rio 0.3.9 → 0.4.0
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- data/README +14 -8
- data/Rakefile +7 -9
- data/doc/ANNOUNCE +61 -46
- data/doc/RELEASE_NOTES +12 -3
- data/doc/RIOIS +7 -7
- data/doc/generators/template/html/rio.rb +7 -8
- data/doc/generators/template/html/ugly.rb +4 -2
- data/doc/pkg_def.rb +4 -10
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Kernel.html +133 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Kernel.src/M000233.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO.html +625 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO.src/M000001.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO.src/M000002.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO.src/M000003.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc.html +148 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/EXAMPLES.html +432 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/HOWTO.html +1075 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/INDEX.html +368 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/INTRO.html +1533 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/OPTIONAL.html +221 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/SYNOPSIS.html +337 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF.html +165 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/CSV.html +203 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/CSV.src/M000116.html +19 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/CSV.src/M000117.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/CSV.src/M000118.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.html +343 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000045.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000046.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000047.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000048.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000049.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000050.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Dir.src/M000051.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/File.html +223 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/File.src/M000212.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/File.src/M000213.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/File.src/M000214.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/File.src/M000215.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.html +572 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000155.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000156.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000157.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000158.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000159.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000160.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000161.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000162.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000163.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000164.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000165.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/FileOrDir.src/M000166.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Grande.html +1349 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Grande.src/M000089.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Grande.src/M000105.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/GrandeEntry.html +810 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/GrandeEntry.src/M000106.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/GrandeStream.html +1513 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.html +999 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000180.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000181.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000185.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000189.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000196.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000198.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000199.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000200.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000201.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000202.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000203.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000204.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000205.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000206.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000207.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Path.src/M000211.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/RubyIO.html +1414 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/RubyIO.src/M000005.html +16 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/String.html +203 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/IF/Test.html +990 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/created.rid +1 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/README.html +229 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/constructor_rb.html +141 -0
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- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/if/basic_rb.html +134 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/if/csv_rb.html +134 -0
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</li>
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|
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<li>a string representing a fully qualified <tt>file</tt> URI as per RFC1738
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
<pre>
|
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|
+
rio('file:///atopleveldir/adir/afile')
|
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+
</pre>
|
|
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+
</li>
|
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|
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<li>a <tt>URI</tt> object representing a <tt>file</tt> or generic <tt>URI</tt>
|
|
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|
+
|
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+
<pre>
|
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|
+
rio(URI('adir/afile'))
|
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|
+
</pre>
|
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|
+
</li>
|
|
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|
+
<li>the components of a path as separate arguments
|
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
<pre>
|
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|
+
rio('adir','afile')
|
|
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|
+
</pre>
|
|
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|
+
</li>
|
|
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|
+
<li>the components of a path as an array
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
<pre>
|
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|
+
rio(%w/adir afile/)
|
|
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|
+
</pre>
|
|
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|
+
</li>
|
|
182
|
+
<li>another Rio
|
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
<pre>
|
|
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|
+
another_rio = rio('adir/afile')
|
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|
+
rio(another_rio)
|
|
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|
+
</pre>
|
|
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|
+
</li>
|
|
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|
+
<li>any object whose <tt>to_s</tt> method returns one of the above
|
|
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|
+
|
|
191
|
+
<pre>
|
|
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|
+
rio(Pathname.new('apath'))
|
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+
</pre>
|
|
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|
+
</li>
|
|
195
|
+
<li>any combination of the above either as separate arguments or as elements of
|
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|
+
an array,
|
|
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|
+
|
|
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|
+
<pre>
|
|
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|
+
another_rio = rio('dir1/dir2')
|
|
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|
+
auri = URI('dir4/dir5)
|
|
201
|
+
rio(another_rio,'dir3',auri,'dir6/dir7')
|
|
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|
+
</pre>
|
|
203
|
+
</li>
|
|
204
|
+
</ul>
|
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|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a web page</h5>
|
|
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|
+
<p>
|
|
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|
+
To create a Rio that refers to a web page the arguments to <tt>rio</tt> may
|
|
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|
+
be:
|
|
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|
+
</p>
|
|
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|
+
<ul>
|
|
211
|
+
<li>a string representing a fully qualified <tt>http</tt> URI
|
|
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|
+
|
|
213
|
+
<pre>
|
|
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|
+
rio('http://ruby-doc.org/index.html')
|
|
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|
+
</pre>
|
|
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|
+
</li>
|
|
217
|
+
<li>a <tt>URI</tt> object representing a <tt>http</tt> <tt>URI</tt>
|
|
218
|
+
|
|
219
|
+
<pre>
|
|
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|
+
rio(URI('http://ruby-doc.org/index.html'))
|
|
221
|
+
</pre>
|
|
222
|
+
</li>
|
|
223
|
+
<li>either of the above with additional path elements
|
|
224
|
+
|
|
225
|
+
<pre>
|
|
226
|
+
rio('http://www.ruby-doc.org/','core','classes/Object.html')
|
|
227
|
+
</pre>
|
|
228
|
+
</li>
|
|
229
|
+
</ul>
|
|
230
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a file or directory on a FTP server</h5>
|
|
231
|
+
<p>
|
|
232
|
+
To create a Rio that refers to a file on a FTP server the arguments to
|
|
233
|
+
<tt>rio</tt> may be:
|
|
234
|
+
</p>
|
|
235
|
+
<ul>
|
|
236
|
+
<li>a string representing a fully qualified <tt>ftp</tt> URI
|
|
237
|
+
|
|
238
|
+
<pre>
|
|
239
|
+
rio('ftp://user:password@ftp.example.com/afile.tar.gz')
|
|
240
|
+
</pre>
|
|
241
|
+
</li>
|
|
242
|
+
<li>a <tt>URI</tt> object representing a <tt>ftp</tt> <tt>URI</tt>
|
|
243
|
+
|
|
244
|
+
<pre>
|
|
245
|
+
rio(URI('ftp://ftp.example.com/afile.tar.gz'))
|
|
246
|
+
</pre>
|
|
247
|
+
</li>
|
|
248
|
+
<li>either of the above with additional path elements
|
|
249
|
+
|
|
250
|
+
<pre>
|
|
251
|
+
rio('ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu','emacs','windows','README')
|
|
252
|
+
</pre>
|
|
253
|
+
</li>
|
|
254
|
+
</ul>
|
|
255
|
+
<h4>Creating Rios that do not have a path</h4>
|
|
256
|
+
<p>
|
|
257
|
+
To create a Rio without a path, the first argument to <tt>rio</tt> is
|
|
258
|
+
usually a single character.
|
|
259
|
+
</p>
|
|
260
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a clone of your programs stdin or stdout.</h5>
|
|
261
|
+
<p>
|
|
262
|
+
<tt>rio(?-)</tt> (mnemonic: ’-’ is used by some Unix programs
|
|
263
|
+
to specify stdin or stdout in place of a file)
|
|
264
|
+
</p>
|
|
265
|
+
<p>
|
|
266
|
+
Just as a Rio that refers to a file, does not know whether that file will
|
|
267
|
+
be opened for reading or writing until an io operation is specified, a
|
|
268
|
+
<tt>stdio:</tt> Rio does not know whether it will connect to stdin or
|
|
269
|
+
stdout until an I/O operation is specified.
|
|
270
|
+
</p>
|
|
271
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a clone of your programs stderr.</h5>
|
|
272
|
+
<p>
|
|
273
|
+
<tt>rio(?=)</tt> (mnemonic: ’-’ refers to fileno 1, so
|
|
274
|
+
’=’ refers to fileno 2)
|
|
275
|
+
</p>
|
|
276
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to an arbitrary IO object.</h5>
|
|
277
|
+
<pre>
|
|
278
|
+
an_io = ::File.new('afile')
|
|
279
|
+
rio(an_io)
|
|
280
|
+
</pre>
|
|
281
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a file descriptor</h5>
|
|
282
|
+
<p>
|
|
283
|
+
<tt>rio(?#,fd)</tt> (mnemonic: a file descriptor is a number
|
|
284
|
+
’#’ )
|
|
285
|
+
</p>
|
|
286
|
+
<pre>
|
|
287
|
+
an_io = ::File.new('afile')
|
|
288
|
+
rio(an_io)
|
|
289
|
+
</pre>
|
|
290
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a StringIO object</h5>
|
|
291
|
+
<p>
|
|
292
|
+
<tt>rio(?")</tt> (mnemonic: ’"’ surrounds strings)
|
|
293
|
+
</p>
|
|
294
|
+
<ul>
|
|
295
|
+
<li>create a Rio that refers to its own string
|
|
296
|
+
|
|
297
|
+
</li>
|
|
298
|
+
</ul>
|
|
299
|
+
<pre>
|
|
300
|
+
rio(?")
|
|
301
|
+
</pre>
|
|
302
|
+
<ul>
|
|
303
|
+
<li>create a Rio that refers to a string of your choosing
|
|
304
|
+
|
|
305
|
+
</li>
|
|
306
|
+
</ul>
|
|
307
|
+
<pre>
|
|
308
|
+
astring = ""
|
|
309
|
+
rio(?",astring)
|
|
310
|
+
</pre>
|
|
311
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to a Temporary object</h5>
|
|
312
|
+
<p>
|
|
313
|
+
<tt>rio(??)</tt> (mnemonic: ’?’ you don’t know its name)
|
|
314
|
+
</p>
|
|
315
|
+
<p>
|
|
316
|
+
To create a temporary object that will become a file or a directory,
|
|
317
|
+
depending on how you use it:
|
|
318
|
+
</p>
|
|
319
|
+
<pre>
|
|
320
|
+
rio(??)
