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data/vendor/local/share/doc/pcre/html/pcrecallout.html ADDED Viewed

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+<html>
+<head>
+<title>pcrecallout specification</title>
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB">
+<h1>pcrecallout man page</h1>
+<p>
+Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+<br>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">SYNOPSIS</a>
+<li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">DESCRIPTION</a>
+<li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">MISSING CALLOUTS</a>
+<li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">THE CALLOUT INTERFACE</a>
+<li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">RETURN VALUES</a>
+<li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC6">AUTHOR</a>
+<li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC7">REVISION</a>
+</ul>
+<br><a name="SEC1" href="#TOC1">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
+<P>
+<b>#include &#60;pcre.h&#62;</b>
+</P>
+<P>
+<b>int (*pcre_callout)(pcre_callout_block *);</b>
+</P>
+<P>
+<b>int (*pcre16_callout)(pcre16_callout_block *);</b>
+</P>
+<P>
+<b>int (*pcre32_callout)(pcre32_callout_block *);</b>
+</P>
+<br><a name="SEC2" href="#TOC1">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
+<P>
+PCRE provides a feature called "callout", which is a means of temporarily
+passing control to the caller of PCRE in the middle of pattern matching. The
+caller of PCRE provides an external function by putting its entry point in the
+global variable <i>pcre_callout</i> (<i>pcre16_callout</i> for the 16-bit
+library, <i>pcre32_callout</i> for the 32-bit library). By default, this
+variable contains NULL, which disables all calling out.
+</P>
+<P>
+Within a regular expression, (?C) indicates the points at which the external
+function is to be called. Different callout points can be identified by putting
+a number less than 256 after the letter C. The default value is zero.
+For example, this pattern has two callout points:
+<pre>
+  (?C1)abc(?C2)def
+</pre>
+If the PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT option bit is set when a pattern is compiled, PCRE
+automatically inserts callouts, all with number 255, before each item in the
+pattern. For example, if PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT is used with the pattern
+<pre>
+  A(\d{2}|--)
+</pre>
+it is processed as if it were
+<br>
+<br>
+(?C255)A(?C255)((?C255)\d{2}(?C255)|(?C255)-(?C255)-(?C255))(?C255)
+<br>
+<br>
+Notice that there is a callout before and after each parenthesis and
+alternation bar. If the pattern contains a conditional group whose condition is
+an assertion, an automatic callout is inserted immediately before the
+condition. Such a callout may also be inserted explicitly, for example:
+<pre>
+  (?(?C9)(?=a)ab|de)
+</pre>
+This applies only to assertion conditions (because they are themselves
+independent groups).
+</P>
+<P>
+Automatic callouts can be used for tracking the progress of pattern matching.
+The
+<a href="pcretest.html"><b>pcretest</b></a>
+program has a pattern qualifier (/C) that sets automatic callouts; when it is
+used, the output indicates how the pattern is being matched. This is useful
+information when you are trying to optimize the performance of a particular
+pattern.
+</P>
+<br><a name="SEC3" href="#TOC1">MISSING CALLOUTS</a><br>
+<P>
+You should be aware that, because of optimizations in the way PCRE compiles and
+matches patterns, callouts sometimes do not happen exactly as you might expect.
+</P>
+<P>
+At compile time, PCRE "auto-possessifies" repeated items when it knows that
+what follows cannot be part of the repeat. For example, a+[bc] is compiled as
+if it were a++[bc]. The <b>pcretest</b> output when this pattern is anchored and
+then applied with automatic callouts to the string "aaaa" is:
+<pre>
+  ---&#62;aaaa
+   +0 ^        ^
+   +1 ^        a+
+   +3 ^   ^    [bc]
+  No match
+</pre>
+This indicates that when matching [bc] fails, there is no backtracking into a+
+and therefore the callouts that would be taken for the backtracks do not occur.
+You can disable the auto-possessify feature by passing PCRE_NO_AUTO_POSSESS
+to <b>pcre_compile()</b>, or starting the pattern with (*NO_AUTO_POSSESS). If
+this is done in <b>pcretest</b> (using the /O qualifier), the output changes to
+this:
+<pre>
+  ---&#62;aaaa
+   +0 ^        ^
+   +1 ^        a+
+   +3 ^   ^    [bc]
+   +3 ^  ^     [bc]
+   +3 ^ ^      [bc]
+   +3 ^^       [bc]
+  No match
+</pre>
+This time, when matching [bc] fails, the matcher backtracks into a+ and tries
+again, repeatedly, until a+ itself fails.
+</P>
+<P>
+Other optimizations that provide fast "no match" results also affect callouts.
