ricardoo27-writeexcel 0.6.12.1

data/test/test_biff.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require 'helper'
+require 'stringio'
+
+class TC_BIFFWriter < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+  TEST_DIR    = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+  PERL_OUTDIR = File.join(TEST_DIR, 'perl_output')
+
+  def setup
+    @biff = BIFFWriter.new
+    @ruby_file = StringIO.new
+  end
+
+  def test_append_no_error
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.append("World") }
+  end
+
+  def test_prepend_no_error
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.prepend("Hello") }
+  end
+
+  def test_data_added
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.append("Hello", "World") }
+    data = ''
+    while d = @biff.get_data
+      data += d
+    end
+    assert_equal("HelloWorld", data, "Bad data contents")
+    assert_equal(10, @biff.datasize, "Bad data size")
+  end
+
+  def test_data_prepended
+
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.append("Hello") }
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.prepend("World") }
+    data = ''
+    while d = @biff.get_data
+      data += d
+    end
+    assert_equal("WorldHello", data, "Bad data contents")
+    assert_equal(10, @biff.datasize, "Bad data size")
+  end
+
+  def test_store_bof_length
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.store_bof }
+    assert_equal(20, @biff.datasize, "Bad data size after store_bof call")
+  end
+
+  def test_store_eof_length
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.store_eof }
+    assert_equal(4, @biff.datasize, "Bad data size after store_eof call")
+  end
+
+  def test_datasize_mixed
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.append("Hello") }
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.prepend("World") }
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.store_bof }
+    assert_nothing_raised{ @biff.store_eof }
+    assert_equal(34, @biff.datasize, "Bad data size for mixed data")
+  end
+
+  def test_add_continue
+    perl_file = "#{PERL_OUTDIR}/biff_add_continue_testdata"
+    size = File.size(perl_file)
+    @ruby_file.print(@biff.add_continue('testdata'))
+    rsize = @ruby_file.size
+    assert_equal(size, rsize, "File sizes not the same")
+    compare_file(perl_file, @ruby_file)
+  end
+end

data/test/test_big_workbook.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require 'helper'
+require 'stringio'
+
+class TC_BigWorkbook < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+  def test_big_workbook_saves
+    workbook = Workbook.new(StringIO.new)
+    4.times do
+      worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+      500.times {|i| worksheet.write_row(i, 0, [rand(10000).to_s])}
+    end
+
+    assert_nothing_raised { workbook.close }
+  end
+
+end

data/test/test_compatibility.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require 'helper'
+require 'nkf'
+
+class TC_Compatibility < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_ord
+    a = 'a'
+    abc = 'abc'
+    assert_equal(97, a.ord, "#{a}.ord faild\n")
+    assert_equal(97, abc.ord, "#{abc}.ord faild\n")
+  end
+end

data/test/test_example_match.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3246 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require 'helper'
+require 'stringio'
+
+class TC_example_match < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+  TEST_DIR    = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+  PERL_OUTDIR = File.join(TEST_DIR, 'perl_output')
+
+  def setup
+    @file  = StringIO.new
+  end
+
+  def test_a_simple
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # The general syntax is write(row, column, token). Note that row and
+    # column are zero indexed
+    #
+
+    # Write some text
+    worksheet.write(0, 0,  "Hi Excel!")
+
+
+    # Write some numbers
+    worksheet.write(2, 0,  3)          # Writes 3
+    worksheet.write(3, 0,  3.00000)    # Writes 3
+    worksheet.write(4, 0,  3.00001)    # Writes 3.00001
+    worksheet.write(5, 0,  3.14159)    # TeX revision no.?
+
+
+    # Write some formulas
+    worksheet.write(7, 0,  '=A3 + A6')
+    worksheet.write(8, 0,  '=IF(A5>3,"Yes", "No")')
+
+
+    # Write a hyperlink
+    worksheet.write(10, 0, 'http://www.perl.com/')
+
+    # File save
+    workbook.close
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/a_simple.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_autofilter
+    workbook = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet5 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet6 = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    bold       = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+    # Extract the data embedded at the end of this file.
+    headings = %w(Region    Item      Volume    Month)
+    data = get_data_for_autofilter
+
+    # Set up several sheets with the same data.
+    workbook.sheets.each do |worksheet|
+        worksheet.set_column('A:D', 12)
+        worksheet.set_row(0, 20, bold)
+        worksheet.write('A1', headings)
+    end
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. Autofilter without conditions.
+    #
+
+    worksheet1.autofilter('A1:D51')
+    worksheet1.write('A2', [data])
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 2. Autofilter with a filter condition in the first column.
+    #
+
+    # The range in this example is the same as above but in row-column notation.
+    worksheet2.autofilter(0, 0, 50, 3)
+
+    # The placeholder "Region" in the filter is ignored and can be any string
+    # that adds clarity to the expression.
+    #
+    worksheet2.filter_column(0, 'Region eq East')
+
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    row = 1
+
+    data.each do |row_data|
+        region = row_data[0]
+
+        if region == 'East'
+            # Row is visible.
+        else
+            # Hide row.
+            worksheet2.set_row(row, nil, nil, 1)
+        end
+
+        worksheet2.write(row, 0, row_data)
+        row += 1
+    end
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 3. Autofilter with a dual filter condition in one of the columns.
+    #
+
+    worksheet3.autofilter('A1:D51')
+
+    worksheet3.filter_column('A', 'x eq East or x eq South')
+
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    row = 1
+
+    data.each do |row_data|
+        region = row_data[0]
+
+        if region == 'East' || region == 'South'
+            # Row is visible.
+        else
+            # Hide row.
+            worksheet3.set_row(row, nil, nil, 1)
+        end
+
+        worksheet3.write(row, 0, row_data)
+        row += 1
+    end
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 4. Autofilter with filter conditions in two columns.
+    #
+
+    worksheet4.autofilter('A1:D51')
+
+    worksheet4.filter_column('A', 'x eq East')
+    worksheet4.filter_column('C', 'x > 3000 and x < 8000' )
+
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    row = 1
+
+    data.each do |row_data|
+        region = row_data[0]
+        volume = row_data[2]
+
+        if region == 'East' && volume >  3000   && volume < 8000
+            # Row is visible.
+        else
+            # Hide row.
+            worksheet4.set_row(row, nil, nil, 1)
+        end
+
+        worksheet4.write(row, 0, row_data)
+        row += 1
+    end
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 5. Autofilter with filter for blanks.
+    #
+
+    # Create a blank cell in our test data.
+    data[5][0] = ''
+
+    worksheet5.autofilter('A1:D51')
+    worksheet5.filter_column('A', 'x == Blanks')
+
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    row = 1
+
+    data.each do |row_data|
+        region = row_data[0]
+
+        if region == ''
+            # Row is visible.
+        else
+            # Hide row.
+            worksheet5.set_row(row, nil, nil, 1)
+        end
+
+        worksheet5.write(row, 0, row_data)
+        row += 1
+    end
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 6. Autofilter with filter for non-blanks.
+    #
+
+    worksheet6.autofilter('A1:D51')
+    worksheet6.filter_column('A', 'x == NonBlanks')
+
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    row = 1
+
+    data.each do |row_data|
+        region = row_data[0]
+
+        if region != ''
+            # Row is visible.
+        else
+            # Hide row.