|
|
321
|
+
rio(??,basename='rio',tmpdir=Dir::tmpdir)
|
|
322
|
+
</pre>
|
|
323
|
+
<p>
|
|
324
|
+
To force it to become a directory:
|
|
325
|
+
</p>
|
|
326
|
+
<pre>
|
|
327
|
+
rio(??).mkdir
|
|
328
|
+
</pre>
|
|
329
|
+
<p>
|
|
330
|
+
or
|
|
331
|
+
</p>
|
|
332
|
+
<pre>
|
|
333
|
+
rio(??).chdir
|
|
334
|
+
</pre>
|
|
335
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that refers to an arbitrary TCPSocket</h5>
|
|
336
|
+
<pre>
|
|
337
|
+
rio('tcp:',hostname,port)
|
|
338
|
+
</pre>
|
|
339
|
+
<p>
|
|
340
|
+
or
|
|
341
|
+
</p>
|
|
342
|
+
<pre>
|
|
343
|
+
rio('tcp://hostname:port')
|
|
344
|
+
</pre>
|
|
345
|
+
<h5>Creating a Rio that runs an external program and connects to its stdin and stdout</h5>
|
|
346
|
+
<p>
|
|
347
|
+
<tt>rio(?-,cmd)</tt> (mnemonic: ’-’ is used by some Unix
|
|
348
|
+
programs to specify stdin or stdout in place of a file)
|
|
349
|
+
</p>
|
|
350
|
+
<p>
|
|
351
|
+
or
|
|
352
|
+
</p>
|
|
353
|
+
<p>
|
|
354
|
+
<tt>rio(?`,cmd)</tt> (mnemonic: ’`’ (backtick) runs an external
|
|
355
|
+
program in ruby)
|
|
356
|
+
</p>
|
|
357
|
+
<p>
|
|
358
|
+
This is Rio’s interface to IO#popen
|
|
359
|
+
</p>
|
|
360
|
+
<h3>Path Manipulation</h3>
|
|
361
|
+
<p>
|
|
362
|
+
Rio’s path manipulation methods are for the most part simply
|
|
363
|
+
forwarded to the File or URI classes with the return values converted to a
|
|
364
|
+
Rio.
|
|
365
|
+
</p>
|
|
366
|
+
<h4>Creating a Rio from a Rio’s component parts.</h4>
|
|
367
|
+
<p>
|
|
368
|
+
The Rio methods for creating a Rio from a Rio’s component parts are
|
|
369
|
+
<a href="../IF/Path.html#M000194">dirname</a>, <a
|
|
370
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000195">filename</a>, <a
|
|
371
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000193">basename</a>, and <a
|
|
372
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000192">extname</a>. The behavior of <a
|
|
373
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000193">basename</a> depends on the setting of the
|
|
374
|
+
<tt>ext</tt> configuration variable and is different from its counterpart
|
|
375
|
+
in the File class. The default value of the <tt>ext</tt> configuration
|
|
376
|
+
variable is the string returned File#extname. The <tt>ext</tt>
|
|
377
|
+
configuration variable can be changed using <a
|
|
378
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000189">ext</a> and <a
|
|
379
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000190">noext</a> and can be queried using <a
|
|
380
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000191">ext?</a>. This value is used by calls to <a
|
|
381
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000193">basename</a>.
|
|
382
|
+
</p>
|
|
383
|
+
<p>
|
|
384
|
+
<a href="../IF/Path.html#M000195">filename</a> returns the last component
|
|
385
|
+
of a path, and is basically the same as <tt>basename</tt> without
|
|
386
|
+
consideration of an extension.
|
|
387
|
+
</p>
|
|
388
|
+
<pre>
|
|
389
|
+
rio('afile.txt').basename #=> rio('afile')
|
|
390
|
+
rio('afile.txt').filename #=> rio('afile.txt')
|
|
391
|
+
|
|
392
|
+
ario = rio('afile.tar.gz')
|
|
393
|
+
ario.basename #=> rio('afile.tar')
|
|
394
|
+
ario.ext? #=> ".gz"
|
|
395
|
+
ario.ext('.tar.gz').basename #=> rio('afile')
|
|
396
|
+
ario.ext? #=> ".tar.gz"
|
|
397
|
+
</pre>
|
|
398
|
+
<h4>Changing a path’s component parts.</h4>
|
|
399
|
+
<p>
|
|
400
|
+
Rio also provides methods for changing the component parts of its path.
|
|
401
|
+
They are <a href="../IF/Path.html#M000198">dirname=</a>, <a
|
|
402
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000199">filename=</a>, <a
|
|
403
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000197">basename=</a>, and <a
|
|
404
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000196">extname=</a>. These methods replace the part
|
|
405
|
+
extracted as described above with their argument.
|
|
406
|
+
</p>
|
|
407
|
+
<pre>
|
|
408
|
+
ario = rio('dirA/dirB/afile.rb')
|
|
409
|
+
ario.dirname = 'dirC' # rio('dirC/afile.rb')
|
|
410
|
+
ario.basename = 'bfile' # rio('dirC/bfile.rb')
|
|
411
|
+
ario.extname = '.txt' # rio('dirC/bfile.txt')
|
|
412
|
+
ario.filename = 'cfile.rb' # rio('dirC/cfile.rb')
|
|
413
|
+
</pre>
|
|
414
|
+
<p>
|
|
415
|
+
Rio also has a <tt>rename</tt> mode which causes each of these to rename
|
|
416
|
+
the actual file system object as well as changing the Rio. This is
|
|
417
|
+
discussed in the section on Renaming and Moving.
|
|
418
|
+
</p>
|
|
419
|
+
<h4>Splitting a Rio</h4>
|
|
420
|
+
<p>
|
|
421
|
+
<a href="../IF/Grande.html#M000105">split</a> (or <a
|
|
422
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000201">splitpath</a>) returns an array of Rios, one
|
|
423
|
+
for each path element. (Note that this behavior differs from File#split.)
|
|
424
|
+
</p>
|
|
425
|
+
<pre>
|
|
426
|
+
rio('a/b/c').split #=> [rio('a'),rio('b'),rio('c')]
|
|
427
|
+
</pre>
|
|
428
|
+
<p>
|
|
429
|
+
The array returned is extended with a <tt>to_rio</tt> method, which will
|
|
430
|
+
put the parts back together again.
|
|
431
|
+
</p>
|
|
432
|
+
<pre>
|
|
433
|
+
ary = rio('a/b/c').split #=> [rio('a'),rio('b'),rio('c')]
|
|
434
|
+
ary.to_rio #=> rio('a/b/c')
|
|
435
|
+
</pre>
|
|
436
|
+
<h4>Creating a Rio by specifying the individual parts of its path</h4>
|
|
437
|
+
<p>
|
|
438
|
+
The first way to create a Rio by specifying its parts is to use the Rio
|
|
439
|
+
constructor <a href="../Rio.html#M000221">Rio#rio</a>. Since a Rio is among
|
|
440
|
+
the arguments the constructor will take, the constructor can be used.
|
|
441
|
+
</p>
|
|
442
|
+
<pre>
|
|
443
|
+
ario = rio('adir')
|
|
444
|
+
rio(ario,'b') #=> rio('adir/b')
|
|
445
|
+
</pre>
|
|
446
|
+
<p>
|
|
447
|
+
<a href="../IF/Path.html#M000200">join</a> and <a
|
|
448
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000202">/</a> do the same thing, but the operator
|
|
449
|
+
version <tt>/</tt> can take only one argument.
|
|
450
|
+
</p>
|
|
451
|
+
<pre>
|
|
452
|
+
a = rio('a')
|
|
453
|
+
b = rio('b')
|
|
454
|
+
c = a.join(b) #=> rio('a/b')
|
|
455
|
+
c = a/b #=> rio('a/b')
|
|
456
|
+
</pre>
|
|
457
|
+
<p>
|
|
458
|
+
The arguments to <a href="../IF/Path.html#M000200">join</a> and <a
|
|
459
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000202">/</a> do not need to be Rios, of course
|
|
460
|
+
</p>
|
|
461
|
+
<pre>
|
|
462
|
+
ario = rio('adir')
|
|
463
|
+
ario/'afile.rb' #=> rio('adir/afile.rb')
|
|
464
|
+
ario.join('b','c','d') #=> rio('adir/b/c/d')
|
|
465
|
+
ario/'b'/'c'/'d' #=> rio('adir/b/c/d')
|
|
466
|
+
ario /= 'e' #=> rio('adir/b/c/d/e')
|
|
467
|
+
</pre>
|
|
468
|
+
<h4>Manipulating a Rio path by treating it as a string.</h4>
|
|
469
|
+
<p>
|
|
470
|
+
The Rio methods which treat a Rio as a string are <a
|
|
471
|
+
href="../IF/String.html#M000217">sub</a>, <a
|
|
472
|
+
href="../IF/String.html#M000218">gsub</a> and <a
|
|
473
|
+
href="../IF/String.html#M000216">+</a>. These methods create a new Rio
|
|
474
|
+
using the string created by forwarding the method to the String returned by
|
|
475
|
+
<a href="../Rio.html#M000222">Rio#to_s</a>.