+For example, if the pattern is
+<pre>
+  ab(?C4)cd
+</pre>
+PCRE knows that any matching string must contain the letter "d". If the subject
+string is "abyz", the lack of "d" means that matching doesn't ever start, and
+the callout is never reached. However, with "abyd", though the result is still
+no match, the callout is obeyed.
+</P>
+<P>
+If the pattern is studied, PCRE knows the minimum length of a matching string,
+and will immediately give a "no match" return without actually running a match
+if the subject is not long enough, or, for unanchored patterns, if it has
+been scanned far enough.
+</P>
+<P>
+You can disable these optimizations by passing the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
+option to the matching function, or by starting the pattern with
+(*NO_START_OPT). This slows down the matching process, but does ensure that
+callouts such as the example above are obeyed.
+</P>
+<br><a name="SEC4" href="#TOC1">THE CALLOUT INTERFACE</a><br>
+<P>
+During matching, when PCRE reaches a callout point, the external function
+defined by <i>pcre_callout</i> or <i>pcre[16|32]_callout</i> is called (if it is
+set). This applies to both normal and DFA matching. The only argument to the
+callout function is a pointer to a <b>pcre_callout</b> or
+<b>pcre[16|32]_callout</b> block. These structures contains the following
+fields:
+<pre>
+  int           <i>version</i>;
+  int           <i>callout_number</i>;
+  int          *<i>offset_vector</i>;
+  const char   *<i>subject</i>;           (8-bit version)
+  PCRE_SPTR16   <i>subject</i>;           (16-bit version)
+  PCRE_SPTR32   <i>subject</i>;           (32-bit version)
+  int           <i>subject_length</i>;
+  int           <i>start_match</i>;
+  int           <i>current_position</i>;
+  int           <i>capture_top</i>;
+  int           <i>capture_last</i>;
+  void         *<i>callout_data</i>;
+  int           <i>pattern_position</i>;
+  int           <i>next_item_length</i>;
+  const unsigned char *<i>mark</i>;       (8-bit version)
+  const PCRE_UCHAR16  *<i>mark</i>;       (16-bit version)
+  const PCRE_UCHAR32  *<i>mark</i>;       (32-bit version)
+</pre>
+The <i>version</i> field is an integer containing the version number of the
+block format. The initial version was 0; the current version is 2. The version
+number will change again in future if additional fields are added, but the
+intention is never to remove any of the existing fields.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>callout_number</i> field contains the number of the callout, as compiled
+into the pattern (that is, the number after ?C for manual callouts, and 255 for
+automatically generated callouts).
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>offset_vector</i> field is a pointer to the vector of offsets that was
+passed by the caller to the matching function. When <b>pcre_exec()</b> or
+<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> is used, the contents can be inspected, in order to
+extract substrings that have been matched so far, in the same way as for
+extracting substrings after a match has completed. For the DFA matching
+functions, this field is not useful.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>subject</i> and <i>subject_length</i> fields contain copies of the values
+that were passed to the matching function.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>start_match</i> field normally contains the offset within the subject at
+which the current match attempt started. However, if the escape sequence \K
+has been encountered, this value is changed to reflect the modified starting
+point. If the pattern is not anchored, the callout function may be called
+several times from the same point in the pattern for different starting points
+in the subject.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>current_position</i> field contains the offset within the subject of the
+current match pointer.
+</P>
+<P>
+When the <b>pcre_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> is used, the
+<i>capture_top</i> field contains one more than the number of the highest
+numbered captured substring so far. If no substrings have been captured, the
+value of <i>capture_top</i> is one. This is always the case when the DFA
+functions are used, because they do not support captured substrings.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>capture_last</i> field contains the number of the most recently captured
+substring. However, when a recursion exits, the value reverts to what it was
+outside the recursion, as do the values of all captured substrings. If no
+substrings have been captured, the value of <i>capture_last</i> is -1. This is
+always the case for the DFA matching functions.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>callout_data</i> field contains a value that is passed to a matching
+function specifically so that it can be passed back in callouts. It is passed
+in the <i>callout_data</i> field of a <b>pcre_extra</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_extra</b>
+data structure. If no such data was passed, the value of <i>callout_data</i> in
+a callout block is NULL. There is a description of the <b>pcre_extra</b>
+structure in the
+<a href="pcreapi.html"><b>pcreapi</b></a>
+documentation.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>pattern_position</i> field is present from version 1 of the callout
+structure. It contains the offset to the next item to be matched in the pattern
+string.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>next_item_length</i> field is present from version 1 of the callout
+structure. It contains the length of the next item to be matched in the pattern
+string. When the callout immediately precedes an alternation bar, a closing
+parenthesis, or the end of the pattern, the length is zero. When the callout
+precedes an opening parenthesis, the length is that of the entire subpattern.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>pattern_position</i> and <i>next_item_length</i> fields are intended to
+help in distinguishing between different automatic callouts, which all have the
+same callout number. However, they are set for all callouts.
