rio 0.3.2 → 0.3.3
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- data/ChangeLog +49 -0
- data/VERSION +1 -1
- data/doc/ANNOUNCE +19 -2
- data/doc/RELEASE_NOTES +17 -0
- data/ex/colx.rb +3 -1
- data/ex/passwd_report.rb +12 -0
- data/lib/rio.rb +8 -9
- data/lib/rio/argv.rb +0 -4
- data/lib/rio/base.rb +3 -1
- data/lib/rio/doc/INTRO.rb +74 -1
- data/lib/rio/ext/csv.rb +34 -5
- data/lib/rio/factory.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/rio/if.rb +3 -0
- data/lib/rio/if/csv.rb +76 -0
- data/lib/rio/if/dir.rb +14 -6
- data/lib/rio/if/fileordir.rb +6 -0
- data/lib/rio/if/grande.rb +28 -0
- data/lib/rio/if/internal.rb +75 -2
- data/lib/rio/if/methods.rb +4 -3
- data/lib/rio/if/string.rb +46 -0
- data/lib/rio/if/temp.rb +46 -0
- data/lib/rio/matchcolumns.rb +266 -0
- data/lib/rio/rangemath.rb +44 -0
- data/lib/rio/scheme/temp.rb +4 -1
- data/lib/rio/version.rb +1 -1
- data/test/tc/all.rb +4 -1
- data/test/tc/copy-from.rb +1 -1
- data/test/tc/csv2.rb +135 -0
- data/test/tc/csv_columns.rb +37 -0
- data/test/tc/csvutil.rb +56 -0
- data/test/tc/ext.rb +1 -1
- data/test/tc/methods.rb +1 -1
- data/test/tc/tempfile.rb +17 -0
- metadata +11 -228
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- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Doc/SYNOPSIS.html +0 -355
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RIO/Rio.html +0 -6358
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- data/doc/rdoc/created.rid +0 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/README.html +0 -215
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/constructor_rb.html +0 -142
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- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/doc/INTRO_rb.html +0 -135
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/doc/MISC_rb.html +0 -135
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/doc/SYNOPSIS_rb.html +0 -135
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/if/basic_rb.html +0 -135
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/rio/if/dir_rb.html +0 -135
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A basic familiarity with ruby and shell operations should allow a casual
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reader to guess what these examples will do. How they are being performed
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to illustrate the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> basics.
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This uses IO#readlines to read the lines of ‘afile’ into an
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array.
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constructor builds a description of the resource the <a
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specifcation. <em>rio</em> returns the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> which
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or stored in a variable. This coud have been written
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ario = rio('afile')
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In this case the resource specified is a relative path. After the first
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line the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> does know or care whether it is a
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path to a file nor whether it exists. <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>
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the standard library classes Pathname and URI. It should be noted at this
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point that <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> paths stored internally as a URL
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as specified in RFC 1738 and therefore use slashes as separators. A
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resource can also be specified without separators, because <em>rio</em>
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as an array of parts to be joined. So the following all specify the same
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resource.
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<pre>
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rio('adir/afile')
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rio('adir','afile')
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rio(%w/adir afile/)
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</pre>
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<p>
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The rio constructor can be used to specify non-file-system resources, but
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for this example we will restrict our discussion to paths to entities on
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file-systems.
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array = ario.readlines
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Now that we have a <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>, we can call one of its
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methods; in this case <em>readlines</em>. This is an example of using a <a
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href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> as a proxy for the builtin IO#readlines. Given
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the method <em>readlines</em>, the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> opens
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‘afile’ for reading, calls readlines on the resulting IO
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object, closes the IO object, and returns the lines read.
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<h2>Example 2</h2>
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<pre>
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rio('afile') > rio('acopy')
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This copies the file ‘afile’ into the file ‘acopy’.
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The first things that happen here are the creation of the Rios. As
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described in Example 1, when created a <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> simply
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remembers the specifcation of its resource. In this case, a relative path
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‘afile’ on the left and a relative path ‘acopy’ on
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the right.