|
|
476
|
+
</p>
|
|
477
|
+
<pre>
|
|
478
|
+
ario = rio('dirA/dirB/afile') + '-1.1.1' # rio('dirA/dirB/afile-1.1.1')
|
|
479
|
+
brio = ario.sub(/^dirA/, 'dirC') # rio('dirC/dirB/afile-1.1.1')
|
|
480
|
+
</pre>
|
|
481
|
+
<h4>Creating a Rio based on its relationship to another</h4>
|
|
482
|
+
<p>
|
|
483
|
+
<a href="../IF/Path.html#M000186">abs</a> creates a new rio whose path is
|
|
484
|
+
the absolute path of a Rio. If called with an argument, it uses it as the
|
|
485
|
+
base path, otherwise it uses an internal base path (usually the current
|
|
486
|
+
working directory when it was created).
|
|
487
|
+
</p>
|
|
488
|
+
<pre>
|
|
489
|
+
rio('/tmp').chdir do
|
|
490
|
+
rio('a').abs #=> rio('/tmp/a')
|
|
491
|
+
rio('a').abs('/usr') #=> rio('/usr/a')
|
|
492
|
+
end
|
|
493
|
+
</pre>
|
|
494
|
+
<p>
|
|
495
|
+
<a href="../IF/Path.html#M000187">rel</a> creates a new rio with a path
|
|
496
|
+
relative to a Rio.
|
|
497
|
+
</p>
|
|
498
|
+
<pre>
|
|
499
|
+
rio('/tmp').chdir do
|
|
500
|
+
rio('/tmp/a').rel #=> rio('a')
|
|
501
|
+
end
|
|
502
|
+
rio('/tmp/b').rel('/tmp') #=> rio('b')
|
|
503
|
+
</pre>
|
|
504
|
+
<p>
|
|
505
|
+
<a href="../IF/Path.html#M000209">route_to</a> and <a
|
|
506
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000208">route_from</a> creates a new rio with a path
|
|
507
|
+
representing the route to get to/from a Rio. They are based on the methods
|
|
508
|
+
of the same names in the ::URI class
|
|
509
|
+
</p>
|
|
510
|
+
<h3>Configuring a Rio</h3>
|
|
511
|
+
<p>
|
|
512
|
+
The second step in using a rio is configuring it. Note that many times no
|
|
513
|
+
configuration is necessary and that this is not a comprehensive list of all
|
|
514
|
+
of Rio’s configuration methods.
|
|
515
|
+
</p>
|
|
516
|
+
<p>
|
|
517
|
+
Rio’s configuration mehods fall into three categories.
|
|
518
|
+
</p>
|
|
519
|
+
<ul>
|
|
520
|
+
<li>I/O manipulators
|
|
521
|
+
|
|
522
|
+
<p>
|
|
523
|
+
An I/O manipulator alters the behavior of a Rio’s underlying IO
|
|
524
|
+
object. These affect the behaviour of I/O methods which are forwarded
|
|
525
|
+
directly to the underlying object as well as the grande I/O methods.
|
|
526
|
+
</p>
|
|
527
|
+
</li>
|
|
528
|
+
<li>Grande configuration methods
|
|
529
|
+
|
|
530
|
+
<p>
|
|
531
|
+
The grande configuration methods affect the behaviour of Rio’s grande
|
|
532
|
+
I/O methods
|
|
533
|
+
</p>
|
|
534
|
+
</li>
|
|
535
|
+
<li>Grande selection methods
|
|
536
|
+
|
|
537
|
+
<p>
|
|
538
|
+
The grande selection methods select what data is returned by Rio’s
|
|
539
|
+
grande I/O methods
|
|
540
|
+
</p>
|
|
541
|
+
</li>
|
|
542
|
+
</ul>
|
|
543
|
+
<p>
|
|
544
|
+
All of Rio’s configuration and selection methods can be passed a
|
|
545
|
+
block, which will cause the Rio to behave as if <a
|
|
546
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000090">each</a> had been called with the block
|
|
547
|
+
after the method.
|
|
548
|
+
</p>
|
|
549
|
+
<h4>IO manipulators</h4>
|
|
550
|
+
<ul>
|
|
551
|
+
<li><tt>gzip</tt> a file on output, and ungzip it on input
|
|
552
|
+
|
|
553
|
+
<pre>
|
|
554
|
+
rio('afile.gz').gzip
|
|
555
|
+
</pre>
|
|
556
|
+
<p>
|
|
557
|
+
This causes the rio to read through a Zlib::GzipReader and to write
|
|
558
|
+
Zlib::GzipWriter.
|
|
559
|
+
</p>
|
|
560
|
+
</li>
|
|
561
|
+
<li><tt>chomp</tt> lines as they are read
|
|
562
|
+
|
|
563
|
+
<pre>
|
|
564
|
+
rio('afile').chomp
|
|
565
|
+
</pre>
|
|
566
|
+
<p>
|
|
567
|
+
This causes a Rio to call String#chomp on the the String returned by all
|
|
568
|
+
line oriented read operations.
|
|
569
|
+
</p>
|
|
570
|
+
</li>
|
|
571
|
+
</ul>
|
|
572
|
+
<h4>Grande configuration methods</h4>
|
|
573
|
+
<ul>
|
|
574
|
+
<li><tt>all</tt>, <tt>recurse</tt>, <tt>norecurse</tt>
|
|
575
|
+
|
|
576
|
+
<pre>
|
|
577
|
+
rio('adir').all
|
|
578
|
+
rio('adir').norecurse('CVS')
|
|
579
|
+
</pre>
|
|
580
|
+
<p>
|
|
581
|
+
These methods instruct the Rio to also include entries in subdirectories
|
|
582
|
+
when iterating through directories and control which subdirectories are
|
|
583
|
+
included or excluded.
|
|
584
|
+
</p>
|
|
585
|
+
</li>
|
|
586
|
+
<li><tt>bytes</tt>
|
|
587
|
+
|
|
588
|
+
<pre>
|
|
589
|
+
rio('afile').bytes(1024)
|
|
590
|
+
</pre>
|
|
591
|
+
<p>
|
|
592
|
+
This causes a Rio to read the specified number of bytes at a time as a file
|
|
593
|
+
is iterated through.
|
|
594
|
+
</p>
|
|
595
|
+
</li>
|
|
596
|
+
</ul>
|
|
597
|
+
<h4>Grande selection methods</h4>
|
|
598
|
+
<ul>
|
|
599
|
+
<li><tt>lines</tt>, <tt>skiplines</tt>
|
|
600
|
+
|
|
601
|
+
<pre>
|
|
602
|
+
rio('afile').lines(0..9)
|
|
603
|
+
rio('afile').skiplines(/^\s*#/)
|
|
604
|
+
</pre>
|
|
605
|
+
<p>
|
|
606
|
+
Strictly speaking these are both configuration and selection methods. They
|
|
607
|
+
configure the Rio to iterate through an input stream as lines. The
|
|
608
|
+
arguments select which lines are actually returned. Lines are included
|
|
609
|
+
(<tt>lines</tt>) or excluded (<tt>skiplines</tt>) if they match <b>any</b>
|
|
610
|
+
of the arguments as follows.
|
|
611
|
+
</p>
|
|
612
|
+
<p>
|
|
613
|
+
If the argument is a:
|
|
614
|
+
</p>
|
|
615
|
+
<table>
|
|
616
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>RegExp</tt>:</td><td>the line is matched against it
|
|
617
|
+
|
|
618
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
619
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Range</tt>:</td><td>the lineno is matched against it
|
|
620
|
+
|
|
621
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
622
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Integer</tt>:</td><td>the lineno is matched against it as if it were a one element range
|
|
623
|
+
|
|
624
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
625
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Symbol</tt>:</td><td>the symbol is <tt>sent</tt> to the string; the line is included unless it
|
|
626
|
+
returns false
|
|
627
|
+
|
|
628
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
629
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Proc</tt>:</td><td>the proc is called with the line as an argument; the line is included
|
|
630
|
+
unless it returns false
|
|
631
|
+
|
|
632
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
633
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Array</tt>:</td><td>an array containing any of the above, all of which must match for the line
|
|
634
|
+
to be included
|
|
635
|
+
|
|
636
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
637
|
+
</table>
|
|
638
|
+
</li>
|
|
639
|
+
<li><tt>entries</tt>, <tt>files</tt>, <tt>dirs</tt>, <tt>skipentries</tt>,
|
|
640
|
+
<tt>skipfiles</tt>, <tt>skipdirs</tt>
|
|
641
|
+
|
|
642
|
+
<pre>
|
|
643
|
+
rio('adir').files('*.txt')
|
|
644
|
+
rio('adir').skipfiles(/^\./)
|
|
645
|
+
</pre>
|
|
646
|
+
<p>
|
|
647
|
+
These methods select which entries will be returned when iterating throug
|
|
648
|
+
directories. Entries are included
|
|
649
|
+
(<tt>entries</tt>,<tt>files</tt>,<tt>dirs</tt>) or
|
|
650
|
+
excluded(<tt>skipentries</tt>,<tt>skipfiles</tt>,<tt>skipdirs</tt>) if they
|
|
651
|
+
match <b>any</b> of the arguments as follows.