+            worksheet6.set_row(row, nil, nil, 1)
+        end
+
+        worksheet6.write(row, 0, row_data)
+        row += 1
+    end
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/autofilter.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def get_data_for_autofilter
+    [
+      ['East',      'Apple',     9000,      'July'],
+      ['East',      'Apple',     5000,      'July'],
+      ['South',     'Orange',    9000,      'September'],
+      ['North',     'Apple',     2000,      'November'],
+      ['West',      'Apple',     9000,      'November'],
+      ['South',     'Pear',      7000,      'October'],
+      ['North',     'Pear',      9000,      'August'],
+      ['West',      'Orange',    1000,      'December'],
+      ['West',      'Grape',     1000,      'November'],
+      ['South',     'Pear',      10000,     'April'],
+      ['West',      'Grape',     6000,      'January'],
+      ['South',     'Orange',    3000,      'May'],
+      ['North',     'Apple',     3000,      'December'],
+      ['South',     'Apple',     7000,      'February'],
+      ['West',      'Grape',     1000,      'December'],
+      ['East',      'Grape',     8000,      'February'],
+      ['South',     'Grape',     10000,     'June'],
+      ['West',      'Pear',      7000,      'December'],
+      ['South',     'Apple',     2000,      'October'],
+      ['East',      'Grape',     7000,      'December'],
+      ['North',     'Grape',     6000,      'April'],
+      ['East',      'Pear',      8000,      'February'],
+      ['North',     'Apple',     7000,      'August'],
+      ['North',     'Orange',    7000,      'July'],
+      ['North',     'Apple',     6000,      'June'],
+      ['South',     'Grape',     8000,      'September'],
+      ['West',      'Apple',     3000,      'October'],
+      ['South',     'Orange',    10000,     'November'],
+      ['West',      'Grape',     4000,      'July'],
+      ['North',     'Orange',    5000,      'August'],
+      ['East',      'Orange',    1000,      'November'],
+      ['East',      'Orange',    4000,      'October'],
+      ['North',     'Grape',     5000,      'August'],
+      ['East',      'Apple',     1000,      'December'],
+      ['South',     'Apple',     10000,     'March'],
+      ['East',      'Grape',     7000,      'October'],
+      ['West',      'Grape',     1000,      'September'],
+      ['East',      'Grape',     10000,     'October'],
+      ['South',     'Orange',    8000,      'March'],
+      ['North',     'Apple',     4000,      'July'],
+      ['South',     'Orange',    5000,      'July'],
+      ['West',      'Apple',     4000,      'June'],
+      ['East',      'Apple',     5000,      'April'],
+      ['North',     'Pear',      3000,      'August'],
+      ['East',      'Grape',     9000,      'November'],
+      ['North',     'Orange',    8000,      'October'],
+      ['East',      'Apple',     10000,     'June'],
+      ['South',     'Pear',      1000,      'December'],
+      ['North',     'Grape',     10000,     'July'],
+      ['East',      'Grape',     6000,      'February'],
+    ]
+  end
+
+  def test_regions
+    workbook = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+
+    # Add some worksheets
+    north = workbook.add_worksheet("North")
+    south = workbook.add_worksheet("South")
+    east  = workbook.add_worksheet("East")
+    west  = workbook.add_worksheet("West")
+
+    # Add a Format
+    format = workbook.add_format()
+    format.set_bold()
+    format.set_color('blue')
+
+    # Add a caption to each worksheet
+    workbook.sheets.each do |worksheet|
+        worksheet.write(0, 0, "Sales", format)
+    end
+
+    # Write some data
+    north.write(0, 1, 200000)
+    south.write(0, 1, 100000)
+    east.write(0, 1, 150000)
+    west.write(0, 1, 100000)
+
+    # Set the active worksheet
+    bp=1
+    south.activate()
+
+    # Set the width of the first column
+    south.set_column(0, 0, 20)
+
+    # Set the active cell
+    south.set_selection(0, 1)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/regions.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_stats
+    workbook = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('Test data')
+
+    # Set the column width for columns 1
+    worksheet.set_column(0, 0, 20)
+
+    # Create a format for the headings
+    format = workbook.add_format
+    format.set_bold
+
+    # Write the sample data
+    worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Sample', format)
+    worksheet.write(0, 1, 1)
+    worksheet.write(0, 2, 2)
+    worksheet.write(0, 3, 3)
+    worksheet.write(0, 4, 4)
+    worksheet.write(0, 5, 5)
+    worksheet.write(0, 6, 6)
+    worksheet.write(0, 7, 7)
+    worksheet.write(0, 8, 8)
+
+    worksheet.write(1, 0, 'Length', format)
+    worksheet.write(1, 1, 25.4)
+    worksheet.write(1, 2, 25.4)
+    worksheet.write(1, 3, 24.8)
+    worksheet.write(1, 4, 25.0)
+    worksheet.write(1, 5, 25.3)
+    worksheet.write(1, 6, 24.9)
+    worksheet.write(1, 7, 25.2)
+    worksheet.write(1, 8, 24.8)
+
+    # Write some statistical functions
+    worksheet.write(4,  0, 'Count', format)
+    worksheet.write(4,  1, '=COUNT(B1:I1)')
+
+    worksheet.write(5,  0, 'Sum', format)
+    worksheet.write(5,  1, '=SUM(B2:I2)')
+
+    worksheet.write(6,  0, 'Average', format)
+    worksheet.write(6,  1, '=AVERAGE(B2:I2)')
+
+    worksheet.write(7,  0, 'Min', format)
+    worksheet.write(7,  1, '=MIN(B2:I2)')
+
+    worksheet.write(8,  0, 'Max', format)
+    worksheet.write(8,  1, '=MAX(B2:I2)')
+
+    worksheet.write(9,  0, 'Standard Deviation', format)
+    worksheet.write(9,  1, '=STDEV(B2:I2)')
+
+    worksheet.write(10, 0, 'Kurtosis', format)
+    worksheet.write(10, 1, '=KURT(B2:I2)')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/stats.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_hyperlink1
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('Hyperlinks')
+
+    # Format the first column
+    worksheet.set_column('A:A', 30)
+    worksheet.set_selection('B1')
+
+
+    # Add a sample format
+    format = workbook.add_format
+    format.set_size(12)
+    format.set_bold
+    format.set_color('red')
+    format.set_underline
+
+
+    # Write some hyperlinks
+    worksheet.write('A1', 'http://www.perl.com/'                )
+    worksheet.write('A3', 'http://www.perl.com/', 'Perl home'   )
+    worksheet.write('A5', 'http://www.perl.com/', nil, format)
+    worksheet.write('A7', 'mailto:jmcnamara@cpan.org', 'Mail me')
+
+    # Write a URL that isn't a hyperlink
+    worksheet.write_string('A9', 'http://www.perl.com/')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/hyperlink.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_copyformat
+    # Create workbook1
+    workbook1       = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet1      = workbook1.add_worksheet
+    format1a        = workbook1.add_format
+    format1b        = workbook1.add_format
+
+    # Create workbook2
+    file2 = StringIO.new
+    workbook2       = WriteExcel.new(file2)
+    worksheet2      = workbook2.add_worksheet
+    format2a        = workbook2.add_format
+    format2b        = workbook2.add_format
+
+    # Create a global format object that isn't tied to a workbook
+    global_format   = Writeexcel::Format.new
+
+    # Set the formatting
+    global_format.set_color('blue')
+    global_format.set_bold
+    global_format.set_italic
+
+    # Create another example format
+    format1b.set_color('red')
+
+    # Copy the global format properties to the worksheet formats
+    format1a.copy(global_format)
+    format2a.copy(global_format)
+
+    # Copy a format from worksheet1 to worksheet2
+    format2b.copy(format1b)
+
+    # Write some output
+    worksheet1.write(0, 0, "Ciao", format1a)
+    worksheet1.write(1, 0, "Ciao", format1b)
+
+    worksheet2.write(0, 0, "Hello", format2a)
+    worksheet2.write(1, 0, "Hello", format2b)
+    workbook1.close
+    workbook2.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/workbook1.xls", @file)
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/workbook2.xls", file2)
+  end
+
+  def test_data_validate
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Add a format for the header cells.
+    header_format = workbook.add_format(
+                                                :border      => 1,
+                                                :bg_color    => 43,
+                                                :bold        => 1,
+                                                :text_wrap   => 1,
+                                                :valign      => 'vcenter',
+                                                :indent      => 1
+                                             )
+
+    # Set up layout of the worksheet.
+    worksheet.set_column('A:A', 64)
+    worksheet.set_column('B:B', 15)
+    worksheet.set_column('D:D', 15)
+    worksheet.set_row(0, 36)
+    worksheet.set_selection('B3')
+
+
+    # Write the header cells and some data that will be used in the examples.
+    row = 0
+    heading1 = 'Some examples of data validation in WriteExcel'
+    heading2 = 'Enter values in this column'
+    heading3 = 'Sample Data'
+
+    worksheet.write('A1', heading1, header_format)
+    worksheet.write('B1', heading2, header_format)
+    worksheet.write('D1', heading3, header_format)
+
+    worksheet.write('D3', ['Integers',   1, 10])
+    worksheet.write('D4', ['List data', 'open', 'high', 'close'])
+    worksheet.write('D5', ['Formula',   '=AND(F5=50,G5=60)', 50, 60])
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 1. Limiting input to an integer in a fixed range.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter an integer between 1 and 10'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'integer',
+            :criteria        => 'between',
+            :minimum         => 1,
+            :maximum         => 10
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 2. Limiting input to an integer outside a fixed range.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter an integer that is not between 1 and 10 (using cell references)'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'integer',
+            :criteria        => 'not between',
+            :minimum         => '=E3',
+            :maximum         => '=F3'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 3. Limiting input to an integer greater than a fixed value.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter an integer greater than 0'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'integer',
+            :criteria        => '>',
+            :value           => 0
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 4. Limiting input to an integer less than a fixed value.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter an integer less than 10'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'integer',
+            :criteria        => '<',
+            :value           => 10
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 5. Limiting input to a decimal in a fixed range.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter a decimal between 0.1 and 0.5'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'decimal',
+            :criteria        => 'between',
+            :minimum         => 0.1,
+            :maximum         => 0.5
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 6. Limiting input to a value in a dropdown list.
+    #
+    txt = 'Select a value from a drop down list'
+    row += 2
+    bp=1
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'list',
+            :source          => ['open', 'high', 'close']
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 6. Limiting input to a value in a dropdown list.
+    #
+    txt = 'Select a value from a drop down list (using a cell range)'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'list',
+            :source          => '=E4:G4'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 7. Limiting input to a date in a fixed range.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter a date between 1/1/2008 and 12/12/2008'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'date',
+            :criteria        => 'between',
+            :minimum         => '2008-01-01T',
+            :maximum         => '2008-12-12T'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 8. Limiting input to a time in a fixed range.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter a time between 6:00 and 12:00'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'time',
+            :criteria        => 'between',
+            :minimum         => 'T06:00',
+            :maximum         => 'T12:00'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 9. Limiting input to a string greater than a fixed length.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter a string longer than 3 characters'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'length',
+            :criteria        => '>',
+            :value           => 3
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 10. Limiting input based on a formula.
+    #
+    txt = 'Enter a value if the following is true "=AND(F5=50,G5=60)"'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate        => 'custom',
+            :value           => '=AND(F5=50,G5=60)'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 11. Displaying and modify data validation messages.