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<p>
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Next the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>#> (copy-to) method is called on
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the ‘afile’ <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> with the
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‘acopy’ <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> as its argument. If that
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looks like a greater-than operator to you, think Unix shell, with Rios
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’>’ is the copy-to operator.
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<p>
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Upon seeing the copy-to operator, the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> has all
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the information it needs to proceed. It determines that it must be opened
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for reading, that its argument must be opened for writing, and that
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it’s contents must be copied to the resource referenced by it’
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argument — and that is what it does. Then it closes itself and its
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argument.
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</p>
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<p>
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Consider if we had written this example this way.
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</p>
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<pre>
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afile = rio('afile')
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acopy = rio('acopy')
|
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afile > acopy
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</pre>
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<p>
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In this case we would still have variables referencing the Rios, and
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perhaps we would like do things a little differently than described above.
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Be assured that the selection of mode and automatic closing of files are
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the default behaviour and can be changed. Say we wanted ‘afile’
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to remain open so that we could rewind it and make a second copy, we might
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do something like this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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|
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afile = rio('afile').nocloseoneof
|
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|
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afile > rio('acopy1')
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afile.rewind > rio('acopy2')
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afile.close
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</pre>
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<p>
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Actually the ‘thinking-process’ of the <a
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href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> when it sees a copy-to operator is much more
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complex that described above. If its argument had been a rio referencing a
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directory, it would not have opened itself for reading, but instead used
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FileUtils#cp to copy itself; if its argument had been a string, its
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contents would have ended up in the string; If its argument had been an
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array, its lines would been elements of that array; if its argument had
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been a socket, the its contents would have been copied to the socket. See
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the documentation for details.
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</p>
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<h2>Example 3.</h2>
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<pre>
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array = rio('afile').chomp.lines[0...10]
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</pre>
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<p>
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This fills <tt>array</tt> with the first ten lines of ‘afile’,
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with each line chomped
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<p>
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The casual observer mentioned above might think that <tt>lines</tt> returns
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an array of lines and that this is a simple rewording of <tt>array = <a
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href="http://0...10">rio('afile').readlines</a></tt> or even of <tt>array =
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<a href="http://0...10">File.new('afile').readlines</a></tt>. They would be
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wrong.
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</p>
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<p>
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<tt>chomp</tt> is a configuration method which turns on chomp-mode and
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returns the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>. Chomp-mode causes all line
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oriented read operations to perform a String#chomp on each line
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</p>
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<h3>Reading files</h3>
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<p>
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<a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> provides four methods to select which part of
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the file is read and how the file is divided. They are <tt>lines</tt>,
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<tt>records</tt>, <tt>rows</tt> and <tt>bytes</tt>. Briefly, <tt>lines</tt>
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specifies that the file should be read line by line and +bytes(n)+
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specifies that the file should be read in <em>n</em> byte chunks. All four
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take arguments which can be used to filter lines or chunks in or out. For
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simple Rios <tt>records</tt> and <tt>rows</tt> only specify the filter
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arguments and are provided for use be extensions. For example, the CSV
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extension returns an array of the columns in a line when <tt>records</tt>
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is used. In the absence of an extension <tt>records</tt> and <tt>rows</tt>
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behave like <tt>lines</tt>.
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</p>
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<p>
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First lets rewrite our example as:
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</p>
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<pre>
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array = rio('afile').chomp.lines(0...10).to_a
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</pre>
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<p>
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The arguments to lines specify which records are to be read. Arguments are
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interpreted based on their class as follows:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Range - interpreted as a range of record numbers to be read
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</li>
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<li>Integer - interpreted as a one-element range
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</li>
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<li>RegExp - only matching records are processed
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</li>
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<li>Symbol - sent to each record, which is processed unless the result is false
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or nil
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</li>
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<li>Proc - called for each record, the record is processed unless the return
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value is false or nil
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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See the documentation for details and examples.
