rbs-relaxed 3.9.0.1

data/core/encoding.rbs

@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+# <!-- rdoc-file=encoding.c -->
+# An Encoding instance represents a character encoding usable in Ruby. It is
+# defined as a constant under the Encoding namespace. It has a name and,
+# optionally, aliases:
+#
+#     Encoding::US_ASCII.name  # => "US-ASCII"
+#     Encoding::US_ASCII.names # => ["US-ASCII", "ASCII", "ANSI_X3.4-1968", "646"]
+#
+# A Ruby method that accepts an encoding as an argument will accept:
+#
+# *   An Encoding object.
+# *   The name of an encoding.
+# *   An alias for an encoding name.
+#
+# These are equivalent:
+#
+#     'foo'.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII) # Encoding object.
+#     'foo'.encode('US-ASCII')         # Encoding name.
+#     'foo'.encode('ASCII')            # Encoding alias.
+#
+# For a full discussion of encodings and their uses, see [the Encodings
+# document](rdoc-ref:encodings.rdoc).
+#
+# Encoding::ASCII_8BIT is a special-purpose encoding that is usually used for a
+# string of bytes, not a string of characters. But as the name indicates, its
+# characters in the ASCII range are considered as ASCII characters. This is
+# useful when you use other ASCII-compatible encodings.
+#
+class Encoding
+  def self._load: [T] (T) -> T
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.locale_charmap -> string
+  # -->
+  # Returns the locale charmap name. It returns nil if no appropriate information.
+  #
+  #     Debian GNU/Linux
+  #       LANG=C
+  #         Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "ANSI_X3.4-1968"
+  #       LANG=ja_JP.EUC-JP
+  #         Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "EUC-JP"
+  #
+  #     SunOS 5
+  #       LANG=C
+  #         Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "646"
+  #       LANG=ja
+  #         Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "eucJP"
+  #
+  # The result is highly platform dependent. So
+  # Encoding.find(Encoding.locale_charmap) may cause an error. If you need some
+  # encoding object even for unknown locale, Encoding.find("locale") can be used.
+  #
+  def self.locale_charmap: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.aliases -> {"alias1" => "orig1", "alias2" => "orig2", ...}
+  # -->
+  # Returns the hash of available encoding alias and original encoding name.
+  #
+  #     Encoding.aliases
+  #     #=> {"BINARY"=>"ASCII-8BIT", "ASCII"=>"US-ASCII", "ANSI_X3.4-1968"=>"US-ASCII",
+  #           "SJIS"=>"Windows-31J", "eucJP"=>"EUC-JP", "CP932"=>"Windows-31J"}
+  #
+  def self.aliases: () -> Hash[String, String]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.compatible?(obj1, obj2) -> enc or nil
+  # -->
+  # Checks the compatibility of two objects.
+  #
+  # If the objects are both strings they are compatible when they are
+  # concatenatable.  The encoding of the concatenated string will be returned if
+  # they are compatible, nil if they are not.
+  #
+  #     Encoding.compatible?("\xa1".force_encoding("iso-8859-1"), "b")
+  #     #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
+  #
+  #     Encoding.compatible?(
+  #       "\xa1".force_encoding("iso-8859-1"),
+  #       "\xa1\xa1".force_encoding("euc-jp"))
+  #     #=> nil
+  #
+  # If the objects are non-strings their encodings are compatible when they have
+  # an encoding and:
+  # *   Either encoding is US-ASCII compatible
+  # *   One of the encodings is a 7-bit encoding
+  #
+  def self.compatible?: (untyped obj1, untyped obj2) -> Encoding?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.default_external -> enc
+  # -->
+  # Returns default external encoding.
+  #
+  # The default external encoding is used by default for strings created from the
+  # following locations:
+  #
+  # *   CSV
+  # *   File data read from disk
+  # *   SDBM
+  # *   StringIO
+  # *   Zlib::GzipReader
+  # *   Zlib::GzipWriter
+  # *   String#inspect
+  # *   Regexp#inspect
+  #
+  # While strings created from these locations will have this encoding, the
+  # encoding may not be valid.  Be sure to check String#valid_encoding?.
+  #
+  # File data written to disk will be transcoded to the default external encoding
+  # when written, if default_internal is not nil.
+  #
+  # The default external encoding is initialized by the -E option. If -E isn't
+  # set, it is initialized to UTF-8 on Windows and the locale on other operating
+  # systems.
+  #
+  def self.default_external: () -> Encoding
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.default_external = enc
+  # -->
+  # Sets default external encoding.  You should not set Encoding::default_external
+  # in ruby code as strings created before changing the value may have a different
+  # encoding from strings created after the value was changed., instead you should
+  # use `ruby -E` to invoke ruby with the correct default_external.
+  #
+  # See Encoding::default_external for information on how the default external
+  # encoding is used.
+  #
+  def self.default_external=: (Encoding enc) -> Encoding
+                            | [T < _ToStr] (T enc) -> T
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.default_internal -> enc
+  # -->
+  # Returns default internal encoding.  Strings will be transcoded to the default
+  # internal encoding in the following places if the default internal encoding is
+  # not nil:
+  #
+  # *   CSV
+  # *   Etc.sysconfdir and Etc.systmpdir
+  # *   File data read from disk
+  # *   File names from Dir
+  # *   Integer#chr
+  # *   String#inspect and Regexp#inspect
+  # *   Strings returned from Readline
+  # *   Strings returned from SDBM
+  # *   Time#zone
+  # *   Values from ENV
+  # *   Values in ARGV including $PROGRAM_NAME
+  #
+  # Additionally String#encode and String#encode! use the default internal
+  # encoding if no encoding is given.
+  #
+  # The script encoding (__ENCODING__), not default_internal, is used as the
+  # encoding of created strings.
+  #
+  # Encoding::default_internal is initialized with -E option or nil otherwise.