+    #
+    txt = 'Displays a message when you select the cell'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate      => 'integer',
+            :criteria      => 'between',
+            :minimum       => 1,
+            :maximum       => 100,
+            :input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
+            :input_message => 'between 1 and 100'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 12. Displaying and modify data validation messages.
+    #
+    txt = 'Display a custom error message when integer isn\'t between 1 and 100'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate      => 'integer',
+            :criteria      => 'between',
+            :minimum       => 1,
+            :maximum       => 100,
+            :input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
+            :input_message => 'between 1 and 100',
+            :error_title   => 'Input value is not valid!',
+            :error_message => 'It should be an integer between 1 and 100'
+        })
+
+
+    #
+    # Example 13. Displaying and modify data validation messages.
+    #
+    txt = 'Display a custom information message when integer isn\'t between 1 and 100'
+    row += 2
+
+    worksheet.write(row, 0, txt)
+    worksheet.data_validation(row, 1,
+        {
+            :validate      => 'integer',
+            :criteria      => 'between',
+            :minimum       => 1,
+            :maximum       => 100,
+            :input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
+            :input_message => 'between 1 and 100',
+            :error_title   => 'Input value is not valid!',
+            :error_message => 'It should be an integer between 1 and 100',
+            :error_type    => 'information'
+        })
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/data_validate.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_merge1
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    worksheet.set_column('B:D', 20)
+    worksheet.set_row(2, 30)
+
+    # Create a merge format
+    format = workbook.add_format(:center_across => 1)
+
+    # Only one cell should contain text, the others should be blank.
+    worksheet.write(2, 1, "Center across selection", format)
+    worksheet.write_blank(2, 2,                 format)
+    worksheet.write_blank(2, 3,                 format)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/merge1.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_merge2
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    worksheet.set_column(1, 2, 30)
+    worksheet.set_row(2, 40)
+
+    # Create a merged format
+    format = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :center_across   => 1,
+                                        :bold            => 1,
+                                        :size            => 15,
+                                        :pattern         => 1,
+                                        :border          => 6,
+                                        :color           => 'white',
+                                        :fg_color        => 'green',
+                                        :border_color    => 'yellow',
+                                        :align           => 'vcenter'
+                                  )
+
+    # Only one cell should contain text, the others should be blank.
+    worksheet.write(2, 1, "Center across selection", format)
+    worksheet.write_blank(2, 2,                      format)
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/merge2.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_merge3
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
+
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    [1, 3,6,7].each { |row| worksheet.set_row(row, 30) }
+    worksheet.set_column('B:D', 20)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Merge cells containing a hyperlink using write_url_range()
+    # and the standard Excel 5+ merge property.
+    #
+    format1 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :center_across   => 1,
+                                        :border          => 1,
+                                        :underline       => 1,
+                                        :color           => 'blue'
+                                 )
+
+    # Write the cells to be merged
+    worksheet.write_url_range('B2:D2', 'http://www.perl.com', format1)
+    worksheet.write_blank('C2', format1)
+    worksheet.write_blank('D2', format1)
+
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Merge cells containing a hyperlink using merge_range().
+    #
+    format2 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border      => 1,
+                                        :underline   => 1,
+                                        :color       => 'blue',
+                                        :align       => 'center',
+                                        :valign      => 'vcenter'
+                                 )
+
+    # Merge 3 cells
+    worksheet.merge_range('B4:D4', 'http://www.perl.com', format2)
+
+
+    # Merge 3 cells over two rows
+    worksheet.merge_range('B7:D8', 'http://www.perl.com', format2)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/merge3.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_merge4
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    (1..11).each { |row| worksheet.set_row(row, 30) }
+    worksheet.set_column('B:D', 20)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Text centered vertically and horizontally
+    #
+    format1 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border  => 6,
+                                        :bold    => 1,
+                                        :color   => 'red',
+                                        :valign  => 'vcenter',
+                                        :align   => 'center'
+                                       )
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('B2:D3', 'Vertical and horizontal', format1)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Text aligned to the top and left
+    #
+    format2 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border  => 6,
+                                        :bold    => 1,
+                                        :color   => 'red',
+                                        :valign  => 'top',
+                                        :align   => 'left'
+                                      )
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('B5:D6', 'Aligned to the top and left', format2)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3:  Text aligned to the bottom and right
+    #
+    format3 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border  => 6,
+                                        :bold    => 1,
+                                        :color   => 'red',
+                                        :valign  => 'bottom',
+                                        :align   => 'right'
+                                      )
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('B8:D9', 'Aligned to the bottom and right', format3)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4:  Text justified (i.e. wrapped) in the cell
+    #
+    format4 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border  => 6,
+                                        :bold    => 1,
+                                        :color   => 'red',
+                                        :valign  => 'top',
+                                        :align   => 'justify'
+                                      )
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('B11:D12', 'Justified: '+'so on and '*18, format4)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/merge4.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_merge5
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    (3..8).each { |col| worksheet.set_row(col, 36) }
+    [1, 3, 5].each { |n| worksheet.set_column(n, n, 15) }
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Rotation 1, letters run from top to bottom
+    #
+    format1 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border      => 6,
+                                        :bold        => 1,
+                                        :color       => 'red',
+                                        :valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        :align       => 'centre',
+                                        :rotation    => 270
+                                      )
+
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('B4:B9', 'Rotation 270', format1)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Rotation 2, 90° anticlockwise
+    #
+    format2 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border      => 6,
+                                        :bold        => 1,
+                                        :color       => 'red',
+                                        :valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        :align       => 'centre',
+                                        :rotation    => 90
+                                      )
+
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('D4:D9', 'Rotation 90', format2)
+
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Rotation 3, 90° clockwise
+    #
+    format3 = workbook.add_format(
+                                        :border      => 6,
+                                        :bold        => 1,
+                                        :color       => 'red',
+                                        :valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        :align       => 'centre',
+                                        :rotation    => -90
+                                      )
+
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('F4:F9', 'Rotation -90', format3)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/merge5.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_merge6
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    (2..9).each { |i| worksheet.set_row(i, 36) }
+    worksheet.set_column('B:D', 25)
+
+    # Format for the merged cells.
+    format = workbook.add_format(
+               :border      => 6,
+               :bold        => 1,
+               :color       => 'red',
+               :size        => 20,
+               :valign      => 'vcentre',
+               :align       => 'left',
+               :indent      => 1
+      )
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Write an Ascii string.
+    #
+
+    worksheet.merge_range('B3:D4', 'ASCII: A simple string', format)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Write a UTF-16 Unicode string.
+    #
+
+    # A phrase in Cyrillic encoded as UTF-16BE.
+    utf16_str = [
+      '005500540046002d00310036003a0020' <<
+      '042d0442043e002004440440043004370430002004' <<
+      '3d043000200440044304410441043a043e043c0021'
+    ].pack("H*")
+
+    # Note the extra parameter at the end to indicate UTF-16 encoding.
+    worksheet.merge_range('B6:D7', utf16_str, format, 1)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Write a UTF-8 Unicode string.
+    #
+
+    smiley = '☺'  # chr 0x263a in perl
+    worksheet.merge_range('B9:D10', "UTF-8: A Unicode smiley #{smiley}", format)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/merge6.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_images
+    # Create a new workbook called simple.xls and add a worksheet
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet('Image 1')
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Image 2')
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('Image 3')
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet('Image 4')
+    bp=1
+
+    # Insert a basic image
+    worksheet1.write('A10', "Image inserted into worksheet.")
+    worksheet1.insert_image('A1', File.join(TEST_DIR,'republic.png'))
+
+
+    # Insert an image with an offset
+    worksheet2.write('A10', "Image inserted with an offset.")
+    worksheet2.insert_image('A1', File.join(TEST_DIR,'republic.png'), 32, 10)
+
+    # Insert a scaled image
+    worksheet3.write('A10', "Image scaled: width x 2, height x 0.8.")
+    worksheet3.insert_image('A1', File.join(TEST_DIR,'republic.png'), 0, 0, 2, 0.8)
+
+    # Insert an image over varied column and row sizes
+    # This does not require any additional work
+
+    # Set the cols and row sizes
+    # NOTE: you must do this before you call insert_image()
+    worksheet4.set_column('A:A', 5)
+    worksheet4.set_column('B:B', nil, nil, 1) # Hidden
+    worksheet4.set_column('C:D', 10)
+    worksheet4.set_row(0, 30)
+    worksheet4.set_row(3, 5)
+
+    worksheet4.write('A10', "Image inserted over scaled rows and columns.")
+    worksheet4.insert_image('A1', File.join(TEST_DIR,'republic.png'))
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/images.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_tab_colors
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+
+    worksheet1 =  workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet2 =  workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet3 =  workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet4 =  workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Worsheet1 will have the default tab colour.
+    worksheet2.set_tab_color('red')
+    worksheet3.set_tab_color('green')
+    worksheet4.set_tab_color(0x35) # Orange
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/tab_colors.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_stocks
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Set the column width for columns 1, 2, 3 and 4
+    worksheet.set_column(0, 3, 15)
+
+
+    # Create a format for the column headings
+    header = workbook.add_format
+    header.set_bold
+    header.set_size(12)
+    header.set_color('blue')
+
+
+    # Create a format for the stock price
+    f_price = workbook.add_format
+    f_price.set_align('left')
+    f_price.set_num_format('$0.00')
+
+
+    # Create a format for the stock volume
+    f_volume = workbook.add_format
+    f_volume.set_align('left')
+    f_volume.set_num_format('#,##0')
+
+
+    # Create a format for the price change. This is an example of a conditional
+    # format. The number is formatted as a percentage. If it is positive it is
+    # formatted in green, if it is negative it is formatted in red and if it is
+    # zero it is formatted as the default font colour (in this case black).