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</p>
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<p>
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In our example we have specified the Range (0...10). The <tt>lines</tt>
|
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method is just configuring the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>, it does not
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trigger any IO operation. The fact that it was called and the arguments it
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was called with are stored away and the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a> is
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returned for further configuration or an actual IO operation. When an IO
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operation is called the Range will be used to limit processing to the first
|
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ten records. For example:
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</p>
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|
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<pre>
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|
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rio('afile').lines(0...10).each { |line| ... } # block will be called for the first 10 records
|
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|
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rio('afile').lines(0...10).to_a # the first 10 records will be returned in an array
|
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|
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rio('afile').lines(0...10) > rio('acopy') # the first 10 records will be copied to 'acopy'
|
|
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|
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</pre>
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|
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<p>
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|
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"But wait", you say, "In our original example the range was
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an argument to the subscript operator, not to <tt>lines</tt>". This
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works because the subscript operator processes its arguments as if they had
|
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|
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been arguments to the most-recently-called selection method and then calls
|
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<tt>to_a</tt> on the rio. So our rewrite of the example does precisely the
|
|
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|
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same thing as the original
|
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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The big difference between the original example and the
|
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casual-observer’s solution is that hers creates an array of the
|
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|
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entire contents and only returns the first 10 while the original only puts
|
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|
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10 records into the array.
|
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|
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</p>
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|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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As a sidenote, Rios also have an optimization that can really help in
|
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|
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certain situations. If records are only selected using Ranges, it stops
|
|
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|
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iterating when it is beyond the point where it could possibly ever match.
|
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|
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This can make a dramatic difference when one is only interested in the
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|
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first few lines of very large files.
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<h2>Example 4.</h2>
|
|
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|
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<pre>
|
|
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|
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rio('adir').rename.all.files('*.htm') do |file|
|
|
324
|
-
file.ext = '.html'
|
|
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|
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end
|
|
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|
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</pre>
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|
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|
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<p>
|
|
328
|
-
This changes the extension of all .htm files below ‘adir’ to
|
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|
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’.html’
|
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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First we create the rio as always.
|
|
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|
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</p>
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|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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Next we process the <tt>rename</tt> method. When used as it is here —
|
|
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|
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without arguments — it just turns on rename-mode and returns the <a
|
|
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|
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href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>.
|
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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<tt>all</tt> is another configuration method, which causes directories to
|
|
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|
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be processed recursively
|
|
342
|
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</p>
|
|
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|
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<p>
|
|
344
|
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<tt>files</tt> is another configuration method. In example 3 we used
|
|
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|
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<tt>lines</tt> to select what to process when iterating through a file.
|
|
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|
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<tt>files</tt> is used to select what to process when iterating through
|
|
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|
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directories. The arguments to <tt>files</tt> can be the same as those for
|
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|
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<tt>lines</tt> except that Ranges can not be used and globs can.
|
|
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|
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</p>
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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In our example, the argument to <tt>files</tt> is a string which is treated
|
|
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|
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as a glob. As with <tt>lines</tt>, <tt>files</tt> does not trigger any IO,
|
|
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|
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it just configures the <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>.
|
|
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|
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</p>
|
|
355
|
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<h3>There’s no action</h3>
|
|
356
|
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<p>
|
|
357
|
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The previous examples had something that triggered IO: <tt>readlines</tt>,
|
|
358
|
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<tt>to_a</tt>, <tt>each</tt>, <tt>> (copy-to)</tt>. This example does
|
|
359
|
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not. This example illustrates <a href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>’s
|
|
360
|
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‘implied each’. All the configuration methods will call each
|
|
361
|
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for you if a block is given. So, because a block follows the files method,
|
|
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|
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it calls <tt>each</tt> and passes it the block.