|
|
652
|
+
</p>
|
|
653
|
+
<p>
|
|
654
|
+
If the argument is a:
|
|
655
|
+
</p>
|
|
656
|
+
<table>
|
|
657
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>String</tt>:</td><td>the arg is treated as a glob; the filname is matched against it
|
|
658
|
+
|
|
659
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
660
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>RegExp</tt>:</td><td>the filname is matched against it
|
|
661
|
+
|
|
662
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
663
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Symbol</tt>:</td><td>the symbol is <tt>sent</tt> to the entry (a Rio); the entry is included
|
|
664
|
+
unless it returns false
|
|
665
|
+
|
|
666
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
667
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Proc</tt>:</td><td>the proc is called with the entry (a Rio) as an argument; the entry is
|
|
668
|
+
included unless it returns false
|
|
669
|
+
|
|
670
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
671
|
+
<tr><td valign="top"><tt>Array</tt>:</td><td>an array containing any of the above, all of which must match for the line
|
|
672
|
+
to be included
|
|
673
|
+
|
|
674
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
675
|
+
</table>
|
|
676
|
+
</li>
|
|
677
|
+
<li><tt>records</tt>, <tt>rows</tt>, <tt>skiprecords</tt>, <tt>skiprows</tt>
|
|
678
|
+
|
|
679
|
+
<pre>
|
|
680
|
+
rio('afile').bytes(1024).records(0...10)
|
|
681
|
+
</pre>
|
|
682
|
+
<p>
|
|
683
|
+
These select items from an input stream just as <tt>lines</tt>, but without
|
|
684
|
+
specifying lines as the input record type. They can be used to select
|
|
685
|
+
different record types in extension modules. The only such module at this
|
|
686
|
+
writing is the CSV extension. In that case <tt>records</tt> causes each
|
|
687
|
+
line of a CSV file to be parsed into an array while <tt>lines</tt> causes
|
|
688
|
+
each line of the file to be returned normally.
|
|
689
|
+
</p>
|
|
690
|
+
</li>
|
|
691
|
+
</ul>
|
|
692
|
+
<h3>Rio I/O</h3>
|
|
693
|
+
<p>
|
|
694
|
+
As stated above the the three steps to using a Rio are:
|
|
695
|
+
</p>
|
|
696
|
+
<ul>
|
|
697
|
+
<li>Creating a Rio
|
|
698
|
+
|
|
699
|
+
</li>
|
|
700
|
+
<li>Configuring a Rio
|
|
701
|
+
|
|
702
|
+
</li>
|
|
703
|
+
<li>Doing I/O
|
|
704
|
+
|
|
705
|
+
</li>
|
|
706
|
+
</ul>
|
|
707
|
+
<p>
|
|
708
|
+
This section describes that final step.
|
|
709
|
+
</p>
|
|
710
|
+
<p>
|
|
711
|
+
After creating and configuring a Rio, the file-system has not been
|
|
712
|
+
accessed, no socket has been opened, not so much as a test for a files
|
|
713
|
+
existance has been done. When an I/O method is called on a Rio, the
|
|
714
|
+
sequence of events required to complete that operation on the underlying
|
|
715
|
+
object takes place. Rio takes care of creating the appropriate object (eg
|
|
716
|
+
IO,Dir), opening the object with the appropriate mode, performing the
|
|
717
|
+
operation, closing the object if required, and returning the results of the
|
|
718
|
+
operation.
|
|
719
|
+
</p>
|
|
720
|
+
<p>
|
|
721
|
+
Rio’s I/O operations can be divide into two catagories:
|
|
722
|
+
</p>
|
|
723
|
+
<ul>
|
|
724
|
+
<li>Proxy operations
|
|
725
|
+
|
|
726
|
+
</li>
|
|
727
|
+
<li>Grande operations
|
|
728
|
+
|
|
729
|
+
</li>
|
|
730
|
+
</ul>
|
|
731
|
+
<h4>Proxy operations</h4>
|
|
732
|
+
<p>
|
|
733
|
+
These are calls which are forwarded to the underlying object (eg
|
|
734
|
+
IO,Dir,Net::FTP), after appropriately creating and configuring that object.
|
|
735
|
+
The result produced by the method is returned, and the object is closed.
|
|
736
|
+
</p>
|
|
737
|
+
<p>
|
|
738
|
+
In some cases the result is modified before being returned, as when a Rio
|
|
739
|
+
is configured with <a href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000082">chomp</a>.
|
|
740
|
+
</p>
|
|
741
|
+
<p>
|
|
742
|
+
In all cases, if the result returned by the underlying object, could itself
|
|
743
|
+
be used for further I/O operations it is returned as a Rio. For example:
|
|
744
|
+
where File#dirname returns a string, <a
|
|
745
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000194">dirname</a> returns a Rio; where Dir#read
|
|
746
|
+
returns a string representing a directory entry, <a
|
|
747
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000160">read</a> returns a Rio.
|
|
748
|
+
</p>
|
|
749
|
+
<p>
|
|
750
|
+
With some noteable exceptions, most of the operations available if one were
|
|
751
|
+
using the underlying Ruby I/O class are available to the Rio and will
|
|
752
|
+
behave identically.
|
|
753
|
+
</p>
|
|
754
|
+
<p>
|
|
755
|
+
For things that exist on a file system:
|
|
756
|
+
</p>
|
|
757
|
+
<ul>
|
|
758
|
+
<li>All the methods in FileTest are available as Rio instance methods. For
|
|
759
|
+
example
|
|
760
|
+
|
|
761
|
+
<pre>
|
|
762
|
+
FileTest.file?('afile')
|
|
763
|
+
</pre>
|
|
764
|
+
<p>
|
|
765
|
+
becomes
|
|
766
|
+
</p>
|
|
767
|
+
<pre>
|
|
768
|
+
rio('afile').file?
|
|
769
|
+
</pre>
|
|
770
|
+
</li>
|
|
771
|
+
<li>All the instance methods of <tt>File</tt> except <tt>path</tt> are
|
|
772
|
+
available to a rio without change
|
|
773
|
+
|
|
774
|
+
</li>
|
|
775
|
+
<li>Most of the class methods of <tt>File</tt> are available.
|
|
776
|
+
|
|
777
|
+
<ul>
|
|
778
|
+
<li>For those that take a filename as their only argument the calls are mapped
|
|
779
|
+
to Rio instance methods as described above for FileTest.
|
|
780
|
+
|
|
781
|
+
</li>
|
|
782
|
+
<li><tt>dirname</tt>, and <tt>readlink</tt> return Rios instead of strings
|
|
783
|
+
|
|
784
|
+
</li>
|
|
785
|
+
<li>Rio has its own <a href="../IF/Path.html#M000193">basename</a>, <a
|
|
786
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000200">join</a> and <a
|
|
787
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000156">symlink</a>, which provide similar
|
|
788
|
+
functionality.
|
|
789
|
+
|
|
790
|
+
</li>
|
|
791
|
+
<li>The class methods which take multiple filenames
|
|
792
|
+
(<tt>chmod</tt>,<tt>chown</tt>,<tt>lchmod</tt>,<tt>lchown</tt>) are
|
|
793
|
+
available as Rio instance methods. For example
|
|
794
|
+
|
|
795
|
+
<pre>
|
|
796
|
+
File.chmod(0666,'afile')
|
|
797
|
+
</pre>
|
|
798
|
+
<p>
|
|
799
|
+
becomes
|
|
800
|
+
</p>
|
|
801
|
+
<pre>
|
|
802
|
+
rio('afile').chmod(06660)
|
|
803
|
+
</pre>
|
|
804
|
+
</li>
|
|
805
|
+
</ul>
|
|
806
|
+
</li>
|
|
807
|
+
</ul>
|
|
808
|
+
<p>
|
|
809
|
+
For I/O Streams
|
|
810
|
+
</p>
|
|
811
|
+
<p>
|
|
812
|
+
Most of the instance methods of IO are available, and most do the same
|
|
813
|
+
thing, with some interface changes. <b>The big exception to this is the
|
|
814
|
+
’<<’ operator.</b> This is one of Rio’s grande
|
|
815
|
+
operators. While the symantics one would use to write to an IO object would
|
|
816
|
+
actually accomplish the same thing with a Rio, It is a very different
|
|
817
|
+
operator. Read the section on grande operators. The other differences
|
|
818
|
+
between IO instance methods and the Rio equivelence can be summarized as
|
|
819
|
+
follows.
|
|
820
|
+
</p>
|
|
821
|
+
<ul>
|
|
822
|
+
<li>The simple instance methods (eg <tt>fcntl</tt>, <tt>eof?</tt>,
|
|
823
|
+
<tt>tty?</tt> etc.) are forwarded and the result returned as is
|
|
824
|
+
|
|
825
|
+
</li>
|
|
826
|
+
<li>Anywhere IO returns an IO, Rio returns a Rio
|
|
827
|
+
|
|
828
|
+
</li>
|
|
829
|
+
<li><tt>close</tt> and its cousins return the Rio.
|
|
830
|
+
|
|
831
|
+
</li>
|
|
832
|
+
<li><tt>each_byte</tt> and <tt>each_line</tt> are forwarded as is.
|
|
833
|
+
|
|
834
|
+
</li>
|
|
835
|
+
<li>All methods which read (read*,get*,each*) will cause the file to closed
|
|
836
|
+
when the end of file is reached. This behavior is configurable, but the
|
|
837
|
+
default is to close on eof
|
|
838
|
+
|
|
839
|
+
</li>
|
|
840
|
+
<li>The methods which write (put*,print*) are forwarded as is; put* and print*
|
|
841
|
+
return the Rio; write returns the value returned by IO#write; as mentioned
|
|
842
|
+
above ’<<’ is a grande operator in Rio.
|
|
843
|
+
|
|
844
|
+
</li>
|
|
845
|
+
</ul>
|
|
846
|
+
<p>
|
|
847
|
+
For directories:
|
|
848
|
+
</p>
|
|
849
|
+
<ul>
|
|
850
|
+
<li>all the instance methods of Dir are available except <tt>each</tt> which is
|
|
851
|
+
a grande method.