+    # Note: the [Green] format produces an unappealing lime green. Try
+    # [Color 10] instead for a dark green.
+    #
+    f_change = workbook.add_format
+    f_change.set_align('left')
+    f_change.set_num_format('[Green]0.0%;[Red]-0.0%;0.0%')
+
+
+    # Write out the data
+    worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Company', header)
+    worksheet.write(0, 1, 'Price',   header)
+    worksheet.write(0, 2, 'Volume',  header)
+    worksheet.write(0, 3, 'Change',  header)
+
+    worksheet.write(1, 0, 'Damage Inc.'     )
+    worksheet.write(1, 1, 30.25,     f_price)  # $30.25
+    worksheet.write(1, 2, 1234567,   f_volume) # 1,234,567
+    worksheet.write(1, 3, 0.085,     f_change) # 8.5% in green
+
+    worksheet.write(2, 0, 'Dump Corp.'      )
+    worksheet.write(2, 1, 1.56,      f_price)  # $1.56
+    worksheet.write(2, 2, 7564,      f_volume) # 7,564
+    worksheet.write(2, 3, -0.015,    f_change) # -1.5% in red
+
+    worksheet.write(3, 0, 'Rev Ltd.'        )
+    worksheet.write(3, 1, 0.13,      f_price)  # $0.13
+    worksheet.write(3, 2, 321,       f_volume) # 321
+    worksheet.write(3, 3, 0,         f_change) # 0 in the font color (black)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/stocks.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_protection
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Create some format objects
+    locked    = workbook.add_format(:locked => 1)
+    unlocked  = workbook.add_format(:locked => 0)
+    hidden    = workbook.add_format(:hidden => 1)
+
+    # Format the columns
+    worksheet.set_column('A:A', 42)
+    worksheet.set_selection('B3:B3')
+
+    # Protect the worksheet
+    worksheet.protect
+
+    # Examples of cell locking and hiding
+    worksheet.write('A1', 'Cell B1 is locked. It cannot be edited.')
+    worksheet.write('B1', '=1+2', locked)
+
+    worksheet.write('A2', 'Cell B2 is unlocked. It can be edited.')
+    worksheet.write('B2', '=1+2', unlocked)
+
+    worksheet.write('A3', "Cell B3 is hidden. The formula isn't visible.")
+    worksheet.write('B3', '=1+2', hidden)
+
+    worksheet.write('A5', 'Use Menu->Tools->Protection->Unprotect Sheet')
+    worksheet.write('A6', 'to remove the worksheet protection.   ')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/protection.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_password_protection
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Create some format objects
+    locked    = workbook.add_format(:locked => 1)
+    unlocked  = workbook.add_format(:locked => 0)
+    hidden    = workbook.add_format(:hidden => 1)
+
+    # Format the columns
+    worksheet.set_column('A:A', 42)
+    worksheet.set_selection('B3:B3')
+
+    # Protect the worksheet
+    worksheet.protect('password')
+
+    # Examples of cell locking and hiding
+    worksheet.write('A1', 'Cell B1 is locked. It cannot be edited.')
+    worksheet.write('B1', '=1+2', locked)
+
+    worksheet.write('A2', 'Cell B2 is unlocked. It can be edited.')
+    worksheet.write('B2', '=1+2', unlocked)
+
+    worksheet.write('A3', "Cell B3 is hidden. The formula isn't visible.")
+    worksheet.write('B3', '=1+2', hidden)
+
+    worksheet.write('A5', 'Use Menu->Tools->Protection->Unprotect Sheet')
+    worksheet.write('A6', 'to remove the worksheet protection.   ')
+    worksheet.write('A7', 'The password is "password".   ')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/password_protection.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_date_time
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+    bold      = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+    # Expand the first column so that the date is visible.
+    worksheet.set_column("A:B", 30)
+
+    # Write the column headers
+    worksheet.write('A1', 'Formatted date', bold)
+    worksheet.write('B1', 'Format',         bold)
+
+    # Examples date and time formats. In the output file compare how changing
+    # the format codes change the appearance of the date.
+    #
+    date_formats = [
+        'dd/mm/yy',
+        'mm/dd/yy',
+        '',
+        'd mm yy',
+        'dd mm yy',
+        '',
+        'dd m yy',
+        'dd mm yy',
+        'dd mmm yy',
+        'dd mmmm yy',
+        '',
+        'dd mm y',
+        'dd mm yyy',
+        'dd mm yyyy',
+        '',
+        'd mmmm yyyy',
+        '',
+        'dd/mm/yy',
+        'dd/mm/yy hh:mm',
+        'dd/mm/yy hh:mm:ss',
+        'dd/mm/yy hh:mm:ss.000',
+        '',
+        'hh:mm',
+        'hh:mm:ss',
+        'hh:mm:ss.000',
+    ]
+
+    # Write the same date and time using each of the above formats. The empty
+    # string formats create a blank line to make the example clearer.
+    #
+    row = 0
+    date_formats.each do |date_format|
+      row += 1
+      next if date_format == ''
+
+      # Create a format for the date or time.
+      format =  workbook.add_format(
+                                  :num_format => date_format,
+                                  :align      => 'left'
+                                 )
+
+      # Write the same date using different formats.
+      worksheet.write_date_time(row, 0, '2004-08-01T12:30:45.123', format)
+      worksheet.write(row, 1, date_format)
+    end
+
+    # The following is an example of an invalid date. It is written as a string instead
+    # of a number. This is also Excel's default behaviour.
+    #
+    row += 2
+    worksheet.write_date_time(row, 0, '2004-13-01T12:30:45.123')
+    worksheet.write(row, 1, 'Invalid date. Written as string.', bold)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/date_time.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_diag_border
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    format1   = workbook.add_format(:diag_type     => 1)
+    format2   = workbook.add_format(:diag_type     => 2)
+    format3   = workbook.add_format(:diag_type     => 3)
+    format4   = workbook.add_format(
+                                  :diag_type       => 3,
+                                  :diag_border     => 7,
+                                  :diag_color      => 'red'
+                )
+
+    worksheet.write('B3',  'Text', format1)
+    worksheet.write('B6',  'Text', format2)
+    worksheet.write('B9',  'Text', format3)
+    worksheet.write('B12', 'Text', format4)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/diag_border.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_headers
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    preview   = "Select Print Preview to see the header and footer"
+
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example to start
+    #
+    worksheet1  = workbook.add_worksheet('Simple')
+
+    header1     = '&CHere is some centred text.'
+
+    footer1     = '&LHere is some left aligned text.'
+
+
+    worksheet1.set_header(header1)
+    worksheet1.set_footer(footer1)
+
+    worksheet1.set_column('A:A', 50)
+    worksheet1.write('A1', preview)
+
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # This is an example of some of the header/footer variables.
+    #
+    worksheet2  = workbook.add_worksheet('Variables')
+
+    header2     = '&LPage &P of &N'+
+                      '&CFilename: &F' +
+                      '&RSheetname: &A'
+
+    footer2     = '&LCurrent date: &D'+
+                      '&RCurrent time: &T'
+
+    worksheet2.set_header(header2)
+    worksheet2.set_footer(footer2)
+
+
+    worksheet2.set_column('A:A', 50)
+    worksheet2.write('A1', preview)
+    worksheet2.write('A21', "Next sheet")
+    worksheet2.set_h_pagebreaks(20)
+
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # This example shows how to use more than one font
+    #
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('Mixed fonts')
+
+    header3    = '&C' +
+                     '&"Courier New,Bold"Hello ' +
+                     '&"Arial,Italic"World'
+
+    footer3    = '&C' +
+                     '&"Symbol"e' +
+                     '&"Arial" = mc&X2'
+
+    worksheet3.set_header(header3)
+    worksheet3.set_footer(footer3)
+
+    worksheet3.set_column('A:A', 50)
+    worksheet3.write('A1', preview)
+
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of line wrapping
+    #
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet('Word wrap')
+
+    header4    = "&CHeading 1\nHeading 2\nHeading 3"
+
+    worksheet4.set_header(header4)
+
+    worksheet4.set_column('A:A', 50)
+    worksheet4.write('A1', preview)
+
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of inserting a literal ampersand &
+    #
+    worksheet5 = workbook.add_worksheet('Ampersand')
+
+    header5    = "&CCuriouser && Curiouser - Attorneys at Law"
+
+    worksheet5.set_header(header5)
+
+    worksheet5.set_column('A:A', 50)
+    worksheet5.write('A1', preview)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/headers.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_demo
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+worksheet  = workbook.add_worksheet('Demo')
+worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Another sheet')
+worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('And another')
+
+bold       = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Write a general heading
+#
+worksheet.set_column('A:A', 36, bold)
+worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20       )
+worksheet.set_row(0,     40       )
+
+heading  = workbook.add_format(
+                                :bold    => 1,
+                                :color   => 'blue',
+                                :size    => 16,
+                                :merge   => 1,
+                                :align  => 'vcenter'
+                              )
+
+headings = ['Features of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel', '']
+worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, heading)
+
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Some text examples
+#
+text_format  = workbook.add_format(
+                                    :bold    => 1,
+                                    :italic  => 1,
+                                    :color   => 'red',
+                                    :size    => 18,
+                                    :font    =>'Lucida Calligraphy'
+                                  )
+
+# A phrase in Cyrillic
+unicode = [
+            "042d0442043e002004440440043004370430002004"+
+            "3d043000200440044304410441043a043e043c0021"
+          ].pack('H*')
+
+worksheet.write('A2', "Text")
+worksheet.write('B2', "Hello Excel")
+worksheet.write('A3', "Formatted text")
+worksheet.write('B3', "Hello Excel", text_format)
+worksheet.write('A4', "Unicode text")
+worksheet.write_utf16be_string('B4', unicode)
+
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Some numeric examples
+#
+num1_format  = workbook.add_format(:num_format => '$#,##0.00')
+num2_format  = workbook.add_format(:num_format => ' d mmmm yyy')
+
+worksheet.write('A5', "Numbers")
+worksheet.write('B5', 1234.56)
+worksheet.write('A6', "Formatted numbers")
+worksheet.write('B6', 1234.56, num1_format)
+worksheet.write('A7', "Formatted numbers")
+worksheet.write('B7', 37257, num2_format)
+
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Formulae
+#
+worksheet.set_selection('B8')
+worksheet.write('A8', 'Formulas and functions, "=SIN(PI()/4)"')
+worksheet.write('B8', '=SIN(PI()/4)')
+
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Hyperlinks
+#
+worksheet.write('A9', "Hyperlinks")
+worksheet.write('B9',  'http://www.perl.com/' )
+
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Images
+#
+worksheet.write('A10', "Images")
+worksheet.insert_image('B10', "#{TEST_DIR}/republic.png", 16, 8)
+
+
+#######################################################################
+#
+# Misc
+#
+worksheet.write('A18', "Page/printer setup")
+worksheet.write('A19', "Multiple worksheets")
+
+workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/demo.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_unicode_cyrillic
+    # Create a Russian worksheet name in utf8.