+  #
+  def self.default_internal: () -> Encoding?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.default_internal = enc or nil
+  # -->
+  # Sets default internal encoding or removes default internal encoding when
+  # passed nil.  You should not set Encoding::default_internal in ruby code as
+  # strings created before changing the value may have a different encoding from
+  # strings created after the change.  Instead you should use `ruby -E` to invoke
+  # ruby with the correct default_internal.
+  #
+  # See Encoding::default_internal for information on how the default internal
+  # encoding is used.
+  #
+  def self.default_internal=: (Encoding enc) -> Encoding
+                            | [T < _ToStr] (T enc) -> T
+                            | (nil) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.find(string) -> enc
+  # -->
+  # Search the encoding with specified *name*. *name* should be a string.
+  #
+  #     Encoding.find("US-ASCII")  #=> #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  #
+  # Names which this method accept are encoding names and aliases including
+  # following special aliases
+  #
+  # "external"
+  # :   default external encoding
+  #
+  # "internal"
+  # :   default internal encoding
+  #
+  # "locale"
+  # :   locale encoding
+  #
+  # "filesystem"
+  # :   filesystem encoding
+  #
+  #
+  # An ArgumentError is raised when no encoding with *name*. Only
+  # `Encoding.find("internal")` however returns nil when no encoding named
+  # "internal", in other words, when Ruby has no default internal encoding.
+  #
+  def self.find: (encoding enc) -> Encoding?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.list -> [enc1, enc2, ...]
+  # -->
+  # Returns the list of loaded encodings.
+  #
+  #     Encoding.list
+  #     #=> [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>,
+  #           #<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>]
+  #
+  #     Encoding.find("US-ASCII")
+  #     #=> #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
+  #
+  #     Encoding.list
+  #     #=> [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>,
+  #           #<Encoding:US-ASCII>, #<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>]
+  #
+  def self.list: () -> Array[Encoding]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - Encoding.name_list -> ["enc1", "enc2", ...]
+  # -->
+  # Returns the list of available encoding names.
+  #
+  #     Encoding.name_list
+  #     #=> ["US-ASCII", "ASCII-8BIT", "UTF-8",
+  #           "ISO-8859-1", "Shift_JIS", "EUC-JP",
+  #           "Windows-31J",
+  #           "BINARY", "CP932", "eucJP"]
+  #
+  def self.name_list: () -> Array[String]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - enc.ascii_compatible? -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns whether ASCII-compatible or not.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::UTF_8.ascii_compatible?     #=> true
+  #     Encoding::UTF_16BE.ascii_compatible?  #=> false
+  #
+  def ascii_compatible?: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - enc.dummy? -> true or false
+  # -->
+  # Returns true for dummy encodings. A dummy encoding is an encoding for which
+  # character handling is not properly implemented. It is used for stateful
+  # encodings.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::ISO_2022_JP.dummy?       #=> true
+  #     Encoding::UTF_8.dummy?             #=> false
+  #
+  def dummy?: () -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - enc.inspect -> string
+  # -->
+  # Returns a string which represents the encoding for programmers.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::UTF_8.inspect       #=> "#<Encoding:UTF-8>"
+  #     Encoding::ISO_2022_JP.inspect #=> "#<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>"
+  #
+  def inspect: () -> String
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=encoding.c -->
+  # Returns the name of the encoding.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::UTF_8.name      #=> "UTF-8"
+  #
+  def name: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - enc.names -> array
+  # -->
+  # Returns the list of name and aliases of the encoding.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::WINDOWS_31J.names  #=> ["Windows-31J", "CP932", "csWindows31J", "SJIS", "PCK"]
+  #
+  def names: () -> Array[String]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=encoding.c
+  #   - enc.name -> string
+  #   - enc.to_s -> string
+  # -->
+  # Returns the name of the encoding.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::UTF_8.name      #=> "UTF-8"
+  #
+  alias to_s name
+
+  ANSI_X3_4_1968: Encoding
+  ASCII: Encoding
+  ASCII_8BIT: Encoding
+  BIG5: Encoding
+  BIG5_HKSCS: Encoding
+  BIG5_HKSCS_2008: Encoding
+  BIG5_UAO: Encoding
+  BINARY: Encoding
+  Big5: Encoding
+  Big5_HKSCS: Encoding
+  Big5_HKSCS_2008: Encoding
+  Big5_UAO: Encoding
+  CESU_8: Encoding
+  CP1250: Encoding
+  CP1251: Encoding
+  CP1252: Encoding
+  CP1253: Encoding
+  CP1254: Encoding
+  CP1255: Encoding
+  CP1256: Encoding
+  CP1257: Encoding
+  CP1258: Encoding
+  CP437: Encoding
+  CP50220: Encoding
+  CP50221: Encoding
+  CP51932: Encoding
+  CP65000: Encoding
+  CP65001: Encoding
+  CP737: Encoding
+  CP775: Encoding
+  CP850: Encoding
+  CP852: Encoding
+  CP855: Encoding
+  CP857: Encoding
+  CP860: Encoding
+  CP861: Encoding
+  CP862: Encoding
+  CP863: Encoding
+  CP864: Encoding
+  CP865: Encoding
+  CP866: Encoding
+  CP869: Encoding
+  CP874: Encoding
+  CP878: Encoding
+  CP932: Encoding
+  CP936: Encoding
+  CP949: Encoding
+  CP950: Encoding
+  CP951: Encoding
+  CSWINDOWS31J: Encoding
+  CsWindows31J: Encoding
+  EBCDIC_CP_US: Encoding
+  EMACS_MULE: Encoding
+  EUCCN: Encoding
+  EUCJP: Encoding
+  EUCJP_MS: Encoding
+  EUCKR: Encoding
+  EUCTW: Encoding
+  EUC_CN: Encoding
+  EUC_JISX0213: Encoding
+  EUC_JIS_2004: Encoding
+  EUC_JP: Encoding
+  EUC_JP_MS: Encoding
+  EUC_KR: Encoding
+  EUC_TW: Encoding
+  Emacs_Mule: Encoding
+  EucCN: Encoding
+  EucJP: Encoding
+  EucJP_ms: Encoding
+  EucKR: Encoding
+  EucTW: Encoding