+</P>
+<P>
+The <i>mark</i> field is present from version 2 of the callout structure. In
+callouts from <b>pcre_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> it contains a
+pointer to the zero-terminated name of the most recently passed (*MARK),
+(*PRUNE), or (*THEN) item in the match, or NULL if no such items have been
+passed. Instances of (*PRUNE) or (*THEN) without a name do not obliterate a
+previous (*MARK). In callouts from the DFA matching functions this field always
+contains NULL.
+</P>
+<br><a name="SEC5" href="#TOC1">RETURN VALUES</a><br>
+<P>
+The external callout function returns an integer to PCRE. If the value is zero,
+matching proceeds as normal. If the value is greater than zero, matching fails
+at the current point, but the testing of other matching possibilities goes
+ahead, just as if a lookahead assertion had failed. If the value is less than
+zero, the match is abandoned, the matching function returns the negative value.
+</P>
+<P>
+Negative values should normally be chosen from the set of PCRE_ERROR_xxx
+values. In particular, PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH forces a standard "no match" failure.
+The error number PCRE_ERROR_CALLOUT is reserved for use by callout functions;
+it will never be used by PCRE itself.
+</P>
+<br><a name="SEC6" href="#TOC1">AUTHOR</a><br>
+<P>
+Philip Hazel
+<br>
+University Computing Service
+<br>
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+<br>
+</P>
+<br><a name="SEC7" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br>
+<P>
+Last updated: 12 November 2013
+<br>
+Copyright &copy; 1997-2013 University of Cambridge.
+<br>
+<p>
+Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
+</p>

data/vendor/local/share/doc/pcre/html/pcrecompat.html ADDED Viewed

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+<html>
+<head>
+<title>pcrecompat specification</title>
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB">
+<h1>pcrecompat man page</h1>
+<p>
+Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+<br>
+<br><b>
+DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE AND PERL
+</b><br>
+<P>
+This document describes the differences in the ways that PCRE and Perl handle
+regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to Perl
+versions 5.10 and above.
+</P>
+<P>
+1. PCRE has only a subset of Perl's Unicode support. Details of what it does
+have are given in the
+<a href="pcreunicode.html"><b>pcreunicode</b></a>
+page.
+</P>
+<P>
+2. PCRE allows repeat quantifiers only on parenthesized assertions, but they do
+not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does not assert that the
+next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the next character is
+not "a" three times (in principle: PCRE optimizes this to run the assertion
+just once). Perl allows repeat quantifiers on other assertions such as \b, but
+these do not seem to have any use.
+</P>
+<P>
+3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are
+counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sometimes
+(but not always) sets its numerical variables from inside negative assertions.
+</P>
+<P>
+4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are
+not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string,
+terminated by zero. The escape sequence \0 can be used in the pattern to
+represent a binary zero.
+</P>
+<P>
+5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \l, \u, \L,
+\U, and \N when followed by a character name or Unicode value. (\N on its
+own, matching a non-newline character, is supported.) In fact these are
+implemented by Perl's general string-handling and are not part of its pattern
+matching engine. If any of these are encountered by PCRE, an error is
+generated by default. However, if the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set,
+\U and \u are interpreted as JavaScript interprets them.
+</P>
+<P>
+6. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE is
+built with Unicode character property support. The properties that can be
+tested with \p and \P are limited to the general category properties such as
+Lu and Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, and the derived properties Any
+and L&. PCRE does support the Cs (surrogate) property, which Perl does not; the
+Perl documentation says "Because Perl hides the need for the user to understand
+the internal representation of Unicode characters, there is no need to
+implement the somewhat messy concept of surrogates."
+</P>
+<P>
+7. PCRE does support the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in
+between are treated as literals. This is slightly different from Perl in that $
+and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause
+variable interpolation (but of course PCRE does not have variables). Note the
+following examples:
+<pre>
+    Pattern            PCRE matches      Perl matches
+    \Qabc$xyz\E        abc$xyz           abc followed by the contents of $xyz
+    \Qabc\$xyz\E       abc\$xyz          abc\$xyz
+    \Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E   abc$xyz           abc$xyz
+</pre>
+The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes.
+</P>
+<P>
+8. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code})
+constructions. However, there is support for recursive patterns. This is not
+available in Perl 5.8, but it is in Perl 5.10. Also, the PCRE "callout"
+feature allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See
+the
+<a href="pcrecallout.html"><b>pcrecallout</b></a>
+documentation for details.
+</P>
+<P>
+9. Subpatterns that are called as subroutines (whether or not recursively) are
+always treated as atomic groups in PCRE. This is like Python, but unlike Perl.