+    sheet   = [0x0421, 0x0442, 0x0440, 0x0430, 0x043D, 0x0438,
+                         0x0446, 0x0430].pack("U*")
+
+    # Create a Russian string.
+    str     = [0x0417, 0x0434, 0x0440, 0x0430, 0x0432, 0x0441,
+                       0x0442, 0x0432, 0x0443, 0x0439, 0x0020, 0x041C,
+                       0x0438, 0x0440, 0x0021].pack("U*")
+
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet(sheet + '1')
+
+    worksheet.set_column('A:A', 18)
+    worksheet.write('A1', str)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/unicode_cyrillic.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_defined_name
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    workbook.define_name('Exchange_rate', '=0.96')
+    workbook.define_name('Sales',         '=Sheet1!$G$1:$H$10')
+    workbook.define_name('Sheet2!Sales',  '=Sheet2!$G$1:$G$10')
+
+    workbook.sheets.each do |worksheet|
+      worksheet.set_column('A:A', 45)
+      worksheet.write('A2', 'This worksheet contains some defined names,')
+      worksheet.write('A3', 'See the Insert -> Name -> Define dialog.')
+    end
+
+    worksheet1.write('A4', '=Exchange_rate')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/defined_name.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_chart_area
+workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+bold      = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+# Add the data to the worksheet that the charts will refer to.
+headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ]
+data = [
+    [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+    [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+    [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ]
+]
+
+worksheet.write('A1', headings, bold)
+worksheet.write('A2', data)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 1. A minimal chart.
+#
+chart1 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Area')
+
+# Add values only. Use the default categories.
+chart1.add_series( :values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+#            and a series name.
+#
+chart2 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Area')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart2.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+#
+chart3 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Area')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart3.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart3.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart3.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart3.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series
+#
+chart4 = workbook.add_chart(:name => 'Results Chart', :type => 'Chart::Area')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add another series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 2'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart4.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart4.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart4.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+#
+chart5 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Area', :embedded => 1)
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart5.add_series(
+  :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+  :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+  :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart5.set_title(:name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart5.set_x_axis(:name => 'Sample number')
+chart5.set_y_axis(:name => 'Sample length (cm)')
+
+# Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+worksheet.insert_chart('E2', chart5)
+
+# File save
+workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/chart_area.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_chart_bar
+workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+bold      = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+# Add the data to the worksheet that the charts will refer to.
+headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ]
+data = [
+    [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+    [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+    [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ]
+]
+
+worksheet.write('A1', headings, bold)
+worksheet.write('A2', data)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 1. A minimal chart.
+#
+chart1 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Bar')
+
+# Add values only. Use the default categories.
+chart1.add_series( :values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+#            and a series name.
+#
+chart2 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Bar')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart2.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+#
+chart3 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Bar')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart3.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart3.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart3.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart3.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series
+#
+chart4 = workbook.add_chart(:name => 'Results Chart', :type => 'Chart::Bar')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add another series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 2'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart4.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart4.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart4.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+#
+chart5 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Bar', :embedded => 1)
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart5.add_series(
+  :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+  :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+  :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart5.set_title(:name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart5.set_x_axis(:name => 'Sample number')
+chart5.set_y_axis(:name => 'Sample length (cm)')
+
+# Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+worksheet.insert_chart('E2', chart5)
+
+# File save
+workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/chart_bar.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_chart_column
+workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+bold      = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+# Add the data to the worksheet that the charts will refer to.
+headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ]
+data = [
+    [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+    [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+    [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ]
+]
+
+worksheet.write('A1', headings, bold)
+worksheet.write('A2', data)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 1. A minimal chart.
+#
+chart1 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Column')
+
+# Add values only. Use the default categories.
+chart1.add_series( :values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+#            and a series name.
+#
+chart2 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Column')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart2.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+#
+chart3 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Column')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart3.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart3.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart3.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart3.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series
+#
+chart4 = workbook.add_chart(:name => 'Results Chart', :type => 'Chart::Column')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add another series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 2'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart4.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart4.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart4.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+#
+chart5 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Column', :embedded => 1)
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart5.add_series(
+  :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+  :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+  :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart5.set_title(:name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart5.set_x_axis(:name => 'Sample number')
+chart5.set_y_axis(:name => 'Sample length (cm)')
+
+# Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+worksheet.insert_chart('E2', chart5)
+
+# File save
+workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/chart_column.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_chart_line
+workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+bold      = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+# Add the data to the worksheet that the charts will refer to.
+headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ]
+data = [
+    [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+    [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+    [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ]
+]
+
+worksheet.write('A1', headings, bold)
+worksheet.write('A2', data)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 1. A minimal chart.
+#
+chart1 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Line')
+
+# Add values only. Use the default categories.
+chart1.add_series( :values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+#            and a series name.
+#
+chart2 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Line')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart2.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+#
+chart3 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Line')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart3.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart3.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart3.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart3.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series
+#
+chart4 = workbook.add_chart(:name => 'Results Chart', :type => 'Chart::Line')
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add another series.
+chart4.add_series(
+    :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+    :values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+    :name       => 'Test data series 2'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart4.set_title( :name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart4.set_x_axis( :name => 'Sample number' )
+chart4.set_y_axis( :name => 'Sample length (cm)' )
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+#
+chart5 = workbook.add_chart(:type => 'Chart::Line', :embedded => 1)
+
+# Configure the series.
+chart5.add_series(
+  :categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+  :values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+  :name       => 'Test data series 1'
+)
+
+# Add some labels.
+chart5.set_title(:name => 'Results of sample analysis' )
+chart5.set_x_axis(:name => 'Sample number')
+chart5.set_y_axis(:name => 'Sample length (cm)')
+
+# Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+worksheet.insert_chart('E2', chart5)
+
+# File save
+workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/chart_line.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_chess
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
+
+    # Some row and column formatting
+    worksheet.set_column('B:I', 10)
+
+    (1..8).each { |i| worksheet.set_row(i, 50) }
+
+    # Define the property hashes
+    #
+    black = {
+              'fg_color'  => 'black',
+              'pattern'   => 1,
+            }
+
+    top     = { 'top'    => 6 }
+    bottom  = { 'bottom' => 6 }
+    left    = { 'left'   => 6 }
+    right   = { 'right'  => 6 }
+
+    # Define the formats
+    #
+    format01 = workbook.add_format(top.merge(left))
+    format02 = workbook.add_format(top.merge(black))
+    format03 = workbook.add_format(top)
+    format04 = workbook.add_format(top.merge(right).merge(black))
+
+    format05 = workbook.add_format(left)
+    format06 = workbook.add_format(black)
+    format07 = workbook.add_format
+    format08 = workbook.add_format(right.merge(black))
+    format09 = workbook.add_format(right)
+    format10 = workbook.add_format(left.merge(black))
+
+    format11 = workbook.add_format(bottom.merge(left).merge(black))
+    format12 = workbook.add_format(bottom)
+    format13 = workbook.add_format(bottom.merge(black))
+    format14 = workbook.add_format(bottom.merge(right))
+
+
+    # Draw the pattern
+    worksheet.write('B2', '', format01)
+    worksheet.write('C2', '', format02)
+    worksheet.write('D2', '', format03)
+    worksheet.write('E2', '', format02)
+    worksheet.write('F2', '', format03)
+    worksheet.write('G2', '', format02)
+    worksheet.write('H2', '', format03)
+    worksheet.write('I2', '', format04)
+
+    worksheet.write('B3', '', format10)
+    worksheet.write('C3', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('D3', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('E3', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('F3', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('G3', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('H3', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('I3', '', format09)
+
+    worksheet.write('B4', '', format05)
+    worksheet.write('C4', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('D4', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('E4', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('F4', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('G4', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('H4', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('I4', '', format08)
+
+    worksheet.write('B5', '', format10)
+    worksheet.write('C5', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('D5', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('E5', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('F5', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('G5', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('H5', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('I5', '', format09)
+
+    worksheet.write('B6', '', format05)
+    worksheet.write('C6', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('D6', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('E6', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('F6', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('G6', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('H6', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('I6', '', format08)
+
+    worksheet.write('B7', '', format10)
+    worksheet.write('C7', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('D7', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('E7', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('F7', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('G7', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('H7', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('I7', '', format09)
+
+    worksheet.write('B8', '', format05)
+    worksheet.write('C8', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('D8', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('E8', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('F8', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('G8', '', format06)
+    worksheet.write('H8', '', format07)
+    worksheet.write('I8', '', format08)
+
+    worksheet.write('B9', '', format11)
+    worksheet.write('C9', '', format12)
+    worksheet.write('D9', '', format13)
+    worksheet.write('E9', '', format12)
+    worksheet.write('F9', '', format13)
+    worksheet.write('G9', '', format12)
+    worksheet.write('H9', '', format13)
+    worksheet.write('I9', '', format14)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/chess.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_colors
+    workbook = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+
+    # Some common formats
+    center  = workbook.add_format(:align => 'center')
+    heading = workbook.add_format(:align => 'center', :bold => 1)
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the named colors.
