rb-gsl 1.15.3.1

data/ext/root.c

@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+/*
+  root.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+  (C) Copyright 2004 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+  
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_common.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_function.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_root.h"
+
+EXTERN VALUE cgsl_function_fdf;
+
+enum {
+  GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BISECTION,
+  GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_FALSEPOS,
+  GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BRENT,
+  GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON,
+  GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_SECANT,
+  GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_STEFFENSON,
+};
+
+/*****/
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  const gsl_root_fsolver_type *T;
+  char name[32];
+  switch (TYPE(t)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    strcpy(name, STR2CSTR(t));
+    if (!str_tail_grep(name, "bisection")) {
+      T = gsl_root_fsolver_bisection;
+    } else if (!str_tail_grep(name, "falsepos")) {
+      T = gsl_root_fsolver_falsepos;
+    } else if (!str_tail_grep(name, "brent")) {
+      T = gsl_root_fsolver_brent;
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+	       "type must be \"bisection\" or \"falsepos\", or \"brent\".");
+    }
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
+    case GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BISECTION:
+      T = gsl_root_fsolver_bisection;
+      break;
+    case GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_FALSEPOS:
+      T = gsl_root_fsolver_falsepos;
+      break;
+    case GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BRENT:
+      T = gsl_root_fsolver_brent;
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "type must be BISECTION or FALSEPOS, or BRENT.");
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(t)));
+    break;
+  }
+  s = gsl_root_fsolver_alloc(T);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_root_fsolver_free, s);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_set(VALUE obj, VALUE func, VALUE xl, VALUE xh)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  gsl_function *fff = NULL;
+  double xlow, xup;
+  Need_Float(xl); Need_Float(xh);
+  CHECK_FUNCTION(func);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  Data_Get_Struct(func, gsl_function, fff);
+  xlow = NUM2DBL(xl);
+  xup = NUM2DBL(xh);
+  gsl_root_fsolver_set(s, fff, xlow, xup);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_iterate(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_root_fsolver_iterate(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_root(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_root_fsolver_root(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_x_lower(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_root_fsolver_x_lower(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_x_upper(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_root_fsolver_x_upper(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_name(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  return rb_str_new2(gsl_root_fsolver_name(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_test_interval(VALUE obj, VALUE eabs, VALUE erel)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Need_Float(eabs); Need_Float(erel); 
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_root_test_interval(s->x_lower, s->x_upper,
+					NUM2DBL(eabs), NUM2DBL(erel)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_root_test_interval(VALUE obj, VALUE xl, VALUE xu, VALUE eabs,
+				       VALUE erel)
+{
+  Need_Float(xl); Need_Float(xu);
+  Need_Float(eabs); Need_Float(erel); 
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_root_test_interval(NUM2DBL(xl), NUM2DBL(xu),
+					NUM2DBL(eabs), NUM2DBL(erel)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_root_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE xl, VALUE xu, VALUE eabs,
+				       VALUE erel)
+{
+  Need_Float(xl); Need_Float(xu);
+  Need_Float(eabs); Need_Float(erel); 
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_root_test_delta(NUM2DBL(xl), NUM2DBL(xu),
+				     NUM2DBL(eabs), NUM2DBL(erel)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_root_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE xl,VALUE eabs)
+{
+  Need_Float(xl); Need_Float(eabs);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_root_test_residual(NUM2DBL(xl),  NUM2DBL(eabs)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsolver_solve(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE *obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  gsl_function *F = NULL;
+  double x, xl, xh, epsabs = 0.0, epsrel = 1e-6;
+  int status, iter = 0, max_iter = 100;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    Check_Type(argv[2], T_ARRAY);
+    epsabs = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[2], 0));
+    epsrel = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[2], 1));
+    /* no break */
+  case 2:
+    Check_Type(argv[1], T_ARRAY);
+    xl = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[1], 0));
+    xh = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[1], 1));
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "Usage: solve(f = Function, range = Array, eps = Array)");
+    break;
+  }
+  CHECK_FUNCTION(argv[0]);
+  Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_function, F);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fsolver, s);
+  gsl_root_fsolver_set(s, F, xl, xh);
+  do {
+    iter++;
+    status = gsl_root_fsolver_iterate (s);
+    x = gsl_root_fsolver_root (s);
+    xl = gsl_root_fsolver_x_lower (s);
+    xh = gsl_root_fsolver_x_upper (s);
+    status = gsl_root_test_interval (xl, xh, epsabs, epsrel);
+    if (status == GSL_SUCCESS) break;
+  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
+  return rb_ary_new3(3, rb_float_new(x), INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fdfsolver_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t)
+{
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  const gsl_root_fdfsolver_type *T;
+  char name[32];
+  switch (TYPE(t)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    strcpy(name, STR2CSTR(t));
+    if (!str_tail_grep(name, "newton")) {
+      T = gsl_root_fdfsolver_newton;
+    } else if (!str_tail_grep(name, "secant")) {
+      T = gsl_root_fdfsolver_secant;
+    } else if (!str_tail_grep(name, "steffenson")) {
+      T = gsl_root_fdfsolver_steffenson;
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "type must be NEWTON or SECANT, or STEFFENSON.");
+    }
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
+    case GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON:
+      T = gsl_root_fdfsolver_newton;
+      break;
+    case GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_SECANT:
+      T = gsl_root_fdfsolver_secant;
+      break;