+  GB12345: Encoding
+  GB18030: Encoding
+  GB1988: Encoding
+  GB2312: Encoding
+  GBK: Encoding
+  IBM037: Encoding
+  IBM437: Encoding
+  IBM737: Encoding
+  IBM720: Encoding
+  CP720: Encoding
+  IBM775: Encoding
+  IBM850: Encoding
+  IBM852: Encoding
+  IBM855: Encoding
+  IBM857: Encoding
+  IBM860: Encoding
+  IBM861: Encoding
+  IBM862: Encoding
+  IBM863: Encoding
+  IBM864: Encoding
+  IBM865: Encoding
+  IBM866: Encoding
+  IBM869: Encoding
+  ISO2022_JP: Encoding
+  ISO2022_JP2: Encoding
+  ISO8859_1: Encoding
+  ISO8859_10: Encoding
+  ISO8859_11: Encoding
+  ISO8859_13: Encoding
+  ISO8859_14: Encoding
+  ISO8859_15: Encoding
+  ISO8859_16: Encoding
+  ISO8859_2: Encoding
+  ISO8859_3: Encoding
+  ISO8859_4: Encoding
+  ISO8859_5: Encoding
+  ISO8859_6: Encoding
+  ISO8859_7: Encoding
+  ISO8859_8: Encoding
+  ISO8859_9: Encoding
+  ISO_2022_JP: Encoding
+  ISO_2022_JP_2: Encoding
+  ISO_2022_JP_KDDI: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_1: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_10: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_11: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_13: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_14: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_15: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_16: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_2: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_3: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_4: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_5: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_6: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_7: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_8: Encoding
+  ISO_8859_9: Encoding
+  KOI8_R: Encoding
+  KOI8_U: Encoding
+  MACCENTEURO: Encoding
+  MACCROATIAN: Encoding
+  MACCYRILLIC: Encoding
+  MACGREEK: Encoding
+  MACICELAND: Encoding
+  MACJAPAN: Encoding
+  MACJAPANESE: Encoding
+  MACROMAN: Encoding
+  MACROMANIA: Encoding
+  MACTHAI: Encoding
+  MACTURKISH: Encoding
+  MACUKRAINE: Encoding
+  MacCentEuro: Encoding
+  MacCroatian: Encoding
+  MacCyrillic: Encoding
+  MacGreek: Encoding
+  MacIceland: Encoding
+  MacJapan: Encoding
+  MacJapanese: Encoding
+  MacRoman: Encoding
+  MacRomania: Encoding
+  MacThai: Encoding
+  MacTurkish: Encoding
+  MacUkraine: Encoding
+  PCK: Encoding
+  SHIFT_JIS: Encoding
+  SJIS: Encoding
+  SJIS_DOCOMO: Encoding
+  SJIS_DoCoMo: Encoding
+  SJIS_KDDI: Encoding
+  SJIS_SOFTBANK: Encoding
+  SJIS_SoftBank: Encoding
+  STATELESS_ISO_2022_JP: Encoding
+  STATELESS_ISO_2022_JP_KDDI: Encoding
+  Shift_JIS: Encoding
+  Stateless_ISO_2022_JP: Encoding
+  Stateless_ISO_2022_JP_KDDI: Encoding
+  TIS_620: Encoding
+  UCS_2BE: Encoding
+  UCS_4BE: Encoding
+  UCS_4LE: Encoding
+  US_ASCII: Encoding
+  UTF8_DOCOMO: Encoding
+  UTF8_DoCoMo: Encoding
+  UTF8_KDDI: Encoding
+  UTF8_MAC: Encoding
+  UTF8_SOFTBANK: Encoding
+  UTF8_SoftBank: Encoding
+  UTF_16: Encoding
+  UTF_16BE: Encoding
+  UTF_16LE: Encoding
+  UTF_32: Encoding
+  UTF_32BE: Encoding
+  UTF_32LE: Encoding
+  UTF_7: Encoding
+  UTF_8: Encoding
+  UTF_8_HFS: Encoding
+  UTF_8_MAC: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1250: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1251: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1252: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1253: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1254: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1255: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1256: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1257: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_1258: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_31J: Encoding
+  WINDOWS_874: Encoding
+  Windows_1250: Encoding
+  Windows_1251: Encoding
+  Windows_1252: Encoding
+  Windows_1253: Encoding
+  Windows_1254: Encoding
+  Windows_1255: Encoding
+  Windows_1256: Encoding
+  Windows_1257: Encoding
+  Windows_1258: Encoding
+  Windows_31J: Encoding
+  Windows_874: Encoding
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=error.c -->
+  # Raised by Encoding and String methods when the source encoding is incompatible
+  # with the target encoding.
+  #
+  class CompatibilityError < EncodingError
+  end
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+  # Raised by transcoding methods when a named encoding does not correspond with a
+  # known converter.
+  #
+  class ConverterNotFoundError < EncodingError
+  end
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+  # Raised by Encoding and String methods when the string being transcoded
+  # contains a byte invalid for the either the source or target encoding.
+  #
+  class InvalidByteSequenceError < EncodingError
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.destination_encoding         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the destination encoding as an encoding object.
+    #
+    def destination_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.destination_encoding_name         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the destination encoding name as a string.
+    #
+    def destination_encoding_name: () -> String
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.error_bytes         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the discarded bytes when Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError occurs.
+    #
+    #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1")
+    #     begin
+    #       ec.convert("abc\xA1\xFFdef")
+    #     rescue Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
+    #       p $!      #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xA1" followed by "\xFF" on EUC-JP>
+    #       puts $!.error_bytes.dump          #=> "\xA1"
+    #       puts $!.readagain_bytes.dump      #=> "\xFF"
+    #     end
+    #
+    def error_bytes: () -> String
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.incomplete_input?         -> true or false
+    # -->
+    # Returns true if the invalid byte sequence error is caused by premature end of
+    # string.