+    #
+
+    order = [
+      0x21,
+      0x0B,
+      0x35,
+      0x11,
+      0x16,
+      0x12,
+      0x0D,
+      0x10,
+      0x17,
+      0x09,
+      0x0C,
+      0x0F,
+      0x0E,
+      0x14,
+      0x08,
+      0x0A
+    ]
+
+    colors = {
+                    0x08 => 'black',
+                    0x0C => 'blue',
+                    0x10 => 'brown',
+                    0x0F => 'cyan',
+                    0x17 => 'gray',
+                    0x11 => 'green',
+                    0x0B => 'lime',
+                    0x0E => 'magenta',
+                    0x12 => 'navy',
+                    0x35 => 'orange',
+                    0x21 => 'pink',
+                    0x14 => 'purple',
+                    0x0A => 'red',
+                    0x16 => 'silver',
+                    0x09 => 'white',
+                    0x0D => 'yellow',
+            }
+
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet('Named colors')
+
+    worksheet1.set_column(0, 3, 15)
+
+    worksheet1.write(0, 0, "Index", heading)
+    worksheet1.write(0, 1, "Index", heading)
+    worksheet1.write(0, 2, "Name",  heading)
+    worksheet1.write(0, 3, "Color", heading)
+
+    i = 1
+
+    # original was colors.each....
+    # order unmatch between perl and ruby (of cource, it's hash!)
+    # so i use order array to match perl's xls order.
+    #
+    order.each do |index|
+      format = workbook.add_format(
+          :fg_color => colors[index],
+          :pattern  => 1,
+          :border   => 1
+      )
+
+      worksheet1.write(i + 1, 0, index,                    center)
+      worksheet1.write(i + 1, 1, sprintf("0x%02X", index), center)
+      worksheet1.write(i + 1, 2, colors[index],            center)
+      worksheet1.write(i + 1, 3, '',                       format)
+      i += 1
+    end
+
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard Excel colors in the range 8..63.
+    #
+
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Standard colors')
+
+    worksheet2.set_column(0, 3, 15)
+
+    worksheet2.write(0, 0, "Index", heading)
+    worksheet2.write(0, 1, "Index", heading)
+    worksheet2.write(0, 2, "Color", heading)
+    worksheet2.write(0, 3, "Name",  heading)
+
+    (8..63).each do |i|
+      format = workbook.add_format(
+          :fg_color => i,
+          :pattern  => 1,
+          :border   => 1
+      )
+
+      worksheet2.write((i - 7), 0, i,                    center)
+      worksheet2.write((i - 7), 1, sprintf("0x%02X", i), center)
+      worksheet2.write((i - 7), 2, '',                   format)
+
+      # Add the  color names
+      if colors.has_key?(i)
+        worksheet2.write((i - 7), 3, colors[i], center)
+      end
+    end
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/colors.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_comments0
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Hello a1')
+    worksheet.write(0, 1, 'Hello b1')
+    worksheet.write(1, 0, 'Hello a2')
+    worksheet.write(1, 1, 'Hello b2')
+
+    worksheet.write_comment('A1', 'This is a comment a1', :author=>'arr')
+    worksheet.write_comment('A2', 'This is a comment a2', :author=>'arr')
+    worksheet.write_comment('B1', 'This is a comment b1', :author=>'arr')
+    worksheet.write_comment('B2', 'This is a comment b2', :author=>'arr')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/comments0.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_comments1
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')
+    worksheet.write_comment('A1', 'This is a comment')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/comments1.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_comments2
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    text_wrap  = workbook.add_format(:text_wrap => 1, :valign => 'top')
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet5 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet6 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet7 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet8 = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    # Variables that we will use in each example.
+    cell_text = ''
+    comment   = ''
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. Demonstrates a simple cell comment without formatting and Unicode
+    #            comments encoded as UTF-16 and as UTF-8.
+    #
+
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    worksheet1.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet1.set_row(2, 50)
+    worksheet1.set_row(5, 50)
+
+    # Simple ascii string.
+    cell_text = 'Hold the mouse over this cell to see the comment.'
+
+    comment   = 'This is a comment.'
+
+    worksheet1.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet1.write_comment('C3', comment)
+
+    # UTF-16 string.
+    cell_text = 'This is a UTF-16 comment.'
+
+    comment   = [0x263a].pack("n")
+
+    worksheet1.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet1.write_comment('C6', comment, :encoding => 1)
+
+    # UTF-8 string.
+    worksheet1.set_row(8, 50)
+    cell_text = 'This is a UTF-8 string.'
+    comment   = '☺'  # chr 0x263a in perl.
+
+    worksheet1.write('C9', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet1.write_comment('C9', comment)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. Demonstrates visible and hidden comments.
+    #
+
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    worksheet2.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet2.set_row(2, 50)
+    worksheet2.set_row(5, 50)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is visible.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet2.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet2.write_comment('C3', comment, :visible => 1)
+
+
+    cell_text = "This cell comment isn't visible (the default)."
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet2.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet2.write_comment('C6', comment)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Demonstrates visible and hidden comments set at the worksheet
+    #            level.
+    #
+
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    worksheet3.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet3.set_row(2, 50)
+    worksheet3.set_row(5, 50)
+    worksheet3.set_row(8, 50)
+
+    # Make all comments on the worksheet visible.
+    worksheet3.show_comments
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is visible, explicitly.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet3.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet3.write_comment('C3', comment, :visible => 1)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is also visible because ' +
+                'we used show_comments().'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet3.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet3.write_comment('C6', comment)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'However, we can still override it locally.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet3.write('C9', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet3.write_comment('C9', comment, :visible => 0)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Demonstrates changes to the comment box dimensions.
+    #
+
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    worksheet4.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet4.set_row(2,  50)
+    worksheet4.set_row(5,  50)
+    worksheet4.set_row(8,  50)
+    worksheet4.set_row(15, 50)
+
+    worksheet4.show_comments
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is default size.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet4.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet4.write_comment('C3', comment)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is twice as wide.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet4.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet4.write_comment('C6', comment, :x_scale => 2)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is twice as high.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet4.write('C9', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet4.write_comment('C9', comment, :y_scale => 2)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is scaled in both directions.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet4.write('C16', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet4.write_comment('C16', comment, :x_scale => 1.2, :y_scale => 0.8)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has width and height specified in pixels.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet4.write('C19', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet4.write_comment('C19', comment, :width => 200, :height => 20)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Demonstrates changes to the cell comment position.
+    #
+
+    worksheet5.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet5.set_row(2, 50)
+    worksheet5.set_row(5, 50)
+    worksheet5.set_row(8, 50)
+    worksheet5.set_row(11, 50)
+
+    worksheet5.show_comments
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment is in the default position.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet5.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet5.write_comment('C3', comment)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has been moved to another cell.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet5.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet5.write_comment('C6', comment, :start_cell => 'E4')
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has been moved to another cell.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet5.write('C9', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet5.write_comment('C9', comment, :start_row => 8, :start_col => 4)
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has been shifted within its default cell.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet5.write('C12', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet5.write_comment('C12', comment, :x_offset => 30, :y_offset => 12)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 6. Demonstrates changes to the comment background colour.
+    #
+
+    worksheet6.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet6.set_row(2, 50)
+    worksheet6.set_row(5, 50)
+    worksheet6.set_row(8, 50)
+
+    worksheet6.show_comments
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has a different colour.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet6.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet6.write_comment('C3', comment, :color => 'green')
+
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has the default colour.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet6.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet6.write_comment('C6', comment)
+
+    cell_text = 'This cell comment has a different colour.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet6.write('C9', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet6.write_comment('C9', comment, :color => 0x35)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 7. Demonstrates how to set the cell comment author.