+    case GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_STEFFENSON:
+      T = gsl_root_fdfsolver_steffenson;
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "type must be NEWTON or SECANT, or STEFFENSON.");
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(t)));
+    break;
+  }
+  s = gsl_root_fdfsolver_alloc(T);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_root_fdfsolver_free, s);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fdfsolver_set(VALUE obj, VALUE func, VALUE r)
+{
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  gsl_function_fdf *fff = NULL;
+  double root;
+  CHECK_FUNCTION_FDF(func);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fdfsolver, s);
+  Data_Get_Struct(func, gsl_function_fdf, fff);
+  root = NUM2DBL(r);
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver_set(s, fff, root);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fdfsolver_iterate(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fdfsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_root_fdfsolver_iterate(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fdfsolver_root(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fdfsolver, s);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_root_fdfsolver_root(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fdfsolver_name(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fdfsolver, s);
+  return rb_str_new2(gsl_root_fdfsolver_name(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fdfsolver_solve(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE *obj)
+{
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  double x = 0.0, x0, epsabs = 0.0, epsrel = 1e-6;
+  gsl_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  int status, iter = 0, max_iter = 100;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    Check_Type(argv[2], T_ARRAY);
+    epsabs = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[2], 0));
+    epsrel = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[2], 1));
+    /* no break */
+  case 2:
+    Need_Float(argv[1]);
+    x0 = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Usage: solve(f = Function, range = Array, eps = Array)");
+    break;
+  }
+  CHECK_FUNCTION_FDF(argv[0]);
+  Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_function_fdf, F);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_root_fdfsolver, s);
+  gsl_root_fdfsolver_set(s, F, x0);  
+  do {
+    iter++;
+    status = gsl_root_fdfsolver_iterate (s);
+    x0 = x;
+    x = gsl_root_fdfsolver_root (s);
+    status = gsl_root_test_delta(x, x0, epsabs, epsrel);
+    if (status == GSL_SUCCESS) break;
+  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
+  return rb_ary_new3(3, rb_float_new(x), INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_function_rootfinder(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  int status, iter = 0, max_iter = 1000;
+  const gsl_root_fsolver_type *T;
+  gsl_root_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  gsl_function *F = NULL;
+  double r, a, b, epsabs = 0.0, epsrel = 1e-6;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_function, F);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+    b = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      a = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0));
+      b = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "interval must be given by an array [a, b]");
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "interval must be given");
+    break;
+  }
+  T = gsl_root_fsolver_brent;
+  s = gsl_root_fsolver_alloc (T);
+  gsl_root_fsolver_set (s, F, a, b);
+  do {
+    iter++;
+    status = gsl_root_fsolver_iterate (s);
+    r = gsl_root_fsolver_root (s);
+    a = gsl_root_fsolver_x_lower (s);
+    b = gsl_root_fsolver_x_upper (s);
+    status = gsl_root_test_interval (a, b, epsabs, epsrel);
+    if (status == GSL_SUCCESS) break;
+  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
+  gsl_root_fsolver_free(s);
+  if (status == GSL_SUCCESS) {
+    return rb_ary_new3(3, rb_float_new(r), INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
+  } else {
+    printf("not converged\n");
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_root(VALUE module)
+{
+  VALUE mgsl_root;
+  VALUE cgsl_fsolver;
+  VALUE cgsl_fdfsolver;
+
+  mgsl_root = rb_define_module_under(module, "Root");
+
+  cgsl_fsolver = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_root, "FSolver", cGSL_Object);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_fsolver, "alloc", rb_gsl_fsolver_new, 1);  
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "set", rb_gsl_fsolver_set, 3);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "iterate", rb_gsl_fsolver_iterate, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "root", rb_gsl_fsolver_root, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "name", rb_gsl_fsolver_name, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "x_lower", rb_gsl_fsolver_x_lower, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "x_upper", rb_gsl_fsolver_x_upper, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "test_interval", rb_gsl_fsolver_test_interval, 2);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fsolver, "solve", rb_gsl_fsolver_solve, -1);  
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_root, "test_interval", 
+			    rb_gsl_root_test_interval, 4);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_root, "test_delta", 
+			    rb_gsl_root_test_delta, 4);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_root, "test_residual", 
+			    rb_gsl_root_test_residual, 2);
+
+  cgsl_fdfsolver = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_root, "FdfSolver", cGSL_Object);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_fdfsolver, "alloc", rb_gsl_fdfsolver_new, 1);  
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fdfsolver, "set", rb_gsl_fdfsolver_set, 2);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fdfsolver, "iterate", rb_gsl_fdfsolver_iterate, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fdfsolver, "root", rb_gsl_fdfsolver_root, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fdfsolver, "name", rb_gsl_fdfsolver_name, 0);  
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_fdfsolver, "solve", rb_gsl_fdfsolver_solve, -1);  
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_function, "fsolve", rb_gsl_function_rootfinder, -1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_function, "solve", "fsolve");
+
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fsolver, "BISECTION", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BISECTION));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fsolver, "FALSEPOS", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_FALSEPOS));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fsolver, "BRENT", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BRENT));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fsolver, "Bisection", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BISECTION));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fsolver, "Falsepos", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_FALSEPOS));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fsolver, "Brent", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FSOLVER_BRENT));