+    #
+    #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1")
+    #
+    #     begin
+    #       ec.convert("abc\xA1z")
+    #     rescue Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
+    #       p $!      #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xA1" followed by "z" on EUC-JP>
+    #       p $!.incomplete_input?    #=> false
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     begin
+    #       ec.convert("abc\xA1")
+    #       ec.finish
+    #     rescue Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
+    #       p $!      #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: incomplete "\xA1" on EUC-JP>
+    #       p $!.incomplete_input?    #=> true
+    #     end
+    #
+    def incomplete_input?: () -> bool
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.readagain_bytes         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the bytes to be read again when Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
+    # occurs.
+    #
+    def readagain_bytes: () -> String
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.source_encoding              -> encoding
+    # -->
+    # Returns the source encoding as an encoding object.
+    #
+    # Note that the result may not be equal to the source encoding of the encoding
+    # converter if the conversion has multiple steps.
+    #
+    #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP") # ISO-8859-1 -> UTF-8 -> EUC-JP
+    #     begin
+    #       ec.convert("\xa0") # NO-BREAK SPACE, which is available in UTF-8 but not in EUC-JP.
+    #     rescue Encoding::UndefinedConversionError
+    #       p $!.source_encoding              #=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+    #       p $!.destination_encoding         #=> #<Encoding:EUC-JP>
+    #       p $!.source_encoding_name         #=> "UTF-8"
+    #       p $!.destination_encoding_name    #=> "EUC-JP"
+    #     end
+    #
+    def source_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.source_encoding_name         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the source encoding name as a string.
+    #
+    def source_encoding_name: () -> String
+  end
+
+  # <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+  # Raised by Encoding and String methods when a transcoding operation fails.
+  #
+  class UndefinedConversionError < EncodingError
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.destination_encoding         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the destination encoding as an encoding object.
+    #
+    def destination_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.destination_encoding_name         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the destination encoding name as a string.
+    #
+    def destination_encoding_name: () -> String
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.error_char         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the one-character string which cause
+    # Encoding::UndefinedConversionError.
+    #
+    #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP")
+    #     begin
+    #       ec.convert("\xa0")
+    #     rescue Encoding::UndefinedConversionError
+    #       puts $!.error_char.dump   #=> "\xC2\xA0"
+    #       p $!.error_char.encoding  #=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+    #     end
+    #
+    def error_char: () -> String
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.source_encoding              -> encoding
+    # -->
+    # Returns the source encoding as an encoding object.
+    #
+    # Note that the result may not be equal to the source encoding of the encoding
+    # converter if the conversion has multiple steps.
+    #
+    #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP") # ISO-8859-1 -> UTF-8 -> EUC-JP
+    #     begin
+    #       ec.convert("\xa0") # NO-BREAK SPACE, which is available in UTF-8 but not in EUC-JP.
+    #     rescue Encoding::UndefinedConversionError
+    #       p $!.source_encoding              #=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+    #       p $!.destination_encoding         #=> #<Encoding:EUC-JP>
+    #       p $!.source_encoding_name         #=> "UTF-8"
+    #       p $!.destination_encoding_name    #=> "EUC-JP"
+    #     end
+    #
+    def source_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+    # <!--
+    #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+    #   - ecerr.source_encoding_name         -> string
+    # -->
+    # Returns the source encoding name as a string.
+    #
+    def source_encoding_name: () -> String
+  end
+end
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Encoding conversion class.
+#
+class Encoding::Converter < Object
+  type encoding = String | Encoding
+  type decorator = "universal_newline"
+                  | "crlf_newline"
+                  | "cr_newline"
+                  | "xml_text_escape"
+                  | "xml_attr_content_escape"
+                  | "xml_attr_quote"
+  type conversion_path = Array[[encoding, encoding] | decorator]
+  type convert_result = :invalid_byte_sequence
+                      | :incomplete_input
+                      | :undefined_conversion
+                      | :after_output
+                      | :destination_buffer_full
+                      | :source_buffer_empty
+                      | :finished
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(string) -> encoding or nil
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(encoding) -> encoding or nil
+  # -->
+  # Returns the corresponding ASCII compatible encoding.
+  #
+  # Returns nil if the argument is an ASCII compatible encoding.
+  #
+  # "corresponding ASCII compatible encoding" is an ASCII compatible encoding
+  # which can represents exactly the same characters as the given ASCII
+  # incompatible encoding. So, no conversion undefined error occurs when
+  # converting between the two encodings.
+  #
+  #     Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding("ISO-2022-JP") #=> #<Encoding:stateless-ISO-2022-JP>
+  #     Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding("UTF-16BE") #=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
+  #     Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding("UTF-8") #=> nil
+  #
+  def self.asciicompat_encoding: (encoding enc) -> Encoding?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.search_convpath(source_encoding, destination_encoding)         -> ary
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.search_convpath(source_encoding, destination_encoding, opt)    -> ary
+  # -->
+  # Returns a conversion path.
+  #
+  #     p Encoding::Converter.search_convpath("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP")
+  #     #=> [[#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>],
+  #     #    [#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:EUC-JP>]]
+  #
+  #     p Encoding::Converter.search_convpath("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP", universal_newline: true)
+  #     or
+  #     p Encoding::Converter.search_convpath("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP", newline: :universal)
+  #     #=> [[#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>],
+  #     #    [#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:EUC-JP>],
+  #     #    "universal_newline"]
+  #
+  #     p Encoding::Converter.search_convpath("ISO-8859-1", "UTF-32BE", universal_newline: true)
+  #     or
+  #     p Encoding::Converter.search_convpath("ISO-8859-1", "UTF-32BE", newline: :universal)
+  #     #=> [[#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>],
+  #     #    "universal_newline",
+  #     #    [#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:UTF-32BE>]]
+  #
+  def self.search_convpath: (
+                              encoding source,
+                              encoding destination,
+                              ?newline: :universal | :crlf | :cr,
+                              ?universal_newline: bool,
+                              ?crlf_newline: bool,
+                              ?cr_newline: bool,
+                              ?xml: :text | :attr
+                            ) -> conversion_path
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec == other        -> true or false
+  # -->
+  #
+  def ==: (self) -> bool
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.convert(source_string) -> destination_string
+  # -->
+  # Convert source_string and return destination_string.