|
|
852
|
+
|
|
853
|
+
</li>
|
|
854
|
+
<li>the class methods <tt>mkdir</tt>, <tt>delete</tt>, <tt>rmdir</tt> are
|
|
855
|
+
provided as instance methods.
|
|
856
|
+
|
|
857
|
+
</li>
|
|
858
|
+
<li><tt>chdir</tt> is provided as an instance method. <a
|
|
859
|
+
href="../IF/Dir.html#M000045">chdir</a> returns a Rio and passes a Rio to a
|
|
860
|
+
block if one is provided.
|
|
861
|
+
|
|
862
|
+
</li>
|
|
863
|
+
<li><tt>glob</tt> is provided as an instance method, but returns an array of
|
|
864
|
+
Rios
|
|
865
|
+
|
|
866
|
+
</li>
|
|
867
|
+
<li><tt>foreach</tt> is not supported
|
|
868
|
+
|
|
869
|
+
</li>
|
|
870
|
+
<li><tt>each</tt> and <tt>[]</tt> have similar functionality provided by Rio
|
|
871
|
+
|
|
872
|
+
</li>
|
|
873
|
+
</ul>
|
|
874
|
+
<p>
|
|
875
|
+
For other Rios, instance methods are generally forwarded where appropriate.
|
|
876
|
+
For example
|
|
877
|
+
</p>
|
|
878
|
+
<ul>
|
|
879
|
+
<li>Rios that refer to StringIO objects forward ‘string’ and
|
|
880
|
+
‘string=’
|
|
881
|
+
|
|
882
|
+
</li>
|
|
883
|
+
<li>Rios that refer to http URIs support all the Meta methods provided by
|
|
884
|
+
open-uri
|
|
885
|
+
|
|
886
|
+
</li>
|
|
887
|
+
</ul>
|
|
888
|
+
<h4>Grande operators</h4>
|
|
889
|
+
<p>
|
|
890
|
+
The primary grande operator is <a
|
|
891
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000090">each</a>. <tt>each</tt> is used to iterate
|
|
892
|
+
through Rios. When applied to a file it iterates through records in the
|
|
893
|
+
file. When applied to a directory it iterates through the entries in the
|
|
894
|
+
directory. Its behavior is modified by configuring the Rio prior to calling
|
|
895
|
+
it using the configuration methods discussed above. Since iterating through
|
|
896
|
+
things is ubiquitous in ruby, it is implied by the presence of a block
|
|
897
|
+
after any of the grande configuration methods and many times does not need
|
|
898
|
+
to be call explicitly. For example:
|
|
899
|
+
</p>
|
|
900
|
+
<pre>
|
|
901
|
+
# iterate through chomped ruby comment lines
|
|
902
|
+
rio('afile.rb').chomp.lines(/^\s*#/) { |line| ... }
|
|
903
|
+
|
|
904
|
+
# iterate through all .rb files in 'adir' and its subdirectories
|
|
905
|
+
rio('adir').all.files('*.rb') { |f| ... }
|
|
906
|
+
</pre>
|
|
907
|
+
<p>
|
|
908
|
+
Because a Rio is an Enumerable, it supports <tt>to_a</tt>, which is the
|
|
909
|
+
basis for the grande subscript operator. <a
|
|
910
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000089">[]</a> with no arguments simply calls
|
|
911
|
+
to_a. With arguments it behaves as if those arguments had been passed to
|
|
912
|
+
the most recently called of the grande selection methods listed above, and
|
|
913
|
+
then calls to_a. For example to get the first ten lines of a file into an
|
|
914
|
+
array with lines chomped
|
|
915
|
+
</p>
|
|
916
|
+
<pre>
|
|
917
|
+
rio('afile').chomp.lines(0...10).to_a
|
|
918
|
+
</pre>
|
|
919
|
+
<p>
|
|
920
|
+
can be written as
|
|
921
|
+
</p>
|
|
922
|
+
<pre>
|
|
923
|
+
rio('afile.gz').chomp.lines[0...10]
|
|
924
|
+
</pre>
|
|
925
|
+
<p>
|
|
926
|
+
or, to create an array of all the .c files in a directory, one could write
|
|
927
|
+
</p>
|
|
928
|
+
<pre>
|
|
929
|
+
rio('adir').files['*.c']
|
|
930
|
+
</pre>
|
|
931
|
+
<p>
|
|
932
|
+
The other grande operators are its copy operators. They are:
|
|
933
|
+
</p>
|
|
934
|
+
<ul>
|
|
935
|
+
<li><tt><</tt> (copy-from)
|
|
936
|
+
|
|
937
|
+
</li>
|
|
938
|
+
<li><tt><<</tt> (append-from)
|
|
939
|
+
|
|
940
|
+
</li>
|
|
941
|
+
<li><tt>></tt> (copy-to)
|
|
942
|
+
|
|
943
|
+
</li>
|
|
944
|
+
<li><tt>>></tt> (append-to)
|
|
945
|
+
|
|
946
|
+
</li>
|
|
947
|
+
</ul>
|
|
948
|
+
<p>
|
|
949
|
+
The only difference between the ‘copy’ and ‘append’
|
|
950
|
+
versions is how they deal with an unopened resource. In the former the open
|
|
951
|
+
it with mode ‘w’ and in the latter, mode ‘a’.
|
|
952
|
+
Beyond that, their behavior can be summarized as:
|
|
953
|
+
</p>
|
|
954
|
+
<pre>
|
|
955
|
+
source.each do |entry|
|
|
956
|
+
destination << entry
|
|
957
|
+
end
|
|
958
|
+
</pre>
|
|
959
|
+
<p>
|
|
960
|
+
Since they are based on the <tt>each</tt> operator, all of the selection
|
|
961
|
+
and configuration options are available. And the right-hand-side argument
|
|
962
|
+
of the operators are not restricted to Rios — Strings and Arrays are
|
|
963
|
+
also supported.
|
|
964
|
+
</p>
|
|
965
|
+
<p>
|
|
966
|
+
For example:
|
|
967
|
+
</p>
|
|
968
|
+
<pre>
|
|
969
|
+
rio('afile') > astring # copy a file into a string
|
|
970
|
+
|
|
971
|
+
rio('afile').chomp > anarray # copy the chomped lines of afile into an array
|
|
972
|
+
|
|
973
|
+
rio('afile.gz').gzip.lines(0...100) > rio('bfile') # copy 100 lines from a gzipped file into another file
|
|
974
|
+
|
|
975
|
+
rio(?-) < rio('http://rubydoc.org/') # copy a web page to stdout
|
|
976
|
+
|
|
977
|
+
rio('bdir') < rio('adir') # copy an entire directory structure
|
|
978
|
+
|
|
979
|
+
rio('adir').dirs.files('README') > rio('bdir') # same thing, but only README files
|
|
980
|
+
|
|
981
|
+
rio(?-,'ps -a').skiplines(0,/ps$/) > anarray # copy the output of th ps command into an array, skippying
|
|
982
|
+
# the header line and the ps command entry
|
|
983
|
+
</pre>
|
|
984
|
+
<h3>Renaming and Moving</h3>
|
|
985
|
+
<p>
|
|
986
|
+
Rio provides two methods for directly renaming objects on the filesystem:
|
|
987
|
+
<a href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000158">rename</a> and <a
|
|
988
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000159">rename!</a>. Both of these use
|
|
989
|
+
File#rename. The difference between them is the returned Rio. <a
|
|
990
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000158">rename</a> leaves the path of the Rio
|
|
991
|
+
unchanged, while <a href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000159">rename!</a> changes
|
|
992
|
+
the path of the Rio to refer to the renamed path.
|
|
993
|
+
</p>
|
|
994
|
+
<pre>
|
|
995
|
+
ario = rio('a')
|
|
996
|
+
ario.rename('b') # file 'a' has been renamed to 'b' but 'ario' => rio('a')
|
|
997
|
+
ario.rename!('b') # file 'a' has been renamed to 'b' and 'ario' => rio('b')
|
|
998
|
+
</pre>
|
|
999
|
+
<p>
|
|
1000
|
+
Rio also has a <tt>rename</tt> mode, which causes the path manipulation
|
|
1001
|
+
methods <a href="../IF/Path.html#M000198">dirname=</a>, <a
|
|
1002
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000199">filename=</a>, <a
|
|
1003
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000197">basename=</a> and <a
|
|
1004
|
+
href="../IF/Path.html#M000196">extname=</a> to rename an object on the
|
|
1005
|
+
filesystem when they are used to change a Rio’s path. A Rio is put in
|
|
1006
|
+
<tt>rename</tt> mode by calling <a
|
|
1007
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000158">rename</a> with no arguments.
|
|
1008
|
+
</p>
|
|
1009
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1010
|
+
rio('adir/afile.txt').rename.filename = 'bfile.rb' # adir/afile.txt => adir/bfile.rb
|
|
1011
|
+
rio('adir/afile.txt').rename.basename = 'bfile' # adir/afile.txt => adir/bfile.txt
|
|
1012
|
+
rio('adir/afile.txt').rename.extname = '.rb' # adir/afile.txt => adir/afile.rb
|
|
1013
|
+
rio('adir/afile.txt').rename.dirname = 'b/c' # adir/afile.txt => b/c/afile.txt
|
|
1014
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1015
|
+
<p>
|
|
1016
|
+
When <tt>rename</tt> mode is set for a directory Rio, it is automatically
|
|
1017
|
+
set in the Rios created when iterating through that directory.
