rb-gsl 1.15.3.1

data/ext/qrng.c

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+  qrng.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_rng.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include <gsl/gsl_qrng.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_QRNGEXTRA_QRNGEXTRA_H
+#include <qrngextra/qrngextra.h>
+#endif
+
+enum rb_gsl_qrng_generator {
+  GSL_QRNG_NIEDERREITER_2,
+  GSL_QRNG_SOBOL,
+  GSL_QRNG_HALTON,
+  GSL_QRNG_REVERSEHALTON,
+#ifdef HAVE_QRNGEXTRA_QRNGEXTRA_H
+  GSL_QRNG_HDSOBOL,
+#endif
+};
+
+static const gsl_qrng_type* get_gsl_qrng_type(VALUE t);
+
+static const gsl_qrng_type* get_gsl_qrng_type(VALUE t)
+{
+  const gsl_qrng_type *T;
+  char name[32];
+
+  switch (TYPE(t)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    strcpy(name, STR2CSTR(t));
+    if (strstr(name, "niederreiter_2")) return T = gsl_qrng_niederreiter_2;
+#ifdef HAVE_QRNGEXTRA_QRNGEXTRA_H
+	else if (strstr(name, "hdsobol")) return T = qrngextra_hdsobol;
+#endif
+    else if (strstr(name, "sobol")) return T = gsl_qrng_sobol;
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+    else if (strstr(name, "reversehalton")) return T = gsl_qrng_reversehalton;
+    else if (strstr(name, "halton")) return T = gsl_qrng_halton;
+
+#endif
+    else rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown type");
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
+    case GSL_QRNG_NIEDERREITER_2: T = gsl_qrng_niederreiter_2; break;
+    case GSL_QRNG_SOBOL: T = gsl_qrng_sobol; break;
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+    case GSL_QRNG_HALTON: T = gsl_qrng_halton; break;
+    case GSL_QRNG_REVERSEHALTON: T = gsl_qrng_reversehalton; break;
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_QRNGEXTRA_QRNGEXTRA_H
+	case GSL_QRNG_HDSOBOL: T = qrngextra_hdsobol; break;
+#endif
+    default: 
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown type");
+    }
+    break;
+  default: 
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (String or Fixnum expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(t)));
+  }
+  return T;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE dd)
+{
+  unsigned int d;
+  gsl_qrng *q;
+  const gsl_qrng_type *T;
+  d = NUM2UINT(dd);
+  T = get_gsl_qrng_type(t);
+  q = gsl_qrng_alloc(T, d);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_qrng_free, q);
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_2_LATER
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_init(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_qrng *q = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_qrng, q);
+  gsl_qrng_init(q);
+  return obj;
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_name(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_qrng *q = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_qrng, q);
+  return rb_str_new2(gsl_qrng_name(q));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_size(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_qrng *q = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_qrng, q);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_qrng_size(q));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_clone(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_qrng *q = NULL, *q2 = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_qrng, q);
+  q2 = gsl_qrng_clone(q);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(obj), 0, gsl_qrng_free, q2);
+}
+
+/* singleton */
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_memcpy(VALUE obj, VALUE dest, VALUE src)
+{
+  gsl_qrng *q = NULL, *q2 = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(dest, gsl_qrng, q);
+  Data_Get_Struct(src, gsl_qrng, q2);
+  gsl_qrng_memcpy(q, q2);
+  return dest;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_qrng_get(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_qrng *q = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_qrng, q);
+  if (argc == 0) {
+    v = gsl_vector_alloc(q->dimension);
+    gsl_qrng_get(q, v->data);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+  } else {
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_vector)) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument (GSL_Vector required)");
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);
+    return INT2FIX(gsl_qrng_get(q, v->data));
+  }
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_qrng(VALUE module)
+{
+  VALUE cgsl_qrng;
+  cgsl_qrng = rb_define_class_under(module, "QRng", cGSL_Object);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_qrng, "new", rb_gsl_qrng_new, 2);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_qrng, "alloc", rb_gsl_qrng_new, 2);
+#ifdef GSL_1_2_LATER
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_qrng, "init", rb_gsl_qrng_init, 0);
+#endif
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_qrng, "name", rb_gsl_qrng_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_qrng, "size", rb_gsl_qrng_size, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_qrng, "clone", rb_gsl_qrng_clone, 0);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_qrng, "duplicate", "clone");
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_qrng, "memcpy", rb_gsl_qrng_memcpy, 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_qrng, "get", rb_gsl_qrng_get, -1);
+
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_qrng, "NIEDERREITER_2", INT2FIX(GSL_QRNG_NIEDERREITER_2));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_qrng, "SOBOL", INT2FIX(GSL_QRNG_SOBOL));
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_qrng, "HALTON", INT2FIX(GSL_QRNG_HALTON));
+  rb_define_const(cgsl_qrng, "REVERSEHALTON", INT2FIX(GSL_QRNG_REVERSEHALTON));
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_QRNGEXTRA_QRNGEXTRA_H
+    rb_define_const(cgsl_qrng, "HDSOBOL", INT2FIX(GSL_QRNG_HDSOBOL));
+#endif
+}

data/ext/randist.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1873 @@
+/*
+  randist.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_common.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_rng.h"
+#include <gsl/gsl_randist.h>
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf(VALUE xx, double (*f)(double));
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(VALUE xx, VALUE aa, double (*f)(double, double));
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(VALUE xx, VALUE aa, VALUE bb, 
+			   double (*f)(double, double, double));
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2_uint(VALUE xx, VALUE aa, 
+				double (*f)(unsigned int, double));
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_eval0(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj,
+			      double (*f)(const gsl_rng*))
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 0:
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return rb_float_new((*f)(r));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_eval1(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj,
+			      double (*f)(const gsl_rng*, double))
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double a;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return rb_float_new((*f)(r, a));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_eval1_uint(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj,
+			      unsigned int (*f)(const gsl_rng*, double))