+    #
+
+    worksheet7.set_column('C:C', 30)
+    worksheet7.set_row(2,  50)
+    worksheet7.set_row(5,  50)
+    worksheet7.set_row(8,  50)
+    worksheet7.set_row(11, 50)
+
+    author = ''
+    cell   = 'C3'
+
+    cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented "+
+                "by #{author}' (blank) in the status bar at the bottom"
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet7.write(cell, cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet7.write_comment(cell, comment)
+
+    author    = 'Perl'
+    cell      = 'C6'
+    cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented " +
+                "by #{author}' in the status bar at the bottom"
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet7.write(cell, cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet7.write_comment(cell, comment, :author => author)
+
+    author    = [0x20AC].pack("n")  # UTF-16 Euro
+    cell      = 'C9'
+    cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented " +
+                "by Euro' in the status bar at the bottom"
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet7.write(cell, cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet7.write_comment(cell, comment, :author  => author,
+                                            :author_encoding => 1)
+
+    # UTF-8 string.
+    author    = '☺'    # smiley
+    cell      = 'C12'
+    cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented " +
+                "by #{author}' in the status bar at the bottom"
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet7.write(cell, cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet7.write_comment(cell, comment, :author => author)
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 8. Demonstrates the need to explicitly set the row height.
+    #
+
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    worksheet8.set_column('C:C', 25)
+    worksheet8.set_row(2, 80)
+
+    worksheet8.show_comments
+
+    cell_text = 'The height of this row has been adjusted explicitly using '  +
+                'set_row(). The size of the comment box is adjusted '         +
+                'accordingly by WriteExcel.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet8.write('C3', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet8.write_comment('C3', comment)
+
+    cell_text = 'The height of this row has been adjusted by Excel due to the '  +
+                'text wrap property being set. Unfortunately this means that '   +
+                'the height of the row is unknown to WriteExcel at run time '    +
+                "and thus the comment box is stretched as well.\n\n"             +
+                'Use set_row() to specify the row height explicitly to avoid '     +
+                'this problem.'
+
+    comment   = 'Hello.'
+
+    worksheet8.write('C6', cell_text, text_wrap)
+    worksheet8.write_comment('C6', comment)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/comments2.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_formula_result
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
+    format    = workbook.add_format(:color => 'blue')
+
+    worksheet.write('A1', '=1+2')
+    worksheet.write('A2', '=1+2',                     format, 4)
+    worksheet.write('A3', '="ABC"',                   nil,    'DEF')
+    worksheet.write('A4', '=IF(A1 > 1, TRUE, FALSE)', nil,    'TRUE')
+    worksheet.write('A5', '=1/0',                     nil,    '#DIV/0!')
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/formula_result.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_indent
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
+    indent1   = workbook.add_format(:indent => 1)
+    indent2   = workbook.add_format(:indent => 2)
+
+    worksheet.set_column('A:A', 40)
+
+    worksheet.write('A1', "This text is indented 1 level",  indent1)
+    worksheet.write('A2', "This text is indented 2 levels", indent2)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/indent.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_outline
+    # Create a new workbook and add some worksheets
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet('Outlined Rows')
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows')
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('Outline Columns')
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet('Outline levels')
+
+    # Add a general format
+    bold = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Create a worksheet with outlined rows. It also includes SUBTOTAL()
+    # functions so that it looks like the type of automatic outlines that are
+    # generated when you use the Excel Data->SubTotals menu item.
+    #
+
+
+    # For outlines the important parameters are $hidden and $level. Rows with the
+    # same $level are grouped together. The group will be collapsed if $hidden is
+    # non-zero. $height and $XF are assigned default values if they are undef.
+    #
+    # The syntax is: set_row($row, $height, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    #
+    worksheet1.set_row(1,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(2,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(3,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(4,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(5,  nil, nil, 0, 1)
+
+    worksheet1.set_row(6,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(7,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(8,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(9,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(10, nil, nil, 0, 1)
+
+
+    # Add a column format for clarity
+    worksheet1.set_column('A:A', 20)
+
+    # Add the data, labels and formulas
+    worksheet1.write('A1',  'Region', bold)
+    worksheet1.write('A2',  'North')
+    worksheet1.write('A3',  'North')
+    worksheet1.write('A4',  'North')
+    worksheet1.write('A5',  'North')
+    worksheet1.write('A6',  'North Total', bold)
+
+    worksheet1.write('B1',  'Sales',  bold)
+    worksheet1.write('B2',  1000)
+    worksheet1.write('B3',  1200)
+    worksheet1.write('B4',  900)
+    worksheet1.write('B5',  1200)
+    worksheet1.write('B6',  '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B5)', bold)
+
+    worksheet1.write('A7',  'South')
+    worksheet1.write('A8',  'South')
+    worksheet1.write('A9',  'South')
+    worksheet1.write('A10', 'South')
+    worksheet1.write('A11', 'South Total', bold)
+
+    worksheet1.write('B7',  400)
+    worksheet1.write('B8',  600)
+    worksheet1.write('B9',  500)
+    worksheet1.write('B10', 600)
+    worksheet1.write('B11', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B7:B10)', bold)
+
+    worksheet1.write('A12', 'Grand Total', bold)
+    worksheet1.write('B12', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B10)', bold)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Create a worksheet with outlined rows. This is the same as the
+    # previous example except that the rows are collapsed.
+    # Note: We need to indicate the row that contains the collapsed symbol '+'
+    # with the optional parameter, $collapsed.
+
+    # The group will be collapsed if $hidden is non-zero.
+    # The syntax is: set_row($row, $height, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    #
+    worksheet2.set_row(1,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(2,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(3,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(4,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(5,  nil, nil, 1, 1)
+
+    worksheet2.set_row(6,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(7,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(8,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(9,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(10, nil, nil, 1, 1)
+    worksheet2.set_row(11, nil, nil, 0, 0, 1)
+
+
+    # Add a column format for clarity
+    worksheet2.set_column('A:A', 20)
+
+    # Add the data, labels and formulas
+    worksheet2.write('A1',  'Region', bold)
+    worksheet2.write('A2',  'North')
+    worksheet2.write('A3',  'North')
+    worksheet2.write('A4',  'North')
+    worksheet2.write('A5',  'North')
+    worksheet2.write('A6',  'North Total', bold)
+
+    worksheet2.write('B1',  'Sales',  bold)
+    worksheet2.write('B2',  1000)
+    worksheet2.write('B3',  1200)
+    worksheet2.write('B4',  900)
+    worksheet2.write('B5',  1200)
+    worksheet2.write('B6',  '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B5)', bold)
+
+    worksheet2.write('A7',  'South')
+    worksheet2.write('A8',  'South')
+    worksheet2.write('A9',  'South')
+    worksheet2.write('A10', 'South')
+    worksheet2.write('A11', 'South Total', bold)
+
+    worksheet2.write('B7',  400)
+    worksheet2.write('B8',  600)
+    worksheet2.write('B9',  500)
+    worksheet2.write('B10', 600)
+    worksheet2.write('B11', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B7:B10)', bold)
+
+    worksheet2.write('A12', 'Grand Total', bold)
+    worksheet2.write('B12', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B10)', bold)
+
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3: Create a worksheet with outlined columns.
+    #
+    data = [
+                ['Month', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', ' Total'],
+                ['North', 50,    20,    15,    25,    65,    80,    '=SUM(B2:G2)'],
+                ['South', 10,    20,    30,    50,    50,    50,    '=SUM(B3:G3)'],
+                ['East',  45,    75,    50,    15,    75,    100,   '=SUM(B4:G4)'],
+                ['West',  15,    15,    55,    35,    20,    50,    '=SUM(B5:G6)']
+            ]
+
+    # Add bold format to the first row
+    worksheet3.set_row(0, nil, bold)
+
+    # Syntax: set_column(col1, col2, width, XF, hidden, level, collapsed)
+    worksheet3.set_column('A:A', 10, bold      )
+    worksheet3.set_column('B:G', 5,  nil, 0, 1)
+    worksheet3.set_column('H:H', 10)
+
+    # Write the data and a formula
+    worksheet3.write_col('A1', data)
+    worksheet3.write('H6', '=SUM(H2:H5)', bold)
+
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4: Show all possible outline levels.
+    #
+    levels = [
+      "Level 1", "Level 2", "Level 3", "Level 4",
+      "Level 5", "Level 6", "Level 7", "Level 6",
+      "Level 5", "Level 4", "Level 3", "Level 2", "Level 1"
+    ]
+
+    worksheet4.write_col('A1', levels)
+
+    worksheet4.set_row(0,  nil, nil, nil, 1)
+    worksheet4.set_row(1,  nil, nil, nil, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(2,  nil, nil, nil, 3)
+    worksheet4.set_row(3,  nil, nil, nil, 4)
+    worksheet4.set_row(4,  nil, nil, nil, 5)
+    worksheet4.set_row(5,  nil, nil, nil, 6)
+    worksheet4.set_row(6,  nil, nil, nil, 7)
+    worksheet4.set_row(7,  nil, nil, nil, 6)
+    worksheet4.set_row(8,  nil, nil, nil, 5)
+    worksheet4.set_row(9,  nil, nil, nil, 4)
+    worksheet4.set_row(10, nil, nil, nil, 3)
+    worksheet4.set_row(11, nil, nil, nil, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(12, nil, nil, nil, 1)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/outline.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_outline_collapsed
+    # Create a new workbook and add some worksheets
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet('Outlined Rows')
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows 1')
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows 2')
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows 3')
+    worksheet5 = workbook.add_worksheet('Outline Columns')
+    worksheet6 = workbook.add_worksheet('Collapsed Columns')
+
+    # Add a general format
+    bold = workbook.add_format(:bold => 1)
+
+    #
+    # This function will generate the same data and sub-totals on each worksheet.