|
|
1018
|
+
</p>
|
|
1019
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1020
|
+
rio('adir').rename.files('*.htm') do |frio|
|
|
1021
|
+
frio.extname = '.html' #=> changes the rio and renames the file
|
|
1022
|
+
end
|
|
1023
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1024
|
+
<h3>Deleting</h3>
|
|
1025
|
+
<p>
|
|
1026
|
+
The Rio methods for deleting filesystem objects are <a
|
|
1027
|
+
href="../IF/File.html#M000212">rm</a>, <a
|
|
1028
|
+
href="../IF/Dir.html#M000048">rmdir</a>, <a
|
|
1029
|
+
href="../IF/Dir.html#M000049">rmtree</a>, <a
|
|
1030
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000091">delete</a>, and <a
|
|
1031
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000092">delete!</a>. <tt>rm</tt>, <tt>rmdir</tt>
|
|
1032
|
+
and <tt>rmtree</tt> are passed the like named methods in the FileUtils
|
|
1033
|
+
module. <a href="../IF/Grande.html#M000091">delete</a> calls <tt>rmdir</tt>
|
|
1034
|
+
for directories and <tt>rm</tt> for anything else, while <a
|
|
1035
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000092">delete!</a> calls <a
|
|
1036
|
+
href="../IF/Dir.html#M000049">rmtree</a> for directories.
|
|
1037
|
+
</p>
|
|
1038
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1039
|
+
<li>To delete something only if it is not a directory use <a
|
|
1040
|
+
href="../IF/File.html#M000212">rm</a>
|
|
1041
|
+
|
|
1042
|
+
</li>
|
|
1043
|
+
<li>To delete an empty directory use <a href="../IF/Dir.html#M000048">rmdir</a>
|
|
1044
|
+
|
|
1045
|
+
</li>
|
|
1046
|
+
<li>To delete an entire directory tree use <a
|
|
1047
|
+
href="../IF/Dir.html#M000049">rmtree</a>
|
|
1048
|
+
|
|
1049
|
+
</li>
|
|
1050
|
+
<li>To delete anything except a populated directory use <a
|
|
1051
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000091">delete</a>
|
|
1052
|
+
|
|
1053
|
+
</li>
|
|
1054
|
+
<li>To delete anything use <a href="../IF/Grande.html#M000092">delete!</a>
|
|
1055
|
+
|
|
1056
|
+
</li>
|
|
1057
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1058
|
+
<p>
|
|
1059
|
+
It is not an error to call any of the deleting methods on something that
|
|
1060
|
+
does not exist. Rio provides <a href="../IF/Test.html#M000123">exist?</a>
|
|
1061
|
+
and <a href="../IF/Test.html#M000126">symlink?</a> to check if something
|
|
1062
|
+
exists (<tt>exist?</tt> returns false for symlinks to non-existant object
|
|
1063
|
+
even though the symlink itself exists). The deleting methods’ purpose
|
|
1064
|
+
is to make things not exist, so calling one of them on something that
|
|
1065
|
+
already does not exist is considered a success.
|
|
1066
|
+
</p>
|
|
1067
|
+
<p>
|
|
1068
|
+
To create a clean copy of a directory whether or not anything with that
|
|
1069
|
+
name exists one might do this
|
|
1070
|
+
</p>
|
|
1071
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1072
|
+
rio('adir').delete!.mkpath.chdir do
|
|
1073
|
+
# do something in adir
|
|
1074
|
+
end
|
|
1075
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1076
|
+
<hr size="1"></hr><h2>Miscellany</h2>
|
|
1077
|
+
<h4>Using Symbolic Links</h4>
|
|
1078
|
+
<p>
|
|
1079
|
+
To create a symbolic link (symlink) to the file-system entry refered to by
|
|
1080
|
+
a Rio, use <a href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000156">symlink</a>. <a
|
|
1081
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000156">symlink</a> differs from File#symlink
|
|
1082
|
+
in that it calculates the path from the symlink location to the Rio’s
|
|
1083
|
+
position.
|
|
1084
|
+
</p>
|
|
1085
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1086
|
+
File#symlink('adir/afile','adir/alink')
|
|
1087
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1088
|
+
<p>
|
|
1089
|
+
creates a symlink in the directory ‘adir’ named
|
|
1090
|
+
‘alink’ which references ‘adir/afile’. From the
|
|
1091
|
+
perspective of ‘alink’, ‘adir/afile’ does not
|
|
1092
|
+
exist. While:
|
|
1093
|
+
</p>
|
|
1094
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1095
|
+
rio('adir/afile').symlink('adir/alink')
|
|
1096
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1097
|
+
<p>
|
|
1098
|
+
creates a symlink in the directory ‘adir’ named
|
|
1099
|
+
‘alink’ which references ‘afile’. This is the route
|
|
1100
|
+
to ‘adir/afile’ from the perspective of
|
|
1101
|
+
‘adir/alink’.
|
|
1102
|
+
</p>
|
|
1103
|
+
<p>
|
|
1104
|
+
Note that the return value from <tt>symlink</tt> is the calling Rio and not
|
|
1105
|
+
a Rio refering to the symlink. This is done for consistency with the rest
|
|
1106
|
+
of Rio.
|
|
1107
|
+
</p>
|
|
1108
|
+
<p>
|
|
1109
|
+
<a href="../IF/Test.html#M000126">symlink?</a> can be used to test if a
|
|
1110
|
+
file-system object is a symlink. A Rio is extended with <a
|
|
1111
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000157">readlink</a>, and <a
|
|
1112
|
+
href="../IF/Test.html#M000132">lstat</a> only if <a
|
|
1113
|
+
href="../IF/Test.html#M000126">symlink?</a> returns true. So for
|
|
1114
|
+
non-symlinks, these will raise a NoMethodError. These are both passed to
|
|
1115
|
+
their counterparts in File. <a
|
|
1116
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000157">readlink</a> returns a Rio refering to
|
|
1117
|
+
the result of File#readlink.
|
|
1118
|
+
</p>
|
|
1119
|
+
<h4>Using A Rio as an IO (or File or Dir)</h4>
|
|
1120
|
+
<p>
|
|
1121
|
+
Rio supports so much of IO’s interface that one might be tempted to
|
|
1122
|
+
pass it to a method that expects an IO. While Rio is not and is not
|
|
1123
|
+
intended to be a stand in for IO, this can work. It requires knowledge of
|
|
1124
|
+
every IO method that will be called, under any circumstances.
|
|
1125
|
+
</p>
|
|
1126
|
+
<p>
|
|
1127
|
+
Even in cases where Rio supports the required IO interface, A Rio feature
|
|
1128
|
+
that seems to cause the most incompatibility, is its automatic closing of
|
|
1129
|
+
files. To turn off all of Rio’s automatic closing use <a
|
|
1130
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000080">noautoclose</a>.
|
|
1131
|
+
</p>
|
|
1132
|
+
<p>
|
|
1133
|
+
For example:
|
|
1134
|
+
</p>
|
|
1135
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1136
|
+
require 'yaml'
|
|
1137
|
+
yrio = rio('ran.yaml').delete!.noautoclose
|
|
1138
|
+
YAML.dump( ['badger', 'elephant', 'tiger'], yrio )
|
|
1139
|
+
obj = YAML::load( yrio ) #=> ["badger", "tiger", "elephant"]
|
|
1140
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1141
|
+
<h4>Automatically Closing Files</h4>
|
|
1142
|
+
<p>
|
|
1143
|
+
Rio closes files automatically in three instances.
|
|
1144
|
+
</p>
|
|
1145
|
+
<p>
|
|
1146
|
+
When reading from an IO it is closed when the end of file is reached. While
|
|
1147
|
+
this is a reasonable thing to do in many cases, sometimes this is not
|
|
1148
|
+
desired. To turn Rio’s automatic closing on end of file use <a
|
|
1149
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000075">nocloseoneof</a> (it can be turned
|
|
1150
|
+
back on via <a href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000074">closeoneof</a>)
|
|
1151
|
+
</p>
|
|
1152
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1153
|
+
ario = rio('afile').nocloseoneof
|
|
1154
|
+
lines = ario[]
|
|
1155
|
+
ario.closed? #=> false
|
|
1156
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1157
|
+
<p>
|
|
1158
|
+
Closing on end-of-file is necessary for many of Rio’s one-liners, but
|
|
1159
|
+
has an implication that may be surprising at first. A Rio starts life as a
|
|
1160
|
+
path, not much more than a string. When one of its read methods is called
|
|
1161
|
+
it becomes an input stream. When the stream is closed, it becomes a path
|
|
1162
|
+
again. This means that when reading from a Rio, the end-of-file condition
|
|
1163
|
+
is seen only once before it becomes a path again, and will be reopened if
|
|
1164
|
+
another read operation is attempted.
|
|
1165
|
+
</p>
|
|
1166
|
+
<p>
|
|
1167
|
+
Another time a Rio will be closed atomatically is when writing to it with
|
|
1168
|
+
one of the copy operators (<tt><, <<, >, >></tt>). This
|
|
1169
|
+
behavior can be turned off with <a
|
|
1170
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000078">nocloseoncopy</a>.
|
|
1171
|
+
</p>
|
|
1172
|
+
<p>
|
|
1173
|
+
To turn off both of thes types of automatic closing use <a
|
|
1174
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000080">noautoclose</a>.
|
|
1175
|
+
</p>
|
|
1176
|
+
<p>
|
|
1177
|
+
The third instance when Rio will close a file automatically is when a file
|
|
1178
|
+
opened for one type of access receives a method which that access mode does
|
|
1179
|
+
not support. So, the code
|
|
1180
|
+
</p>
|
|
1181
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1182
|
+
rio('afile').puts("Hello World").gets
|
|
1183
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1184
|
+
<p>
|
|
1185
|
+
will open the file for write access when the <tt>puts</tt> method is
|
|
1186
|
+
received. When <tt>gets</tt> is called the file is closed and reopened with
|
|
1187
|
+
read access.
