        true
+      end
+    end
+  end # Base
+end # ActiveLdap