+    #
+    def create_sub_totals(worksheet, bold)
+      # Add a column format for clarity
+      worksheet.set_column('A:A', 20)
+
+      # Add the data, labels and formulas
+      worksheet.write('A1',  'Region', bold)
+      worksheet.write('A2',  'North')
+      worksheet.write('A3',  'North')
+      worksheet.write('A4',  'North')
+      worksheet.write('A5',  'North')
+      worksheet.write('A6',  'North Total', bold)
+
+      worksheet.write('B1',  'Sales',  bold)
+      worksheet.write('B2',  1000)
+      worksheet.write('B3',  1200)
+      worksheet.write('B4',  900)
+      worksheet.write('B5',  1200)
+      worksheet.write('B6',  '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B5)', bold)
+
+      worksheet.write('A7',  'South')
+      worksheet.write('A8',  'South')
+      worksheet.write('A9',  'South')
+      worksheet.write('A10', 'South')
+      worksheet.write('A11', 'South Total', bold)
+
+      worksheet.write('B7',  400)
+      worksheet.write('B8',  600)
+      worksheet.write('B9',  500)
+      worksheet.write('B10', 600)
+      worksheet.write('B11', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B7:B10)', bold)
+
+      worksheet.write('A12', 'Grand Total', bold)
+      worksheet.write('B12', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B10)', bold)
+
+    end
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Create a worksheet with outlined rows. It also includes SUBTOTAL()
+    # functions so that it looks like the type of automatic outlines that are
+    # generated when you use the Excel Data.SubTotals menu item.
+    #
+
+    # The syntax is: set_row(row, height, XF, hidden, level, collapsed)
+    worksheet1.set_row(1,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(2,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(3,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(4,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(5,  nil, nil, 0, 1)
+
+    worksheet1.set_row(6,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(7,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(8,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(9,  nil, nil, 0, 2)
+    worksheet1.set_row(10, nil, nil, 0, 1)
+
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals(worksheet1, bold)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Create a worksheet with collapsed outlined rows.
+    # This is the same as the example 1  except that the all rows are collapsed.
+    # Note: We need to indicate the row that contains the collapsed symbol '+' with
+    # the optional parameter, collapsed.
+
+    worksheet2.set_row(1,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(2,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(3,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(4,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(5,  nil, nil, 1, 1)
+
+    worksheet2.set_row(6,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(7,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(8,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(9,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet2.set_row(10, nil, nil, 1, 1)
+
+    worksheet2.set_row(11, nil, nil, 0, 0, 1)
+
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals(worksheet2, bold)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3: Create a worksheet with collapsed outlined rows.
+    # Same as the example 1  except that the two sub-totals are collapsed.
+
+    worksheet3.set_row(1,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(2,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(3,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(4,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(5,  nil, nil, 0, 1, 1)
+
+    worksheet3.set_row(6,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(7,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(8,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(9,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet3.set_row(10, nil, nil, 0, 1, 1)
+
+
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals(worksheet3, bold)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4: Create a worksheet with outlined rows.
+    # Same as the example 1  except that the two sub-totals are collapsed.
+
+    worksheet4.set_row(1,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(2,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(3,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(4,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(5,  nil, nil, 1, 1, 1)
+
+    worksheet4.set_row(6,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(7,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(8,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(9,  nil, nil, 1, 2)
+    worksheet4.set_row(10, nil, nil, 1, 1, 1)
+
+    worksheet4.set_row(11, nil, nil, 0, 0, 1)
+
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals(worksheet4, bold)
+
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5: Create a worksheet with outlined columns.
+    #
+    data = [
+      ['Month', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',' Total'],
+      ['North', 50,    20,    15,    25,    65,    80,   '=SUM(B2:G2)'],
+      ['South', 10,    20,    30,    50,    50,    50,   '=SUM(B3:G3)'],
+      ['East',  45,    75,    50,    15,    75,    100,  '=SUM(B4:G4)'],
+      ['West',  15,    15,    55,    35,    20,    50,   '=SUM(B5:G6)']
+    ]
+
+    # Add bold format to the first row
+    worksheet5.set_row(0, nil, bold)
+
+    # Syntax: set_column(col1, col2, width, XF, hidden, level, collapsed)
+    worksheet5.set_column('A:A', 10, bold      )
+    worksheet5.set_column('B:G', 5,  nil, 0, 1)
+    worksheet5.set_column('H:H', 10             )
+
+    # Write the data and a formula
+    worksheet5.write_col('A1', data)
+    worksheet5.write('H6', '=SUM(H2:H5)', bold)
+
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 6: Create a worksheet with collapsed outlined columns.
+    # This is the same as the previous example except collapsed columns.
+
+    # Add bold format to the first row
+    worksheet6.set_row(0, nil, bold)
+
+    # Syntax: set_column(col1, col2, width, XF, hidden, level, collapsed)
+    worksheet6.set_column('A:A', 10, bold         )
+    worksheet6.set_column('B:G', 5,  nil, 1, 1   )
+    worksheet6.set_column('H:H', 10, nil, 0, 0, 1)
+
+    # Write the data and a formula
+    worksheet6.write_col('A1', data)
+    worksheet6.write('H6', '=SUM(H2:H5)', bold)
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/outline_collapsed.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_panes
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet('Panes 1')
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Panes 2')
+    worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('Panes 3')
+    worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet('Panes 4')
+
+    # Freeze panes
+    worksheet1.freeze_panes(1, 0) # 1 row
+
+    worksheet2.freeze_panes(0, 1) # 1 column
+    worksheet3.freeze_panes(1, 1) # 1 row and column
+
+    # Split panes.
+    # The divisions must be specified in terms of row and column dimensions.
+    # The default row height is 12.75 and the default column width is 8.43
+    #
+    worksheet4.split_panes(12.75, 8.43, 1, 1) # 1 row and column
+
+
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Set up some formatting and text to highlight the panes
+    #
+
+    header = workbook.add_format
+    header.set_color('white')
+    header.set_align('center')
+    header.set_align('vcenter')
+    header.set_pattern
+    header.set_fg_color('green')
+
+    center = workbook.add_format
+    center.set_align('center')
+
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 1
+    #
+
+    worksheet1.set_column('A:I', 16)
+    worksheet1.set_row(0, 20)
+    worksheet1.set_selection('C3')
+
+    (0..8).each { |i| worksheet1.write(0, i, 'Scroll down', header) }
+    (1..100).each do |i|
+     (0..8).each { |j| worksheet1.write(i, j, i + 1, center) }
+    end
+
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 2
+    #
+
+    worksheet2.set_column('A:A', 16)
+    worksheet2.set_selection('C3')
+
+    (0..49).each do |i|
+      worksheet2.set_row(i, 15)
+      worksheet2.write(i, 0, 'Scroll right', header)
+    end
+
+    (0..49).each do |i|
+      (1..25).each { |j| worksheet2.write(i, j, j, center) }
+    end
+
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 3
+    #
+
+    worksheet3.set_column('A:Z', 16)
+    worksheet3.set_selection('C3')
+
+    (1..25).each { |i| worksheet3.write(0, i, 'Scroll down',  header) }
+
+    (1..49).each { |i| worksheet3.write(i, 0, 'Scroll right', header) }
+
+    (1..49).each do |i|
+      (1..25).each { |j| worksheet3.write(i, j, j, center) }
+    end
+
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 4
+    #
+
+    worksheet4.set_selection('C3')
+
+    (1..25).each { |i| worksheet4.write(0, i, 'Scroll', center) }
+
+    (1..49).each { |i| worksheet4.write(i, 0, 'Scroll', center) }
+
+    (1..49).each do |i|
+      (1..25).each { |j| worksheet4.write(i, j, j, center) }
+    end
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/panes.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_right_to_left
+    workbook   = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    worksheet2.right_to_left
+
+    worksheet1.write(0, 0, 'Hello')  #  A1, B1, C1, ...
+    worksheet2.write(0, 0, 'Hello')  # ..., C1, B1, A1
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/right_to_left.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_utf8
+    workbook = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('シート１')
+    format = workbook.add_format(:font => 'ＭＳ 明朝')
+    worksheet.set_footer('フッター')
+    worksheet.set_header('ヘッダー')
+    worksheet.write('A1', 'ＵＴＦ８文字列', format)
+    worksheet.write('A2', '=CONCATENATE(A1,"の連結")', format)
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/utf8.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_hide_zero
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet.write(0, 0, 'C2, E2 value is zero, not displayed')
+    worksheet.write(1, 0, 1)
+    worksheet.write(1, 1, 2)
+    worksheet.write(1, 2, 0)
+    worksheet.write(1, 3, 4)
+    worksheet.write(1, 4, 0)
+
+    worksheet.hide_zero
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/hide_zero.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_set_first_sheet
+    workbook = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    20.times { workbook.add_worksheet }
+    worksheet21 = workbook.add_worksheet
+    worksheet22 = workbook.add_worksheet
+
+    worksheet21.set_first_sheet
+    worksheet22.activate
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/set_first_sheet.xls", @file)
+  end
+
+  def test_store_formula
+    workbook  = WriteExcel.new(@file)
+    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
+
+    formula = worksheet.store_formula('=A1 * 3 + 50')
+    (0 .. 999).each do |row|
+      worksheet.repeat_formula(row, 1, formula, nil, 'A1', "A#{row + 1}")
+    end
+
+    workbook.close
+
+    # do assertion
+    compare_file("#{PERL_OUTDIR}/store_formula.xls", @file)
+  end
+end