|
|
1188
|
+
</p>
|
|
1189
|
+
<h4>Explicitly Closing Files</h4>
|
|
1190
|
+
<p>
|
|
1191
|
+
Rio can not determine when the client is finished writing to it, as it does
|
|
1192
|
+
using <tt>eof</tt> on read. It is the author’s understanding that
|
|
1193
|
+
Ruby does not support a mechanism to have code run when there are no more
|
|
1194
|
+
references to it — that finalizers are not necessarily run immediatly
|
|
1195
|
+
upon an object’s reference count reaching 0. If this understanding is
|
|
1196
|
+
incorrect, some of Rio’s extranious ways of closing a file may be
|
|
1197
|
+
rethought.
|
|
1198
|
+
</p>
|
|
1199
|
+
<p>
|
|
1200
|
+
That being said, Rio support several ways to explicitly close a file. <a
|
|
1201
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000030">close</a> will close any open Rio. The
|
|
1202
|
+
output methods <a href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000022">puts!</a>, <a
|
|
1203
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000019">putc!</a>, <a
|
|
1204
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000017">printf!</a>, <a
|
|
1205
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000016">print!</a>, and <a
|
|
1206
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000023">write!</a> behave as if their counterparts
|
|
1207
|
+
without the exclamation point had been called and then call <a
|
|
1208
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000030">close</a> or <a
|
|
1209
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000031">close_write</a> if the underlying IO
|
|
1210
|
+
object is opened for duplex access.
|
|
1211
|
+
</p>
|
|
1212
|
+
<h4>Open mode selection</h4>
|
|
1213
|
+
<p>
|
|
1214
|
+
A Rio is typically not explicitly opened. It opens a file automatically
|
|
1215
|
+
when an input or output methed is called. For output methods Rio opens a
|
|
1216
|
+
file with mode ‘w’, and otherwise opens a file with mode
|
|
1217
|
+
‘r’. This behavior can be modified using the tersely named
|
|
1218
|
+
methods <a href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000067">a</a>, <a
|
|
1219
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000069">a!</a>, <a
|
|
1220
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000070">r</a>, <a
|
|
1221
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000071">r!</a>, <a
|
|
1222
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000072">w</a>, and <a
|
|
1223
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000073">w!</a>, which cause the Rio to use
|
|
1224
|
+
modes
|
|
1225
|
+
‘a’,’a+’,’r’,’r+’,’w’,and
|
|
1226
|
+
‘w+’ respectively.
|
|
1227
|
+
</p>
|
|
1228
|
+
<p>
|
|
1229
|
+
One way to append a string to a file and close it in one line is
|
|
1230
|
+
</p>
|
|
1231
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1232
|
+
rio('afile').a.puts!("Hello World")
|
|
1233
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1234
|
+
<p>
|
|
1235
|
+
Run a cmd that must be opened for read and write
|
|
1236
|
+
</p>
|
|
1237
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1238
|
+
ans = rio(?-,'cat').w!.puts!("Hello Kitty").readline
|
|
1239
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1240
|
+
<p>
|
|
1241
|
+
The automatic selection of mode can be bypassed entirely using <a
|
|
1242
|
+
href="../IF/RubyIO.html#M000028">mode</a> and <a
|
|
1243
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000155">open</a>.
|
|
1244
|
+
</p>
|
|
1245
|
+
<p>
|
|
1246
|
+
If a mode is specified using <tt>mode</tt>, the file will still be opened
|
|
1247
|
+
automatically, but the mode specified in the <tt>mode</tt> method will be
|
|
1248
|
+
used regardless of whether it makes sense.
|
|
1249
|
+
</p>
|
|
1250
|
+
<p>
|
|
1251
|
+
A Rio can also be opened explicitly using <a
|
|
1252
|
+
href="../IF/FileOrDir.html#M000155">open</a>. <tt>open</tt> takes one
|
|
1253
|
+
parameter, a mode. This also will override all of Rio’s automatic
|
|
1254
|
+
mode selection.
|
|
1255
|
+
</p>
|
|
1256
|
+
<h4>CSV mode</h4>
|
|
1257
|
+
<p>
|
|
1258
|
+
Rio uses the CSV class from the Ruby standard library to provide support
|
|
1259
|
+
for reading and writing comma-separated-value files. Normally using
|
|
1260
|
+
<tt>(skip)records</tt> is identical to <tt>(skip)lines</tt> because while
|
|
1261
|
+
<tt>records</tt> only selects and does not specify the record-type,
|
|
1262
|
+
<tt>lines</tt> is the default.
|
|
1263
|
+
</p>
|
|
1264
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1265
|
+
rio('afile').records(1..2)
|
|
1266
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1267
|
+
<p>
|
|
1268
|
+
effectively means
|
|
1269
|
+
</p>
|
|
1270
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1271
|
+
rio('afile').lines.records(1..2)
|
|
1272
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1273
|
+
<p>
|
|
1274
|
+
The CSV extension distingishes between items selected using <a
|
|
1275
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000057">records</a> and those selected using
|
|
1276
|
+
<a href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000055">lines</a>. Rio returns records
|
|
1277
|
+
parsed into Arrays by the CSV library when <tt>records</tt> is used, and
|
|
1278
|
+
returns Strings as normal when <tt>lines</tt> is used. <tt>records</tt> is
|
|
1279
|
+
the default.
|
|
1280
|
+
</p>
|
|
1281
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1282
|
+
rio('f.csv').puts!(["h0,h1","f0,f1"])
|
|
1283
|
+
|
|
1284
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.records[] #==>[["h0", "h1"], ["f0", "f1"]]
|
|
1285
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv[] #==> same thing
|
|
1286
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.lines[] #==>["h0,h1\n", "f0,f1\n"]
|
|
1287
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.records[0] #==>[["h0", "h1"]]
|
|
1288
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv[0] #==> same thing
|
|
1289
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.lines[0] #==>["h0,h1\n"]
|
|
1290
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.skiprecords[0] #==>[["f0", "f1"]]
|
|
1291
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.skiplines[0] #==>["f0,f1\n"]
|
|
1292
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1293
|
+
<p>
|
|
1294
|
+
This distinction, of course, applies equally when using the copy operators
|
|
1295
|
+
and <tt>each</tt>
|
|
1296
|
+
</p>
|
|
1297
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1298
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv[0] > rio('out').csv # out contains "f0,f1\n"
|
|
1299
|
+
|
|
1300
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv { |array_of_fields| ... }
|
|
1301
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1302
|
+
<p>
|
|
1303
|
+
Notice that <tt>csv</tt> mode is called on both the input and output Rios.
|
|
1304
|
+
The <tt>csv</tt> on the ‘out’ Rio causes it to treat an array
|
|
1305
|
+
written to it as an array of records which is converted into CSV format
|
|
1306
|
+
before writing. Without the <tt>csv</tt>, the output would be written as if
|
|
1307
|
+
Array#to_s on [["f0","f1"]] had been called
|
|
1308
|
+
</p>
|
|
1309
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1310
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv[0] > rio('out') # out contains "f0f1"
|
|
1311
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1312
|
+
<p>
|
|
1313
|
+
The String representing a record that is returned when using <tt>lines</tt>
|
|
1314
|
+
is extended with a <tt>to_a</tt> method which will parse it into an array
|
|
1315
|
+
of fields. Likewise the Array returned when a record is returned using
|
|
1316
|
+
<tt>records</tt> is extended with a modified <tt>to_s</tt> which treats it
|
|
1317
|
+
as an array CSV fields, rather than just an array of strings.
|
|
1318
|
+
</p>
|
|
1319
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1320
|
+
array_of_lines = rio('f.csv').csv.lines[1] #==>["f0,f1\n"]
|
|
1321
|
+
array_of_records = rio('f.csv').csv.records[1] #==>[["f0", "f1"]]
|
|
1322
|
+
|
|
1323
|
+
array_of_lines[0].to_a #==>["f0", "f1"]
|
|
1324
|
+
array_of_records[0].to_s #==>"f0,f1"
|
|
1325
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1326
|
+
<p>
|
|
1327
|
+
<a href="../IF/CSV.html#M000116">csv</a> takes two optional parameters,
|
|
1328
|
+
which are passed on to the CSV library. They are the
|
|
1329
|
+
<tt>field_separator</tt> and the <tt>record_separator</tt>.
|
|
1330
|
+
</p>
|
|
1331
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1332
|
+
rio('semisep').puts!(["h0;h1","f0;f1"])
|
|
1333
|
+
|
|
1334
|
+
rio('semisep').csv(';').to_a #==>[["h0", "h1"], ["f0", "f1"]]
|
|
1335
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1336
|
+
<p>
|
|
1337
|
+
These are specified independently on the source and destination when using
|
|
1338
|
+
the copy operators.
|
|
1339
|
+
</p>
|
|
1340
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1341
|
+
rio('semisep').csv(';') > rio('colonsep').csv(':')
|
|
1342
|
+
rio('colonsep').contents #==>"h0:h1\nf0:f1\n"
|
|
1343
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1344
|
+
<p>
|
|
1345
|
+
Rio provides two methods for selecting fields from CSV records in a manner
|
|
1346
|
+
similar to that provided for selecting lines — <a
|
|
1347
|
+
href="../IF/CSV.html#M000117">columns</a> and <a
|
|
1348
|
+
href="../IF/CSV.html#M000118">skipcolumns</a>.