+  #
+  # source_string is assumed as a part of source. i.e.  :partial_input=>true is
+  # specified internally. finish method should be used last.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "euc-jp")
+  #     puts ec.convert("\u3042").dump     #=> "\xA4\xA2"
+  #     puts ec.finish.dump                #=> ""
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("euc-jp", "utf-8")
+  #     puts ec.convert("\xA4").dump       #=> ""
+  #     puts ec.convert("\xA2").dump       #=> "\xE3\x81\x82"
+  #     puts ec.finish.dump                #=> ""
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-2022-jp")
+  #     puts ec.convert("\xE3").dump       #=> "".force_encoding("ISO-2022-JP")
+  #     puts ec.convert("\x81").dump       #=> "".force_encoding("ISO-2022-JP")
+  #     puts ec.convert("\x82").dump       #=> "\e$B$\"".force_encoding("ISO-2022-JP")
+  #     puts ec.finish.dump                #=> "\e(B".force_encoding("ISO-2022-JP")
+  #
+  # If a conversion error occur, Encoding::UndefinedConversionError or
+  # Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError is raised. Encoding::Converter#convert
+  # doesn't supply methods to recover or restart from these exceptions. When you
+  # want to handle these conversion errors, use
+  # Encoding::Converter#primitive_convert.
+  #
+  def convert: (String source) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.convpath        -> ary
+  # -->
+  # Returns the conversion path of ec.
+  #
+  # The result is an array of conversions.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("ISO-8859-1", "EUC-JP", crlf_newline: true)
+  #     p ec.convpath
+  #     #=> [[#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>],
+  #     #    [#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:EUC-JP>],
+  #     #    "crlf_newline"]
+  #
+  # Each element of the array is a pair of encodings or a string. A pair means an
+  # encoding conversion. A string means a decorator.
+  #
+  # In the above example, [#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>] means a
+  # converter from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8. "crlf_newline" means newline converter
+  # from LF to CRLF.
+  #
+  def convpath: () -> conversion_path
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.destination_encoding -> encoding
+  # -->
+  # Returns the destination encoding as an Encoding object.
+  #
+  def destination_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.finish -> string
+  # -->
+  # Finishes the converter. It returns the last part of the converted string.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-2022-jp")
+  #     p ec.convert("\u3042")     #=> "\e$B$\""
+  #     p ec.finish                #=> "\e(B"
+  #
+  def finish: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.insert_output(string) -> nil
+  # -->
+  # Inserts string into the encoding converter. The string will be converted to
+  # the destination encoding and output on later conversions.
+  #
+  # If the destination encoding is stateful, string is converted according to the
+  # state and the state is updated.
+  #
+  # This method should be used only when a conversion error occurs.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-8859-1")
+  #     src = "HIRAGANA LETTER A is \u{3042}."
+  #     dst = ""
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst)    #=> :undefined_conversion
+  #     puts "[#{dst.dump}, #{src.dump}]"   #=> ["HIRAGANA LETTER A is ", "."]
+  #     ec.insert_output("<err>")
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst)    #=> :finished
+  #     puts "[#{dst.dump}, #{src.dump}]"   #=> ["HIRAGANA LETTER A is <err>.", ""]
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-2022-jp")
+  #     src = "\u{306F 3041 3068 2661 3002}" # U+2661 is not representable in iso-2022-jp
+  #     dst = ""
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst)    #=> :undefined_conversion
+  #     puts "[#{dst.dump}, #{src.dump}]"   #=> ["\e$B$O$!$H".force_encoding("ISO-2022-JP"), "\xE3\x80\x82"]
+  #     ec.insert_output "?"                # state change required to output "?".
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst)    #=> :finished
+  #     puts "[#{dst.dump}, #{src.dump}]"   #=> ["\e$B$O$!$H\e(B?\e$B!#\e(B".force_encoding("ISO-2022-JP"), ""]
+  #
+  def insert_output: (String) -> nil
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.inspect         -> string
+  # -->
+  # Returns a printable version of *ec*
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("iso-8859-1", "utf-8")
+  #     puts ec.inspect    #=> #<Encoding::Converter: ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8>
+  #
+  def inspect: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.last_error -> exception or nil
+  # -->
+  # Returns an exception object for the last conversion. Returns nil if the last
+  # conversion did not produce an error.
+  #
+  # "error" means that Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError and
+  # Encoding::UndefinedConversionError for Encoding::Converter#convert and
+  # :invalid_byte_sequence, :incomplete_input and :undefined_conversion for
+  # Encoding::Converter#primitive_convert.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-8859-1")
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src="\xf1abcd", dst="")       #=> :invalid_byte_sequence
+  #     p ec.last_error      #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xF1" followed by "a" on UTF-8>
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst, nil, 1)             #=> :destination_buffer_full
+  #     p ec.last_error      #=> nil
+  #
+  def last_error: () -> Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError?
+                | () -> Encoding::UndefinedConversionError?