+
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fdfsolver, "NEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fdfsolver, "SECANT", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_SECANT));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fdfsolver, "STEFFENSON", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_STEFFENSON));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fdfsolver, "Newton", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fdfsolver, "Secant", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_SECANT));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_fdfsolver, "Steffenson", INT2FIX(GSL_ROOT_FDFSOLVER_STEFFENSON));
+}

data/ext/sf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1494 @@
+/*
+  sf.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+*/
+
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_sf.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+#include "narray.h"
+#endif
+
+VALUE cgsl_sf_result, cgsl_sf_result_e10;
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_new(VALUE klass)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  return Data_Make_Struct(klass, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_print(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result, rslt);
+  printf("%10.9e %10.9e\n", rslt->val, rslt->err);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_to_s(VALUE obj);
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_inspect(VALUE obj)
+{
+  char buf[64];
+  VALUE str;
+  sprintf(buf, "%s\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  str = rb_str_new2(buf);
+  return rb_str_concat(str, rb_gsl_sf_result_to_s(obj));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_val(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result, rslt);
+  return rb_float_new(rslt->val);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_err(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result, rslt);
+  return rb_float_new(rslt->err);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_to_a(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result, rslt);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(rslt->val), rb_float_new(rslt->err));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_to_s(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  char str[32];
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result, rslt);
+  sprintf(str, "%10.9e %10.9e", rslt->val, rslt->err);
+  return rb_str_new2(str);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_new(VALUE klass)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result_e10 *rslt = NULL;
+  return Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result_e10, 0, free, rslt);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_val(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result_e10 *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result_e10, rslt);
+  return rb_float_new(rslt->val);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_err(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result_e10 *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result_e10, rslt);
+  return rb_float_new(rslt->err);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_e10(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result_e10 *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result_e10, rslt);
+  return INT2FIX(rslt->e10);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_to_a(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result_e10 *rslt = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result_e10, rslt);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(rslt->val), rb_float_new(rslt->err));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_to_s(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result_e10 *rslt = NULL;
+  char str[32];
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_sf_result_e10, rslt);
+  sprintf(str, "%10.9e %10.9e\n", rslt->val, rslt->err);
+  return rb_str_new2(str);
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval1(double (*func)(double), VALUE argv)
+{
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    return rb_gsl_ary_eval1(argv, func);
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      return rb_gsl_nary_eval1(argv, func);
+    }
+#endif
+    if (MATRIX_P(argv)) {
+      return matrix_eval_create(argv, func);
+    } else if (VECTOR_P(argv)) {
+      return vector_eval_create(argv, func);
+    } else if (COMPLEX_P(argv) || VECTOR_COMPLEX_P(argv) || MATRIX_COMPLEX_P(argv)) {
+      return rb_gsl_sf_eval_complex(func, argv);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv)));
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_int_double(double (*func)(int, double), VALUE jj, VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, j, k, n;
+  double val;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(jj);
+  j = FIX2INT(jj);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(j, NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(j, NUM2DBL(xx));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(j, ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(j, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(j, gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double_int(double (*func)(double, int), VALUE argv, VALUE jj)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, j, k, n;
+  double val;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(jj);
+  j = FIX2INT(jj);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv), j));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), j);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], j);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k), j);
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), j);
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_int_int_double(double (*func)(int, int, double), VALUE jj,
+				    VALUE jj2, VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, j, k, j2, n;
+  double val;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(jj); CHECK_FIXNUM(jj2);
+  j = FIX2INT(jj);
+  j2 = FIX2INT(jj2);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(j, j2, NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(j, j2, NUM2DBL(xx));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(j, j2, ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+        for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+          val = (*func)(j, j2, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+          gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+        }
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        val = (*func)(j, j2, gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+        gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_int_double_double(double (*func)(int, double, double), VALUE jj, 