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  gsl_vector_int *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double a;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_int_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_int_set(v, i, (int) (*f)(r, a));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_int_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_int_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return INT2FIX((*f)(r, a));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_eval2(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj,
+			      double (*f)(const gsl_rng*, double, double))
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double a, b;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 4:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[3]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a, b));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a, b));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return rb_float_new((*f)(r, a, b));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_eval3(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj,
+			      double (*f)(const gsl_rng*, double, double, double))
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double a, b, c;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 5:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[2]); c = NUM2DBL(argv[3]);
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[4]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a, b, c));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[2]); c = NUM2DBL(argv[3]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 4)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 4:
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); c = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[3]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, (*f)(r, a, b, c));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]); b = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); c = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return rb_float_new((*f)(r, a, b, c));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gaussian(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double sigma = 1.0;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, gsl_ran_gaussian(r, sigma));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian(r, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+      return Qnil;
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, gsl_ran_gaussian(r, sigma));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 0:
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian(r, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+      return Qnil;
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ratio_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double sigma = 1.0;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian_ratio_method(r, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 0:
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian_ratio_method(r, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_pdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  if (argc == 1) {
+    return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf(argv[0], gsl_ran_ugaussian_pdf);
+  } else if (argc == 2) {
+    return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(argv[0], argv[1], gsl_ran_gaussian_pdf);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (1 or 2)");
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double a, sigma = 1.0;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 4:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[3]);
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, gsl_ran_gaussian_tail(r, a, sigma));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 2:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian_tail(r, a, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, gsl_ran_gaussian_tail(r, a, sigma));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 1:
+      a = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian_tail(r, a, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail_pdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(argv[0], argv[1], gsl_ran_ugaussian_tail_pdf);
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(argv[0], argv[1], argv[2], gsl_ran_gaussian_tail_pdf);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double sigmax, sigmay, x, y, rho;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 4:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r); 
+      sigmax = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); sigmay = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      rho = NUM2DBL(argv[3]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 4)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      sigmax = NUM2DBL(argv[0]); sigmay = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      rho = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian(r, sigmax, sigmay, rho, &x, &y);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(x), rb_float_new(y));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE y, VALUE sx, VALUE sy, VALUE rr)
+{
+  Need_Float(x); Need_Float(y);
+  Need_Float(sx); Need_Float(sy); Need_Float(rr);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian_pdf(NUM2DBL(x), NUM2DBL(y), NUM2DBL(sx), NUM2DBL(sy), NUM2DBL(rr)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_exponential(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_exponential);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_exponential_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, mu, gsl_ran_exponential_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_laplace(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_laplace);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_laplace_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, mu, gsl_ran_laplace_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_exppow(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_exppow);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_exppow_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_exppow_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_cauchy(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_cauchy);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_cauchy_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, mu, gsl_ran_cauchy_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_rayleigh);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, a, gsl_ran_rayleigh_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE s)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, s, gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_landau(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval0(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_landau);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_landau_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf(x, gsl_ran_landau_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_levy(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_levy);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_levy_skew(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval3(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_levy_skew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gamma(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_gamma);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gamma_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_gamma_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_flat(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_flat);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_flat_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_flat_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_lognormal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_lognormal);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_lognormal_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_lognormal_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_chisq(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_chisq);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_chisq_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, mu, gsl_ran_chisq_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_fdist(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_fdist);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_fdist_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_fdist_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_tdist(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_tdist);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_tdist_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, mu, gsl_ran_tdist_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_beta(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_beta);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_beta_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_beta_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_logistic(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_logistic);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_logistic_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(x, mu, gsl_ran_logistic_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_pareto(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_pareto);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_pareto_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_pareto_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_weibull(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_weibull);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_weibull_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_weibull_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gumbel1(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_gumbel1);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gumbel1_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_gumbel1_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gumbel2(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_gumbel2);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gumbel2_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(x, a, b, gsl_ran_gumbel2_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_poisson(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1_uint(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_poisson);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_poisson_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2_uint(x, mu, gsl_ran_poisson_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_bernoulli(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1_uint(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_bernoulli);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_bernoulli_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2_uint(x, mu, gsl_ran_bernoulli_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_binomial(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  double p;
+  unsigned int n;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return UINT2NUM(gsl_ran_binomial(r, p, n));
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_4_LATER
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_binomial_tpe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double p;
+  unsigned int n;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return UINT2NUM(gsl_ran_binomial_tpe(r, p, n));
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_binomial_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE p, VALUE n)
+{
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_binomial_pdf(NUM2UINT(x), NUM2DBL(p), NUM2UINT(n)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_negative_binomial(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  double p;
+  unsigned int n;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return UINT2NUM(gsl_ran_negative_binomial(r, p, n));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_negative_binomial_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE p, VALUE n)
+{
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_negative_binomial_pdf(NUM2UINT(x), NUM2DBL(p), NUM2DBL(n)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_pascal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double p;
+  unsigned int n;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      p = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      n = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return UINT2NUM(gsl_ran_pascal(r, p, n));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_pascal_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE p, VALUE n)
+{
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_pascal_pdf(NUM2UINT(x), NUM2DBL(p), NUM2UINT(n)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_geometric(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1_uint(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_geometric);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_geometric_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE p)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2_uint(x, p, gsl_ran_geometric_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_hypergeometric(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r;
+  unsigned int n1, n2, t;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 4:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      n1 = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+      n2 = FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
+      t = FIX2UINT(argv[3]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 4)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      n1 = FIX2UINT(argv[0]);
+      n2 = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+      t = FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    break;
+  }
+  return UINT2NUM(gsl_ran_hypergeometric(r, n1, n2, t));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_hypergeometric_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE k, VALUE n1, VALUE n2, VALUE t)
+{
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_hypergeometric_pdf(NUM2UINT(k), NUM2UINT(n1),  NUM2UINT(n2),  NUM2UINT(t)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_logarithmic(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval1_uint(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_logarithmic);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_logarithmic_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE mu)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2_uint(x, mu, gsl_ran_logarithmic_pdf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dir_2d(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double x, y;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 0:
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  gsl_ran_dir_2d(r, &x, &y);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(x), rb_float_new(y));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dir_2d_trig_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double x, y;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 0:
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  gsl_ran_dir_2d_trig_method(r, &x, &y);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(x), rb_float_new(y));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dir_3d(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  double x, y, z;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 0:
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  gsl_ran_dir_3d(r, &x, &y, &z);
+  return rb_ary_new3(3, rb_float_new(x), rb_float_new(y), rb_float_new(z));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dir_nd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  size_t n;
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+      n = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+      n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+  gsl_ran_dir_nd(r, n, v->data);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_shuffle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
+  gsl_permutation *p = NULL;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE:
+  case T_CLASS:
+  case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);
+      if (VECTOR_P(argv[1])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, v);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, v->data, v->size, sizeof(double));
+      } else if (PERMUTATION_P(argv[1])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_permutation, p);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, p->data, p->size, sizeof(size_t));
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Vector or Permutation expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
+      }
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);
+      if (VECTOR_P(argv[1])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, v);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, v->data, FIX2INT(argv[2]), sizeof(double));
+      } else if (PERMUTATION_P(argv[1])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_permutation, p);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, p->data, FIX2INT(argv[2]), sizeof(size_t));
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+		 "wrong argument type %s (Vector or Permutation expected)", 
+		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 1:
+      if (VECTOR_P(argv[0])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, v->data, v->size, sizeof(double));
+      } else if (PERMUTATION_P(argv[0])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_permutation, p);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, p->data, p->size, sizeof(size_t));
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Vector or Permutation expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+      }
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+      if (VECTOR_P(argv[0])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, v->data, FIX2INT(argv[1]), sizeof(double));
+      } else if (PERMUTATION_P(argv[0])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_permutation, p);
+	gsl_ran_shuffle(r, p->data, FIX2INT(argv[1]), sizeof(size_t));
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+		 "wrong argument type %s (Vector or Permutation expected)", 
+		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+      }
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_choose(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  size_t k, n;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);  
+    n = v->size;
+    k = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    if (k > n) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the argument 1 must be less than or equal to the size of the vector.");
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(k);
+    gsl_ran_choose(r, v2->data, k, v->data, n, sizeof(double));
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);;
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[0]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);  
+    n = v->size;
+    k = v->size;
+    if (k > n) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the argument 1 must be less than or equal to the size of the vector.");
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(k);
+    gsl_ran_choose(r, v2->data, k, v->data, n, sizeof(double));
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);;
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_choose_singleton(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  size_t k, n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]);
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, v);  
+    n = v->size;
+    k = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    if (k > n) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the argument 1 must be less than or equal to the size of the vector.");
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(k);
+    gsl_ran_choose(r, v2->data, k, v->data, n, sizeof(double));
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);  
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, v);  
+    n = v->size;
+    k = v->size;
+    if (k > n) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the argument 1 must be less than or equal to the size of the vector.");
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(k);
+    gsl_ran_choose(r, v2->data, k, v->data, n, sizeof(double));
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);;
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_sample(VALUE obj, VALUE vv, VALUE kk)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  size_t k, n;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);  
+  Data_Get_Struct(vv, gsl_vector, v);  
+  n = v->size;
+  k = FIX2INT(kk);
+  v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(k);
+  gsl_ran_sample(r, v2->data, k, v->data, n, sizeof(double));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);;
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_3_LATER
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dirichlet(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+  if (argc == 1) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);    
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+    gsl_ran_dirichlet(r, v->size, v->data, v2->data);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);
+  } else if (argc == 2) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);    
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, v2);    
+    gsl_ran_dirichlet(r, v->size, v->data, v2->data);
+    return obj;
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (1 or 2 GSL_Vectors)");
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dirichlet_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE a, VALUE t)
+{
+  gsl_vector *alpha = NULL, *theta = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(a, gsl_vector, alpha);    
+  Data_Get_Struct(t, gsl_vector, theta);    
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_dirichlet_pdf(alpha->size, alpha->data, theta->data));
+}
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_dirichlet_lnpdf(VALUE obj, VALUE a, VALUE t)
+{
+  gsl_vector *alpha = NULL, *theta = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(a, gsl_vector, alpha);    
+  Data_Get_Struct(t, gsl_vector, theta);    
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_dirichlet_lnpdf(alpha->size, alpha->data, theta->data));