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.primitive_convert(source_buffer, destination_buffer) -> symbol
+  #   - ec.primitive_convert(source_buffer, destination_buffer, destination_byteoffset) -> symbol
+  #   - ec.primitive_convert(source_buffer, destination_buffer, destination_byteoffset, destination_bytesize) -> symbol
+  #   - ec.primitive_convert(source_buffer, destination_buffer, destination_byteoffset, destination_bytesize, opt) -> symbol
+  # -->
+  # possible opt elements:
+  #     hash form:
+  #       :partial_input => true           # source buffer may be part of larger source
+  #       :after_output => true            # stop conversion after output before input
+  #     integer form:
+  #       Encoding::Converter::PARTIAL_INPUT
+  #       Encoding::Converter::AFTER_OUTPUT
+  #
+  # possible results:
+  #     :invalid_byte_sequence
+  #     :incomplete_input
+  #     :undefined_conversion
+  #     :after_output
+  #     :destination_buffer_full
+  #     :source_buffer_empty
+  #     :finished
+  #
+  # primitive_convert converts source_buffer into destination_buffer.
+  #
+  # source_buffer should be a string or nil. nil means an empty string.
+  #
+  # destination_buffer should be a string.
+  #
+  # destination_byteoffset should be an integer or nil. nil means the end of
+  # destination_buffer. If it is omitted, nil is assumed.
+  #
+  # destination_bytesize should be an integer or nil. nil means unlimited. If it
+  # is omitted, nil is assumed.
+  #
+  # opt should be nil, a hash or an integer. nil means no flags. If it is omitted,
+  # nil is assumed.
+  #
+  # primitive_convert converts the content of source_buffer from beginning and
+  # store the result into destination_buffer.
+  #
+  # destination_byteoffset and destination_bytesize specify the region which the
+  # converted result is stored. destination_byteoffset specifies the start
+  # position in destination_buffer in bytes. If destination_byteoffset is nil,
+  # destination_buffer.bytesize is used for appending the result.
+  # destination_bytesize specifies maximum number of bytes. If
+  # destination_bytesize is nil, destination size is unlimited. After conversion,
+  # destination_buffer is resized to destination_byteoffset + actually produced
+  # number of bytes. Also destination_buffer's encoding is set to
+  # destination_encoding.
+  #
+  # primitive_convert drops the converted part of source_buffer. the dropped part
+  # is converted in destination_buffer or buffered in Encoding::Converter object.
+  #
+  # primitive_convert stops conversion when one of following condition met.
+  # *   invalid byte sequence found in source buffer (:invalid_byte_sequence)
+  #     `primitive_errinfo` and `last_error` methods returns the detail of the
+  #     error.
+  # *   unexpected end of source buffer (:incomplete_input) this occur only when
+  #     :partial_input is not specified. `primitive_errinfo` and `last_error`
+  #     methods returns the detail of the error.
+  # *   character not representable in output encoding (:undefined_conversion)
+  #     `primitive_errinfo` and `last_error` methods returns the detail of the
+  #     error.
+  # *   after some output is generated, before input is done (:after_output) this
+  #     occur only when :after_output is specified.
+  # *   destination buffer is full (:destination_buffer_full) this occur only when
+  #     destination_bytesize is non-nil.
+  # *   source buffer is empty (:source_buffer_empty) this occur only when
+  #     :partial_input is specified.
+  # *   conversion is finished (:finished)
+  #
+  # example:
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-8", "UTF-16BE")
+  #     ret = ec.primitive_convert(src="pi", dst="", nil, 100)
+  #     p [ret, src, dst] #=> [:finished, "", "\x00p\x00i"]
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-8", "UTF-16BE")
+  #     ret = ec.primitive_convert(src="pi", dst="", nil, 1)
+  #     p [ret, src, dst] #=> [:destination_buffer_full, "i", "\x00"]
+  #     ret = ec.primitive_convert(src, dst="", nil, 1)
+  #     p [ret, src, dst] #=> [:destination_buffer_full, "", "p"]
+  #     ret = ec.primitive_convert(src, dst="", nil, 1)
+  #     p [ret, src, dst] #=> [:destination_buffer_full, "", "\x00"]
+  #     ret = ec.primitive_convert(src, dst="", nil, 1)
+  #     p [ret, src, dst] #=> [:finished, "", "i"]
+  #
+  def primitive_convert: (
+                          String? source,
+                          String destination,
+                          ?Integer? destination_byteoffset,
+                          ?Integer? destination_bytesize,
+                          ?partial_input: bool,
+                          ?after_output: bool
+                        ) -> convert_result
+                       | (
+                          String? source,
+                          String destination,
+                          ?Integer? destination_byteoffset,
+                          ?Integer? destination_bytesize,
+                          ?Integer opt
+                        ) -> convert_result
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.primitive_errinfo -> array
+  # -->
+  # primitive_errinfo returns important information regarding the last error as a
+  # 5-element array:
+  #
+  #     [result, enc1, enc2, error_bytes, readagain_bytes]
+  #
+  # result is the last result of primitive_convert.
+  #
+  # Other elements are only meaningful when result is :invalid_byte_sequence,
+  # :incomplete_input or :undefined_conversion.
+  #
+  # enc1 and enc2 indicate a conversion step as a pair of strings. For example, a
+  # converter from EUC-JP to ISO-8859-1 converts a string as follows: EUC-JP ->
+  # UTF-8 -> ISO-8859-1. So [enc1, enc2] is either ["EUC-JP", "UTF-8"] or
+  # ["UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1"].
+  #
+  # error_bytes and readagain_bytes indicate the byte sequences which caused the
+  # error. error_bytes is discarded portion. readagain_bytes is buffered portion
+  # which is read again on next conversion.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #     # \xff is invalid as EUC-JP.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "Shift_JIS")
+  #     ec.primitive_convert(src="\xff", dst="", nil, 10)
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo
+  #     #=> [:invalid_byte_sequence, "EUC-JP", "Shift_JIS", "\xFF", ""]
+  #
+  #     # HIRAGANA LETTER A (\xa4\xa2 in EUC-JP) is not representable in ISO-8859-1.