+				       VALUE ff, VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, j, k, n;
+  double f, val;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(jj);
+  Need_Float(ff);
+  j = FIX2INT(jj);
+  f = NUM2DBL(ff);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(j, f, NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(j, f, NUM2DBL(xx));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(j, f, ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(j, f, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(j, f, gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double_double(double (*func)(double, double), VALUE ff, VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val, f;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(ff);
+  f = NUM2DBL(ff);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(f, NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(f, NUM2DBL(xx));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(f, ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, (*func)(f, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k)));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*func)(f, gsl_vector_get(v, i)));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double3(double (*func)(double, double, double), 
+			     VALUE ff, VALUE ff2, VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val, f, f2;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(ff); Need_Float(ff2);
+  f = NUM2DBL(ff);
+  f2 = NUM2DBL(ff2);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(f, f2, NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(f, f2, NUM2DBL(xx));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(f, f2, ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(f, f2, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(f, f2, gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double4(double (*func)(double, double, double, double), 
+			     VALUE ff, VALUE ff2, VALUE ff3, VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val, f, f2, f3;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(ff); Need_Float(ff2); Need_Float(ff3);
+  f = NUM2DBL(ff);
+  f2 = NUM2DBL(ff2);
+  f3 = NUM2DBL(ff3);
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(f, f2, f3, NUM2DBL(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(f, f2, f3, NUM2DBL(xx));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(f, f2, f3, ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(f, f2, f3, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(f, f2, f3, gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval1_int(double (*func)(int), VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2INT(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      val = (*func)(NUM2INT(rb_ary_entry(argv, i)));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)((int) ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)((int) gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)((int) gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval1_uint(double (*func)(unsigned int), VALUE argv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2UINT(argv)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      val = (*func)(NUM2UINT(rb_ary_entry(argv, i)));
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      argv = na_change_type(argv, NA_DFLOAT);
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)((unsigned int) ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < m->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)((unsigned int) gsl_matrix_get(m, i, k));
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)((unsigned int) gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double_m(double (*func)(double, gsl_mode_t), VALUE argv, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mm = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val;
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  switch (TYPE(m)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+    if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+    else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+    else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    mode = FIX2INT(m);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(m)));
+  }
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv), m));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), m);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], m);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, mm);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mm->size1, mm->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < mm->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < mm->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(mm, i, k), m);
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), m);
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double2_m(double (*func)(double, double, gsl_mode_t), 
+			       VALUE argv, VALUE x2, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mm = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val, xx2;
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(x2);
+  xx2 = NUM2DBL(x2);
+  c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+  if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+  else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+  else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+  else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv), xx2, m));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), xx2, m);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], xx2, m);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, mm);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mm->size1, mm->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < mm->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < mm->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(mm, i, k), xx2, m);
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), xx2, m);
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double3_m(double (*func)(double, double, double, gsl_mode_t), 
+			       VALUE argv, VALUE x2, VALUE x3, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mm = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val, xx2, xx3;
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(x2); Need_Float(x3);
+  xx2 = NUM2DBL(x2);
+  xx3 = NUM2DBL(x3);
+  c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+  if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+  else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+  else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+  else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv), xx2, xx3, m));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), xx2, xx3, m);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], xx2, xx3, m);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, mm);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mm->size1, mm->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < mm->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < mm->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(mm, i, k), xx2, xx3, m);