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_discrete_new(VALUE klass, VALUE vv)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
+  gsl_ran_discrete_t *g = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(vv, gsl_vector, v);
+  g = gsl_ran_discrete_preproc(v->size, v->data);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_ran_discrete_free, g);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_discrete(VALUE obj, VALUE gg)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;
+  gsl_ran_discrete_t *g = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);
+  Data_Get_Struct(gg, gsl_ran_discrete_t, g);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_ran_discrete(r, g));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_discrete_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE k, VALUE gg)
+{
+  gsl_ran_discrete_t *g = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(gg, gsl_ran_discrete_t, g);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_discrete_pdf(FIX2INT(k), g));
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+#include "narray.h"
+#endif
+
+/*****/
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf(VALUE xx, double (*f)(double))
+{
+  VALUE x, ary;
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n;  
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+#endif
+  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
+  switch(TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2DBL(xx)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    //    n = RARRAY(xx)->len;
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      Need_Float(x);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2DBL(x))));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
+      xx = na_change_type(xx, NA_DFLOAT);
+      GetNArray(xx, na);
+      ptr1 = (double *) na->ptr;
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*f)(ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*f)(gsl_vector_get(v, i)));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MATRIX_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (*f)(gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j)));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  /* never reach here */
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2(VALUE xx, VALUE aa, 
+			      double (*f)(double, double))
+{
+  VALUE x, ary;
+  double a;
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(aa);
+  a = NUM2DBL(aa);
+  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
+  switch(TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2DBL(xx), a));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    //    n = RARRAY(xx)->len;
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      Need_Float(x);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2DBL(x), a)));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
+      xx = na_change_type(xx, NA_DFLOAT);
+      GetNArray(xx, na);
+      ptr1 = (double *) na->ptr;
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*f)(ptr1[i], a);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*f)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), a));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MATRIX_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (*f)(gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j), a));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  /* never reach here */
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf3(VALUE xx, VALUE aa, VALUE bb, 
+			      double (*f)(double, double, double))
+{
+  VALUE x, ary;
+  double a, b;
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(aa);  Need_Float(bb);
+  a = NUM2DBL(aa); b = NUM2DBL(bb);
+  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
+  switch(TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2DBL(xx), a, b));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    //    n = RARRAY(xx)->len;
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      Need_Float(x);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2DBL(x), a, b)));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
+      xx = na_change_type(xx, NA_DFLOAT);
+      GetNArray(xx, na);
+      ptr1 = (double *) na->ptr;
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary, double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = (*f)(ptr1[i], a, b);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*f)(gsl_vector_get(v, i), a, b));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MATRIX_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (*f)(gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j), a, b));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  /* never reach here */
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_eval_pdf_cdf2_uint(VALUE xx, VALUE aa, 
+				       double (*f)(unsigned int, double))
+{
+  VALUE x, ary;
+  double a;
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_int *vi = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix_int *mi = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  char *ptr1, *ptr2;
+#endif
+  Need_Float(aa);
+  a = NUM2DBL(aa);
+  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
+  switch(TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2UINT(xx), a));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    //    n = RARRAY(xx)->len;
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new((*f)(NUM2UINT(x), a)));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
+      GetNArray(xx, na);
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(na->type, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
+      ptr1 = (char *)na->ptr;
+      ptr2 = (char *)NA_STRUCT(ary)->ptr;
+      switch (na->type) {
+      case NA_LINT:
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	  ((int*)ptr2)[i] = (*f)((unsigned int) ((int*)ptr1)[i], a);
+	break;
+      default:
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	  ((double*)ptr2)[i] = (*f)((unsigned int) ((double*)ptr1)[i], a);
+	break;
+      }
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*f)((unsigned int) gsl_vector_get(v, i), a));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (VECTOR_INT_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector_int, vi);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(vi->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < vi->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (*f)((unsigned int) gsl_vector_int_get(vi, i), a));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MATRIX_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix, m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (*f)((unsigned int) gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j), a));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else if (MATRIX_INT_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_matrix_int, mi);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mi->size1, mi->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < mi->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < mi->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (*f)((unsigned int) gsl_matrix_int_get(mi, i, j), a));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  /* never reach here */
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_erlang(VALUE obj, VALUE a, VALUE n)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_erlang(r, NUM2DBL(a), NUM2DBL(n)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_erlang_pdf(VALUE obj, VALUE x, VALUE a, VALUE n)