+  #     # Since this error is occur in UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1 conversion,
+  #     # error_bytes is HIRAGANA LETTER A in UTF-8 (\xE3\x81\x82).
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1")
+  #     ec.primitive_convert(src="\xa4\xa2", dst="", nil, 10)
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo
+  #     #=> [:undefined_conversion, "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", "\xE3\x81\x82", ""]
+  #
+  #     # partial character is invalid
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1")
+  #     ec.primitive_convert(src="\xa4", dst="", nil, 10)
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo
+  #     #=> [:incomplete_input, "EUC-JP", "UTF-8", "\xA4", ""]
+  #
+  #     # Encoding::Converter::PARTIAL_INPUT prevents invalid errors by
+  #     # partial characters.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1")
+  #     ec.primitive_convert(src="\xa4", dst="", nil, 10, Encoding::Converter::PARTIAL_INPUT)
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo
+  #     #=> [:source_buffer_empty, nil, nil, nil, nil]
+  #
+  #     # \xd8\x00\x00@ is invalid as UTF-16BE because
+  #     # no low surrogate after high surrogate (\xd8\x00).
+  #     # It is detected by 3rd byte (\00) which is part of next character.
+  #     # So the high surrogate (\xd8\x00) is discarded and
+  #     # the 3rd byte is read again later.
+  #     # Since the byte is buffered in ec, it is dropped from src.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-16BE", "UTF-8")
+  #     ec.primitive_convert(src="\xd8\x00\x00@", dst="", nil, 10)
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo
+  #     #=> [:invalid_byte_sequence, "UTF-16BE", "UTF-8", "\xD8\x00", "\x00"]
+  #     p src
+  #     #=> "@"
+  #
+  #     # Similar to UTF-16BE, \x00\xd8@\x00 is invalid as UTF-16LE.
+  #     # The problem is detected by 4th byte.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-16LE", "UTF-8")
+  #     ec.primitive_convert(src="\x00\xd8@\x00", dst="", nil, 10)
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo
+  #     #=> [:invalid_byte_sequence, "UTF-16LE", "UTF-8", "\x00\xD8", "@\x00"]
+  #     p src
+  #     #=> ""
+  #
+  def primitive_errinfo: () -> [convert_result, String?, String?, String?, String?]
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.putback                    -> string
+  #   - ec.putback(max_numbytes)      -> string
+  # -->
+  # Put back the bytes which will be converted.
+  #
+  # The bytes are caused by invalid_byte_sequence error. When
+  # invalid_byte_sequence error, some bytes are discarded and some bytes are
+  # buffered to be converted later. The latter bytes can be put back. It can be
+  # observed by Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError#readagain_bytes and
+  # Encoding::Converter#primitive_errinfo.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-16le", "iso-8859-1")
+  #     src = "\x00\xd8\x61\x00"
+  #     dst = ""
+  #     p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst)   #=> :invalid_byte_sequence
+  #     p ec.primitive_errinfo     #=> [:invalid_byte_sequence, "UTF-16LE", "UTF-8", "\x00\xD8", "a\x00"]
+  #     p ec.putback               #=> "a\x00"
+  #     p ec.putback               #=> ""          # no more bytes to put back
+  #
+  def putback: (?Integer max_numbytes) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.replacement -> string
+  # -->
+  # Returns the replacement string.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("euc-jp", "us-ascii")
+  #     p ec.replacement    #=> "?"
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("euc-jp", "utf-8")
+  #     p ec.replacement    #=> "\uFFFD"
+  #
+  def replacement: () -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.replacement = string
+  # -->
+  # Sets the replacement string.
+  #
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "us-ascii", :undef => :replace)
+  #     ec.replacement = "<undef>"
+  #     p ec.convert("a \u3042 b")      #=> "a <undef> b"
+  #
+  def replacement=: (String str) -> String
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - ec.source_encoding -> encoding
+  # -->
+  # Returns the source encoding as an Encoding object.
+  #
+  def source_encoding: () -> Encoding
+
+  private
+
+  # <!--
+  #   rdoc-file=transcode.c
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.new(source_encoding, destination_encoding)
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.new(source_encoding, destination_encoding, opt)
+  #   - Encoding::Converter.new(convpath)
+  # -->
+  # possible options elements:
+  #     hash form:
+  #       :invalid => nil            # raise error on invalid byte sequence (default)
+  #       :invalid => :replace       # replace invalid byte sequence
+  #       :undef => nil              # raise error on undefined conversion (default)
+  #       :undef => :replace         # replace undefined conversion
+  #       :replace => string         # replacement string ("?" or "\uFFFD" if not specified)
+  #       :newline => :universal     # decorator for converting CRLF and CR to LF
+  #       :newline => :lf            # decorator for converting CRLF and CR to LF when writing
+  #       :newline => :crlf          # decorator for converting LF to CRLF
+  #       :newline => :cr            # decorator for converting LF to CR
+  #       :universal_newline => true # decorator for converting CRLF and CR to LF
+  #       :crlf_newline => true      # decorator for converting LF to CRLF
+  #       :cr_newline => true        # decorator for converting LF to CR
+  #       :lf_newline => true        # decorator for converting CRLF and CR to LF when writing
+  #       :xml => :text              # escape as XML CharData.
+  #       :xml => :attr              # escape as XML AttValue
+  #     integer form:
+  #       Encoding::Converter::INVALID_REPLACE
+  #       Encoding::Converter::UNDEF_REPLACE
+  #       Encoding::Converter::UNDEF_HEX_CHARREF
+  #       Encoding::Converter::UNIVERSAL_NEWLINE_DECORATOR
+  #       Encoding::Converter::LF_NEWLINE_DECORATOR
+  #       Encoding::Converter::CRLF_NEWLINE_DECORATOR
+  #       Encoding::Converter::CR_NEWLINE_DECORATOR
+  #       Encoding::Converter::XML_TEXT_DECORATOR
+  #       Encoding::Converter::XML_ATTR_CONTENT_DECORATOR
+  #       Encoding::Converter::XML_ATTR_QUOTE_DECORATOR
+  #
+  # Encoding::Converter.new creates an instance of Encoding::Converter.