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), xx2, xx3, m);
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_double4_m(double (*func)(double, double, double, double,
+					      gsl_mode_t), 
+			       VALUE argv, VALUE x2, VALUE x3, VALUE x4, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mm = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val, xx2, xx3, xx4;
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(x2); Need_Float(x3); Need_Float(x4);
+  xx2 = NUM2DBL(x2);  xx3 = NUM2DBL(x3); xx4 = NUM2DBL(x4);
+  c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+  if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+  else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+  else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+  else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv) == rb_cRange) argv = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv);
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv), NUM2DBL(x2), NUM2DBL(x3),
+				NUM2DBL(x4), m));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), xx2, xx3, xx4, m);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], xx2, xx3, xx4, m);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, mm);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mm->size1, mm->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < mm->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < mm->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(mm, i, k), xx2, xx3, xx4, m);
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i),  xx2, xx3, xx4, m);
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e(int (*func)(double, gsl_sf_result*), VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_int(int (*func)(int, gsl_sf_result*), VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(x);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2INT(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_uint(int (*func)(unsigned int, gsl_sf_result*), VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2UINT(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_int_uint(int (*func)(int, unsigned int, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				VALUE n, VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(FIX2INT(n), NUM2UINT(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_double_uint(int (*func)(double, unsigned int, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				VALUE y, VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(y);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(y), NUM2UINT(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_int_double(int (*func)(int, double, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				  VALUE n, VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  Need_Float(x);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(FIX2INT(n), NUM2DBL(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_int_double2(int (*func)(int, double, double, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				  VALUE n, VALUE x1, VALUE x2)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  Need_Float(x1); Need_Float(x2);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(FIX2INT(n), NUM2DBL(x1), NUM2DBL(x2), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_int_int_double(int (*func)(int, int, double, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				      VALUE n1, VALUE n2, VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n1); CHECK_FIXNUM(n2);
+  Need_Float(x);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(FIX2INT(n1), FIX2INT(n2), NUM2DBL(x), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_double2(int (*func)(double, double, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				  VALUE x1, VALUE x2)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x1); Need_Float(x2); 
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x1), NUM2DBL(x2), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_double3(int (*func)(double, double, double, gsl_sf_result*), 
+				  VALUE x1, VALUE x2, VALUE x3)
+{
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x1); Need_Float(x2); Need_Float(x3);
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x1), NUM2DBL(x2),NUM2DBL(x3), rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_m(int (*func)(double, gsl_mode_t, gsl_sf_result*), 
+			 VALUE x, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x);
+  switch (TYPE(m)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+    if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+    else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+    else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    mode = FIX2INT(m);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(m)));
+    break;
+  }
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x), mode, rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_double2_m(int (*func)(double, double, gsl_mode_t, gsl_sf_result*), 
+			 VALUE x1, VALUE x2, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x1);  Need_Float(x2);
+  switch (TYPE(m)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+    if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+    else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+    else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    mode = FIX2INT(m);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(m)));
+    break;
+  }
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x1), NUM2DBL(x2), mode, rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_double3_m(int (*func)(double, double, double, gsl_mode_t, gsl_sf_result*), 
+			 VALUE x1, VALUE x2, VALUE x3, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x1); Need_Float(x2); Need_Float(x3);
+  switch (TYPE(m)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+    if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+    else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+    else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    mode = FIX2INT(m);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(m)));
+    break;
+  }
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x1), NUM2DBL(x2),NUM2DBL(x3), mode, rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_e_double4_m(int (*func)(double, double, double, double, gsl_mode_t, gsl_sf_result*), 
+			 VALUE x1, VALUE x2, VALUE x3, VALUE x4, VALUE m)
+{
+  gsl_mode_t mode;
+  char c;
+  gsl_sf_result *rslt = NULL;
+  VALUE v;
+  int status;
+  Need_Float(x1); Need_Float(x2); Need_Float(x3); Need_Float(x4);
+  switch (TYPE(m)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    c = tolower(NUM2CHR(m));
+    if (c == 'd') mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    else if (c == 's') mode = GSL_PREC_SINGLE;
+    else if (c == 'a') mode = GSL_PREC_APPROX;
+    else mode = GSL_PREC_DOUBLE;
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    mode = FIX2INT(m);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(m)));
+    break;
+  }    
+  v = Data_Make_Struct(cgsl_sf_result, gsl_sf_result, 0, free, rslt);