+{
+  return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_erlang_pdf(NUM2DBL(x), NUM2DBL(a), NUM2DBL(n)));
+}
+*/
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_8_LATER
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_rng *r = NULL;	
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  size_t n, i;
+  double sigma = 1.0;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat(r, sigma));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 1:
+      CHECK_RNG(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_rng, r);    
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat(r, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+      return Qnil;
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_rng, r);    
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 2:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(v, i, gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat(r, sigma));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      sigma = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+      /* no break */
+    case 0:
+      return rb_float_new(gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat(r, sigma));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+      return Qnil;
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_ran_gamma_mt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_ran_eval2(argc, argv, obj, gsl_ran_gamma_mt);
+}
+#endif
+
+void Init_gsl_ran(VALUE module)
+{
+  VALUE mgsl_ran;
+  VALUE cgsl_ran_discrete;
+
+  mgsl_ran = rb_define_module_under(module, "Ran");
+  
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gaussian", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "ugaussian", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gaussian", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian, -1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_rng, "ugaussian", "gaussian");
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gaussian_ratio_method", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ratio_method, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "ugaussian_ratio_method",
+			    rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ratio_method, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gaussian_ratio_method", 
+		   rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ratio_method, -1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_rng, "ugaussian_ratio_method", "gaussian_ratio_method");
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "gaussian_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_pdf, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "ugaussian_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_pdf, -1);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gaussian_tail", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "ugaussian_tail", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gaussian_tail", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail, -1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_rng, "ugaussian_tail", "gaussian_tail");
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "gaussian_tail_pdf", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail_pdf, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "ugaussian_tail_pdf", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_tail_pdf, -1);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "bivariate_gaussian", 
+		   rb_gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "bivariate_gaussian", 
+		   rb_gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "bivariate_gaussian_pdf", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_bivariate_gaussian_pdf, 5);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "exponential", rb_gsl_ran_exponential, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "exponential", rb_gsl_ran_exponential, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "exponential_pdf", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_exponential_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "laplace", rb_gsl_ran_laplace, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "laplace", rb_gsl_ran_laplace, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "laplace_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_laplace_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "exppow", rb_gsl_ran_exppow, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "exppow", rb_gsl_ran_exppow, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "exppow_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_exppow_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "cauchy", rb_gsl_ran_cauchy, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "cauchy", rb_gsl_ran_cauchy, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "cauchy_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_cauchy_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "rayleigh", rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "rayleigh", rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "rayleigh_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "rayleigh_tail", rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "rayleigh_tail", rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "rayleigh_tail_pdf", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_rayleigh_tail_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "landau", rb_gsl_ran_landau, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "landau", rb_gsl_ran_landau, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "landau_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_landau_pdf, 1);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "levy", rb_gsl_ran_levy, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "levy_skew", rb_gsl_ran_levy_skew, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "levy", rb_gsl_ran_levy, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "levy_skew", rb_gsl_ran_levy_skew, -1);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gamma", rb_gsl_ran_gamma, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gamma", rb_gsl_ran_gamma, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "gamma_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_gamma_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "flat", rb_gsl_ran_flat, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "flat", rb_gsl_ran_flat, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "flat_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_flat_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "lognormal", rb_gsl_ran_lognormal, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "lognormal", rb_gsl_ran_lognormal, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "lognormal_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_lognormal_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "chisq", rb_gsl_ran_chisq, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "chisq", rb_gsl_ran_chisq, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "chisq_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_chisq_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "fdist", rb_gsl_ran_fdist, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "fdist", rb_gsl_ran_fdist, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "fdist_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_fdist_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "tdist", rb_gsl_ran_tdist, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "tdist", rb_gsl_ran_tdist, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "tdist_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_tdist_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "beta", rb_gsl_ran_beta, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "beta", rb_gsl_ran_beta, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "beta_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_beta_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "logistic", rb_gsl_ran_logistic, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "logistic", rb_gsl_ran_logistic, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "logistic_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_logistic_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "pareto", rb_gsl_ran_pareto, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "pareto", rb_gsl_ran_pareto, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "pareto_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_pareto_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "weibull", rb_gsl_ran_weibull, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "weibull", rb_gsl_ran_weibull, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "weibull_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_weibull_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gumbel1", rb_gsl_ran_gumbel1, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gumbel1", rb_gsl_ran_gumbel1, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "gumbel1_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_gumbel1_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gumbel2", rb_gsl_ran_gumbel2, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gumbel2", rb_gsl_ran_gumbel2, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "gumbel2_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_gumbel2_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "poisson", rb_gsl_ran_poisson, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "poisson", rb_gsl_ran_poisson, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "poisson_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_poisson_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "bernoulli", rb_gsl_ran_bernoulli, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "bernoulli", rb_gsl_ran_bernoulli, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "bernoulli_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_bernoulli_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "binomial", rb_gsl_ran_binomial, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "binomial", rb_gsl_ran_binomial, -1);
+#ifdef GSL_1_4_LATER
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "binomial_tpe", rb_gsl_ran_binomial_tpe, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "binomial_tpe", rb_gsl_ran_binomial_tpe, -1);
+#endif
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "binomial_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_binomial_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "negative_binomial", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_negative_binomial, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "negative_binomial", rb_gsl_ran_negative_binomial, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "negative_binomial_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_negative_binomial_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "pascal", rb_gsl_ran_pascal, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "pascal", rb_gsl_ran_pascal, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "pascal_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_pascal_pdf, 3);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "geometric", rb_gsl_ran_geometric, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "geometric", rb_gsl_ran_geometric, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "geometric_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_geometric_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "hypergeometric", rb_gsl_ran_hypergeometric, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "hypergeometric", rb_gsl_ran_hypergeometric, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "hypergeometric_pdf", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_hypergeometric_pdf, 4);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "logarithmic", rb_gsl_ran_logarithmic, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "logarithmic", rb_gsl_ran_logarithmic, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "logarithmic_pdf",
+			    rb_gsl_ran_logarithmic_pdf, 2);
+
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "dir_2d", rb_gsl_ran_dir_2d, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "dir_2d_trig_method", 
+			    rb_gsl_ran_dir_2d_trig_method, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "dir_3d", rb_gsl_ran_dir_3d, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "dir_nd", rb_gsl_ran_dir_nd, -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "dir_2d", rb_gsl_ran_dir_2d, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "dir_2d_trig_method", rb_gsl_ran_dir_2d_trig_method, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "dir_3d", rb_gsl_ran_dir_3d, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "dir_nd", rb_gsl_ran_dir_nd, -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "shuffle", rb_gsl_ran_shuffle, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "shuffle", rb_gsl_ran_shuffle, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "choose", rb_gsl_ran_choose, -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_ran, "choose", rb_gsl_ran_choose_singleton, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "sample", rb_gsl_ran_sample, 2);
+
+  /*****/
+
+  cgsl_ran_discrete = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_ran, "Discrete", cGSL_Object);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_ran_discrete, "alloc", rb_gsl_ran_discrete_new, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_ran_discrete, "preproc", rb_gsl_ran_discrete_new, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "discrete", rb_gsl_ran_discrete, 1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "discrete_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_discrete_pdf, 2);
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_3_LATER
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "dirichlet", rb_gsl_ran_dirichlet, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "dirichlet_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_dirichlet_pdf, 2);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran,  "dirichlet_lnpdf", rb_gsl_ran_dirichlet_lnpdf, 2);
+#endif
+
+  /*  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "erlang", rb_gsl_ran_erlang, 2);
+  rb_define_method(module, "ran_erlang_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_erlang_pdf, 3);
+  rb_define_method(mgsl_ran, "erlang_pdf", rb_gsl_ran_erlang_pdf, 3);*/
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_8_LATER
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gaussian_ziggurat", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gaussian_ziggurat", rb_gsl_ran_gaussian_ziggurat, -1);
+  rb_define_module_function(mgsl_ran, "gamma_mt", rb_gsl_ran_gamma_mt, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_rng, "gamma_mt", rb_gsl_ran_gamma_mt, -1);
+#endif
+
+}