+  #
+  # Source_encoding and destination_encoding should be a string or Encoding
+  # object.
+  #
+  # opt should be nil, a hash or an integer.
+  #
+  # convpath should be an array. convpath may contain
+  # *   two-element arrays which contain encodings or encoding names, or
+  # *   strings representing decorator names.
+  #
+  # Encoding::Converter.new optionally takes an option. The option should be a
+  # hash or an integer. The option hash can contain :invalid => nil, etc. The
+  # option integer should be logical-or of constants such as
+  # Encoding::Converter::INVALID_REPLACE, etc.
+  #
+  # :invalid => nil
+  # :   Raise error on invalid byte sequence.  This is a default behavior.
+  #
+  # :invalid => :replace
+  # :   Replace invalid byte sequence by replacement string.
+  #
+  # :undef => nil
+  # :   Raise an error if a character in source_encoding is not defined in
+  #     destination_encoding. This is a default behavior.
+  #
+  # :undef => :replace
+  # :   Replace undefined character in destination_encoding with replacement
+  #     string.
+  #
+  # :replace => string
+  # :   Specify the replacement string. If not specified, "uFFFD" is used for
+  #     Unicode encodings and "?" for others.
+  #
+  # :universal_newline => true
+  # :   Convert CRLF and CR to LF.
+  #
+  # :crlf_newline => true
+  # :   Convert LF to CRLF.
+  #
+  # :cr_newline => true
+  # :   Convert LF to CR.
+  #
+  # :lf_newline => true
+  # :   Convert CRLF and CR to LF (when writing).
+  #
+  # :xml => :text
+  # :   Escape as XML CharData. This form can be used as an HTML 4.0 #PCDATA.
+  #     *   '&' -> '&amp;'
+  #     *   '<' -> '&lt;'
+  #     *   '>' -> '&gt;'
+  #     *   undefined characters in destination_encoding -> hexadecimal CharRef
+  #         such as &#xHH;
+  #
+  # :xml => :attr
+  # :   Escape as XML AttValue. The converted result is quoted as "...". This form
+  #     can be used as an HTML 4.0 attribute value.
+  #     *   '&' -> '&amp;'
+  #     *   '<' -> '&lt;'
+  #     *   '>' -> '&gt;'
+  #     *   '"' -> '&quot;'
+  #     *   undefined characters in destination_encoding -> hexadecimal CharRef
+  #         such as &#xHH;
+  #
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #     # UTF-16BE to UTF-8
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-16BE", "UTF-8")
+  #
+  #     # Usually, decorators such as newline conversion are inserted last.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-16BE", "UTF-8", :universal_newline => true)
+  #     p ec.convpath #=> [[#<Encoding:UTF-16BE>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>],
+  #                   #    "universal_newline"]
+  #
+  #     # But, if the last encoding is ASCII incompatible,
+  #     # decorators are inserted before the last conversion.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new("UTF-8", "UTF-16BE", :crlf_newline => true)
+  #     p ec.convpath #=> ["crlf_newline",
+  #                   #    [#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:UTF-16BE>]]
+  #
+  #     # Conversion path can be specified directly.
+  #     ec = Encoding::Converter.new(["universal_newline", ["EUC-JP", "UTF-8"], ["UTF-8", "UTF-16BE"]])
+  #     p ec.convpath #=> ["universal_newline",
+  #                   #    [#<Encoding:EUC-JP>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>],
+  #                   #    [#<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:UTF-16BE>]]
+  #
+  def initialize: (encoding source, encoding destination) -> void
+                | (encoding source, encoding destination,
+                    ?invalid: :replace | nil,
+                    ?undef: :replace | nil,
+                    ?replace: String,
+                    ?newline: :universal | :crlf | :cr,
+                    ?universal_newline: bool,
+                    ?crlf_newline: bool,
+                    ?cr_newline: bool,
+                    ?xml: :text | :attr
+                  ) -> void
+                | (encoding source, encoding destination, Integer opts) -> void
+                | (conversion_path convpath) -> void
+end
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Stop converting after some output is complete but before all of the input was
+# consumed.  See primitive_convert for an example.
+#
+Encoding::Converter::AFTER_OUTPUT: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Decorator for converting LF to CRLF
+#
+Encoding::Converter::CRLF_NEWLINE_DECORATOR: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Decorator for converting LF to CR
+#
+Encoding::Converter::CR_NEWLINE_DECORATOR: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Mask for invalid byte sequences
+#
+Encoding::Converter::INVALID_MASK: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Replace invalid byte sequences
+#
+Encoding::Converter::INVALID_REPLACE: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Indicates the source may be part of a larger string.  See primitive_convert
+# for an example.
+#
+Encoding::Converter::PARTIAL_INPUT: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Replace byte sequences that are undefined in the destination encoding with an
+# XML hexadecimal character reference.  This is valid for XML conversion.
+#
+Encoding::Converter::UNDEF_HEX_CHARREF: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Mask for a valid character in the source encoding but no related character(s)
+# in destination encoding.
+#
+Encoding::Converter::UNDEF_MASK: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Replace byte sequences that are undefined in the destination encoding.
+#
+Encoding::Converter::UNDEF_REPLACE: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Decorator for converting CRLF and CR to LF
+#
+Encoding::Converter::UNIVERSAL_NEWLINE_DECORATOR: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Escape as XML AttValue
+#
+Encoding::Converter::XML_ATTR_CONTENT_DECORATOR: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Escape as XML AttValue
+#
+Encoding::Converter::XML_ATTR_QUOTE_DECORATOR: Integer
+
+# <!-- rdoc-file=transcode.c -->
+# Escape as XML CharData
+#
+Encoding::Converter::XML_TEXT_DECORATOR: Integer