+  status = (*func)(NUM2DBL(x1), NUM2DBL(x2),NUM2DBL(x3), NUM2DBL(x4), mode, rslt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+VALUE eval_sf(double (*func)(double, gsl_mode_t), VALUE argv)
+{
+  VALUE ary, xx;
+  size_t i, k, n;
+  double val;
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mm = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  switch (TYPE(argv)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+    return rb_float_new((*func)(NUM2DBL(argv), GSL_PREC_DOUBLE));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(argv);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      xx = rb_ary_entry(argv, i);
+      Need_Float(xx);
+      val = (*func)(NUM2DBL(xx), GSL_PREC_DOUBLE);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(val));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv)) {
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(argv, double*);
+      GetNArray(argv, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(argv));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*func)(ptr1[i], GSL_PREC_DOUBLE);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_matrix, mm);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mm->size1, mm->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < mm->size1; i++) {
+	for (k = 0; k < mm->size2; k++) {
+	  val = (*func)(gsl_matrix_get(mm, i, k), GSL_PREC_DOUBLE);
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, k, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv, gsl_vector, v);
+      n = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+	val = (*func)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), GSL_PREC_DOUBLE);
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, val);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_sf_eval_complex(double (*f)(double), VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_complex *z, *znew, c;
+  gsl_vector_complex *v, *vnew;
+  gsl_matrix_complex *m, *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  if (COMPLEX_P(obj)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_complex, z);
+    znew = xmalloc(sizeof(gsl_complex));
+    GSL_SET_REAL(znew, (*f)(GSL_REAL(*z)));
+    GSL_SET_IMAG(znew, (*f)(GSL_IMAG(*z)));
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_complex, 0, free, znew);
+  } else if (VECTOR_COMPLEX_P(obj)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_complex, v);
+    vnew = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(v->size);
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      z = GSL_COMPLEX_AT(v, i);
+      GSL_SET_REAL(&c, (*f)(GSL_REAL(*z)));
+      GSL_SET_IMAG(&c, (*f)(GSL_IMAG(*z)));
+      gsl_vector_complex_set(vnew, i, c);
+    }
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, vnew);
+  } else if (MATRIX_COMPLEX_P(obj)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_matrix_complex, m);
+    mnew = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+    for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+      for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	c = gsl_matrix_complex_get(m, i, j);
+	GSL_SET_REAL(&c, (*f)(GSL_REAL(c)));
+	GSL_SET_IMAG(&c, (*f)(GSL_IMAG(c)));
+	gsl_matrix_complex_set(mnew, i, j, c);
+      }
+    }
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_complex, 0, gsl_matrix_complex_free, mnew);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+	     "wrong argument type %s "
+	     " (GSL::Complex or GSL::Vector::Complex expected)", 
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  }
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_sf(VALUE module)
+{
+  VALUE mgsl_sf;
+  mgsl_sf = rb_define_module_under(module, "Sf");
+
+  cgsl_sf_result = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_sf, "Result", 
+					 cGSL_Object);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_sf_result, "new", rb_gsl_sf_result_new,
+			     0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result, "print", rb_gsl_sf_result_print, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result, "inspect", rb_gsl_sf_result_inspect, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result, "val", rb_gsl_sf_result_val, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result, "err", rb_gsl_sf_result_err, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result, "to_a", rb_gsl_sf_result_to_a, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result, "to_s", rb_gsl_sf_result_to_s, 0);
+
+  cgsl_sf_result_e10 = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_sf, "Result_e10", 
+					     cGSL_Object);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_sf_result_e10, "new", 
+			     rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_new, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result_e10, "val", rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_val, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result_e10, "err", rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_err, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result_e10, "e10", rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_e10, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result_e10, "to_a", rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_to_a, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_sf_result_e10, "to_s", rb_gsl_sf_result_e10_to_s, 0);
+
+  Init_gsl_sf_airy(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_bessel(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_clausen(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_coulomb(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_coupling(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_dawson(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_debye(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_dilog(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_elementary(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_ellint(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_elljac(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_erfc(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_exp(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_expint(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_fermi_dirac(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_gamma(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_gegenbauer(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_hyperg(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_laguerre(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_lambert(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_legendre(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_log(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_power(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_psi(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_synchrotron(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_transport(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_trigonometric(mgsl_sf);
+  Init_gsl_sf_zeta(mgsl_sf);
+  
+#ifdef GSL_1_9_LATER  
+	Init_sf_mathieu(mgsl_sf);
+#endif
+}