|
|
363
|
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</p>
|
|
364
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<p>
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264
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Put the first 100 chomped lines of a gzipped file into an array
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265
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</p>
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|
266
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<pre>
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267
|
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anarray = rio('afile.gz').chomp.gzip[0...100]
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268
|
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</pre>
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|
269
|
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<p>
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270
|
-
Put chomped lines that start with ‘<a
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271
|
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href="../Rio.html">Rio</a>’ into an array
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272
|
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</p>
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273
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<pre>
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274
|
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anarray = rio('afile').chomp[/^Rio/]
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275
|
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</pre>
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|
276
|
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<p>
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|
277
|
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Iterate over the non-empty, non-comment chomped lines of a file
|
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278
|
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</p>
|
|
279
|
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<pre>
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|
280
|
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rio('afile').chomp.nolines(:empty?,/^\s*#/) { |line| ... }
|
|
281
|
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</pre>
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|
282
|
-
<p>
|
|
283
|
-
Copy the output of th ps command into an array, skipping the header line
|
|
284
|
-
and the ps command entry
|
|
285
|
-
</p>
|
|
286
|
-
<pre>
|
|
287
|
-
rio(?-,'ps -a').nolines(0,/ps$/) > anarray
|
|
288
|
-
</pre>
|
|
289
|
-
<p>
|
|
290
|
-
Prompt for input and return what was typed
|
|
291
|
-
</p>
|
|
292
|
-
<pre>
|
|
293
|
-
ans = rio(?-).print("Type Something: ").chomp.gets
|
|
294
|
-
</pre>
|
|
295
|
-
<p>
|
|
296
|
-
Change the extension of all .htm files in a directory and its
|
|
297
|
-
subdirectories to .html
|
|
298
|
-
</p>
|
|
299
|
-
<pre>
|
|
300
|
-
rio('adir').rename.all.files('*.htm') do |htmfile|
|
|
301
|
-
htmfile.extname = '.html'
|
|
302
|
-
end
|
|
303
|
-
</pre>
|
|
304
|
-
<p>
|
|
305
|
-
Create a symbolic link ‘asymlink’ in ‘adir’ which
|
|
306
|
-
refers to ‘adir/afile‘
|
|
307
|
-
</p>
|
|
308
|
-
<pre>
|
|
309
|
-
rio('adir/afile').symlink('adir/asymlink')
|
|
310
|
-
</pre>
|
|
311
|
-
<h3>SUGGESTED READING</h3>
|
|
312
|
-
<ul>
|
|
313
|
-
<li><a href="INTRO.html">RIO::Doc::INTRO</a>
|
|
314
|
-
|
|
315
|
-
</li>
|
|
316
|
-
<li><a href="HOWTO.html">RIO::Doc::HOWTO</a>
|
|
317
|
-
|
|
318
|
-
</li>
|
|
319
|
-
<li><a href="../Rio.html">RIO::Rio</a>
|
|
320
|
-
|
|
321
|
-
</li>
|
|
322
|
-
</ul>
|
|
323
|
-
|
|
324
|
-
</div>
|
|
325
|
-
|
|
326
|
-
|
|
327
|
-
</div>
|
|
328
|
-
|
|
329
|
-
|
|
330
|
-
</div>
|
|
331
|
-
|
|
332
|
-
|
|
333
|
-
<!-- if includes -->
|
|
334
|
-
|
|
335
|
-
<div id="section">
|
|
336
|
-
|
|
337
|
-
|
|
338
|
-
|
|
339
|
-
|
|
340
|
-
|
|
341
|
-
|
|
342
|
-
|
|
343
|
-
|
|
344
|
-
<!-- if method_list -->
|
|
345
|
-
|
|
346
|
-
|
|
347
|
-
</div>
|
|
348
|
-
|
|
349
|
-
|
|
350
|
-
<div id="validator-badges">
|
|
351
|
-
<p><small>Copyright © 2005 Christopher Kleckner. <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">All rights reserved</a>.</small></p>
|
|
352
|
-
</div>
|
|
353
|
-
|
|
354
|
-
</body>
|
|
355
|
-
</html>
|