|
|
1349
|
+
</p>
|
|
1350
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1351
|
+
rio('f.csv').puts!(["h0,h1,h2,h3","f0,f1,f2,f3"])
|
|
1352
|
+
|
|
1353
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.columns(0).to_a #==>[["h0"], ["f0"]]
|
|
1354
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.skipcolumns(0).to_a #==>[["h1", "h2", "h3"], ["f1", "f2", "f3"]]
|
|
1355
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.columns(1..2).to_a #==>[["h1", "h2"], ["f1", "f2"]]
|
|
1356
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.skipcolumns(1..2).to_a #==>[["h0", "h3"], ["f0", "f3"]]
|
|
1357
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1358
|
+
<p>
|
|
1359
|
+
<a href="../IF/CSV.html#M000117">columns</a> can, of course be used with
|
|
1360
|
+
the <tt>each</tt> and the copy operators:
|
|
1361
|
+
</p>
|
|
1362
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1363
|
+
rio('f.csv').csv.columns(0..1) > rio('out').csv
|
|
1364
|
+
rio('out').contents #==>"h0,h1\nf0,f1\n"
|
|
1365
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1366
|
+
<h4>YAML mode</h4>
|
|
1367
|
+
<p>
|
|
1368
|
+
Rio uses the YAML class from the Ruby standard library to provide support
|
|
1369
|
+
for reading and writing YAML files. Normally using <tt>(skip)records</tt>
|
|
1370
|
+
is identical to <tt>(skip)lines</tt> because while <tt>records</tt> only
|
|
1371
|
+
selects and does not specify the record-type, <tt>lines</tt> is the
|
|
1372
|
+
default.
|
|
1373
|
+
</p>
|
|
1374
|
+
<p>
|
|
1375
|
+
The YAML extension distingishes between items selected using <a
|
|
1376
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000057">records</a>, <a
|
|
1377
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000060">rows</a> and <a
|
|
1378
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000055">lines</a>. Rio returns objects
|
|
1379
|
+
loaded via YAML#load when <tt>records</tt> is used; returns the YAML text
|
|
1380
|
+
as a String when <tt>rows</tt> is used; and returns lines as Strings as
|
|
1381
|
+
normal when <tt>lines</tt> is used. <tt>records</tt> is the default. In
|
|
1382
|
+
yaml-mode, <tt>(skip)records</tt> can be called as <tt>(skip)objects</tt>
|
|
1383
|
+
and <tt>(skip)rows</tt> can be called as <tt>(skip)documents</tt>
|
|
1384
|
+
</p>
|
|
1385
|
+
<p>
|
|
1386
|
+
To read a single YAML document, Rio provides #getobj and #load For example,
|
|
1387
|
+
consider the following partial ‘database.yml’ from the rails
|
|
1388
|
+
distribution:
|
|
1389
|
+
</p>
|
|
1390
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1391
|
+
development:
|
|
1392
|
+
adapter: mysql
|
|
1393
|
+
database: rails_development
|
|
1394
|
+
|
|
1395
|
+
test:
|
|
1396
|
+
adapter: mysql
|
|
1397
|
+
database: rails_test
|
|
1398
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1399
|
+
<p>
|
|
1400
|
+
To get the object represented in the yaml file:
|
|
1401
|
+
</p>
|
|
1402
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1403
|
+
rio('database.yml').yaml.load
|
|
1404
|
+
==>{"development"=>{"adapter"=>"mysql", "database"=>"rails_development"},
|
|
1405
|
+
"test"=>{"adapter"=>"mysql", "database"=>"rails_test"}}
|
|
1406
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1407
|
+
<p>
|
|
1408
|
+
Or one could read parts of the file like so:
|
|
1409
|
+
</p>
|
|
1410
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1411
|
+
rio('database.yml').yaml.getobj['development']['database']
|
|
1412
|
+
==>"rails_development"
|
|
1413
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1414
|
+
<p>
|
|
1415
|
+
Single objects can be written using #putobj and #putobj! which is aliased
|
|
1416
|
+
to #dump
|
|
1417
|
+
</p>
|
|
1418
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1419
|
+
anobject = {
|
|
1420
|
+
'production' => {
|
|
1421
|
+
'adapter' => 'mysql',
|
|
1422
|
+
'database' => 'rails_production',
|
|
1423
|
+
}
|
|
1424
|
+
}
|
|
1425
|
+
rio('afile.yaml').yaml.dump(anobject)
|
|
1426
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1427
|
+
<p>
|
|
1428
|
+
<a href="../IF/Grande.html#M000093">></a> (copy-to) and <a
|
|
1429
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000096">>></a> (append-to) will fill an array with
|
|
1430
|
+
with all selected YAML documents in the Rio. For non-arrays, the yaml text
|
|
1431
|
+
is copied. (This may change if a useful reasonable alternative can be
|
|
1432
|
+
found)
|
|
1433
|
+
</p>
|
|
1434
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1435
|
+
rio('afile.yaml').yaml > anarray # load all YAML documents from 'afile.yaml'
|
|
1436
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1437
|
+
<p>
|
|
1438
|
+
Single objects can be written using <a
|
|
1439
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000066">putrec</a> (aliased to <a
|
|
1440
|
+
href="../IF/YAML.html#M000177">putobj</a> and <a
|
|
1441
|
+
href="../IF/YAML.html#M000179">dump</a>)
|
|
1442
|
+
</p>
|
|
1443
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1444
|
+
rio('afile.yaml').yaml.putobj(anobject)
|
|
1445
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1446
|
+
<p>
|
|
1447
|
+
Single objects can be loaded using <a
|
|
1448
|
+
href="../IF/GrandeStream.html#M000062">getrec</a> (aliase to <a
|
|
1449
|
+
href="../IF/YAML.html#M000175">getobj</a> and <a
|
|
1450
|
+
href="../IF/YAML.html#M000176">load</a>)
|
|
1451
|
+
</p>
|
|
1452
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1453
|
+
anobject = rio('afile.yaml').yaml.getobj
|
|
1454
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1455
|
+
<p>
|
|
1456
|
+
A Rio in yaml-mode is just like any other Rio. And all the things you can
|
|
1457
|
+
do with any Rio come for free. They can be iterated over using <a
|
|
1458
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000090">each</a> and read into an array using <a
|
|
1459
|
+
href="../IF/Grande.html#M000089">[]</a> just like any other Rio. All the
|
|
1460
|
+
selection criteria are identical also.
|
|
1461
|
+
</p>
|
|
1462
|
+
<p>
|
|
1463
|
+
Get the first three objects into an array:
|
|
1464
|
+
</p>
|
|
1465
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1466
|
+
array_of_objects = rio('afile.yaml').yaml[0..2]
|
|
1467
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1468
|
+
<p>
|
|
1469
|
+
Iterate over only YAML documents that are a kind_of ::Hash use:
|
|
1470
|
+
</p>
|
|
1471
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1472
|
+
rio('afile.yaml').yaml(::Hash) {|ahash| ...}
|
|
1473
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1474
|
+
<p>
|
|
1475
|
+
This takes advantage of the fact that the default for matching records is
|
|
1476
|
+
<tt>===</tt>
|
|
1477
|
+
</p>
|
|
1478
|
+
<p>
|
|
1479
|
+
Selecting records using a Proc can be used as normal:
|
|
1480
|
+
</p>
|
|
1481
|
+
<pre>
|
|
1482
|
+
anarray = rio('afile.yaml').yaml(proc{|anobject| ...}).to_a
|
|
1483
|
+
</pre>
|
|
1484
|
+
<hr size="1"></hr><p>
|
|
1485
|
+
See also:
|
|
1486
|
+
</p>
|
|
1487
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1488
|
+
<li><a href="SYNOPSIS.html">RIO::Doc::SYNOPSIS</a>
|
|
1489
|
+
|
|
1490
|
+
</li>
|
|
1491
|
+
<li><a href="HOWTO.html">RIO::Doc::HOWTO</a>
|
|
1492
|
+
|
|
1493
|
+
</li>
|
|
1494
|
+
<li><a href="EXAMPLES.html">RIO::Doc::EXAMPLES</a>
|
|
1495
|
+
|
|
1496
|
+
</li>
|
|
1497
|
+
<li><a href="../Rio.html">RIO::Rio</a>
|
|
1498
|
+
|
|
1499
|
+
</li>
|
|
1500
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1501
|
+
|
|
1502
|
+
</div>
|
|
1503
|
+
|
|
1504
|
+
|
|
1505
|
+
</div>
|
|
1506
|
+
|
|
1507
|
+
|
|
1508
|
+
|
|
1509
|
+
|
|
1510
|
+
<!-- if includes -->
|
|
1511
|
+
|
|
1512
|
+
<div id="section">
|
|
1513
|
+
|
|
1514
|
+
|
|
1515
|
+
|
|
1516
|
+
|
|
1517
|
+
|
|
1518
|
+
|
|
1519
|
+
|
|
1520
|
+
|
|
1521
|
+
<!-- if method_list -->
|
|
1522
|
+
</div>
|
|
1523
|
+
|
|
1524
|
+
|
|
1525
|
+
</div>
|
|
1526
|
+
|
|
1527
|
+
|
|
1528
|
+
<div id="validator-badges">
|
|
1529
|
+
<p><small>Copyright © 2005,2006,2007 Christopher Kleckner. <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">All rights reserved</a>.</small></p>
|
|
1530
|
+
</div>
|
|
1531
|
+
|
|
1532
|
+
</body>
|
|
1533
|
+
</html>
|