+Captured values that are set outside a subroutine call can be reference from
+inside in PCRE, but not in Perl. There is a discussion that explains these
+differences in more detail in the
+<a href="pcrepattern.html#recursiondifference">section on recursion differences from Perl</a>
+in the
+<a href="pcrepattern.html"><b>pcrepattern</b></a>
+page.
+</P>
+<P>
+10. If any of the backtracking control verbs are used in a subpattern that is
+called as a subroutine (whether or not recursively), their effect is confined
+to that subpattern; it does not extend to the surrounding pattern. This is not
+always the case in Perl. In particular, if (*THEN) is present in a group that
+is called as a subroutine, its action is limited to that group, even if the
+group does not contain any | characters. Note that such subpatterns are
+processed as anchored at the point where they are tested.
+</P>
+<P>
+11. If a pattern contains more than one backtracking control verb, the first
+one that is backtracked onto acts. For example, in the pattern
+A(*COMMIT)B(*PRUNE)C a failure in B triggers (*COMMIT), but a failure in C
+triggers (*PRUNE). Perl's behaviour is more complex; in many cases it is the
+same as PCRE, but there are examples where it differs.
+</P>
+<P>
+12. Most backtracking verbs in assertions have their normal actions. They are
+not confined to the assertion.
+</P>
+<P>
+13. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured
+strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against
+the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE it is set to "b".
+</P>
+<P>
+14. PCRE's handling of duplicate subpattern numbers and duplicate subpattern
+names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE
+works internally just with numbers, using an external table to translate
+between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?&#60;a&#62;A)|(?&#60;b)B),
+where the two capturing parentheses have the same number but different names,
+is not supported, and causes an error at compile time. If it were allowed, it
+would not be possible to distinguish which parentheses matched, because both
+names map to capturing subpattern number 1. To avoid this confusing situation,
+an error is given at compile time.
+</P>
+<P>
+15. Perl recognizes comments in some places that PCRE does not, for example,
+between the ( and ? at the start of a subpattern. If the /x modifier is set,
+Perl allows white space between ( and ? (though current Perls warn that this is
+deprecated) but PCRE never does, even if the PCRE_EXTENDED option is set.
+</P>
+<P>
+16. Perl, when in warning mode, gives warnings for character classes such as
+[A-\d] or [a-[:digit:]]. It then treats the hyphens as literals. PCRE has no
+warning features, so it gives an error in these cases because they are almost
+certainly user mistakes.
+</P>
+<P>
+17. In PCRE, the upper/lower case character properties Lu and Ll are not
+affected when case-independent matching is specified. For example, \p{Lu}
+always matches an upper case letter. I think Perl has changed in this respect;
+in the release at the time of writing (5.16), \p{Lu} and \p{Ll} match all
+letters, regardless of case, when case independence is specified.
+</P>
+<P>
+18. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities.
+Perl 5.10 includes new features that are not in earlier versions of Perl, some
+of which (such as named parentheses) have been in PCRE for some time. This list
+is with respect to Perl 5.10:
+<br>
+<br>
+(a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE must match fixed length strings,
+each alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length
+of string. Perl requires them all to have the same length.
+<br>
+<br>
+(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not set, the $
+meta-character matches only at the very end of the string.
+<br>
+<br>
+(c) If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special
+meaning is faulted. Otherwise, like Perl, the backslash is quietly ignored.
+(Perl can be made to issue a warning.)
+<br>
+<br>
+(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
+inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a
+question mark they are.
+<br>
+<br>
+(e) PCRE_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried
+only at the first matching position in the subject string.
+<br>
+<br>
+(f) The PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, and
+PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options for <b>pcre_exec()</b> have no Perl equivalents.
+<br>
+<br>
+(g) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF
+by the PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF option.
+<br>
+<br>
+(h) The callout facility is PCRE-specific.
+<br>
+<br>
+(i) The partial matching facility is PCRE-specific.
+<br>
+<br>
+(j) Patterns compiled by PCRE can be saved and re-used at a later time, even on
+different hosts that have the other endianness. However, this does not apply to
+optimized data created by the just-in-time compiler.
+<br>
+<br>
+(k) The alternative matching functions (<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>,
+<b>pcre16_dfa_exec()</b> and <b>pcre32_dfa_exec()</b>,) match in a different way
+and are not Perl-compatible.
+<br>
+<br>
+(l) PCRE recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) at the start of
+a pattern that set overall options that cannot be changed within the pattern.
+</P>
+<br><b>
+AUTHOR
+</b><br>
+<P>
+Philip Hazel
+<br>
+University Computing Service
+<br>
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+<br>
+</P>
+<br><b>
+REVISION
+</b><br>
+<P>
+Last updated: 10 November 2013
+<br>
+Copyright &copy; 1997-2013 University of Cambridge.
+<br>
+<p>
+Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.
+</p>